1614:
177:, which Payne calls Shuar. Together, Shuar and Candoshi make up a putative Shuar-Candoshi family, for which Payne (1981) provides a tentative reconstruction of Proto-Shuar-Candoshi.
274:
1588:
1655:
1684:
255:
1576:
233:
1583:
1674:
1566:
1648:
1571:
526:
1474:
1033:
248:
1641:
1421:
268:
1621:
264:
982:
162:), but as of 1990 found the Jibaro–Cahuapanan connection plausible. It forms one part of his expanded 2007 suggestion for
1679:
193:
Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South
America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.),
263:
1441:
241:
202:
226:
Payne, David
Lawrence. 1981. "Bosquejo fonológico del Proto-Shuar-Candoshi: evidencias para una relación genética."
1593:
1461:
1396:
846:
1406:
304:
750:
1515:
1416:
1411:
1226:
835:
1139:
1446:
1426:
1361:
1401:
885:
150:
is underway as of 2006, but
Puelche and Huarpe are extinct. Kaufman (1994) linked Huarpe instead to the
1550:
1436:
1386:
950:
545:
1391:
1376:
1277:
1192:
955:
735:
632:
1351:
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901:
170:
103:
1381:
1629:
364:
1535:
1495:
1371:
1366:
1341:
879:
651:
565:
530:
807:
587:
1545:
1525:
1510:
1469:
1431:
1216:
1168:
1053:
780:
710:
647:
992:
466:
331:
1520:
1500:
1302:
1236:
1041:
890:
143:
74:
1097:
613:
473:
8:
1613:
1540:
1505:
1479:
997:
972:
865:
801:
757:
706:
696:
539:
391:
349:
214:
Kaufman, Terrence. 2007. South
America. In: R. E. Asher and Christopher Moseley (eds.),
1293:
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728:
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501:
384:
344:
293:
174:
139:
69:
1111:
508:
487:
354:
1530:
1451:
1178:
1151:
1064:
1013:
929:
895:
869:
841:
826:
762:
452:
313:
198:
155:
1118:
668:
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399:
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1282:
1249:
1205:
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1132:
1091:
1071:
987:
936:
922:
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908:
852:
768:
681:
675:
551:
425:
420:
359:
320:
147:
87:
80:
626:
558:
494:
480:
459:
1308:
1242:
1078:
1022:
796:
740:
593:
445:
438:
431:
151:
95:
57:
51:
718:
714:
339:
1625:
1336:
1315:
1198:
1161:
1125:
619:
605:
581:
574:
135:
1668:
1104:
1047:
1007:
159:
515:
163:
146:
are most frequently linked, the isolates less often. Documentation of
113:
195:
Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South
American languages
197:(pp. 13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press.
138:and other historical linguists. The two families,
1666:
1649:
249:
216:Atlas of the World’s Languages (2nd edition)
1685:Indigenous languages of the Americas stubs
1656:
1642:
256:
242:
265:Indigenous language families and isolates
330:
1667:
1675:Indigenous languages of South America
603:
237:
1622:Indigenous languages of the Americas
1608:
13:
14:
1696:
169:David Payne (1981) proposes that
1612:
208:
187:
1:
180:
1628:. You can help Knowledge by
1620:This article related to the
134:, is a language proposal of
7:
218:, 59–94. London: Routledge.
10:
1701:
1680:Proposed language families
1607:
983:Arawan–Harákmbut–Katukinan
228:Revista del Museo Nacional
1559:
1488:
1460:
1329:
1291:
1215:
1149:
1032:
971:
864:
824:
778:
705:
645:
525:
413:
303:
283:
112:
63:
52:Linguistic classification
50:
40:
35:
30:
25:
130:proposal, also known as
18:Proposed language family
1584:Unclassified languages
1154:, Bolivia, and Chile)
975:(west-central Brazil)
1577:Marañón River basin
1442:Tequiraca–Canichana
1422:Maya–Yunga–Chipayan
1397:Esmeralda–Yaruroan
1330:Proposed groupings
284:Language families
1637:
1636:
1602:
1601:
1572:Extinct languages
1325:
1324:
641:
640:
409:
408:
278:
124:
123:
1692:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1616:
1609:
1594:Linguistic areas
1462:Linguistic areas
1004:? Mura–MatanawĂ
751:Andoque–Urequena
601:
600:
328:
327:
301:
300:
272:
258:
251:
244:
235:
234:
219:
212:
206:
191:
23:
22:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1555:
1484:
1456:
1417:Mataco–Guaicuru
1412:Katembri–Taruma
1377:Macro-Puinavean
1362:Macro-Otomákoan
1321:
1287:
1227:Mataco–Guaicuru
1211:
1145:
1028:
967:
860:
836:Sechura–Catacao
825:Pacific coast (
820:
779:Pacific coast (
774:
701:
637:
599:
521:
405:
326:
299:
285:
279:
277:classification)
271:
262:
223:
222:
213:
209:
192:
188:
183:
152:Muran languages
58:language family
42:
36:(controversial)
19:
12:
11:
5:
1698:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1617:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1589:Classification
