328:, published by the Human Systems Information Analysis Center, the number of defense standards and specifications have been reduced from 45,500 to 28,300. However, other sources noted that the number of standards just before the Perry Memorandum was issued was less than 30,000, and that thousands have been canceled since then. This may be due to differences in what is counted as a "military standard".
786:
104:(GAO), military specifications "describe the physical and/or operational characteristics of a product", while military standards "detail the processes and materials to be used to make the product." Military handbooks, on the other hand, are primarily sources of compiled information and/or guidance. The GAO acknowledges, however, that the terms are often used interchangeably.
339:
compartmentalization (where even a small hull leak threatens the whole vessel). If an enemy discovers a drawback in a standardized system, the system's uniformity leaves it vulnerable to complete incapacitation via what might otherwise have been a limited compromise. Also, if standardization promotes
320:
those goals would be reached (that is, directing which technology or which materials would be used). In 2005 the DOD issued a new memorandum, which eliminated the requirement to obtain a waiver in order to use military specifications or standards. The 2005 memo did not reinstate any canceled military
310:
burden upon the defense supply chain, both within the military and across its civilian suppliers. In the U.S. during the 1980s and early 1990s, it was argued that the large number of standards, nearly 30,000 by 1990, imposed unnecessary restrictions, increased cost to contractors (and hence the DOD,
184:
A performance specification states requirements in terms of the required results with criteria for verifying compliance but without stating the methods for achieving the required results. A performance specification defines the functional requirements for the item, the environment in which it must
315:
issued a memorandum in 1994 that prohibited the use of most military specifications and standards without a waiver. This has become known as the "Perry
Memorandum". Many military specifications and standards were canceled. In their place, the DOD directed the use of performance specifications and
302:
did not fit
British equipment properly and were not fully interchangeable. Defense standards provide many benefits, such as minimizing the number of types of ammunition, ensuring compatibility of tools, and ensuring quality during production of military equipment. This results, for example, in
99:
Although the official definitions differentiate between several types of documents, all of these documents go by the general rubric of "military standard", including defense specifications, handbooks, and standards. Strictly speaking, these documents serve different purposes. According to the
170:
A document that establishes uniform engineering and technical requirements for military-unique or substantially modified commercial processes, procedures, practices, and methods. There are five types of defense standards: interface standards, design criteria standards, manufacturing process
303:
ammunition and food cases that can be opened without tools; vehicle subsystems that can be quickly swapped into the place of damaged ones; and small arms and artillery that are less likely to find themselves with an excess of ammunition that does not fit and a lack of ammo that does.
198:
A specification that states design requirements, such as materials to be used, how a requirement is to be achieved, or how an item is to be fabricated or constructed. A specification that contains both performance and detail requirements is still considered a detail specification.
1111:
The Impact of
Acquisition Reform on Department of Defense Specifications and Standards for Materials and Processes: Report of the Workshop on Technical Strategies for Adoption of Commercial Materials and Processing Standards in Defense Procurement (2002): Appendix A: Perry
1819:
Kratz, Louis A., (2005), "Elimination of waivers to cite military specifications and standards in solicitations and contracts", Policy Memo 05-03, Assistant Deputy
Undersecretary of Defense (Logistics Plans and Programs), Department of Defense, recorded in
1904:– the official source for defense and federal specifications and standards, military handbooks, commercial item description, data item descriptions, and related standardization documents either prepared by, or adopted by, the Department of Defense
1845:
Perry, William, (1994), Memorandum from the
Secretary of Defense to the Secretaries of the Military Departments, "Specifications & standards -- A new way of doing business", June 29, The Pentagon, Office of the Secretary of Defense.
136:
A document that provides standard procedural, technical, engineering, or design information about the materiel, processes, practices, and methods covered by the DSP. MIL-STD-967 covers the content and format for defense handbooks.
