Music video - Knowledge

2774:", Lil Nas X included various provocative scenes, including one in which he gives a lap dance to Satan. The video was widely criticized by conservative and religious groups, who saw it as promoting Satanism and immorality. Lil Nas X responded to the backlash by defending that it was just a way of expressing his own sexuality and challenging societal norms. He made profit regarding to the controversy by promoting his own merchandise, including a pair of "Satan Shoes" that were made in collaboration with a company called MSCHF. A peculiar thing about these shoes are that they had real human blood in each pair. The controversy related to "Montero" eventually helped dragging the song to even greater success, debuting at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and earning applause from critics for its bold and innovative approach to music and visuals. 1054:". Country music historian Bob Millard wrote that JMI had pioneered the country music video concept by "producing a 3-minute film" to go along with Williams' song. Lovullo said his videos were conceptualized by having the show's staff go to nearby rural areas and film animals and farmers, before editing the footage to fit the storyline of a particular song. "The video material was a very workable production item for the show," he wrote. "It provided picture stories for songs. However, some of our guests felt the videos took attention away from their live performances, which they hoped would promote record sales. If they had a hit song, they didn't want to play it under comic barnyard footage." The concept's mixed reaction eventually spelled an end to the "video" concept on 1197: 428: 1849: 604:

Europe and America to showcase popular British acts, ultimately prompted the production of pre-recorded or filmed inserts referred to as "promotional videos." These videos served as substitutes for live performances by the artists and played a pivotal role in the development of the music video genre. During the early stages of the show's introduction in 1964, when alternative footage was unavailable, Dorfman and Stewart resorted to capturing footage of the enthusiastic audience dancing. However, a significant change took place in October 1964 when a decision was made to occasionally introduce a

8282: 3098:). As with other single formats, DVD singles have a limited production run, often causing them to become collector's items. The DVD single never experienced a high amount of popularity in the United Kingdom because when artists started releasing them in the early 2000s, the CD single had started declining. They were also seen as expensive. Some artists would not release DVD singles and instead put their music videos as enhanced content on a CD single/album. 1552:" and clips by other African-American performers was "blatant racism". British rock singer David Bowie had also recently lashed out against MTV during an interview that he did with them prior to the release of "Thriller", stating that he was "floored" by how much MTV neglected black artists, bringing attention to how videos by the "few black artists that one does see" only appeared on MTV between 2:00 a.m. until 6:00 a.m. when nobody was watching. 1852: 1851: 1857: 1855: 1850: 1856: 33: 8390: 1854: 773: 2157:. Many do not feature any visual related to the musician in question, but merely a background with the lyrics appearing over it as they are sung in the song. In 2011, death metal band Krokmitën released the first lyric video for an entire album, "Alpha-Beta". The concept album video featured imagery pulsing to the music and stylized typography created by bandleader Simlev. As of 2017, the 2016 song " 755:", made in early 1967 and directed by Peter Goldman, took the promotional film format to a new level. They used techniques borrowed from underground and avant-garde film, including reversed film and slow motion, dramatic lighting, unusual camera angles, and colour filtering added in post-production. At the end of 1967 the group released their third film, the one hour, made-for-television project 690:(1965), was a much more lavish affair, filmed in color in London and on international locations. The title track sequence, filmed in black-and-white, is arguably one of the prime archetypes of the modern performance-style music video, employing rhythmic cross-cutting, contrasting long shots and close-ups, and infrequent shots and camera angles, such as the shot 50 seconds into the song, in which 8269: 622:

international platform for artists launching new records at the time, had firmly established the significance of promotional film clips as a crucial tool for promoting the careers of emerging artists and generating buzz for new releases by established acts, and was significant in developing and popularising what would later become the music video genre across the globe.

2703:" was banned by MTV, a rumour which reached some press outlets. The rumor claimed that MTV had banned the video because the content could not be shown within their programming. MTV denied the ban and showed the video frequently on European MTV programming. Lady Gaga's previous videos have also attracted criticism for their sexually suggestive content; the video for " 1516:" (1983) which both discussed race issues. In a 1983 interview, Bowie spoke about the importance of using music videos in addressing social issues, "Let's try to use the video format as a platform for some kind of social observation, and not just waste it on trotting out and trying to enhance the public image of the singer involved". 1643:" made pioneering use of computer animation, and helped make the song an international hit. The song itself was a wry comment on the music-video phenomenon, sung from the point of view of an appliance deliveryman both drawn to and repelled by the outlandish images and personalities that appeared on MTV. In 1986, 36: 35: 40: 39: 34: 6355: 3138:

events that will offer alternate shots of a promotional video, or bonus footage, like backstage footage or footage from a photoshoot not released anywhere else. As of 2017, Single Vs are no longer released; instead Hello! Project acts now put the music videos on DVDs included in a CD single's limited

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caused controversy due to the graphic nature of the video which features Williams stripping naked then peeling off his skin to reveal bloody flesh, followed by ripping off his muscles and organs until he is nothing but a blood-soaked skeleton. The video was censored in the UK during daytime hours and

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and were significant in developing and popularizing what would later become the music video genre in Australia and other countries, and in establishing the importance of promotional film clips as a means of promoting both emerging acts and new releases by established acts. In early 1974, former radio

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To further signify the change in direction towards Music Video airplay, MTV officially dropped the Music Television tagline on February 8, 2010 from their logo in response to their increased commitment to non-scripted reality programming and other youth-oriented entertainment rising in prominence on

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At the end of the 1970s, the broadcasting of music videos on television became more and more regular, in several countries. The music videos were, for example, broadcast in weekly music programs or inserted into various programs. In the United States, for example, on terrestrial networks at the end

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replaced it with footage of bikers and a dancer. The "Jean Genie" clip, produced for just US$ 350, was shot in one day and edited in less than two days. It intercuts footage of Bowie and band in concert with contrasting footage of the group in a photographic studio, wearing black stage outfits, and

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appears in the trial scenes and presents the "judge" (Richards) with what may be the infamous fur rug that had featured so prominently in the press reports of the drug bust at Richards' house in early 1967. When it is pulled back, it reveals an apparently naked Jagger with chains around his ankles.

