512:
527:, rates of disease were so high that infection was felt to be "as inevitable as death and taxes." Reported cases of measles in the United States fell from hundreds of thousands to tens of thousands per year following introduction of the vaccine in 1963. Increasing uptake of the vaccine following outbreaks in 1971, and 1977, brought this down to thousands of cases per year in the 1980s. An outbreak of almost 30,000 cases in 1990 led to a renewed push for vaccination and the addition of a second vaccine to the recommended schedule. Fewer than 200 cases have been reported in the US each year between 1997 and 2013, and the disease is no longer considered endemic there.
828:
1058:
572:
817:
6415:
66:
6455:
6443:
488:
401:. The first dose is generally given to children around 9 months to 15 months of age, with a second dose at 15 months to 6 years of age, with at least four weeks between the doses. After two doses, 97% of people are protected against measles, 88% against mumps, and at least 97% against rubella. The vaccine is also recommended for those who do not have evidence of
556:. This individual returned to a community with many unvaccinated children. The resulting outbreak infected 34 people, mostly children and virtually all unvaccinated; 9% were hospitalized, and the cost of containing the outbreak was estimated at $ 167,685. A major epidemic was averted due to high rates of vaccination in the surrounding communities.
417:
has decreased to 122,000 deaths per year as of 2012, mostly in low-income countries. Through vaccination, as of 2018, rates of measles in North and South
America are very low. Rates of disease have been seen to increase in populations that go unvaccinated. Between 2000 and 2018, vaccination decreased measles deaths by 73%.
636:, the first dose typically at twelve months of age. The second dose may be given as early as one month after the first dose. The second dose is a dose to produce immunity in the small number of persons (2–5%) who fail to develop measles immunity after the first dose. In the US it is done before entry to
502:
The combined MMR vaccine induces immunity less painfully than three separate injections at the same time, and sooner and more efficiently than three injections given on different dates. Public Health
England reports that providing a single combined vaccine as of 1988, rather than giving the option to
724:
rash and an increased tendency to bleed that resolves within two months in children), occurring in 1 to 20,000 cases. Approximately 1 in 40,000 children are thought to acquire ITP in the six weeks following an MMR vaccination. ITP below the age of six years is generally a mild disease, rarely having
551:
in many areas of the world. Although it was declared eliminated from the US in 2000, high rates of vaccination and good communication with people who refuse vaccination are needed to prevent outbreaks and sustain the elimination of measles in the US. Of the 66 cases of measles reported in the US in
416:
The MMR vaccine is widely used around the world. Worldwide over 500 million doses were administered between 1999 and 2004, and 575 million doses have been administered since the vaccine's introduction worldwide. Measles resulted in 2.6 million deaths per year before immunization became common. This
803:
Administering the vaccines in three separate doses does not reduce the chance of adverse effects, and it increases the opportunity for infection by the two diseases not immunized against first. Health experts have criticized media reporting of the MMR-autism controversy for triggering a decline in
1031:
In a 2012 study pediatricians and family doctors were sent a survey to gauge their awareness of the increased risk of febrile seizures (fever fits) in the MMRV. 74% of family doctors and 29% of pediatricians were unaware of the increased risk of febrile seizures. After reading an informational
683:, with permission to also add "difficulty walking" to the package inserts. A 2012 IOM report found that the measles component of the MMR vaccine can cause measles inclusion body encephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. This report also rejected any connection between the MMR vaccine and
498:
concluded that the "Existing evidence on the safety and effectiveness of MMR and MMRV vaccine supports current policies of mass immunisation aimed at global measles eradication in order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with measles mumps rubella and varicella."
804:
vaccination rates. Before publication of
Wakefield's article, the inoculation rate for MMR in the UK was 92%; after publication, the rate dropped to below 80%. In 1998, there were 56 measles cases in the UK; by 2008, there were 1348 cases, with two confirmed deaths.
807:
In Japan, the MMR triplet is not used. Immunity is achieved by a combination vaccine for measles and rubella, followed up later with a mumps only vaccine. This has had no effect on autism rates in the country, further disproving the MMR autism hypothesis.
1032:
statement only 7% of family doctors and 20% of pediatricians would recommend the MMRV for a healthy 12- to 15-month-old child. The factor that was reported as the "most important" deciding factor in recommending the MMRV over the MMR+V was
530:
The benefit of measles vaccination in preventing illness, disability, and death has been well documented. The first 20 years of licensed measles vaccination in the US prevented an estimated 52 million cases of the disease, 17,400 cases of
436:. The vaccine is safe to give at the same time as other vaccines. Being recently immunized does not increase the risk of passing measles, mumps, or rubella on to others. There is no evidence of an association between MMR immunisation and
2468:
Vesikari T, Sadzot-Delvaux C, Rentier B, Gershon A (July 2007). "Increasing coverage and efficiency of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and introducing universal varicella vaccination in Europe: a role for the combined vaccine".
1483:"Measles, mumps, and rubella--vaccine use and strategies for elimination of measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome and control of mumps: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)"
543:
led to improvements in measles vaccination coverage that averted an estimated 1.4 million measles deaths worldwide. Between 2000 and 2018, measles vaccination resulted in a 73% decrease in deaths from the disease.
1027:
of 9 per 10,000 vaccinations with MMRV, as opposed to 4 per 10,000 for separate MMR and varicella shots; US health officials therefore do not express a preference for use of MMRV vaccine over separate injections.
4235:
1995:
559:
In 2017, an outbreak of measles occurred among the Somali-American community in
Minnesota, where MMR vaccination rates had declined due to the misconception that the vaccine could cause autism. The US
2746:
694:
The number of reports on neurological disorders is very small, other than evidence for an association between a form of the MMR vaccine containing the Urabe mumps strain and rare adverse events of
3200:
706:
mumps strain instead. The Urabe strain remains in use in a number of countries; MMR with the Urabe strain is much cheaper to manufacture than with the Jeryl Lynn strain, and a strain with higher
713:
A Cochrane review found that, compared with placebo, MMR vaccine was associated with fewer upper respiratory tract infections, more irritability, and a similar number of other adverse effects.
3975:
Young ML, Dickstein B, Weibel RE, Stokes J, Buynak EB, Hilleman MR (November 1967). "Experiences with Jeryl Lynn strain live attenuated mumps virus vaccine in a pediatric outpatient clinic".
3577:"Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and autistic spectrum disorder: report from the New Challenges in Childhood Immunizations Conference convened in Oak Brook, Illinois, June 12-13, 2000"
269:
3719:
1180:
1240:
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because that is a convenient time. Areas where measles is common typically recommend the first dose at nine months of age and the second dose at fifteen months of age.
4224:
3222:
The
Editors of The Lancet (February 2010). "Retraction—Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children".
2776:
3337:
1987:
2790:
2185:
Bloch AB, Orenstein WA, Stetler HC, Wassilak SG, Amler RW, Bart KJ, et al. (October 1985). "Health impact of measles vaccination in the United States".
1023:(chickenpox) vaccine, has been proposed as a replacement for the MMR vaccine to simplify administration of the vaccines. Preliminary data indicate a rate of
224:
4184:
O'Leary ST, Suh CA, Marin M (November 2012). "Febrile seizures and measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine: what do primary care physicians think?".
