466:
845:
2001–2002 as
Assistant Researcher at the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) Maasai-Mara Cheetah Conservation Project. At that time, she developed original method of cheetah identification based on visual analysis of the unique spot patterns on front limbs (from toes to shoulder) and hind limbs (from toes to the hip), and spots and rings on the tail. Collected over the years, photographic data allows the project team to trace kinship between generations and build Mara cheetah pedigree. The data collected helps to reveal parental relationship between individuals, survival rate of cubs, cheetah lifespan and personal reproductive history.
52:
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36:
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depleted by poaching in the 1970s and early 1980s, dropping to a low of 15 individuals. Numbers have been slowly increasing, but the population was still only up to an estimated 23 in 1999. The Mara
Conservancy, one of the managing bodies of the reserve, reported 120 black rhinos in 1971 and 18 in 1984. They claimed one black rhino in 2001 when they began management and a stable 25-30 in 2023.
915:
The Mara
Conservancy encourages conservation efforts in the Reserve and has accomplished several of their goals since taking stewardship. According to their website, as of 2022 they have arrested 4,500 poachers, vaccinated 100,000 dogs against rabies and distemper, improved access roads, and provided
907:
The rise of local populations in areas neighbouring the reserve has led to the formation of conservation organisations such as the Mara
Elephant Project. The project aims to ensure the peaceful and prosperous co-existence of humans alongside wildlife. According to the project, human wildlife conflict
875:
In 2018, the Angama
Foundation, a non-profit affiliated with Angama Mara, one of the Mara's luxury safari camps, launched the Greatest Maasai Mara Photographer of the Year competition, showcasing the Mara as a year-round destination and raise funds for conservation initiatives active in the Mara. The
808:
As of 2023, Mara
Conservancy manages the Mara Triangle on behalf of the county, while the County Government of Narok manages the Narok Sector. The more visited eastern part of the park, known as the Maasai Mara National Reserve, is managed by the Narok County Council. The Mara Triangle in the western
553:
are the dominant inhabitants of the Maasai Mara. Around July of each year, these animals migrate north from the
Serengeti plains in search of fresh pasture, and return to the south around October. The Great Migration is one of the most impressive natural events worldwide. It involves some 1,300,000
301:
The Maasai people make up a community that spans northern, central and southern Kenya and northern parts of
Tanzania. The Maasai rely on their lands to sustain their cattle, as well as themselves and their families. Prior to the establishment of the reserve, the Maasai were forced to move out of
309:
Tradition continues to play a major role in the lives of modern-day Maasai people, who are known for their tall stature, patterned shukas and beadwork. In 2008, an estimated half a million individuals spoke the Maasai language. This number includes not only the Maasai but also
Samburu and Camus
911:
The growth in population creates a demand for land and resources leading to unplanned infrastructure growth. The weak cash economy creates a need to further subdivide the outlying ranch areas. These new owners have converted some land away from traditional grazing fields, negatively affecting
631:
The Maasai Mara is the only protected area in Kenya with an indigenous black rhino population unaffected by translocations. Due to its size, the Mara is able to support one of the largest populations in Africa. The population of black rhinos was fairly numerous until 1960, but it was severely
844:
Since
October 2012, the Mara-Meru Cheetah Project has worked in the Mara monitoring cheetah population, estimating population status and dynamics, and evaluating the predator impact and human activity on cheetah behavior and survival. The head of the Project, Elena Chelysheva, was working in
840:
The Mara Predator Project also operates in the Maasai Mara, cataloging and monitoring lion populations throughout the region. Concentrating on the northern conservancies where communities coexist with wildlife, the project aims to identify population trends and responses to changes in land
1366:
McClain, M.E.; Subalusky, A.L.; Anderson, E.P.; Dessu, S.B.; Melesse, A.M.; Ndomba, P.M.; Mtamba, J.O.; Tamatamah, R.A.; Mligo, C. (2014). "Comparing flow regime, channel hydraulics, and biological communities to infer flow–ecology relationships in the Mara River of Kenya and Tanzania".