1586:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1475:Mamoré–Guaporé
1472:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1447:Wamo–Chapakura
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1427:Moseten–Chonan
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1352:Macro-Chibchan
1349:
1347:Macro-Arawakan
1344:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1222:
1220:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1165:
1157:
1155:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1034:Mamoré–Guaporé
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1002:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
978:
976:
969:
968:
966:
965:
964:
963:
958:
947:
940:
933:
926:
919:
912:
905:
898:
893:
888:
883:
875:
873:
862:
861:
859:
858:
857:
856:
849:
838:
832:
830:
822:
821:
819:
818:
811:
804:
799:
794:
786:
784:
776:
775:
773:
772:
765:
760:
755:
754:
753:
748:
743:
732:
724:
722:
703:
702:
700:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
672:
665:
657:
655:
643:
642:
639:
638:
636:
635:
630:
623:
616:
610:
608:
598:
597:
590:
585:
578:
571:
570:
569:
562:
555:
542:
536:
534:
523:
522:
520:
519:
512:
505:
498:
491:
484:
477:
470:
463:
456:
449:
442:
435:
428:
423:
417:
415:
414:Eastern Brazil
411:
410:
407:
406:
404:
403:
395:
388:
381:
374:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
336:
334:
325:
324:
317:
309:
307:
298:
297:
289:
287:
281:
280:
261:
260:
253:
246:
238:
232:
231:
221:
220:
207:
185:
184:
182:
179:
173:is related to
136:Morris Swadesh
132:(Macro-)Andean
122:
121:
116:
110:
109:
108:
107:
99:
91:
84:
77:
72:
65:
61:
60:
54:
48:
47:
44:
38:
37:
33:
32:
28:
27:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1697:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1551:French Guiana
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1407:Je–Tupi–Carib
1405:
1403:
1402:Hibito–Cholon
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1382:Macro-Warpean
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1003:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
984:
980:
979:
977:
974:
970:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
952:
948:
946:
945:
941:
939:
938:
934:
932:
931:
927:
925:
924:
920:
918:
917:
913:
911:
910:
906:
904:
903:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
886:Hibito–Cholon
884:
882:
881:
877:
876:
874:
871:
867:
863:
855:
854:
850:
848:
847:Cañari–Puruhá
845:
844:
843:
839:
837:
834:
833:
831:
828:
823:
817:
816:
812:
810:
809:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
792:
788:
787:
785:
782:
777:
771:
770:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
738:
737:
733:
731:
730:
726:
725:
723:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
677:
673:
671:
670:
666:
664:
663:
659:
658:
656:
653:
649:
644:
634:
631:
629:
628:
624:
622:
621:
617:
615:
612:
611:
609:
607:
602:
596:
595:
591:
589:
586:
584:
583:
579:
577:
576:
572:
568:
567:
563:
561:
560:
556:
554:
553:
549:
548:
547:
543:
541:
538:
537:
535:
532:
528:
524:
518:
517:
513:
511:
510:
506:
504:
503:
499:
497:
496:
492:
490:
489:
485:
483:
482:
478:
476:
475:
471:
469:
468:
464:
462:
461:
457:
455:
454:
450:
448:
447:
443:
441:
440:
436:
434:
433:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
416:
412:
402:
401:
396:
394:
393:
389:
387:
386:
382:
380:
379:
375:
373:
372:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
337:
335:
333:
329:
323:
322:
318:
316:
315:
311:
310:
308:
306:
305:Je–Tupi–Carib
302:
296:
295:
291:
290:
288:
282:
276:
275:Campbell 2012
270:
269:South America
266:
259:
254:
252:
247:
245:
240:
239:
236:
229:
225:
224:
217:
211:
204:
203:0-292-70414-3
200:
196:
190:
186:
178:
176:
172:
167:
165:
161:
160:Macro-Warpean
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
120:
117:
115:
111:
106:
105:
100:
98:
97:
92:
90:
89:
85:
83:
82:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
67:
66:
62:
59:
55:
53:
49:
45:
39:
34:
29:
24:
21:
16:
1630:expanding it
1619:
1604:
1437:Saparo–Yawan
1387:Arutani–Sape
1372:Macro-Panoan
1367:Macro-Paesan
1357:Macro-Jibaro
1356:
1342:Macro-Andean
1314:
1307:
1278:Lule–Vilelan
1248:
1241:
1204:
1197:
1185:
1160:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1046:
1021:
1012:
951:Saparo–Yawan
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
907:
900:
880:Pano–Tacanan
878:
851:
813:
806:
789:
783:and Ecuador)
767:
727:
674:
667:
660:
625:
618:
592:
580:
573:
564:
557:
550:
546:Arutani–Sape
514:
507:
500:
493:
486:
479:
472:
465:
458:
451:
444:
437:
430:
398:
390:
383:
376:
369:
319:
312:
292:
286:and isolates
230:45. 323-377.