82:
Defense standards are also used by other non-defense government organizations, technical organizations, and industry. This article discusses definitions, history, and usage of defense standards. Related documents, such as
1910:– database of approved defense and federal standardization documents, adopted non-government standards (NGS), and U.S. ratified materiel International Standardization Agreements (ISAs)
263:, communications, and training (to teach people what is standardized, what is at their discretion, and the details of the standards). In the late 18th century and throughout the 19th, the
1791:
Christensen, David S., David A. Searle, and Caisse
Vickery, (1999), "The impact of the Packard Commission's recommendations on reducing cost overruns on defense acquisition contracts",
1561:
311:
since the costs in the end pass along to the customer), and impeded the incorporation of the latest technology. Responding to increasing criticism, Secretary of
Defense
393:
384:
374:
365:
709:, pertains to digital development, acquisition, and delivery of Army administrative, training and doctrine, and technical equipment publications in SGML.
1543:
871:, Demonstrates a vacuum impregnation sealant is compatible with the application and that the sealant will not degrade or fail over the life of the part.
915:
287:) were busy standardizing and cataloguing. The U.S. AN- cataloguing system (Army-Navy) and the British Defence Standards (DEF-STAN) provide examples.
587:
577:
1929:
810:
1851:
Poston, Alan, (2003), "The current state of human factors standardization", Gateway, Human
Systems Information Analysis Center, v 14, no. 2:1-2.
275:
and longtime developmental sponsors and advocates of interchangeability and standardization. By World War II (1939–1945), virtually all national
1807:
DOD 4120.24-M, (2000), "DSP Policies & Procedures", Office of the
Undersecretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology and Logistics), March.
868:
700:
694:
615:
609:
564:
554:
409:
403:
880:
526:
510:
504:
492:
480:
468:
462:
456:
434:
1067:
standards. Though similar, fasteners could often not be interchanged in high-precision, demanding applications until the development of the
348:. However, this threat is somewhat academic, as even poorly standardized materiel presents a likelihood of supplying an enemy if overrun.
987:
DOD 4120.24-M, (2000), "DSP Policies & Procedures", Office of the
Undersecretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology and Logistics)
306:
However, the proliferation of standards also has some drawbacks. The main one is that they impose what is functionally equivalent to a
967:
450:
251:), and logistical usefulness of military equipment. The latter two goals (MRO and logistics) favor certain general concepts, such as
729:
1736:
1475:
The Magazine of standards, Volumes 30-31, American National Standards Institute, 1959, p.351, accessed at Google Books 2012-09-27
1177:
1081:
947:
590:, DOD requirements for a logistic support analysis record (canceled and s/s by MIL-PRF-49506, Logistics Management Information)
890:. "Requirements for swim fins made of gum rubber for wear by military personnel for swimming purposes and for general utility"
316:
non-government standards. "Performance specifications" describe the desired performance of the weapon, rather than describing
1332:"MIL-STD-461 : Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics of Subsystems and Equipment"
1064:
900:
1883:, April, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology & Logistics), Defense Standardization Office.
1852:
1135:
1227:
356:
A complete list of standards was maintained as Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards, up until 1993.
171:
standards, standard practices, and test method standards. MIL-STD-962 covers the content and format for defense standards.
1159:
248:
1913:
931:
828:
157:
or substantially modified commercial items. MIL-STD-961 covers the content and format for defense specifications.
397:
378:
101:
1874:
Acquisition Reform: DOD Begins Program to Reform Specifications and Standards, Report to Congressional Committees
1863:
1827:
1798:
1569:
247:
Defense standards evolved from the need to ensure proper performance, maintainability and reparability (ease of
542:
1547:
477:, "Requirements for the control of electromagnetic interference characteristics of subsystems and equipment"
662:
205:
For purposes of this article, "military standards" will include standards, specifications and handbooks.
806:
It is not certain whether the following standards are part of MIL-SPEC (or MIL-STD, MIL-PRF or MIL-DTL).