753:
or other disorders acquired soon after administration of MMR vaccine, while supporting a competing vaccine. In 2010, Wakefield's research was found by the
3191:
1459:
1113:. This has caused reduced take-up among some communities, despite the fact that alternative vaccines without pig derivatives are approved and available.
3786:
Wellington K, Goa KL (2003). "Measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (Priorix; GSK-MMR): a review of its use in the prevention of measles, mumps and rubella".
2661:
Schattner A (June 2005). "Consequence or coincidence? The occurrence, pathogenesis and significance of autoimmune manifestations after viral vaccines".
2633:
4543:
4271:
360:
3943:
5593:
2512:
3907:
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eggs. This produced strains of virus which were adapted for chicken cells and less well-suited for human cells. These strains are therefore called
6352:
1962:
4741:
4088:"Application of a fast and cost-effective 'three-in-one' MMR ELISA as a tool for surveying anti-MMR humoral immunity: the Hungarian experience"
3296:
4630:
3297:"General Medical Council, Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing, 24 May 2010, Andrew Wakefield, Determination of Serious Professional Misconduct"
1541:
136:
4781:
4776:
4137:"Update: recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding administration of combination MMRV vaccine"
2898:
1272:
1033:
1705:
702:
stopped using the Urabe mumps strain in the early 1990s due to cases of transient mild viral meningitis, and switched to a form using the
3432:
3173:
1668:
784:
Since
Wakefield's publication, multiple peer-reviewed studies have failed to show any association between the vaccine and autism. The US
6495:
4492:
4441:
4022:
3466:
3436:
2516:
2149:
1701:
1349:
1172:
1150:
785:
560:
994:(GSK) MMR vaccine known as Pluserix "contains the Schwarz measles virus, the Jeryl Lynn–like mumps strain, and RA27/3 rubella virus".
3550:
3470:
2371:
1353:
710:
along with a somewhat higher rate of mild side effects may still have the advantage of reduced incidence of overall adverse events.
4398:
4134:
2163:
467:
had been previously licensed in 1963, 1967, and 1969, respectively. Recommendations for a second dose were introduced in 1989. The
5820:
6345:
5173:
4026:
4962:
2404:
1232:
1202:
4791:
768:
3733:
Honda H, Shimizu Y, Rutter M (June 2005). "No effect of MMR withdrawal on the incidence of autism: a total population study".
1088:
This is a vaccine that covers measles and rubella but not mumps. As of 2014, it was used in a "few (unidentified) countries".
5644:
5572:
3515:
3406:
2884:
2835:
2437:
1624:
2443:
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3684:
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676:
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5210:
4967:
4893:
4746:
3329:
4573:
4159:
2304:
2117:
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1590:
1505:
582:, also known as German measles, was also very common before widespread vaccination. The major risk of rubella is during
5620:
4932:
4565:
4449:
3142:
2157:
1921:
367:
6359:
5032:
4387:
4354:
4321:
4065:
3707:
3610:
Leitch R, Halsey N, Hyman SL (January 2002). "MMR--Separate administration-has it been done?". Letter to the editor.
3359:
Godlee F, Smith J, Marcovitch H (January 2011). "Wakefield's article linking MMR vaccine and autism was fraudulent".
2800:
1144:
4135:
Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) (March 2008).
864:
The rubella component, Meruvax, was developed in 1967, through propagation using the human embryonic lung cell line
428:
occur in about one in a million people. Because it contains live viruses, the MMR vaccine is not recommended during
6366:
5661:
5599:
4574:
1452:"Core Concepts – Immunizations in Adults – Basic HIV Primary Care – National HIV CurriculumImmunizations in Adults"
187:
6383:
6292:
5220:
5188:
5183:
5017:
2968:"Commentary: Ongoing debate over the safety of the different mumps vaccine strains impacts mumps disease control"
1843:
Spencer JP, Trondsen
Pawlowski RH, Thomas S (June 2017). "Vaccine Adverse Events: Separating Myth from Reality".
717:
552:
2005, slightly over half were attributable to one unvaccinated individual who acquired measles during a visit to
254:
168:
1407:
World Health
Organization (January 2019). "Measles vaccines: WHO position paper, April 2017 - Recommendations".
6338:
5278:
4888:
4424:
4408:
1041:
1001:
MMR II product. GSK Priorix vaccine, which uses attenuated
Schwarz Measles, was introduced in Hungary in 2003.
146:
2592:
2233:"Implications of a 2005 measles outbreak in Indiana for sustained elimination of measles in the United States"
1451:
420:
Side effects of immunization are generally mild and resolve without any specific treatment. These may include
6475:
5700:
5076:
4786:
4475:
4459:
4416:
3914:
3821:
Plotkin SA, Vaheri A (May 1967). "Human fibroblasts infected with rubella virus produce a growth inhibitor".
4261:
3107:"Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children"
997:
Pluserix was introduced in Hungary in 1999. Enders' Edmonston strain has been used since 1999 in Hungary in
4467:
3950:
2795:
2520:
793:
651:, rarely serious, may occur from each component of the MMR vaccine. Ten percent of children develop fever,
34:
5880:
4533:
4262:"'Monkey, Rat and Pig DNA': How Misinformation Is Driving the Measles Outbreak Among Ultra-Orthodox Jews"
1203:"M-M-R II- measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine live injection, powder, lyophilized, for suspension"
775:, and was barred from practising medicine in the UK. The research was declared fraudulent in 2011 by the
587:
409:, and within 72 hours of exposure to measles among those who are incompletely immunized. It is given by
6433:
5198:
4640:
4623:
6057:
5248:
4369:
4336:
4303:
1662:
1267:
1173:"Measles virus vaccine / mumps virus vaccine / rubella virus vaccine (M-M-R II) Use During Pregnancy"
536:
30:
4516:
4500:
3747:
3303:
1951:
835:
The component viral strains of MMR vaccine were developed by propagation in animal and human cells.
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6287:
6061:
5944:
5840:
5830:
5730:
5203:
5168:
5163:
5158:
4537:
3497:
2868:
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838:
For example, in the case of mumps and measles viruses, the virus strains were grown in embryonated
612:
that was once very common, especially during childhood. If mumps is acquired by a male who is past
425:
4508:
1533:
5825:
5649:
5582:
5563:
5359:
5331:
5293:
5288:
5268:
4796:
3872:
Hayflick L, Moorhead PS (December 1961). "The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains".
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797:
777:
754:
746:
699:
532:
495:
118:
4435:
4086:
Böröcz K, Csizmadia Z, Markovics Á, Farkas N, Najbauer J, Berki T, et al. (February 2020).
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1262:
6485:
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5870:
5630:
5559:
4558:
3742:
3105:
Wakefield AJ, Murch SH, Anthony A, Linnell J, Casson DM, Malik M, et al. (February 1998).
1697:
1110:
844:
734:
633:
548:
3440:
2231:
Parker AA, Staggs W, Dayan GH, Ortega-Sánchez IR, Rota PA, Lowe L, et al. (August 2006).
1657:
6388:
5815:
5625:
5459:
5454:
4910:
4856:
4766:
4231:
2329:
Hall V, Banerjee E, Kenyon C, Strain A, Griffith J, Como-Sabetti K, et al. (July 2017).
987:) and contains live viruses. Before injection it is reconstituted with the solvent provided.