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came to join the group: The other three band members are having tea inside what looks like an abandoned hangar when suddenly a "bleeding box" arrives, out of which jumps a fast-running, time lapse, Moon that the other members subsequently try to get a hold of in a sped-up slapstick chasing sequence

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As the concept and medium of a music video is a form of artistic expression, artists have been on many occasions censored if their content is deemed offensive. What may be considered offensive will differ in countries due to censorship laws and local customs and ethics. In most cases, the record

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The show's format created a demand for frequent studio appearances by renowned British and US artists at short notice, as the charts came out on Tuesday mornings and the show was taped live on Thursdays. Coupled with the artists busy touring schedules and subsequent requests from broadcasters in

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department store on 19 October 1964 as a visual accompaniment to the song. It subsequently aired on Top of the Pops on 22 October, 29, as well as 12 November and 19." By the 1970s, Top of the Pops had an average weekly viewership of 12,500,000 people, had solidified its status as the premier

6380: 563:, Manny Pittson began pre-recording the music audio, went on-location and taped various visuals with the musicians lip-synching, then edited the audio and video together. Most music numbers were taped in-studio on stage, and the location shoot "videos" were to add variety. In 1964, 2212:", which lavished camera time on male models working out in string bikinis who spurn her advances, ultimately pairing off to walk to the men's locker rooms holding hands, though the network ended the clip before the overt homosexual "reveal" ending in some airings. The video for " 1853: 1448:

In this period, directors and the acts they worked with began to discover and expand the form and style of the genre, using more sophisticated effects in their videos, mixing film and video, and adding a storyline or plot to the music video. Occasionally videos were made in a

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through a bulk agreement with the major record labels. This was complicated by the fact that not all labels share the same policy toward music videos: some welcome the development and upload music videos to various online outlets themselves, viewing music videos as free

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inquired as to whether it was no different and similar to the Madonna music videos of the '80s and '90s. Proponents claimed that it was not different to Rocky Horror Picture Show, or the Frankie Goes to Hollywood's "Relax" music video that were successful decades ago.

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color with stark black-and-white scenes and was filmed in different locations, including a padded room and a rocky shore. The video became one of the most iconic ever made at the time, and its complex nature is seen as significant in the evolution of the music video.

2204:". Due to thinly veiled homoerotic undertones plus much skin and sweat (but apparently not enough clothing, save that worn by the fully clothed members of Queen themselves), it was deemed unsuitable for a television audience at the time. However, the channel did air 3067:". According to the RIAA, a music video single is defined as 1-2 songs per video OR under 15 minutes running time. In 2003, the first certified platinum and gold music DVD singles were certified by the RIAA. Noteworthy early DVD singles in the United States include 1126:"). Using this method, Webb and Mulcahy assembled a collection of about 25 clips for the show. The success of his early efforts encouraged Mulcahy to quit his TV job and become a full-time director, and he made clips for several popular Australian acts including 2770:'s viral song "Old Town Road" became the longest-running number-one song on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. However, it was his follow-up song named "Montero (Call Me By Your Name)" which was released in 2021 that raised the controversy. In the music video for " 2810:

due to controversy. Lyrics expressed behaviours that supposedly happen in the big cities that would be perceived to not be liked in a small town, such as, "carjack an old lady"; "cuss out a cop"; and "stomp on the flag." United States State Representative

2692:" was censored due to its major elements of violence, nudity and sex. The short film was later released with a clean version that can air on television. The explicit version is available on the band's official website with a viewing certificate of 18+. 2184:

label will provide and distribute videos edited or provide both censored and uncensored videos for an artist. In some cases, it has been known for music videos to be banned in their entirety as they have been deemed far too offensive to be broadcast.

325:, which invited audiences to sing along to popular songs by "following the bouncing ball", which is similar to a modern karaoke machine. Early cartoons featured popular musicians performing their hit songs on camera in live-action segments during the 1259:

A worldwide pioneer in programs that only transmitted rock and pop music video clips was the Peruvian program Disco Club, hosted by the Peruvian musician Gerardo Manuel, which began its transmission on the Peruvian state channel (Channel 7 of

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The clip concludes with scenes of the Stones in the studio intercut with footage that had previously been used in the "concert version" promo clip for "Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby". The group also filmed a color promo clip for the song "

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and beginning an era of 24-hour-a-day music on television. With this new outlet for material, the music video would, by the mid-1980s, grow to play a central role in popular music marketing. Many important acts of this period, most notably

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artists played on MTV. Prior to Jackson's success, videos by African-American artists were rarely played on MTV: according to MTV, this was because it initially conceived itself as a rock-music-oriented channel, although musician

678:, it interspersed comedic and dialogue sequences with musical tones. The musical sequences furnished basic templates on which numerous subsequent music videos were modeled. It was the direct model for the successful US TV series 2883:

containing music videos of all tracks from their fourth studio album of the same name. It was produced by Paul Flattery for Jon Roseman Productions and directed by David Mallet. The music videos were recorded in New York and

723:. By the time the Beatles stopped touring in late 1966, their promotional films, like their recordings, had become highly sophisticated. In May 1966 they filmed two sets of colour promotional clips for their current single " 2619:, and Jackson spoke out against the video, calling it "inappropriate and disrespectful to me, my children, my family, and the community at large". In 2004, many family groups and politicians lobbied for the banning of the 1268:

in free-to-air TV) in June 1978, three years before the appearance of MTV. Initially, it was only broadcast on Saturdays at 7 p.m. , but due to acceptance, in November of that same year it began to be broadcast every day.