678:
581:
264:
54:
1201:
1123:
941:
801:
1389:
1039:
1715:
1707:
1686:
1678:
1657:
1649:
1628:
1620:
1599:
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1455:
1447:
1426:
1418:
1397:
1368:
1360:
1339:
1331:
1310:
1302:
1264:
1256:
1018:
997:
388:
17:
1068:
740:
72:
68:
1836:
McNally, William P., (1998), "Will commercial specifications meet our future air power needs?",
936:
910:
280:
252:
646:
336:
1770:
1285:
1110:
8:
921:
846:
597:
557:, particle and molecular contamination levels for space hardware (has been replaced with
465:, Standard for vacuum impregnation of porous metal castings and powdered metal components
425:, Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes (withdrawn, see ASTM E2234)
268:
1202:"MIL-HDBK-310, MILITARY HANDBOOK: GLOBAL CLIMATIC DATA FOR DEVELOPING MILITARY PRODUCTS"
1160:"Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards. Part 2. Numerical Listing"
1745:
1286:"MILITARY STANDARD IMPREGNATION OF POROUS METAL CASTINGS AND POWDERED METAL COMPONENTS"
905:
335:(where lack of biodiversity creates higher risk of pandemic disease) or a ship without
76:
715:((The URL is incorrectly linked to APP6, the NATO standard and needs to be replaced.))
1184:
1089:
1060:
796:
596:, this is concerned with the construction quality of hats and is often confused with
369:
290:
For example, due to differences in dimensional tolerances, in World War II American
624:, the Army Nomenclature System used in naming weapons and other materiel, like the
558:
312:
153:
A document that describes the essential technical requirements for military-unique
64:
1738:
Department of Defense Interface Standard: Joint Military Symbology (MIL-STD-2525D)
1486:"MIL-STD-810 : Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests"
1867:
1831:
1802:
1142:
968:"Department of Defense MANUAL | Defense Standardization Program (DSP) Procedures"
926:
634:
295:
256:
60:
1886:
van Opstal, Debra, (1994), "Roadmap for MILSPEC reform: A national imperative",
1847:
1841:
331:
Another potential drawback of thorough standardization is a threat analogous to
1592:"MIL-STD-1553 : Digital Time Division Command/Response Multiplex Data Bus"
1163:
856:
688:
299:
272:
1744:. Washington, DC: US Government (published 10 June 2014). 2014. Archived from
1124:
Elimination of Waivers to Cite Military Specifications and Standards [ACC]
765:, General Specification For Integrated Circuits (Microcircuits) Manufacturing.
1923:
1812:
1361:"MIL-STD-464: Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Requirements for Systems"
762:
756:
658:
621:
568:
147:
31:
1907:
1901:
712:
706:
684:
674:
668:
652:
639:
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603:
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548:
538:
345:
862:
852:
842:
768:
532:
520:
498:
486:
474:
446:
440:
428:
422:
332:
284:
232:
MIL-STD-961, Defense and Program-Unique Specifications Format and Content
213:
209:
1908:
Acquisition Streamlining and Standardization Information System (ASSIST)
1771:"MILITARY SPECIFICATION IMPREGNANTS FOR CAST OR POWDER METAL COMPONENTS"
725:
MIL-STD-6011, Tactical Data Link (TDL) 11/11B Message Standard (Link-11)
208:
There are also standard names with different letters behind ′MIL-′ like
514:
307:
260:
1679:"MIL-STD-1760 : Aircraft/Store Electrical Interconnection System"
541:, a classification system for ammunition production that replaced the
1861:
1825:
1796:
874:
625:
523:, test methods for determining the environmental effects on equipment
217:
736:
MIL-STD-6016, Tactical Data Link (TDL) 16 Message Standard (Link-16)
571:
341:
276:
154:
1650:"MIL-STD-1750 : 16-Bit Computer Instruction Set Architecture"
483:, "Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Requirements for Systems"
370:
NATO Stock Number Federal Supply Groups and Federal Supply Classes
887:
735:
724:
1810:
Fowler, Charles A., (1994), "Defense acquisition: Grab the ax",
1257:"MIL-STD-130: Identification Marking of U.S. Military Property"
884:
643:
584:(LSA) (canceled and s/s by MIL-HDBK-502, Acquisition Logistics)
185:
operate, and interface and interchangeability characteristics.