227:
215:
210:
194:
189:
168:
164:Macro-Andean
131:
128:Macro-Jibaro
127:
125:
118:
102:
94:
86:
79:
64:Subdivisions
43:distribution
26:Macro-Jibaro
20:
15:
1432:Quechumaran
1392:Bora–Witoto
1292:Far South (
1193:Uru–Chipaya
1169:Quechumaran
1054:Nambikwaran
736:Bora–Witoto
633:Ticuna–Yuri
1669:Categories
1303:Qawasqaran
1237:Guaicuruan
1206:Mapudungun
1042:Chapacuran
956:Peba–Yagua
891:Cahuapanan
808:YurumanguĂ
392:Chiquitano
365:Maxakalian
273:(based on
181:References
144:Cahuapanan
75:Cahuapanan
41:Geographic
1567:Languages
1536:Venezuela
1496:Argentina
1489:Countries
1480:Amazonian
1092:Mosetenan
1086:Canichana
998:Katukinan
993:Harákmbut
944:Tequiraca
815:Esmeralda
802:Barbacoan
758:Guajiboan
697:Jirajaran
652:Venezuela
588:Otomacoan
540:Yanomaman
531:Venezuela
467:PankararĂş
385:Rikbaktsá
114:Glottolog
56:Proposed
1546:Suriname
1526:Paraguay
1511:Colombia
1273:Huarpean
1268:Charruan
1263:Zamucoan
1258:Mascoyan
1232:Matacoan
1174:Quechuan
1098:Yuracaré
1065:Cayubaba
1059:Bororoan
1014:MatanawĂ
961:Zaparoan
930:Taushiro
902:Candoshi
896:Jivaroan
791:Chibchan
781:Colombia
746:Witotoan
729:Tucanoan
711:Colombia
692:Timotean
687:Tiniguan
648:Colombia
474:TarairiĂş
453:Katembri
421:Karirian
360:Krenakan
345:Jabutian
332:Macro-JĂŞ
294:Arawakan
175:Jivaroan
171:Candoshi
156:Matanawi
140:Jivaroan
104:Candoshi
70:Jivaroan
1521:Ecuador
1501:Bolivia
1452:Amerind
1250:Payaguá
1219:–Pampas
1187:Puquina
1179:Aymaran
1150:Andes (
1133:Irantxe
1072:Itonama
937:Urarina
923:Waorani
916:Munichi
909:Omurano
853:Mochica
842:Chimuan
797:Chocoan
769:Puinave
763:Nadahup
676:AndaquĂ
646:Andes (
614:Sáliban
552:Arutani
527:Orinoco
314:Cariban
148:Urarina
88:Puelche
81:Urarina
1541:Guyana
1506:Brazil
1309:Yaghan
1283:Chonan
1243:GuachĂ
1112:AikanĂŁ
1079:Movima
1023:Trumai
988:Arawan
973:Amazon
866:Amazon
719:Vaupés
715:Japurá
707:Amazon
682:Paezan
594:Yaruro
502:XukurĂş
446:Baenan
439:Gamela
432:Taruma
426:PurĂan
355:Karajá
350:KamakĂŁ
321:Tupian
201:
96:Huarpe
46:Amazon
31:Andean
1624:is a
1560:Lists
1516:Chile
1470:Chaco
1316:Chono
1294:Chile
1217:Chaco
1199:Kunza
1162:Culle
1140:Arara
1126:Kwazá
1119:KanoĂŞ
1008:Muran
741:Boran
721:area)
669:Camsá
662:Cofán
620:Betoi
582:Guamo
575:Warao
488:Wamoé
400:GuatĂł
378:Ofayé
371:JaikĂł
158:(see
1626:stub
1531:Peru
1337:Duho
1152:Peru
1105:Leco
1048:Mure
870:Peru
827:Peru
650:and
627:HodĂŻ
606:Duho
566:Máku
559:Sapé
509:Yaté
495:XokĂł
481:Tuxá
460:NatĂş
199:ISBN
154:and
142:and
126:The
119:None
516:OtĂ
267:of
1671::
1225:?
1167:?
981:?
949:?
840:?
734:?
713:,
604:?
544:?
397:?
340:JĂŞ
166:.
101:?
93:?
1657:e
1650:t
1643:v
1632:.
1296:)
872:)
868:(
829:)
717:–
709:(
654:)
533:)
529:(
257:e
250:t
243:v
205:.
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