789:
648:
331:
1952:"Information Sheet Observed Rate of Vaccine Reactions, Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccines"
1134:
5740:
5508:
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410:
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8:
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5431:
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4666:
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2330:
1345:
963:
680:
322:
6052:
5101:
4846:
3834:
1875:
Goodson JL, Seward JF (December 2015). "Measles 50 Years After Use of Measles Vaccine".
1071:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
800:
and the Cochrane Library review have all concluded that there is no evidence of a link.
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lasting 18 days on average. Older women appear to be more at risk of joint pain, acute
402:
198:
4018:
3235:
3161:
3122:
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5587:
5554:
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4661:
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4383:
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4151:
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3885:
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3656:
3627:
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3073:
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2989:
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2841:
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2486:
2433:
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2202:
2153:
2068:
2034:
2030:
1892:
1852:
1822:
1771:
1582:
1497:
1436:
1424:
1389:
1314:
1140:
771:, with a statement identifying deliberate falsification in the research published in
295:
282:
160:
5835:
5533:
4004:
3858:
3772:
3388:
3251:
2952:
2498:
2266:
1740:
Di Pietrantonj C, Rivetti A, Marchione P, Debalini MG, Demicheli V (November 2021).
667:
is an extremely rare but serious allergic reaction to the vaccine. One cause can be
6505:
6490:
6418:
6243:
6131:
5513:
5498:
5354:
5215:
5128:
4373:
4340:
4307:
4193:
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3881:
3838:
3795:
3752:
3648:
3619:
3588:
3501:
3368:
3231:
3157:
3118:
3077:
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3020:
2979:
2932:
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2823:
2758:
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2709:
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2615:
2607:
2563:
2555:
2478:
2353:
2345:
2244:
2214:
2194:
2026:
1988:"Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR): use of combined vaccine instead of single vaccines"
1884:
1812:
1802:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1416:
1381:
1306:
1024:
976:
The term "MPR vaccine" is also used to refer to this vaccine, whereas "P" refer to
869:
820:
740:
448:
441:
237:
5054:
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3410:
3138:
2674:
1420:
827:
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5081:
4972:
4952:
4922:
4905:
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4821:
4751:
4690:
4686:
4635:
4486:
3842:
2482:
2427:
991:
750:
575:
Rubella rates fell sharply in the United States when immunization was introduced.
464:
456:
437:
103:
81:
5810:
5805:
5800:
4300:
The immunological basis for immunization series: module 7: measles (update 2009)
3676:
3266:
2865:
Adverse Events Associated with Childhood Vaccines: Evidence Bearing on Causality
2279:
2100:
2051:
1565:
6500:
6459:
6307:
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6218:
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5273:
5233:
5113:
4939:
4878:
3939:
1310:
998:
984:
452:
4103:
2814:
Institute of Medicine (2012). Stratton K, Ford A, Rusch E, Clayton EW (eds.).
2713:
1888:
831:
Two workers make openings in chicken eggs in preparation for a measles vaccine
571:
6469:
6302:
6223:
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5885:
5790:
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5488:
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5000:
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2102:
2053:
1567:
1482:
890:
516:
460:
433:
93:
4900:
3106:
2559:
1910:
57:
6312:
6297:
6248:
6017:
5686:
5615:
5258:
5153:
5086:
5027:
4707:
4598:
4578:
4205:
4155:
4121:
3893:
3807:
3764:
3660:
3652:
3631:
3623:
3602:
3593:
3576:
3525:
3380:
3243:
3169:
3091:
3042:
2993:
2984:
2967:
2923:
Colville A, Pugh S, Miller E (June 1994). "Withdrawal of a mumps vaccine".
2894:
2845:
2772:
2731:
2682:
2611:
2577:
2490:
2367:
2349:
2300:
2258:
2038:
1911:"Measles: information about the disease and vaccines Questions and Answers"
1896:
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1826:
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1016:
1010:
637:
468:
232:
3996:
3988:
3850:
3130:
3024:
2944:
2629:
2206:
2198:
2072:
1501:
1346:"Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Vaccination: What Everyone Should Know"
675:
approved two additional possible adverse events on the vaccination label:
6261:
6238:
5910:
5402:
5392:
5059:
4947:
4915:
4841:
4703:
4594:
4586:
2620:
2249:
2232:
668:
664:
621:
154:
3575:
Halsey NA, Hyman SL, et al. (Conference Writing Panel) (May 2001).
1807:
1385:
816:
691:
and therefore should not be used in people allergic to this antibiotic.
6317:
6266:
6174:
6126:
5940:
5930:
5925:
5915:
5795:
5528:
5503:
5193:
5143:
4378:
4345:
4312:
3192:"GMC brands Dr Andrew Wakefield 'dishonest, irresponsible and callous'"
2936:
941:
928:
759:
703:
656:
591:
511:
476:
472:
342:
3639:
Miller E (January 2002). "MMR vaccine: review of benefits and risks".
3372:
1739:
6400:
6184:
6164:
6121:
6116:
6096:
6091:
6032:
6002:
5982:
5935:
5920:
5905:
5577:
5148:
5021:
4590:
2698:"MMR immunisation. True anaphylaxis to MMR vaccine is extremely rare"
1020:
977:
953:
902:
854:
660:
583:
429:
140:
2467:
2397:"Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine and Immunization Information"
6169:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6106:
6042:
6037:
6012:
5992:
5977:
5972:
5875:
5419:
5412:
5407:
5377:
5133:
5069:
5064:
4366:
The immunological basis for immunization series: module 11: rubella
3506:
2827:
967:
923:
721:
707:
688:
655:, and a rash 5–21 days after the first vaccination; and 3% develop
617:
406:
182:
3735:
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
2876:
2280:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (December 2006).
1481:
Watson JC, Hadler SC, Dykewicz CA, Reef S, Phillips L (May 1998).
6139:
6101:
6083:
6047:
6007:
5987:
5967:
5709:
5138:
4582:
4333:
The immunological basis for immunization series: module 16: mumps
4019:"About the Vaccine – MMR and MMRV Vaccine Composition and Dosage"
2052:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (October 1994).
1742:"Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children"
1698:"MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) Vaccine Information Statement"
1102:
936:
897:
839:
652:
613:
609:
579:
553:
524:
503:
have them also done separately, increased uptake of the vaccine.
394:
386:
382:
86:
1791:"The Anti-vaccination Movement: A Regression in Modern Medicine"
6179:
6027:
6022:
5997:
5765:
5745:
5441:
5426:
4717:
2230:
2143:
1842:
1566:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (March 2006).
858:
684:
540:
4085:
2101:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (July 2009).
1044:
recommendations (pediatricians, 77%; family physicians, 73%).
65:
5436:
5321:
4927:
4861:
2184:
949:
918:
865:
606:
602:
563:
recorded 65 affected children in the outbreak by April 2017.
421:
390:
6454:
3104:
535:, and 5,200 deaths. During 1999–2004, a strategy led by the
6189:
4736:
4488:
Manual for the surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases
4437:
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
2145:
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
1037:
519:
fell drastically after introduction of the measles vaccine.
3974:
2017:
Babbott FL, Gordon JE (September 1954). "Modern measles".
749:
about twelve children, reportedly with bowel symptoms and
487:
4363:
4330:
4297:
3221:
1652:
1650:
1406:
1106:
672:
479:, without coverage for mumps, is also occasionally used.