1303:"MIL-STD-348 : Radio Frequency (RF) Connector Interfaces"
606:, Input/Output Interfaces, Standard Digital Data, Navy Systems
27:
Standards for equipment and products used by the U.S. military
865:, pertains to the analysis of AC and DC loads on an aircraft.
718:
291:
53:", is used to help achieve standardization objectives by the
1916:– where to obtain defense standards and specifications
1419:"MIL-STD-704 : Aircraft Electric Power Characteristics"
1084:
Specifications & Standards – A New Way of Doing Business
412:, Work Breakdown Structures for Defense Materiel Items (WBS)
111:
November 2014, USD (Acquisition, Technology and Logistics):
67:, ensuring products meet certain requirements, commonality,
1856:
Reig, Raymond W., (2000), "Baselining acquisition reform",
1390:"MIL-STD-498 : Software Development and Documentation"
1059:
British hardware since the early 20th century was made to
459:, "Electronic and Electrical Component Parts" test methods
1448:"MIL-STD-806 : Graphical Symbols for Logic Diagrams"
340:
use by allies, it may also ease an enemy's task of using
1881:
MILSPEC Reform Final Report - An Ending: A New Beginning
719:
MIL-STD-3011, Joint Range Extension Application Protocol
746:
MIL-STD-6040, United States Message Text Format (USMTF)
406:, GLOBAL CLIMATIC DATA FOR DEVELOPING MILITARY PRODUCTS
507:, Design Criteria Standard for Ammunition Color Coding
228:
The DOD has standards about the format of standards:
1178:"Federal Supply Classification - Groups and Classes"
1136:"The Current State of Human Factors Standardization"
431:, "Identification Marking of U.S. Military Property"
671:, smart-weapons interface derived from MIL-STD-1553
551:, sampling, inspection, and testing of pyrotechnics
351:
916:Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology
107:Official definitions are provided by DoD 4120.24,
1621:"MIL-STD-1589 : JOVIAL Programming Language"
759:, General Specification For Hybrid Microcircuits.
567:, guidelines for sonar transducers, specifically
238:MIL-STD-967, Defense Handbooks Format and Content
235:MIL-STD-962, Defense Standards Format and Content
109:Defense Standardization Program (DSP) Procedures,
79:systems, and similar defense-related objectives.
1921:
1544:"Test Method Standard, Microcircuits - FSC 5962"
697:, Connectionless Data Transfer Application Layer
495:, on Engineering Management (System Engineering)
1063:standards, while American Hardware was made to
94:
1708:"MIL-STD-1815 : Ada Programming Language"
1554:
1822:Defense Acquisition, Technology and Logistics
618:, a sound measurement for small arms standard
471:, "Radio Frequency (RF) Connector Interfaces"
437:, Mechanical Vibration of Shipboard Equipment
501:, "Aircraft Electric Power Characteristics"
489:, on software development and documentation
703:, pertains to optical fiber communications
279:and trans-national alliances of the same (
259:(of equipment and processes, in general),
829:Learn how and when to remove this message
535:, test method standard for microcircuits
451:Joint Electronics Type Designation System
1872:U.S. General Accounting Office, (1994),
877:, Shock Testing for Shipboard Equipment.
655:, a Navy standard for naming/designation
443:, a series related to telecommunications
242:
1930:Military of the United States standards
730:MIL-STD-6013, Army Tactical Data Link-1
14:
1922:
948:U.S. Military connector specifications
713:MIL-STD-2525, Joint Military Symbology
545:(AIC) system used during World War II.
1040:"ASSIST-QuickSearch Document Details"
1019:"ASSIST-QuickSearch Document Details"
998:"ASSIST-QuickSearch Document Details"
901:American National Standards Institute
741:MIL-STD-6017, Variable Message Format
529:, standard practice for system safety
396:, another handbook containing vendor
1879:U.S. Department of Defense, (2000),
779:
24:
1784:
932:Specification (technical standard)
25:
1941:
1895:
1562:"US Military Rifle Designations"
784:
771:, Watch, Wrist: General Purpose.