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long, from Ethiopia's Red Sea through Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and into Mozambique. Wildlife tends to be most concentrated here, as the swampy ground means that access to water is always good, while tourist disruption is minimal. The easternmost border is 224 km (139 mi) from
382:
with biannual rains and two distinct rainy seasons. The 'long rains' last around six to eight weeks in April and May and the 'short rains', in November and December, last around four weeks. There is a significant rainfall gradient: around 800 mm (31 in)/year in the east to
866:
was filmed in the Maasai Mara. The show followed the lives of the big cats living in the reserve. The show highlighted scenes from the Reserve's Musiara marsh area and the Leopard Gorge, the Fig Tree Ridge areas and the Mara River, separating the Serengeti and the Maasai Mara.
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competition ran for six years, ending in 2023. The inaugural winner was British photographer Anup Shah. The 2019 winner was Lee-Anne Robertson from South Africa. Paolo Torchio won in 2020, Harry Collins in 2021, Preeti and Prashant Chacko in 2022, and Shravan Rao in 2023.
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is seen as a leading threat to the reserve as the population continues to grow. Tourism has increased exponentially. Less than 10 lodges were in the area in the late 1970s. The end of the moratorium saw facilities increase to 140 in 2008, and nearly 200 in 2016.
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and the heavy competition they face with lions, who can often ravage their populations. Their packs also roam and travel far distances throughout the plains, making it hard to track them. Smaller carnivores that don't directly compete with the latter include
812:
The outer areas were administered by ranches of the Maasai community. The land was then subdivided, though some members received greater benefits than the majority of landowners. This weakened regulatory system threatens sustainable management of the Mara.
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based Kay E. Holekamp Lab studies the behaviour and physiology of this predator, as well as doing comparison studies between large predators in the Mara Triangle and their counterparts in the eastern part of the Mara.
642:
are found in large groups in the Mara and Talek rivers. The plains between the Mara River and the Esoit Siria Escarpment are probably the best area for game viewing, in particular regarding lion and cheetah.
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and converted to a Game Reserve. The Narok County Council took over management of the reserve at this time. Part of the reserve was given National Reserve status in 1974, and the remaining area of
344:, which covers around 25,000 ha (62,000 acres) in Tanzania and Kenya. Maasai pastoral ranches are to the north, east and west. To the south is the Serengeti Park, the Siria/Oloololo
209:, the ancestral inhabitants of the area, who migrated to the area from the Nile Basin. Their description of the area when looked at from afar: "Mara" means "spotted" in the local
848:
The resilience of the game park model and the impact of the covid pandemic have also been evaluated so as to include consideration of issues of equality, and environmentalism.
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are also found in high numbers on the open savanna, hunting gazelle and wildebeest. African wild dogs are quite rare here due to the widespread transmission of diseases like
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352:, along with its tributaries the Sand and Talek rivers, are the major rivers draining the reserve. Shrubs and trees run along most drainage lines and cover the hills.
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are another abundant carnivore, and will often compete with lions for food. Leopards are found anywhere in the reserve where there are trees for them to escape to.
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1858:
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by BirdLife International. More than 500 species of birds have been identified in the park, many of which are migrants, with almost 60 species being
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Ogutu, J. O.; Piepho, H. P.; Dublin, H. T.; Bhola, N.; Reid, R. S. (2009). "Dynamics of Mara-Serengeti ungulates in relation to land use changes".
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wildlife migration. A rise in fencing exacerbates the restriction in free movement for migration, and grazing opportunities are diminished.
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The terrain of the reserve is primarily open grassland with seasonal riverlets. In the south-east region are clumps of the distinctive
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The total area under conservation in the Greater Maasai Mara ecosystem amounts to almost 1,510 km (580 sq mi).
1851:
1808:
1233:
2100:
1458:
1803:(Report). Wildlife and Development Series. Vol. 14. London: International Institute for Environment and Development.
760:. It is an important area for the threatened birds that call this area home for at least part of the year. These include:
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237:
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519:
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and the nocturnal bat-eared fox, rarely present elsewhere in Kenya, can be seen within the reserve borders.