2649:'s video for their song "Stress" was boycotted by several major music television channels due to allegations of racism and violence; the video depicts several youths committing different crimes throughout the streets of 1881:

service which ran between 1999 and 2001, enabled users to share video files, including those for music videos. By the mid-2000s, MTV and many of its sister channels had largely abandoned showing music videos in favor of

1342:, directed by the group's keyboard player, Michael Cotten, which included two videos directed by Russell Mulcahy ("Talk to Ya Later" and "Don't Want to Wait Anymore"). Among the first music videos were clips produced by 608:

with choreographed routines for specific tracks. This addition brought a new dynamic to the show, enhancing its visual appeal and diversifying the entertainment value for viewers. One notable example was the video for

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on both VHS and Betamax. It was not a huge commercial success due to the high retail price of £10.99, compared to around £1.99 for a 7" vinyl single. The VHS single gained higher levels of mainstream popularity when

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was criticised and debated about regarding whether it should be censored or not. Critics claimed that the music video was sexualised, irresponsible and improper, and not good for society, where as the discussion on

813:. Eschewing any attempt to simulate performance or present a narrative, the clip shows Dylan standing in a city back alley, silently shuffling a series of large cue cards (bearing key words from the song's lyrics). 2443:, a series of occasional, late-night specials (still being aired in the early 2000s) in which videos officially banned by MuchMusic were broadcast, followed by a panel discussion regarding why they were removed. 1915:'s video functionality use similar technology. Such websites had a profound effect on the viewing of music videos; some artists began to see success as a result of videos seen mostly or entirely online. The band 3116:

released corresponding DVD singles for almost all of its CD single releases.The company calls them Single Vs. A Single V usually contains a music video for the title song plus several more of its versions and a

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in 1986. This was a program that composed entirely of music videos (the only outlet many videos had on British TV at the time), with no presenters. Instead, the videos were linked by then state of the art

2672:'s bare buttocks, and model Christina Auria taking a shower nude. The video was the first aired on CMT to show nudity, and eventually reached #1 on the network's "Top Twenty Countdown" program. However, 37: 2350:

was censorious in its approach to video content, so some acts made videos that they knew would be censored, using the resulting public controversy to promote their release. Examples of this tactic were

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Aldean then defended himself on Twitter, asserting that he had been wrongly accused of releasing a pro-lynching song, and that he was "not too pleased" with the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests.

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were another important precursor to a music video, and several well-known music videos have imitated the style of classic Hollywood musicals from the 1930s–50s. One of the best-known examples is

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provided a section of free music videos in high quality compression to be watched via the iTunes application. More recently the iTunes Store has begun selling music videos for use on Apple's

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of Tennessee, a US Democrat, condemned the song on Twitter, describing it as a "heinous song calling for racist violence" that promoted "a shameful vision of gun extremism and vigilantism."

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Unofficial, fan-made music videos are typically made by synchronizing existing footage from other sources, such as television series or films, with the song. The first known fan video, or

2346:, provided a defense of their work. The episode's conclusion was that the controversy will continue to grow. Some artists have used censorship as a publicity tool. In the 1980s, the show 2043:

movement of the early nineties. Offering freedom from the increasingly burdensome financial requirements of high-production movie-like clips, it began as the only method for little-known

896:", which first aired in August 1967. This clip featured sped-up footage of the group recording in the studio, intercut with a mock trial that clearly alludes to the drug prosecutions of 2758:

whipping a tied-up white man, taking hostages and indulging in a lesbian kiss, was banned in eleven countries and was flagged as inappropriate for viewers that are under 18 on YouTube.

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released "Praying for Time" as a lyric video. He had refused to make a traditional music video, so his label released a simple clip that displayed the song's lyrics on a black screen.

3935: 2238:-directed clip, featuring the singer lured through an increasingly debauched, if increasingly stylized, series of nightclubs by a masked man who ultimately takes her to bed. In 1989, 2138:". The video featured the song's words pulsing to the music, presented alongside abstract geometric shapes, an effect created by Bill Konersman. The following year, the video for the 100:, or more rarely shown theatrically. They can be commercially issued on home video, either as video albums or video singles. The format has been described by various terms including " 1016:

mime troupe, dancing on stage and behind a back-lit screen. The clip was turned down by the BBC, who reportedly found the homosexual overtones of the film distasteful; accordingly,

705:—so they could promote their record releases without having to make in-person appearances. Their first batch of promo films shot in late 1965 (including their then-current single, " 8066: 2119:

to the song are the primary visual element of the video. As such, they can be created with relative ease and often serve as a supplemental video to a more traditional music video.