691:, a mounting bracket on firearms
352:Non-exhaustive list of documents
102:Government Accountability Office
1914:Defense Standards (Gov IT Wiki)
1902:Defense Standardisation Program
1763:
1729:
1700:
1671:
1642:
1613:
1584:
1536:
1507:
1478:
1469:
1440:
1411:
1382:
1353:
1324:
1295:
1278:
1249:
1220:
1194:
1183:. February 2003. Archived from
1170:
1152:
1128:
855:, now inactivated standard for
845:, now inactivated standard for
377:, a handbook containing vendor
1117:
1103:
1074:
1053:
1032:
1011:
990:
981:
975:Executive Services Directorate
960:
543:Ammunition Identification Code
387:, Item Name Directory for the
13:
1:
953:
517:", originally a USAF standard
324:According to a 2003 issue of
321:specifications or standards.
1858:Acquisition Review Quarterly
1838:Acquisition Review Quarterly
1824:, July - August 2005, p 91.
1793:Acquisition Review Quarterly
1515:"MIL-STD-882: System Safety"
1114:, accessed 14 September 2022
665:(ISA) for airborne computers
663:instruction set architecture
95:Definition of document types
7:
1876:, October, GAO/NSIAD-95-14.
894:
804:. The specific problem is:
775:
633:, a digital communications
359:
63:is beneficial in achieving
10:
1946:
1109:National Academies Press,
750:
582:Logistics support analysis
416:
223:
55:U.S. Department of Defense
942:Standardization Agreement
513:, "Graphical Symbols for
449:, a specification of the
180:Performance Specification
1716:Defense Logistics Agency
1687:Defense Logistics Agency
1658:Defense Logistics Agency
1629:Defense Logistics Agency
1600:Defense Logistics Agency
1523:Defense Logistics Agency
1494:Defense Logistics Agency
1456:Defense Logistics Agency
1427:Defense Logistics Agency
1398:Defense Logistics Agency
1369:Defense Logistics Agency
1340:Defense Logistics Agency
1311:Defense Logistics Agency
1265:Defense Logistics Agency
679:Ada programming language
389:NATO Codification System
1069:Unified Thread Standard
73:total cost of ownership
1840:, v 5, no. 3:297-316.
1795:, v 6, no. 3:251-262.
937:Standards organization
911:International standard
394:Cataloging Handbook H8
385:Cataloging Handbook H6
375:Cataloging Handbook H4
366:Cataloging Handbook H2
91:, are also addressed.
89:defense specifications
1816:, v 31, no. 10:55-59.
1776:. September 18, 1992.
1042:. Quicksearch.dla.mil
1021:. Quicksearch.dla.mil
1000:. Quicksearch.dla.mil
977:. September 24, 2014.
243:Origins and evolution
75:, compatibility with
1890:, v 23, no. 1:10-13.
1860:, v 7, no. 1:33-46.
1291:. December 30, 1992.
811:improve this section
800:to meet Knowledge's
647:programming language
194:Detail Specification
49:", or (informally) "
1712:ASSIST Quick Search
1683:ASSIST Quick Search
1654:ASSIST Quick Search
1625:ASSIST Quick Search
1596:ASSIST Quick Search
1519:ASSIST Quick Search
1490:ASSIST Quick Search
1452:ASSIST Quick Search
1423:ASSIST Quick Search
1394:ASSIST Quick Search
1365:ASSIST Quick Search
1336:ASSIST Quick Search
1307:ASSIST Quick Search
1261:ASSIST Quick Search
922:Military technology
847:M-1965 field jacket
612:, Human Engineering
1866:2005-08-22 at the
1830:2005-12-11 at the
1801:2005-08-22 at the
1572:on August 25, 2021
1566:GlobalSecurity.org
1228:"MIL-HDBK-310 pdf"
1071:in the late 1940s.