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Large carnivores are found in the reserve. Lions are the most dominant and are found here in large numbers.
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1956:
1946:
1906:
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515:
821:
The Maasai Mara is a major research centre for the spotted hyena. With two field offices in the Mara, the
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by 67%, attributed to the increased number of livestock grazing in the park and an increase in poaching.
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Maasai Mara is one of the wildlife conservation and wilderness areas in Africa, with its populations of
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465:
2007:
1966:
1941:
1936:
1916:
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625:
605:
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of the current area, including the Mara Triangle. The area was extended to the east in 1961 to cover
252:
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2002:
1986:
1981:
1921:
1056:
1436:
2136:
2037:
2022:
508:
198:
1306:
2072:
1926:
1886:
1881:
1502:
925:
716:
668:
2179:
2057:
2012:
1971:
1951:
1126:
793:
613:
263:
When Maasai Mara was originally established in 1961 as a wildlife sanctuary, it covered only
229:
1661:
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basin management plan between Kenya and Tanzania was completed for the river to sustain the
247:
The Greater Mara ecosystem encompasses areas known as the Maasai Mara National Reserve, the
1976:
1535:
830:
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738:
651:
561:
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their native lands. Some of this was due to smallpox outbreaks among the people as well as
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82:
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8:
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692:
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1961:
1931:
1911:
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were monitored in the Maasai Mara on a monthly basis; the survey revealed a decline of
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1365:
379:
360:
233:
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part is managed Mara Conservancy, on behalf of the county, since the early 2000s.
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210:
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https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1567539&dswid=-2405
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1503:"Big Cat Live: BBC to film lions, cheetahs and leopards in Kenyan reserve"
375:, and hence it is the eastern regions which are most visited by tourists.
2082:
318:
1344:
1610:"The greatest Maasai Mara Photographer of the year winner announcement"
1485:
The sensitivity of the Maasai Mara Conservancy Model to external shocks
897:
522: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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951:
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834:
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1798:
Wildlife and People: Conflict and Conservation in Masai Mara, Kenya
1710:
954:. United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre.
885:
773:
712:
684:
291:
were removed from the reserve in 1976, and the park was reduced to
202:
1796:
Walpole, M.; Karanja, G.G.; Sitati, N.W.; Leader-Williams (2003).
889:
837:
and the basic needs of 1 million people who depend on its water.
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672:
372:
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management, human settlements, livestock movements and tourism.
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tree. The western border is the Esoit (Siria) Escarpment of the
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730:
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356:
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78:
213:, because of the short bushy trees which dot the landscape.
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A scene with scattered bushes, animals, cloud shadows, and
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security for the local community and tourist facilities.
413:/month; Temperature range: 12–30 °C (54–86 °F)
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1682:
1226:
1149:
1640:"Maasai Mara 2019 Photographer of the Year announced"
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340:
It is the northernmost section of the Mara-Serengeti
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
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796:, which is the national bird of Kenya. The resident
1558:"The Greatest Maasai Mara Photographer of the Year"
2185:Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets
1286:
284:was returned to local communities. An additional
2161:
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1214:
1311:Maasai Mara Wildlife Conservancies Association
741:. The plains are also home to the distinctive
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538:Learn how and when to remove this message
333:Sunrise over Maasai Mara National Reserve
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66:Location of Maasai Mara National Reserve
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1116:
1110:
1042:
16:National Reserve in Narok County, Kenya
2162:
1240:. The Mara Conservancy. Archived from
1084:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
945:
943:
941:
1840:
1465:from the original on 28 December 2011
1439:from the original on 23 December 2017
1137:from the original on 10 December 2019
1001:
40:Typical "spotted" Maasai Mara scenery
1568:from the original on 18 January 2022
1179:
520:adding citations to reliable sources
491:
251:, several Maasai group ranches, and
2175:Protected areas established in 1974
2151:Tana River Primate National Reserve
1721:from the original on 12 August 2019
1274:from the original on 12 August 2020
1131:University of Oregon, Doris.L.Payne
1127:"Maa Language,University of Oregon"
989:. Global Alliance of National Parks
970:
958:from the original on 2 January 2019
938:
139:1,510 km (580 sq mi)
58:
13:
1751:from the original on 24 March 2023
1317:from the original on 4 August 2020
363:, which is a system of rifts some
14:
2196:
1825:
1409:from the original on 2 March 2012
1202:from the original on 7 April 2020
803:
236:, which secured it as one of the
1697:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00536.x
1501:Holmwood, Leigh (17 July 2008).