2590:
2328:
2103:"Summary of Notifiable Diseases --- United States, 2007"
1480:
1233:"Priorix- measels, mumps, and rubella vaccine, live kit"
3944:"MUMPSVAX (Mumps Virus Vaccine Live) Jeryl Lynn Strain"
3932:
3404:
1568:"Progress in reducing global measles deaths, 1999-2004"
946:
Wistar RA 27/3 strain of live attenuated rubella virus
5678:
3058:"MMR vaccine and idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura"
1788:
1647:
687:. Some versions of the vaccine contain the antibiotic
6431:
3491:
3358:
3330:"MMR row doctor Andrew Wakefield struck off register"
2858:
2813:
2054:"Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 1993"
1372:"Measles vaccines: WHO position paper – April 2017".
4433:
3289:
2695:
2401:
National Network for Immunization Information (NNii)
2141:
424:, as well as pain or redness at the injection site.
51:
Combined vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella
4183:
3968:
3732:
3190:
2922:
2593:"Acute arthritis complicating rubella vaccination"
2541:
1789:Hussain A, Ali S, Ahmed M, Hussain S (July 2018).
1629:European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
1625:"Addressing misconceptions on measles vaccination"
1165:
763:fully retracted the paper. Three months following
5594:Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
3913:. Merck & Co. 2006. p. 1. Archived from
3609:
2432:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. p. 118.
6467:
4485:Roush SW, Baldy LM, Hall MA, eds. (March 2019).
4048:Reef SE, Plotkin SA (2018). "Rubella Vaccines".
3871:
2696:Carapetis JR, Curtis N, Royle J (October 2001).
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1561:
1559:
6353:GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v Commission
3708:"Paranoia strikes deep: MMR vaccine and autism"
3009:"Do childhood vaccines cause thrombocytopenia?"
2863:. In Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnston RB (eds.).
1946:
1944:
1942:
1255:
523:Before the widespread use of a vaccine against
330:
4484:
3006:
872:) that was derived six years earlier in 1961.
5694:
4559:
4434:Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, eds. (2015).
3820:
3785:
3321:
3055:
2965:
2591:Thompson GR, Ferreyra A, Brackett RG (1971).
2331:"Measles Outbreak - Minnesota April-May 2017"
2142:Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, eds. (2015).
2016:
1874:
1720:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1556:
990:According to a review published in 2018, the
716:Naturally acquired measles often occurs with
3779:
2738:
2656:
2654:
2019:The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
1939:
1367:
1365:
1363:
728:
186:
4364:World Health Organization (December 2008).
4331:World Health Organization (November 2010).
4144:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
4081:
4079:
4077:
4047:
3574:
3327:
2918:
2916:
2505:
2463:
2461:
2429:Male infertility: a guide for the clinician
2338:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
2289:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
2061:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
1877:Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
1870:
1868:
1866:
1746:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1575:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
1528:
1526:
309:In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
15:
5701:
5687:
4566:
4552:
4493:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4442:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4298:World Health Organization (January 2009).
4023:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3540:"MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine"
3467:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3437:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2544:"10-minute consultation: MMR immunisation"
2517:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2150:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1838:
1836:
1702:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1683:
1538:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1350:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
786:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
561:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
64:
16:
4536:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
4377:
4344:
4311:
4111:
4041:
3938:
3746:
3592:
3505:
3302:. General Medical Council. Archived from
3081:
3056:Black C, Kaye JA, Jick H (January 2003).
3032:
2983:
2762:
2721:
2660:
2651:
2619:
2567:
2357:
2248:
2226:
2224:
1816:
1806:
1765:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1360:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1299:Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases
1292:
1290:
1132:
1019:, a combined measles, mumps, rubella and
958:MEM (solution containing buffered salts,
767:retraction, Wakefield was struck off the
4074:
3062:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
2913:
2471:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
2458:
1863:
1523:
1474:
826:
815:
570:
510:
486:
24:This is an accepted version of this page
6346:Christopher v. SmithKline Beecham Corp.
4440:(13th ed.). Washington D.C.: U.S.
4400:Immunisation against infectious disease
4128:
3433:"Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine"
3264:
3188:
2751:The British Journal of General Practice
2744:
2425:
2148:(13th ed.). Washington D.C.: U.S.
1833:
983:Merck MMR II is supplied freeze-dried (
663:, and even (rarely) chronic arthritis.
616:, a possible complication is bilateral
451:. It was licensed for use in the US by
440:. The MMR vaccine is a mixture of live
159:
14:
6468:
4396:
4219:
4217:
4215:
3705:
3638:
3463:"Autism and Vaccines - Vaccine Safety"
3400:
3398:
3145:from the original on 27 September 2007
3007:Sauvé LJ, Scheifele D (January 2009).
2966:Fullerton KE, Reef SE (October 2002).
2542:Harnden A, Shakespeare J (July 2001).
2221:
1635:from the original on 11 September 2018
1608:
1449:
1325:
1287:
1091:
301:
276:
5821:Recherche et Industrie Thérapeutiques
5682:
4547:
4425:"Rubella: the green book, chapter 28"
4409:"Measles: the green book, chapter 21"
4259:
3553:from the original on 28 November 2022
3473:from the original on 28 November 2022
3439:(CDC). 24 August 2018. Archived from
2972:International Journal of Epidemiology
2639:from the original on 25 November 2011
2407:from the original on 28 November 2022
2166:from the original on 30 December 2016
1968:from the original on 27 December 2021
1927:from the original on 28 November 2022
1708:from the original on 3 September 2018
1671:from the original on 28 November 2022
1544:from the original on 28 December 2021
1462:from the original on 2 September 2018
1183:from the original on 12 November 2020
1128:
1126:
1096:
698:, a form of viral meningitis. The UK
632:The MMR vaccine is administered by a
289:
177:
145:
4165:from the original on 19 October 2020
3277:from the original on 3 November 2021
3203:from the original on 12 January 2022
2310:from the original on 26 January 2021
2123:from the original on 24 October 2020
2082:from the original on 24 October 2020
1511:from the original on 30 October 2019
1051:
907:Enders' attenuated Edmonston strain
849:. They are sometimes referred to as
677:acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
236:
5736:GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd
4417:"Mumps: the green book, chapter 23"
4212:
4029:from the original on 6 October 2021
3395:
2901:from the original on 24 August 2015
2513:"MMR vaccine questions and answers"
2237:The New England Journal of Medicine
1374:Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire
1356:from the original on 26 April 2020.
123:M-M-R II, Priorix, Tresivac, others
48:
6496:Drugs developed by Merck & Co.
5621:Eradication of infectious diseases
5378:Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
4290:
4274:from the original on 14 April 2019
4241:from the original on 14 April 2019
4058:10.1016/B978-0-323-35761-6.00052-3
3722:from the original on 9 April 2015.
3267:"Lancet accepts MMR study 'false'"
2446:from the original on 17 April 2021
2377:from the original on 2 August 2020
1153:from the original on 17 April 2021
1123:
620:, which can in some cases lead to
49:
6517:
6360:United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.
5211:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
4527:
3677:"Doctors issue plea over MMR jab"
3328:Meikle J, Sarah B (24 May 2010).