906:ASTM International
368:, definitions for
344:that is lost as a
253:interchangeability
1751:on 7 January 2017
839:
838:
831:
802:quality standards
793:This section may
203:
202:
85:defense handbooks
39:military standard
37:, often called a
16:(Redirected from
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1568:. Archived from
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1088:. Archived from
1086:, DTD 29 Jun 94"
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559:IEST-STD-CC1246D
313:William J. Perry
271:militaries were
166:Defense Standard
132:Defense Handbook
114:
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65:interoperability
35:defense standard
21:
1945:
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1888:Program Manager
1868:Wayback Machine
1832:Wayback Machine
1803:Wayback Machine
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869:MIL-I-17563C
825:
819:January 2024
816:
809:Please help
805:
794:
707:MIL-STD-2361
701:MIL-STD-2196
695:MIL-STD-2045
685:MIL-STD-1913
675:MIL-STD-1815
669:MIL-STD-1760
659:MIL-STD-1750
653:MIL-STD-1661
640:MIL-STD-1589
631:MIL-STD-1553
616:MIL-STD-1474
610:MIL-STD-1472
604:MIL-STD-1397
594:MIL-STD-1394
565:MIL-STD-1376
555:MIL-STD-1246
549:MIL-STD-1234
539:MIL-STD-1168
410:MIL-HDBK-881
404:MIL-HDBK-310
400:code details
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881:MIL-S-82258
863:MIL-E-7016F
853:MIL-C-5040H
843:MIL-C-43455
813:if you can.
533:MIL-STD-883
527:MIL-STD-882
521:MIL-STD-810
511:MIL-STD-806
505:MIL-STD-709
499:MIL-STD-704
493:MIL-STD-499
487:MIL-STD-498
481:MIL-STD-464
475:MIL-STD 461
469:MIL-STD-348
463:MIL-STD-276
457:MIL-STD-202
447:MIL-STD-196
441:MIL-STD-188
435:MIL-STD-167
429:MIL-STD-130
423:MIL-STD-105
333:monoculture
285:Axis powers
214:MIL-E-7016F
210:MIL-C-5040H
69:reliability
1721:August 27,
1692:August 27,
1663:August 27,
1634:August 27,
1605:August 27,
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1432:August 27,
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1345:August 27,
1316:August 27,
1270:August 27,
1112:Memorandum
1096:2012-03-23
1046:2022-08-28
1025:2022-08-28
1004:2022-08-28
954:References
308:regulatory
277:militaries
261:cataloging
1755:6 January
1241:4 January
1212:4 January
888:swim fins
875:MIL-S-901
626:M16 rifle
598:IEEE 1394
218:MIL-S-901
77:logistics
1924:Category
1864:Archived
1828:Archived
1799:Archived
944:(STANAG)
895:See also
795:require
776:MIL-SPEC
732:(ATDL-1)
572:ceramics
360:MIL-HDBK
342:materiel
337:bulkhead
265:American
155:materiel
146:Defense
142:MIL-SPEC
128:MIL-HDBK
51:MilSpecs
47:MIL-SPEC
18:MIL-HDBK
1576:3 April
797:cleanup
751:MIL-PRF
721:(JREAP)
453:(JETDS)
417:MIL-STD
326:Gateway
224:Formats
190:MIL-DTL
176:MIL-PRF
162:MIL-STD
117:Acronym
43:MIL-STD
918:(IEST)
885:rubber
644:JOVIAL
298:, and
292:screws
269:French
1774:(PDF)
1749:(PDF)
1742:(PDF)
1289:(PDF)
1231:(PDF)
1188:(PDF)
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971:(PDF)
883:, on
743:(VMF)
661:, an
296:bolts
1757:2017
1723:2021
1694:2021
1665:2021
1636:2021
1607:2021
1578:2022
1530:2021
1501:2021
1463:2021
1434:2021
1405:2021
1376:2021
1347:2021
1318:2021
1272:2021
1243:2017
1214:2017
398:CAGE
379:CAGE
300:nuts
267:and
120:Type
87:and
45:", "
1065:ASA
677:, "
642:, "
635:bus
318:how
249:MRO
216:or
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