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form, in which the musical artist was not shown. Because music videos are mainly intended to promote the artist, such videos are comparatively rare; three early 1980s examples are

2560:" with the use of school uniforms and young girls kissing, although the campaign failed. Capitalizing on the controversy, the kiss was choreographed into their live performances. 1162: 701:

In 1965, the Beatles started making promotional clips (then known as "filmed inserts") for distribution and broadcast on Top of the Pops and in different countries—primarily the

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who all got their start around this time; all brought a unique vision and style to the videos they directed. Some of these directors, including, Gondry, Jonze, Sigismondi, and

2246:" video (where the singer performs the song in an extremely revealing body suit surrounded by a ship full of cheering sailors) was restricted to late-night broadcasts on MTV. 1238:. According to rock historian Paul Fowles, the song is "widely credited as the first global hit single for which an accompanying video was central to the marketing strategy". 111:

were popular as soon as recorded sound was introduced to theatrical film screenings in the 1920s, the music video rose to prominence in the 1980s when American pay-TV channel

1605:(then known as "VH-1: Video Hits One"), featuring softer music, and meant to cater to the slightly older baby-boomer demographic who were out-growing MTV. Internationally, 8043: 6170: 5197: 2630:

As of 2005, the Egyptian state censorship committee banned at least 20 music videos which featured sexual connotations due to Muslim moral viewpoints. The music video of "

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soon followed. With the advent of easy distribution over the internet and cheap video-editing software, fan-created videos began to gain wider notice in the late 1990s.

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era, enabling many pop acts to produce promotional videos quickly and cheaply, in comparison to the relatively high costs of using film. However, as the genre developed,

1306:, having a production cost of $ 582,000 (equivalent to $ 2.15 million in 2023), the first music video to have a production cost of over $ 500,000. The video was made in 5834: 713:"), were fairly straightforward mimed-in-studio performance pieces (albeit sometimes in silly sets) and meant to blend in fairly seamlessly with television shows like 6422: 1150:

and producer Michael Shrimpton quickly realized that "film clips" were becoming an important new commodity in music marketing. Despite the show's minuscule budget,

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began films recording live sessions to present on the Web. All of these swiftly recorded clips are made with minimal budgets and share similar aesthetics with the

134:. Combining these styles and techniques has become more popular due to the variety for the audience. Many music videos interpret images and scenes from the song's 104:", "filmed insert", "promotional (promo) film", "promotional clip", "promotional video", "song video", "song clip", "film clip", "video clip", or simply "video". 8134: 4128: 2857:, a video album is a long-form release containing multiple music videos on a disc. The market for video albums is considerably smaller than for audio albums and 3015:

The DVD single was introduced in the late 1990s as a replacement for the videotape single. Although many record companies in the United States refused to issue

2888:, with some songs featuring the band playing in a concert fashion, and some others having scenarios based on the songs' lyrics. Another popular video album was 1965:

issued cease-and-desist letters to YouTube users to prevent single users from sharing videos, which are the property of the music labels. After its merger with

3109:". The CD+DVD format is more expensive and usually contains one or more music videos, and sometimes a "making of" section or other bonus material is included. 1531:. The video set new standards for production, having cost US $ 800,000 to film. The video for "Thriller", along with earlier videos by Jackson for his songs " 6981: 4841: 4114: 8114: 8076: 5901: 5355: 1586:(later to be known as the VMAs), an annual awards event that would come to underscore MTV's importance in the music industry. The inaugural event rewarded 5999: 287:, Thomas projected a series of still images on a screen simultaneous to live performances. This would become a popular form of entertainment known as the 5018: 2489:" was banned by MTV due to its use of Holocaust and Gulf War footage, among images of famine, pollution, war, and terrorism. As well as this, metal band 2067:

tailored to mobile devices in addition to music videos; these vertical videos are generally platform-exclusive. These vertical videos are often shown on

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1967. Although poorly received at the time for lacking a narrative structure, it showed the group to be adventurous music filmmakers in their own right.

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and launched on November 1, 1979, was the first nationwide video music programming on American cable television, predating MTV by almost two years. The

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Besides the Beatles, many other British artists made "filmed inserts" so they could be screened on TV when the bands were not available to appear live.

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is the artist most associated with music video censorship. The controversy surrounding Madonna's marketing of her sexuality began with the video for "

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has said of "Bohemian Rhapsody": "Its influence cannot be overstated, practically inventing the music video seven years before MTV went on the air."

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cut away from the girls' kiss to shots of the band. Throughout their promotional tour, t.A.T.u. protested by appearing in shirts reading "censored".

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who produced a spoof music video "Nice Video, Shame About The Song" (the title was a spoof of a recent pop hit "Nice Legs, Shame About Her Face").

6095: 5880: 8129: 6765: 6617: 6479: 5674: 4569: 4463: 2631: 1988:, a music video service launched by several major music publishers, debuted in December 2009. The videos on Vevo are syndicated to YouTube, with 1756: 5954: 927:" / "Child Of The Moon"—a color clip for "Child Of The Moon" and two different clips for "Jumpin' Jack Flash". In 1968, they collaborated with 5269: 5129: 684:(1966–1968), which was similarly composed of film segments that were created to accompany various Monkees songs. The Beatles' second feature, 8071: 8020: 6631: 6121: 2153:

Lyric videos rose to greater prominence in the 2010s, when it became relatively easy for artists to disperse videos through websites such as

5654: 5322: 5223: 4625: 8015: 1927:" in 2006, both of which first became well-known online (OK Go repeated the trick with another high-concept video in 2010, for their song " 1066: 1040:

Country music also picked up on the trend of promotional film clips to publicize songs. Sam Lovullo, the producer of the television series

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and his then-girlfriend. Despite those particular scenes being shot at strategic angles, a censored version was released with a stream of

138:, while others take a more thematic approach. Other music videos may not have any concept, being only a filmed version of the song's live 8119: 8030: 6144: 5435: 2747:, with the network citing that the video was too sexually charged. The video was also subsequently banned by all UK television channels. 2263: 1524: 982:, who worked extensively with Bowie in this period. Rock directed and edited four clips to promote four consecutive David Bowie singles—" 469: 5522: 4007: 2556:, embracing and eventually kissing. British TV presenters Richard and Judy campaigned to have the video banned claiming it pandered to " 2047:

artists to present themselves to a wider audience, but increasingly this approach has been taken up by such major mainstream artists as

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In 1983, one of the most successful, influential and iconic music videos of all time was released: the nearly 14-minute-long video for

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increasingly turned to 35mm film as the preferred medium, while others mixed film and video. During the 1980s, music videos had become

881:" (1966) a miniature comic movie was made. The BBC reportedly refused to air the clip because it was considered to be in "poor taste". 5408: 4992: 2660:

While country music has largely avoided controversy surrounding video content, it has never been immune. The music video for the 2003

6956: 6021: 5604: 2866: 2413:" courted heavy criticism due to its religious, sexual, and racially oriented imagery. In 1990, Madonna's music video for the song " 397:

featuring a dramatized performance of the hit song. Numerous other musicians appeared in short musical subjects during this period.

8051: 6924: 2791: 2608: 2537:", was also banned by MTV as it featured a nude Björk (though the nude body was usually a fitted bodysuit rigged with red string). 5927: 4266: 3898: 8107: 7707: 6976: 3245: 2689: 737: 6537: 6308: 5078: 4942: 3040: 1415:

Two key innovations in the development of the modern music video were the development of relatively inexpensive and easy-to-use

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was able to create several memorable music videos especially for the show, including the classic film-clips for the AC/DC hits "

8319: 8217: 8124: 8095: 6189: 1328:, and later that year they produced a complete set of promo clips for each song on the album (directed by their percussionist, 6278: 1767:", which cost a reported $ 5 million. From this, "Scream" is the most expensive video to date. In the mid to late 1990s, 1548:

was outspoken in his criticism of the cable channel, claiming in 1983 that MTV's refusal to air the music video for his song "

694:'s left hand and the neck of his guitar are seen in sharp focus in the foreground while the completely out-of-focus figure of 6772: 6445: 5207: 4816: 4498: 4196: 4171: 4161: 2251: 1655:. The video for "Sledgehammer" would go on to be a phenomenal success and win nine MTV Video Music Awards. In the same year, 1046:, explained his show presented "what were, in reality, the first musical videos", while JMI Records made the same claim with 258: 5832: 4883:

McCullaugh, Jim. "Atlanta Firm Claims First Ever Nationwide Cable Music Show". Billboard Magazine. March 3, 1980 p. 1, p. 38

4863: 4331: 7089: 6991: 6779:"Music video and online social media: A case study of the discourse around Japanese imagery in the New Zealand indie scene" 6265: 2995: 2871: 2323:

of the National Coalition on TV Violence was interviewed accusing the fledgling rock video business of excessive violence.

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In the early 1980s, music videos also began to discover political and social themes. Examples include the music videos for

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which generated a media firestorm. In Canada, the debate over the banning of "Justify My Love" by the music video network

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In his autobiography, Tony Bennett claims to have created "...the first music video" when he was filmed walking along the

8151: 8141: 6568: 3579: 3363: 2959: 2908: 2812: 1830: 1744: 1303: 945: 2379:" was edited out because it showed Jackson "inappropriately" touching himself in it. His most controversial video, for " 2231: 468:'s videos show the unmistakable influence of the dance sequences in classic Hollywood musicals, including the landmark " 8156: 8009: 6538:"Stories as Pieces and Fragments as Wholes: The Influence of Final Cut Pro and Nonlinear Digital Editing on Fan Videos" 5587: 5560: 5496: 4595: 4366: 4098: 3981: 3064: 2985:

A video single contains no more than three music videos in the form of a videotape, LaserDisc or DVD. In 1983, British

2949: 2899: 2209: 1570:(CMT), was launched, created and founded by Glenn D. Daniels and uplinked from the Video World Productions facility in 1173:

in the mid-1970s, Mulcahy made successful promo films for several noted British pop acts—his early UK credits included

933: 1423:. The advent of high-quality color videotape recorders and portable video cameras coincided with the DIY ethos of the 748: 6891: 6868: 6853: 6836: 6803: 6756: 6740: 6718: 6704: 6690: 6673: 6659: 4746: 4723: 4447: 4391: 4246: 4221: 4066: 3632: 3598: 3048: 2709: 1648: 1513: 1334: 1299: 517:. The oldest example of a promotional music video with similarities to more abstract, modern videos seems to be the 7727: 7027: 6841: 5338: 4781: 2158: 1928: 1822: 1668: 1079: 553:

to accompany their songs. Its use spread to other countries, and similar machines such as the Cinebox in Italy and

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King, Bill, "Atlantans Pioneering Cable Video Music Show", The Atlanta Constitution, June 3, 1980, p. 1-B, p. 10-B

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Following the shift toward internet broadcasting and the rising popularity of user-generated video sites such as

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and asked him to shoot film footage to accompany popular songs for which there were no purpose-made clips (e.g.