2747:"Egg allergy and MMR vaccination"
1998:from the original on 12 July 2018
1596:from the original on 5 March 2021
1490:MMWR. Recommendations and Reports
1297:"Maurice R. Hilleman, PhD, DSc".
1275:from the original on 6 April 2020
1243:from the original on 20 June 2022
1213:from the original on 6 April 2020
627:
447:The MMR vaccine was developed by
397:(German measles), abbreviated as
263:
209:
6453:
6441:
6414:
6413:
6367:United States v. GlaxoSmithKline
5600:Alternative vaccination schedule
4575:Artificial induction of immunity
3800:10.2165/00003495-200363190-00012
3757:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01425.x
3687:from the original on 7 July 2018
3571:MMR vs three separate vaccines:
3405:National Health Service (2004).
3340:from the original on 27 May 2010
3074:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01790.x
2031:10.1097/00000441-195409000-00013
1136:Vaccines: Are they Worth a Shot?
1056:
6384:Drug Industry Documents Archive
4253:
4225:"Vaccines and porcine gelatine"
4177:
4011:
3900:
3865:
3814:
3726:
3699:
3669:
3565:
3532:
3485:
3455:
3425:
3352:
3258:
3215:
3182:
3098:
3049:
3000:
2959:
2852:
2807:
2783:
2689:
2584:
2535:
2419:
2389:
2322:
2273:
2178:
2135:
2094:
2045:
2010:
1980:
1903:
1782:
1443:
1101:Some brands of the vaccine use
1004:
853:because these strains are less
823:, who developed the MMR vaccine
718:immune thrombocytopenic purpura
6339:Canada v. GlaxoSmithKline Inc.
5432:Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)
3492:Institute of Medicine (2004).
3013:Paediatrics & Child Health
2925:European Journal of Pediatrics
2859:Institute of Medicine (1994).
2745:Fox A, Lack G (October 2003).
2282:"Measles--United States, 2005"
1758:10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub5
1400:
1225:
1195:
757:to have been "dishonest", and
590:, which can cause significant
515:Measles cases reported in the
482:
13:
1:
4968:Group B streptococcal disease
4787:Vaccines for Children Program
4534:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
4198:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.075
3265:Triggle N (2 February 2010).
3236:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60175-4
3189:Jardine C (29 January 2010).
3162:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60175-4
3123:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0
2675:10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.03.005
1918:Immunization Action Coalition
1421:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.066
1116:
1047:
405:, those with well-controlled
4397:Ramsay M, ed. (April 2013).
3886:10.1016/0014-4827(61)90192-6
3843:10.1126/science.156.3775.659
2861:"Measles and mumps vaccines"
2796:Food and Drug Administration
2483:10.1097/INF.0b013e3180616c8f
2110:MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep
794:National Academy of Sciences
747:published a fraudulent paper
7:
2897:. Bookshelf ID: NBK236291.
2816:Adverse Effects of Vaccines
2791:"Approval for label change"
2519:(CDC). 2004. Archived from
1534:"Administering MMR Vaccine"
1380:(17): 205–227. April 2017.
586:when the baby may contract
438:autistic spectrum disorders
10:
6522:
6481:Drugs developed by GSK plc
4092:Epidemiology and Infection
3949:. Merck Co. Archived from
3874:Experimental Cell Research
3494:Immunization Safety Review
2848:. Bookshelf ID: NBK190024.
1311:10.1053/j.spid.2005.05.002
1008:
980:which is caused by mumps.
910:chick embryo cell culture
811:
732:
566:
506:
475:, may be used instead. An
6409:
6376:
6330:
6280:
6209:
6202:
6076:
5955:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5841:Smith, Kline & French
5776:
5760:
5723:
5716:
5639:
5608:
5547:
5479:
5370:
5342:
5309:
4983:
4814:
4807:
4726:
4654:
4606:
4370:World Health Organization
4337:World Health Organization
4304:World Health Organization
4104:10.1017/S0950268819002280
4052:. pp. 970–1000.e18.
3908:"Attenuvax Product Sheet"
3528:. Bookshelf ID: NBK25344.
3367:(jan05 1, c7452): c7452.
2714:10.1136/bmj.323.7317.869a
1889:10.1016/j.idc.2015.08.001
1845:American Family Physician
1663:World Health Organization
1305:(3): 225–226. July 2005.
1268:European Medicines Agency
1065:This section needs to be
912:
909:
729:False claims about autism
643:
537:World Health Organization
426:Severe allergic reactions
357:
341:
321:
316:
253:
248:
223:
197:
167:
153:
135:
127:
117:
112:
102:
92:
80:
75:
63:
5831:S. E. Massengill Company
5731:GlaxoSmithKline Pakistan
4963:Clostridioides difficile
4538:Medical Subject Headings
4403:. Public Health England.
4260:Pager T (9 April 2019).
4025:(CDC). 26 January 2021.
3641:The Journal of Infection
3498:National Academies Press
2869:National Academies Press
2820:National Academies Press
2600:Arthritis and Rheumatism
1352:(CDC). 26 January 2021.
725:long-term consequences.
597:
31:latest accepted revision
5826:Reliant Pharmaceuticals
5708:
5221:Tick-borne encephalitis
3546:National Health Service
3469:(CDC). 24 August 2018.
3407:"MMR: myths and truths"
2560:10.1136/bmj.323.7303.32
1450:Kinney R (2 May 2017).
1139:. Springer. p. 2.
861:than the wild strains.
798:National Health Service
778:British Medical Journal
755:General Medical Council
700:National Health Service
533:intellectual disability
444:of the three diseases.
432:but may be given while
5631:List of vaccine topics
4631:Mathematical modelling
3653:10.1053/jinf.2001.0930
3624:10.1542/peds.109.1.172
3594:10.1542/peds.107.5.e84
2612:10.1002/art.1780140104
2350:10.15585/mmwr.mm6627a1
832:
824:
735:MMR vaccine and autism
634:subcutaneous injection
576:
520:
492:
6389:GlaxoSmithKline Prize
5816:Human Genome Sciences
5626:Vaccinate Your Family
5077:Japanese encephalitis
4517:"Chapter 14: Rubella"
4476:"Chapter 20: Rubella"
4460:"Chapter 13: Measles"
4232:Public Health England
3989:10.1542/peds.40.5.798
3156:(Retracted, see
2199:10.1542/peds.76.4.524
1271:. 17 September 2018.
830:
819:
790:Institute of Medicine
574:
514:
490:
455:in 1971. Stand-alone
6476:Combination vaccines
5786:Allen & Hanburys
5741:Stiefel Laboratories
5509:John Franklin Enders
4501:"Chapter 7: Measles"
3496:. Washington, D.C.:
3413:on 13 September 2008
2985:10.1093/ije/31.5.983
2818:. Washington, D.C.:
2250:10.1056/NEJMoa060775
2067:(53): i–xvii, 1–73.
1704:(CDC). August 2021.
1658:"Measles Fact Sheet"
1133:Grignolio A (2018).
471:, which also covers
4695:Virus-like particle
4619:Vaccine ingredients
4511:. 19 December 2023.
4491:. Atlanta GA: U.S.
4468:"Chapter 15: Mumps"
4411:. 31 December 2019.