1264:"The Story of the Mara Triangle"
851:
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478:
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57:
50:
34:
1703:
1676:
1654:
1632:
1602:
1580:
1550:
1528:
1494:
1477:
1451:
1421:
1395:
1359:
1256:
862:The BBC Television show titled
507:needs additional citations for
238:Seven Natural Wonders of Africa
205:. It is named in honour of the
1789:
485:East African cheetah with cubs
1:
1369:Hydrological Sciences Journal
931:
1381:10.1080/02626667.2013.853121
1307:"The Greater Mara Ecosystem"
1157:"The Greatest Show on Earth"
1085:Trillo, Richard (May 2016).
628:– are found all year round.
313:
306:outbreaks among the cattle.
181:and locally known simply as
24:Maasai Mara National Reserve
7:
1491:Retrieved 30 September 2021
1429:"Mara Meru Cheetah Project"
919:
816:
752:The area has been named an
416:
149:; 63 years ago
10:
2201:
1664:. The Greatest Maasai Mara
1590:. The Greatest Maasai Mara
1087:"The Rough Guide to Kenya"
1028:"Maasai Mara Game Reserve"
987:"Masai Mara National Park"
879:
855:
258:
2145:
2129:
2091:
1995:
1874:
950:Protected Planet (2018).
823:Michigan State University
450:Aerial view of a herd of
253:Maasai Mara conservancies
177:, also sometimes spelled
161:
143:
135:
98:
88:
74:
45:
33:
28:
23:
2170:Protected areas of Kenya
2146:Former national reserves
1059:. BirdLife International
725:can be found, including
454:following a few leading
240:, and as one of the ten
1868:National Parks of Kenya
1536:"Big Cat Live Episodes"
1403:"Mara Predator Project"
884:Between 1989 and 2003,
871:Photography competition
717:African clawless otters
669:African striped weasels
199:Serengeti National Park
1715:Mara Elelphant Project
1646:. 2019. Archived from
1616:. 2018. Archived from
926:Olare Orok Conservancy
829:A flow assessment and
334:
326:
197:, contiguous with the
185:, is a large national
168:, Mara Conservancy LTD
2092:Marine national parks
794:lilac-breasted roller
790:African pygmy-falcons
652:East African cheetahs
614:African bush elephant
332:
321:
230:African bush elephant
1588:"Competition Closed"
1459:"Cat News #41, 2004"
1341:The Mara Conservancy
1270:. 14 February 2017.
1161:The Mara Conservancy
831:trans-boundary river
693:side-striped jackals
665:black-backed jackals
516:improve this article
348:is to the west. The
242:Wonders of the World
232:. It also hosts the
120:1.49000°S 35.14389°E
83:Rift Valley Province
1820:on 18 January 2006.
1650:on 5 December 2019.
1483:Shreya Chakrabarti
786:long-crested eagles
754:Important Bird Area
390:/year in the west.
162:Governing body
116: /
2063:Ngare Ndare Forest
1773:. Mara Conservancy
1685:Journal of Zoology
1347:on 17 October 2010
1167:on 19 October 2010
1089:. Rough Guides Ltd
739:Coke's hartebeests
598:All members of the
562:Thomson's gazelles
335:
327:
125:-1.49000; 35.14389
2157:
2156:
1832:The Mara Triangle
1810:978-1-84369-416-8
1620:on 12 August 2019
1562:Angama Foundation
554:blue wildebeest,
548:
547:
540:
380:semi-arid climate
361:East African Rift
310:people in Kenya.