637:". The short film clip he produced and directed to promote the single has a striking visual style that predates 8505: 8146: 6820: 4652: 2771: 2744: 2616: 2471: 1886:

TV shows, which were more popular with its audiences, and which MTV had itself helped to pioneer with the show

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During this period, MTV launched channels around the world to show music videos produced in each local market:

1788: 1772: 1324: 211: 4682: 1501:" – influenced by Dylan's "Subterranean Homesick Blues" clip, it featured only the text of the song's lyrics. 8232: 8227: 8222: 6966: 6749: 4919:

Denisoff, Serge R. Tarnished Gold: The record industry revisited. Oxford, UK: Transaction books, 1986. p. 369

3822: 3591: 3346: 3281: 3171: 1493:". One notable later example of the non-representational style is Bill Konersman's innovative 1987 video for 1419:

recording and editing equipment, and the development of visual effects created with techniques such as image

1085: 5468: 5056: 2963:(2005) is the top-certified longform music video with 30-time platinum (three million units shipped), while 2533:" was banned from MTV for depictions of sexual intercourse, fellatio, and body piercings. Her next single, " 1978:

for their artists, while other labels view music videos not as an advertisement, but as the product itself.

937:, which mixed Godard's politics with documentary footage of the song's evolution during recording sessions. 8102: 6961: 6917: 4970: 2638:

in character as Daisy Duke, was controversial for featuring Simpson in "revealing" outfits and washing the

2624: 2076: 1764: 1441: 662: 537:, a visual jukebox, was introduced in France and short films were produced by many French artists, such as 409:

film jukebox, were musical films that often included short dance sequences, similar to later music videos.

6595: 5986:"30 Seconds To Mars Releases Clean Version Of Controversial "Hurricane" Video, Makes Last.fm Best Of 2010" 5386: 3221:" and sent it to the band. They liked the result so much that it was included on their greatest hits DVD. 8212: 8090: 3101:

Beginning in the early 2000s, artists in Japan may release singles in the CD+DVD format. Japanese singer

2380: 2146:" composed of the song's lyrics superimposed onto or next to members of the band, was released. In 1990, 2135: 1498: 1388: 1196: 1186: 1012:

concert on August 19, 1972. It shows Bowie and band mimicking to the record intercut with footage of the

885: 862: 800: 757: 506: 482: 427: 393: 17: 4296: 1732:, went on to direct feature films. This continued a trend that had begun earlier with directors such as 1412:, owed a great deal of their success to the skillful construction and seductive appeal of their videos. 8500: 8312: 7842: 7094: 6099: 5884: 5858: 3763: 2714: 2584: 2220:, which featured topless women mud wrestling and other depictions of sexual fetishes was banned by the 2201: 1888: 1319: 1307: 1205: 1147: 910: 477: 6487: 6330: 4573: 4467: 4033: 7873: 7161: 6884: 5296: 4907:

Werts, Dianne, "Din of Modern Hit Parade Invades Cable Homes", The Dallas Morning News, May 23, 1980,

3936:"Complex Ramifications: Musical Short Films of the 1930s-1940s & African-American Jazz Musicians" 3827: 3807: 3656: 2807: 2576: 2394: 2356: 2243: 2178: 1878: 1814:, originally called "M2" and meant to show more alternative and older music videos, debuted in 1996. 1571: 983: 451: 251: 54: 5445: 8421: 8273: 8197: 7712: 7361: 7356: 7078: 3424: 2799: 2127: 1919:

capitalized on the growing trend, having achieved fame through the videos for two of their songs, "

1640: 1567: 1287: 1051: 829: 7306: 5523:"What's the Future Of the Music Video? YouTube, Spotify & More Share Visions For What's Ahead" 2470:" was banned in some countries due to depictions of drug use and nudity. The Prodigy's video for " 2330:

producer Tom Lynch weighed in on the effects of the video violence controversy. Recording artists

279:

and Joe Stern hired electrician George Thomas and various artists to promote sales of their song "

8459: 8411: 8285: 7983: 7604: 7037: 6910: 5650: 5412: 5319: 5227: 4621: 3468: 3105:

has been credited as the "creator of the CD+DVD format"; one of the examples is her 2005 single "

2940: 2722: 2545: 2360: 2266:" was banned by MTV for having completely nude women dancing around the members of the band in a 1768: 1466: 724: 680: 654: 447: 6786: 2627:" for containing women dancing in a sexually suggestive way; however, the video was not banned. 8495: 7296: 6678: 6073: 5736: 4518: 4271: 3615: 3439: 3404: 3358: 3164: 2718: 2685: 2673: 2096: 2036: 1961:; the single became the most successful of Weezer's career, in chart performance. In 2007, the 1664: 1583: 1178: 1166: 878: 858: 719: 421: 6896: 5577: 2534: 8515: 8490: 8485: 8454: 8305: 8177: 7969: 7564: 7066: 7032: 7022: 7017: 5714: 5550: 3744: 3625: 3610: 3293: 2646: 2592: 2497:" was banned from MTV, as the video and lyrics touch on the sensitive matter of child abuse. 2387:

messages in the song and the visuals in the background of the "Prison Version" of the video.