3920:on 31 December 2009
3835:1967Sci...156..659P
3443:on 28 November 2022
3025:10.1093/pch/14.1.31
2803:on 3 February 2015.
2779:on 26 January 2013.
2426:Jequier AM (2000).
1808:10.7759/cureus.2919
1667:. 5 December 2019.
1540:. 26 January 2021.
1179:. 16 October 2019.
1092:Society and culture
964:human serum albumin
887:Propagation medium
769:UK medical register
681:transverse myelitis
285:(Prescription only)
272:(Prescription only)
60:
21:Page version status
6293:Silas M. Burroughs
5836:SmithKline Beecham
5801:Burroughs Wellcome
5666:Never to phase III
5465:Hexavalent vaccine
5279:Epstein–Barr virus
5174:Oxford–AstraZeneca
4867:NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135
4509:"Chapter 9: Mumps"
4267:The New York Times
4050:Plotkin's Vaccines
2937:10.1007/BF01983415
1263:"M-M-RVaxPro EPAR"
1097:Religious concerns
960:fetal bovine serum
881:Component vaccine
878:Disease immunized
833:
825:
696:aseptic meningitis
588:congenital rubella
577:
521:
493:
56:
27:
6429:
6428:
6326:
6325:
6198:
6197:
6072:
6071:
5772:
5771:
5676:
5675:
5588:Vaccines and SIDS
5475:
5474:
5249:Hepatitis A and B
5225:Varicella zoster
4687:Subunit/component
4519:. 22 August 2023.
4192:(48): 6731–6733.
3956:on 13 August 2006
3829:(3775): 659–661.
3712:Psychiatric Times
3706:Thomas J (2010).
3517:978-0-309-09237-1
3373:10.1136/bmj.c7452
3117:(9103): 637–641.
2886:978-0-309-07496-4
2837:978-0-309-21435-3
2669:(30): 3876–3886.
2439:978-0-632-05129-8
2403:. 22 April 2010.
2295:(50): 1348–1351.
1920:. November 2018.
1631:. 15 April 2014.
1086:
1085:
974:
973:
931:(B level) strain
649:Adverse reactions
375:
374:
305:
293:
280:
267:
213:
180:
18:
6513:
6458:
6457:
6446:
6445:
6444:
6437:
6417:
6416:
6244:Patrick Vallance
6207:
6206:
5936:Wellbutrin/Zyban
5861:
5860:
5854:
5853:
5721:
5720:
5703:
5696:
5689:
5680:
5679:
5567:MMR autism fraud
5514:Maurice Hilleman
5499:Hilary Koprowski
4812:
4811:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4545:
4544:
4520:
4512:
4504:
4496:
4479:
4471:
4463:
4455:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4404:
4393:
4381:
4360:
4348:
4327:
4315:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4240:
4229:
4221:
4210:
4209:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4164:
4141:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4115:
4083:
4072:
4071:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4015:
4009:
4008:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3955:
3948:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3919:
3912:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3750:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3683:. 26 June 2006.
3673:
3667:
3664:
3635:
3606:
3596:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3509:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3409:. Archived from
3402:
3393:
3392:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3309:on 9 August 2011
3308:
3301:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3194:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3175:Retraction Watch
3154:
3152:
3150:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3085:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3036:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2987:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2799:. Archived from
2787:
2781:
2780:
2775:. Archived from
2766:
2757:(495): 801–802.
2742:
2736:
2735:
2725:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2658:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2638:
2623:
2597:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2571:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2376:
2361:
2335:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2309:
2286:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2252:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2107:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2081:
2058:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1967:
1956:
1948:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1926:
1915:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1872:
1861:
1860:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1820:
1810:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1769:
1752:(11): CD004407.
1737:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1694:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1621:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1572:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1530:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1510:
1487:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1369:
1358:
1357:
1342:
1323:
1322:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1130:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1025:febrile seizures
952:human embryonic
875:
874:
870:Wistar Institute
821:Maurice Hilleman
741:Andrew Wakefield
465:rubella vaccines
449:Maurice Hilleman
442:weakened viruses
371:
370:
363:
334:
303:
300:
291:
288:
278:
275:
265:
262:
240:
211:
208:
190:
179:
176:
163:
149:
68:
61:
59:
55:
39:7 September 2024
6521:
6520:
6516:
6515:
6514:
6512:
6511:
6510:
6466:
6465:
6464:
6452:
6442:
6440:
6432:
6430:
6425:
6405:
6372:
6322:
6276:
6272:Laurie Glimcher
6239:Manvinder Banga
6234:Roy M. Anderson
6229:Simon Dingemans
6211:
6194:
6068:
5951:
5845:
5778:
5768:
5756:
5751:ViiV Healthcare
5712:
5707:
5677:
5672:
5671:
5656:Clinical trials
5635:
5604:
5543:
5519:Stanley Plotkin
5481:
5471:
5383:Cancer vaccines
5366:
5360:Schistosomiasis
5338:
5332:Trypanosomiasis
5305:
5269:Cytomegalovirus
5179:Pfizer–BioNTech
4979:
4803:
4752:Vaccine wastage
4722:
4650:
4602:
4572:
4530:
4525:
4515:
4507:
4499:
4478:. 29 July 2024.
4474:
4470:. 29 July 2024.
4466:
4462:. 10 July 2024.
4458:
4452:
4427:. 4 April 2013.
4423:
4419:. 4 April 2013.
4415:
4407:
4390:
4357:
4324:
4293:
4291:Further reading
4288:
4287:
4277:
4275:
4258:
4254:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4234:. August 2015.
4227:
4223:
4222:
4213:
4182:
4178:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4150:(10): 258–260.
4139:
4133:
4129:
4084:
4075:
4068:
4046:
4042:
4032:
4030:
4017:
4016:
4012:
3973:
3969:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3946:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3870:
3866:
3819:
3815:
3794:(19): 2107–26.
3784:
3780:
3748:10.1.1.579.1619
3731:
3727:
3704:
3700:
3690:
3688:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3570:
3566:
3556:
3554:
3549:. 4 July 2022.
3538:
3537:
3533:
3518:
3490:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3446:
3444:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3403:
3396:
3357:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3326:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3263:
3259:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3187:
3183:
3155:
3148:
3146:
3103:
3099:
3054:
3050:
3005:
3001:
2964:
2960:
2921:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2887:
2857:
2853:
2838:
2812:
2808:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2743:
2739:
2694:
2690:
2659:
2652:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2595:
2589:
2585:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2523:on 25 July 2008
2511:
2510:
2506:
2466:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2440:
2424:
2420:
2410:
2408:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2344:(27): 713–717.
2333:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2284:
2278:
2274:
2229:
2222:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2160:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2105:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2056:
2050:
2046:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1959:fdaghana.gov.gh
1954:
1950:
1949:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1873:
1864:
1851:(12): 786–794.
1841:
1834:
1787:
1783:
1738:
1721:
1711:
1709:
1696:
1695:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1623:
1622:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1570:
1564:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1485:
1479:
1475:
1465:
1463:
1448:
1444:
1405:
1401:
1371:
1370:
1361:
1344:
1343:
1326:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1239:. 3 June 2022.
1231:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1209:. 23 May 2022.
1201:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1147:
1131:
1124:
1119:
1105:, derived from
1099:
1094:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1013:
1007:
992:GlaxoSmithKline
868:(named for the
851:neuroattenuated
814:
737:
731:
671:. In 2014, the
646:
630:
600:
569:
509:
485:
366:
364:
361:(what is this?)