172:
171:
89:Nearest town
2192:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1821:
1819:
1813:. Archived from
1802:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1745:Mara Conservancy
1737:
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1414:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1375:(3−4): 801−819.
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1343:. Archived from
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1303:
1284:
1283:
1281:
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1260:
1254:
1253:
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1238:maratriangle.org
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1218:
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1196:Mara Conservancy
1188:
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1163:. Archived from
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983:
968:
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965:
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947:
727:Grant's gazelles
701:Striped polecats
689:African wildcats
656:canine distemper
599:
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2101:Kisite-Mpunguti
2093:
2087:
2033:Kakamega Forest
2018:Buffalo Springs
1991:
1870:
1865:
1828:
1817:
1811:
1800:
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1318:
1313:. 21 May 2017.
1305:
1304:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1244:on 7 March 2016
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1168:
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1002:
992:
990:
985:
984:
971:
961:
959:
948:
939:
934:
922:
900:by 76%, and of
894:common warthogs
882:
873:
864:"Big Cat Diary"
860:
854:
819:
806:
800:is endangered.
770:secretary birds
697:bat-eared foxes
640:Nile crocodiles
618:African buffalo
610:African leopard
597:
587:
585:
577:
575:
567:
565:
557:
555:
551:Blue wildebeest
544:
533:
527:
524:
513:
501:
490:
489:
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487:
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804:Administration
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778:crowned cranes
766:marabou storks
705:African civets
661:African wolves
648:Spotted hyenas
636:Hippopotamuses
592:Grant's zebras
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852:Big Cat Diary
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747:roan antelope
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715:species, and
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249:Mara Triangle
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207:Maasai people
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27:
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19:
2180:Narok County
2094:and reserves
2078:Shimba Hills
2047:
2043:Lake Bogoria
2028:Kerio Valley
1977:South Island
1902:Chyulu Hills
1815:the original
1775:. Retrieved
1771:"What We Do"
1765:
1753:. Retrieved
1744:
1741:"March 2020"
1735:
1723:. Retrieved
1714:
1705:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1656:
1648:the original
1643:
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1622:. Retrieved
1618:the original
1613:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1582:
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1561:
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1540:. Retrieved
1530:
1518:. Retrieved
1507:The Guardian
1506:
1496:
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1467:. Retrieved
1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1433:marameru.org
1432:
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1397:
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1361:
1349:. Retrieved
1345:the original
1340:
1331:
1319:. Retrieved
1310:
1276:. Retrieved
1267:
1258:
1246:. Retrieved
1242:the original
1237:
1228:
1223:, p. 17
1221:Walpole 2003
1216:
1204:. Retrieved
1195:
1169:. Retrieved
1165:the original
1160:
1151:
1139:. Retrieved
1130:
1111:Walpole 2003
1091:. Retrieved
1061:. Retrieved
1057:"Masai Mara"
1032:. Retrieved
991:. Retrieved
960:. Retrieved
952:"Masai Mara"
914:
910:
906:
883:
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751:
745:. The large
721:
645:
634:
630:
626:white rhinos
596:
549:
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528:October 2022
525:
514:Please help
509:verification
506:
406:; Rainfall:
392:
377:
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308:
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262:
246:
215:
187:game reserve
182:
178:
174:
173:
166:Narok County
18:
2130:Sanctuaries
2083:Witu Forest
2048:Maasai Mara
1967:Saiwa Swamp
1942:Mount Kenya
1937:Mount Elgon
1917:Lake Nakuru
1907:Hell's Gate
1790:Works cited
1691:(1): 1–14.