2275: 2143: 1954: 1780: 1123: 1037:, with Fox posing provocatively in the street while Bowie lounges against the wall, smoking. 971: 924: 884:

The Rolling Stones appeared in many promotional clips for their songs in the 1960s. In 1966,

743: 573: 280: 77: 5675:"The Chainsmokers & Coldplay Break YouTube Record for Most Single-Day Lyric Video Views" 118:

Music videos use a wide range of styles and contemporary video-making techniques, including

8525: 8520: 7962: 7772: 7732: 6778: 5959: 5637: 5527: 3802: 3084: 2929:

chart on March 30, 1985 (now known as Music Video Sales chart). Its first chart-topper was

2917: 2642:

in her bikini. The controversy resulted in the music video being banned in some countries.

2486: 2410: 2406: 2398: 1462: 1428: 1332:) and to market these on videocassette. This was followed a year later by the video album, 920: 732: 357:, which featured several interpretations of classical pieces, were built around music. The 353: 244: 6986: 6069: 6025: 5105: 3163:

loaded into a slide carousel and played in conjunction with a song. Fan videos made using

2279:

ran a segment on censorship and "Rock Video Violence". The episode explored the impact of

1717: 528: 8: 8342: 7923: 7702: 7115: 3739: 3382: 3288: 3218: 3198: 3189: 3076: 1958: 1351: 842: 416:

made short films for his songs, some of which were spliced together into a feature film,

206: 195: 7055: 617:', which Dorfman filmed and directed in the rooftop garden of London's Kensington-based 8464: 8426: 8372: 7524: 7439: 7351: 7213: 7071: 6996: 6829: 6728: 5931: 4996: 4947: 3902: 3877: 3869: 3679: 3518: 3095: 3044: 3024: 2964: 2906:. The video collection features music videos of all songs from her ninth studio album, 2903: 2895: 2862: 2515: 2316: 2283:

rock video violence on the youth of the early 1980s. Excerpts from the music videos of

2205: 2052: 1924: 1883: 1652: 1372: 1367: 1273: 905: 866: 821: 710: 514: 227: 131: 5758: 3954: 3094:, DVD singles are quite common (with the single available on DVD as well as CD and/or 2595:

was banned by their label due to its violence and sexual content. The following year,

1733: 1021:

standing against a white background. It also includes location footage with Bowie and

542: 8237: 8192: 8182: 7908: 7903: 7883: 7878: 7750: 7671: 7663: 7640: 7630: 7569: 7326: 7311: 7140: 6887: 6864: 6849: 6832: 6816: 6799: 6782: 6768: 6752: 6736: 6714: 6700: 6686: 6669: 6655: 6611: 6545: 5583: 5556: 5203: 5082: 4812: 4742: 4719: 4494: 4443: 4387: 4362: 4306: 4242: 4217: 4192: 4167: 4094: 4062: 3881: 3574: 3485: 3370: 3351: 3143:

DVD sales chart, due to the non-existence of a separate DVD single ranking in Japan.

2740: 2700: 2639: 2604: 2467: 2402: 2131: 1799: 1743:

Two of the videos directed by Romanek in 1995 are notable for being two of the three

1713: 1625: 1509: 1494: 1458: 1401: 1229: 825: 642: 568: 559: 502: 498: 6048:"Lady Gaga's New Zealand tour thrills fans as MTV bans Telephone video with Beyonce" 5633:

Lyric Videos: Is this a trend now? Britney Spears' 'Criminal' joins the YouTube fray

1555:

MTV also influences music video shows aired on other American TV channels, such as:

7939: 7853: 7755: 7687: 7579: 7505: 7469: 7464: 7331: 7263: 7208: 7110: 6214: 5291: 4216:(First ed.). New York: McNidder & Grace. pp. xi, xii (Introduction). 3861: 3817: 3586: 3535: 3480: 3429: 3416: 3258: 3106: 3091: 2990: 2926: 2787: 2259: 2235: 2162: 1701: 1660: 1629: 1540: 1375:

as being the first with nationwide video music programming on American television.

892:" In 1967, Whitehead directed a plot clip colour promo clip for the Stones single " 874: 804: 728: 650: 614: 538: 522: 509:". The clip was sent to UK and US television stations and aired on shows including 330: 288: 163: 127: 101: 93: 6781:. Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology & Cultural Studies 13 (2): 163–186. 6453: 6286: 4335: 2075:

playlists. Early adopters of vertical video releases include the number-one hits "

8347: 7807: 7800: 7528: 7449: 7366: 7336: 7321: 7316: 5995: 5964: 5838: 5326: 5168:

Billboard April 9, 1983 and Hendersonville Free Press April 6, 1983 available at

5023: 4056: 3756: 3334: 3225: 3028: 3005: 2890: 2635: 2510: 2451: 2439: 2414: 2372: 2331: 2284: 2247: 2166: 2064: 2008: 1748: 1520: 1397: 1346: 1234: 1201: 1115: 1009: 928: 691: 671: 626: 618: 594: 585: 581: 546: 473: 465: 369: 276: 89: 7291: 2713:; however, other Australian programs aired the video uncensored. The video for " 1291:

was one of the first American programs to showcase these videos as an art form.