358:
353:
337:
312:
244:
219:
200:
193:
104:Rubella vaccine
82:Measles vaccine
71:
52:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
26:
12:
11:
5:
6519:
6509:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6463:
6462:
6450:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6423:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6403:
6398:
6391:
6386:
6380:
6378:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6370:
6363:
6356:
6349:
6342:
6334:
6332:
6328:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6308:Henry Wellcome
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6288:Thomas Beecham
6284:
6282:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6256:
6254:Lynn Elsenhans
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6219:Philip Hampton
6215:
6213:
6204:
6200:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6145:Goody's Powder
6142:
6137:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6086:
6080:
6078:
6074:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6066:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5867:
5865:
5858:
5851:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5811:Glaxo Wellcome
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5782:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5762:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5754:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5727:
5725:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5706:
5705:
5698:
5691:
5683:
5674:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5664:
5653:
5647:
5641:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5612:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5597:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5557:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5534:Katalin Karikó
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5485:
5483:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5410:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5380:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5357:
5348:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5313:
5311:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5302:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5289:Herpes simplex
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5243:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5189:Sinopharm BIBP
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5139:Bharat Biotech
5136:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5104:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5010:
5009:
5008:
4998:
4993:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4942:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4818:
4816:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4767:Vaccine injury
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4730:
4728:
4727:Administration
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4701:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4669:
4664:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4616:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4571:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4529:
4528:External links
4526:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4513:
4505:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4472:
4464:
4451:978-0990449119
4450:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4421:
4413:
4394:
4388:
4361:
4355:
4328:
4322:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4252:
4211:
4176:
4127:
4073:
4066:
4040:
4010:
3983:(5): 798–803.
3967:
3931:
3899:
3880:(3): 585–621.
3864:
3813:
3778:
3741:(6): 572–579.
3725:
3698:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3636:
3607:
3564:
3531:
3516:
3507:10.17226/10997
3484:
3454:
3424:
3394:
3351:
3320:
3288:
3257:
3214:
3181:
3097:
3068:(1): 107–111.
3048:
2999:
2978:(5): 983–984.
2958:
2931:(6): 467–468.
2912:
2885:
2851:
2836:
2828:10.17226/13164
2806:
2782:
2737:
2688:
2650:
2583:
2534:
2504:
2477:(7): 632–638.
2457:
2438:
2418:
2388:
2321:
2272:
2243:(5): 447–455.
2220:
2193:(4): 524–532.
2177:
2159:978-0990449119
2158:
2134:
2093:
2044:
2025:(3): 334–361.
2009:
1979:
1938:
1902:
1883:(4): 725–743.
1862:
1832:
1781:
1719:
1682:
1646:
1607:
1581:(9): 247–249.
1555:
1522:
1496:(RR-8): 1–57.
1473:
1456:www.hiv.uw.edu
1442:
1415:(2): 219–222.
1399:
1359:
1324:
1286:
1254:
1224:
1194:
1164:
1145:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1064:
1062:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1009:Main article:
1006:
1003:
972:
971:
956:
947:
944:
939:
933:
932:
926:
921:
915:
914:
911:
908:
905:
900:
894:
893:
888:
885:
882:
879:
813:
810:
733:Main article:
730:
727:
645:
642:
629:
628:Administration
626:
599:
596:
568:
565:
508:
505:
484:
481:
373:
372:
355:
354:
352:
351:
347:
345:
339:
338:
336:
335:
327:
325:
319:
318:
314:
313:
311:
310:
307:
298:
286:
273:
259:
257:
251:
250:
246:
245:
243:
242:
229:
227:
221:
220:
218:
217:
215:
205:
203:
195:
194:
192:
191:
173:
171:
165:
164:
157:
151:
150:
143:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
121:
115:
114:
110:
109:
106:
100:
99:
96:
90:
89:
84:
78:
77:
76:Combination of
73:
72:
69:
50:
28:
22:
19:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6518:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6486:Live vaccines
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6449:
6439:
6438:
6435:
6422:
6421:
6412:
6411:
6408:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6396:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6364:
6362:
6361:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6329:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6303:John K. Smith
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6279:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:Jesse Goodman
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6224:Emma Walmsley
6222:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6214:
6208:
6205:
6201:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6075:
6065:
6064:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5954:
5948:
5947:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5916:Paxil/Seroxat
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5862:
5859:
5855:
5852:
5848:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5791:Beecham Group
5789:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5777:Predecessors,
5775:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5722:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5704:
5699:
5697:
5692:
5690:
5685:
5684:
5681:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5638:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5595:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5540:
5539:Drew Weissman
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5524:H. Fred Clark
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5494:Louis Pasteur
5492:
5490:
5489:Edward Jenner
5487:
5486:
5484:
5478:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5460:DTwP-HepB-Hib
5458:
5456:
5455:DTaP-IPV-HepB
5453:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5446:combination:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5421:
5418:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5369:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5344:Helminthiasis
5341:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5245:combination:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5023:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4948:DPT/DTwP/DTaP
4946:
4945:
4944:combination:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4857:Meningococcus
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4847:Leptospirosis
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4810:
4806:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4782:Vaccine court
4780:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4737:GAVI Alliance
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4569:
4564:
4562:
4557:
4555:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4539:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4483:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4432:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4395:
4391:
4389:9789241596848
4385:
4380:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4362:
4358:
4356:9789241500661
4352:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4329:
4325:
4323:9789241597555
4319:
4314:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4296:
4295:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4256:
4237:
4233:
4226:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4180:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4123:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4069:
4067:9780323357616
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4044:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3971:
3952:
3945:
3941:
3935:
3916:
3909:
3903:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3868:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3702:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3458:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3412:
3408:
3401:
3399:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3355:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3305:
3298:
3292:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3230:(9713): 445.
3229:
3225:
3218:
3202:
3198:
3197:The Telegraph
3193:
3185:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3003:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2962:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2917:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2878:
2877:10.17226/2138
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2708:(7317): 869.