1443:22 December
1234:"Bird List"
1113:, p. X
896:by 80%, of
892:by 75%, of
393:Elevation:
175:Maasai Mara
144:Established
123: /
99:Coordinates
29:Maasai Mara
2164:Categories
2053:Mwaluganje
1987:Tsavo West
1982:Tsavo East
1922:Malka Mari
1413:1 February
1351:17 October
1337:"Research"
1171:17 October
932:References
898:hartebeest
711:, several
685:aardwolves
452:wildebeest
350:Mara River
346:escarpment
324:Mara River
304:rinderpest
179:Masai Mara
1725:12 August
1624:12 August
1515:0261-3077
1389:129652372
886:ungulates
835:ecosystem
782:ostriches
774:hornbills
723:Antelopes
378:It has a
342:ecosystem
314:Geography
298:in 1984.
111:35°8′38″E
108:1°29′24″S
2008:Bisanadi
1996:Reserves
1927:Marsabit
1887:Amboseli
1882:Aberdare
1777:28 April
1749:Archived
1719:Archived
1668:28 April
1594:28 April
1566:Archived
1542:28 April
1520:28 April
1469:23 March
1463:Archived
1437:Archived
1407:Archived
1315:Archived
1272:Archived
1200:Archived
1141:27 April
1135:Archived
1093:28 April
1063:28 April
1034:28 April
1030:. UNESCO
993:28 April
962:6 August
956:Archived
920:See also
890:giraffes
817:Research
792:and the
762:vultures
713:mongoose
673:caracals
602:Big Five
417:Wildlife
322:View of
203:Tanzania
183:The Mara
75:Location
2116:Mombasa
2111:Malindi
2068:Samburu
2003:Arawale
1972:Sibiloi
1952:Nairobi
1572:17 June
1487:(2021)
1248:16 June
1206:7 April
880:Threats
758:raptors
735:duikers
731:impalas
677:servals
373:Nairobi
259:History
226:cheetah
222:leopard
152: (
2121:Watamu
2106:Kiunga
2023:Dodori
1807:
1513:
1387:
1268:Angama
902:impala
709:genets
584:, and
471:Zebras
456:zebras
357:acacia
2073:Shaba
1818:(PDF)
1801:(PDF)
1755:4 May
1614:Nomad
1538:. BBC
1385:S2CID
1321:4 May
1278:4 May
622:black
436:trees
195:Kenya
191:Narok
93:Narok
79:Kenya
2058:Mwea
2013:Boni
1962:Ruma
1932:Meru
1912:Kora
1805:ISBN
1779:2024
1757:2020
1727:2019
1670:2024
1626:2019
1596:2024
1574:2020
1544:2024
1522:2024
1511:ISSN
1471:2014
1445:2017
1415:2012
1353:2010
1323:2020
1280:2020
1250:2020
1208:2020
1173:2010
1143:2024
1095:2024
1065:2024
1036:2024
995:2024
964:2015
737:and
638:and
624:and
606:lion
604:" –
572:topi
400:2180
395:1500
385:1200
365:5600
293:1510
272:1821
228:and
218:lion
154:1961
147:1961
136:Area
1693:doi
1689:278
1377:doi
699:,
588:000
586:200
578:000
568:000
558:000
556:500
518:by
295:km²
288:km²
286:162
281:km²
279:159
274:km²
267:km²
265:520
201:in
189:in
2166::
1747:.
1743:.
1717:.
1713:.
1687:.
1642:.
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1560:.
1509:.
1505:.
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1435:.
1431:.
1405:.
1383:.
1373:59
1371:.
1339:.
1309:.
1288:^
1266:.
1236:.
1198:.
1194:.
1181:^
1159:.
1133:.
1129:.
1118:^
1103:^
1073:^
1044:^
1003:^
972:^
940:^
788:,
784:,
780:,
776:,
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768:,
764:,
733:,
729:,
719:.
707:,
703:,
695:,
691:,
687:,
683:,
679:,
675:,
671:,
667:,
663:,
620:,
616:,
612:,
608:,
594:.
576:18
574:,
566:97
564:,
410:mm
408:83
387:mm
367:km
255:.
244:.
224:,
220:,
193:,
81:,
1860:e
1853:t
1846:v
1781:.
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1729:.
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1145:.
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1067:.
1038:.
997:.
966:.
600:"
541:)
535:(
530:)
526:(
512:.
403:m
397:-
156:)
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