2707:
2703:
2699:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2655:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2621:2027.42/37715
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2464:
2462:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2422:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2225:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2013:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1906:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1837:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1560:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1527:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1291:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1152:
1148:
1146:9783319681061
1142:
1138:
1137:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1089:
1080:
1077:November 2022
1068:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1002:
1000:
995:
993:
988:
986:
981:
979:
969:
965:
961:
957:
955:
951:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
916:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
892:
891:Growth medium
889:
886:
884:Virus strain
883:
880:
877:
876:
873:
871:
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
846:
841:
836:
829:
822:
818:
809:
805:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
782:
780:
779:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:
756:
752:
748:
745:
742:
736:
726:
723:
719:
714:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
641:
639:
635:
625:
623:
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615:
611:
608:
604:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
573:
564:
562:
557:
555:
550:
545:
542:
538:
534:
528:
526:
518:
517:United States
513:
504:
500:
497:
489:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
434:breastfeeding
431:
427:
423:
418:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
369:
362:
356:
349:
348:
346:
344:
340:
333:
329:
328:
326:
324:
320:
315:
308:
306: Rx-only
299:
297:
287:
284:
274:
271:
261:
260:
258:
256:
252:
247:
239:
234:
231:
230:
228:
226:
222:
216:
207:
206:
204:
202:
196:
189:
184:
175:
174:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
120:
116:
113:Clinical data
111:
107:
105:
101:
97:
95:
94:Mumps vaccine
91:
88:
85:
83:
79:
74:
67:
62:
54:
40:
36:
32:
25:
20:
6419:
6395:Side Effects
6393:
6365:
6358:
6351:
6344:
6337:
6313:Andrew Witty
6298:Mahlon Kline
6249:Vivienne Cox
6062:
6018:H5N1 vaccine
5945:
5779:acquisitions
5717:Subsidiaries
5616:Epidemiology
5592:
5564:
5450:DTaP-IPV/Hib
5253:
5241:Yellow fever
5154:EpiVacCorona
4911:Tuberculosis
4884:Pneumococcal
4852:Lyme disease
4680:Heterologous
4579:Immunization
4487:
4436:
4399:
4365:
4332:
4299:
4276:. Retrieved
4265:
4255:
4243:. Retrieved
4189:
4185:
4179:
4167:. Retrieved
4147:
4143:
4130:
4095:
4091:
4049:
4043:
4031:. Retrieved
4013:
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3976:
3970:
3958:. Retrieved
3951:the original
3934:
3922:. Retrieved
3915:the original
3902:
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3867:
3826:
3822:
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3791:
3787:
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3738:
3734:
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3689:. Retrieved
3680:
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3555:. Retrieved
3543:
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3487:
3475:. Retrieved
3457:
3445:. Retrieved
3441:the original
3427:
3415:. Retrieved
3411:the original
3364:
3360:
3354:
3342:. Retrieved
3334:The Guardian
3333:
3323:
3313:18 September
3311:. Retrieved
3304:the original
3291:
3279:. Retrieved
3270:
3260:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3205:. Retrieved
3196:
3184:
3174:
3172:,
3147:. Retrieved
3114:
3110:
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3065:
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3051:
3019:(1): 31–32.
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2971:
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2903:. Retrieved
2864:
2854:
2815:
2809:
2801:the original
2794:
2785:
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2521:the original
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2448:. Retrieved
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1464:. Retrieved
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1017:MMRV vaccine
1014:
1011:MMRV vaccine
1005:MMRV vaccine
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765:The Lancet's
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469:MMRV vaccine
446:
419:
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365:
359:
332:1704518-68-2
255:Legal status
249:Legal status
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53:
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29:This is the
23:
6262:Judy Lewent
5652:from market
5548:Controversy
5482:researchers
5398:Hepatitis B
5284:Hepatitis C
5229:Chicken pox
5055:Hepatitis E
5050:Hepatitis B
5045:Hepatitis A
4996:Chikungunya
4973:Shigellosis
4827:Brucellosis
4713:Therapeutic
4667:Inactivated
4607:Development
4595:Inoculation
4587:Vaccination
4503:. May 2024.
4379:10665/43922
4346:10665/97885
4313:10665/44038
3557:28 November
3477:28 November
3447:28 November
3417:3 September
3149:5 September
2643:1 September
2411:28 November
2170:9 September
1931:28 November
1675:28 November
1548:28 December
1187:5 September
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665:Anaphylaxis
605:is another
547:Measles is
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379:MMR vaccine
317:Identifiers
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6331:Litigation
6318:Chris Gent
6267:Urs Rohner
6175:Parodontax
5983:Engerix-B
5796:Block Drug
5583:Thiomersal
5529:Paul Offit
5504:Jonas Salk
5480:Inventors/
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5184:Sanofi–GSK
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5040:Hantavirus
5006:rVSV-ZEBOV
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4837:Diphtheria
4675:Attenuated
4169:26 January
3977:Pediatrics
3960:26 January
3924:4 February
3718:(3): 1–6.
3691:4 February
3647:(1): 1–6.
3618:(1): 172.
3612:Pediatrics
3587:(5): E84.
3581:Pediatrics
3336:. London.
3207:31 January
3199:. London.
2381:26 January
2314:26 January
2187:Pediatrics
2127:26 January
2086:26 January
1600:26 January
1515:26 January
1279:4 December
1117:References
1111:stabilizer
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760:The Lancet
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6401:Study 329
6212:Directors
6210:Board of
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6165:Nicorette
6122:Emergen-C
6117:ChapStick
6097:BC Powder
6092:Aquafresh
6033:Pandemrix
6003:Hepatyrix
5901:Flixonase
5881:Augmentin
5662:Phase III
5650:Withdrawn
5578:Pox party
5388:ALVAC-CEA
5310:Protozoan
5199:Sputnik V
5149:CoronaVac
5119:Rotavirus
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4874:Pertussis
4815:Bacterial
4699:Synthetic
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4614:Adjuvants
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4033:7 October
3940:Merck Co.
3743:CiteSeerX
2905:29 August
1712:16 August
1437:205605355
1177:Drugs.com
1021:varicella
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411:injection
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6170:NiQuitin
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6155:Lucozade
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6053:Shingrix
6043:Rabavert
6038:Pediarix
6013:Infanrix
5993:FluLaval
5978:Cervarix
5973:Boostrix
5956:Vaccines
5931:Ventolin
5921:Serlipet
5911:Lamictal
5906:Hycamtin
5891:Beconase
5850:Products
5420:Prostvac
5413:Gardasil
5408:Cervarix
5355:Hookworm
5234:Shingles
5216:Smallpox
5134:Corbevax
5070:Gardasil
5065:Cervarix
4808:Vaccines
4762:Schedule
4733:Global:
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4583:Vaccines
4278:14 April
4272:Archived
4245:14 April
4236:Archived
4206:22975026
4160:Archived
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4122:32014073
4027:Archived
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3894:13905658
3859:32622296
3808:12962524
3773:10253998
3765:15877763
3720:Archived
3685:Archived
3681:BBC News
3661:11972410
3632:11773568
3603:11331734
3551:Archived
3526:20669467
3471:Archived
3389:43640126
3381:21209060
3338:Archived
3275:Archived
3271:BBC News
3252:26364726
3244:20137807
3201:Archived
3170:20137807
3143:Archived
3092:12534647
3043:19436461
2994:12435772
2953:43300463
2899:Archived
2895:25144097
2846:24624471
2773:14601358
2732:11683165
2683:15917108
2634:Archived
2578:11440943
2499:41981427
2491:17596807
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2259:16885548
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1996:Archived
1972:30 April
1963:Archived
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1857:28671426
1827:30186724
1776:34806766
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4953:Td/Tdap
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4901:Q fever
4832:Cholera
4822:Anthrax
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4636:Storage
4444:(CDC).
4372:(WHO).
4339:(WHO).
4306:(WHO).
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4113:7019553
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4021:. U.S.
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3851:6023662
3831:Bibcode
3823:Science
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3435:. U.S.
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2945:8088305
2764:1314715
2723:1121404
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2569:1120664
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2215:6512947
2207:3931045
2152:(CDC).
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2002:12 July
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1767:8607336
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4757:Policy
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549:common
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296:℞-only
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6377:Other
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5806:Glaxo
5753:(85%)
5573:NCVIA
5437:TA-CD
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5322:RTS,S
5102:Sabin
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1925:(PDF)
1914:(PDF)
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3804:PMID
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