8352: 8247: 7679: 7635: 7599: 7515: 7491: 7454: 7386: 7203: 6933: 6793:

Rocking Around the Clock. Music Television, Postmodernism, and Consumer Culture

6652: 5659: 5224:"Peter Gabriel | Music Artist | Videos, News, Photos & Ringtones" 4834:"Party On: Queen's Brian May Remembers 'Bohemian Rhapsody' on 40th Anniversary" 4630: 4412: 3649: 3409: 3322: 3210: 3180: 3175: 3113: 3102: 3068: 3052: 3020: 2931: 2876: 2858: 2726: 2669: 2564:

aired the girls' performance with the kiss replaced by audience footage. NBC's

2459: 2426: 2376: 2320: 2292: 2227: 2147: 2084: 2080: 2020: 1935: 1920: 1792: 1615: 1478: 1424: 1357: 1278: 1170: 1058:. Promotional films of country music songs, however, continued to be produced. 995: 987: 963: 901: 809: 667: 518: 491: 347: 6747:

Dancing in the Distraction Factory : Music Television and Popular Culture

6576: 5249: 5147: 4758: 1663:". The video featured 3D animations of the group. It was a collaboration with 480:", which was influenced by the stylized dance "fights" in the film version of 8479: 7828: 7520: 7459: 7391: 7248: 7228: 7198: 5149:

David Bowie Criticizes MTV for Not Playing Videos by Black Artists | MTV News

5051: 4407: 4310: 3727: 3310: 3229: 2954: 2922: 2921:

magazine introduced the weekly best-selling music video sales ranking in the

2880: 2751: 2661: 2654: 2553: 2422: 2418: 2343: 2300: 2213: 2139: 2100: 1900: 1752: 1737: 1725: 1705: 1685: 1644: 1490: 1240: 1209: 1127: 1119: 1062: 1030: 941: 846: 788: 702: 599:

which they produced in tandem and directed in weekly rotation until the 1970s

564: 443: 316: 304: 284: 185: 108: 6813:

Rewind, Play, Fast Forward: The Past, Present and Future of the Music Video.

4599: 3985: 1651:" used special effects and animation techniques developed by British studio 373:, were initially fashioned around specific songs from upcoming Warner Bros. 8328: 8242: 8207: 7976: 7955: 7821: 7692: 7650: 7625: 7584: 7574: 7548: 7474: 7444: 7371: 7223: 7171: 7119: 6971: 6808: 5552:

Rewind, Play, Fast Forward: The Past, Present and Future of the Music Video

4301: 3715: 3552: 3530: 3056: 2832: 2803: 2600: 2530: 2384: 2339: 2335: 2325: 2197: 1996: 1939: 1904: 1818: 1807: 1729: 1721: 1680: 1636: 1474: 1329: 1221: 1217: 1131: 1114:. In need of material for the show, Webb approached Seven newsroom staffer 1047: 1022: 1013: 991: 967: 959: 854: 820:

featured in several promotional clips, beginning with their 1965 clip for "

783: 747:. It aired on Top of the Pops on 2 June. The colour promotional clips for " 686: 675: 638: 630: 605: 589: 550: 435: 413: 388: 378: 374: 363: 358: 338: 321: 312: 190: 5270:"WATCH: David Bowie's New Video (Directed by OCAD Grad Floria Sigismondi)" 4146: 3090:

In the United Kingdom where up to 3 physical formats are eligible for the

828:" (1966) shows the band acting like a gang of thieves. The promo film to " 786:

were being released in the mid-1960s, at least as early as 1964, with the

8406: 8367: 8252: 8187: 8004: 7779: 7658: 7536: 7484: 7479: 7434: 7407: 7376: 7346: 7341: 7301: 7273: 7243: 7238: 7156: 6724: 3778: 3751: 3637: 3501: 3193: 3060: 2969: 2944: 2936: 2837:

Music videos have been released commercially on physical formats such as

2580: 2549: 2490: 2463: 2352: 2312: 2308: 2296: 2288: 2217: 2044: 2040: 1975: 1776: 1709: 1613:

in 1991. Another important development in music videos was the launch of

1591: 1587: 1549: 1532: 1528: 1505: 1486: 1470: 1420: 1405: 1392: 1343: 1295: 1282: 1182: 1135: 1026: 975: 952: 897: 893: 706: 695: 646: 610: 554: 521:"Dáme si do bytu" ("We´ll put in the apartment") created and directed by 487: 342: 334: 272: 123: 6190:"Jason Aldean Video for 'Try That in a Small Town' Pulled Amid Backlash" 5356:"The Most Expensive Music Videos Ever Made: Mariah Carey – Heartbreaker" 4386:(First ed.). New York: McNidder and Grace Limited. pp. 3, 27. 3893: 3891: 3019:, they readily issued DVD singles, and some popular DVD singles include 2943:

began the similar chart in the United Kingdom on January 30, 1994, with

1004:). The clip for "John, I'm Only Dancing" was made with a budget of just 7913: 7835: 7740: 7429: 7412: 7268: 7218: 7061: 6262:

The Last Mogul: Lew Wasserman, MCA, and the Hidden History of Hollywood

5497:"Snapchat and Spotify challenge YouTube as premiere music video source" 4267:"Music Video Pioneer Stanley Dorfman Recalls Bowie, Sinatra and Lennon" 3916: 3873: 3691: 3668: 3214: 3156: 3012:. "Justify My Love" remains the best-selling video single of all time. 3008:" as a video single in 1990 following the blacklisting of the video by 2885: 2620: 2494: 2447: 2304: 2267: 2000: 1606: 1545: 1174: 1158: 1034: 1000: 978:

featured in a series of promotional films directed by pop photographer

923:. In 1968, Michael Lindsay-Hogg directed three clips for their single " 838: 833: 766: 752: 529:

Beginnings of popular music television and promotional clips: 1960–1973

510: 300: 5409:"Queen Rania calls on music world to support 1GOAL education campaign" 4544: 3852:

Cutietta, Robert (1985). "Using Rock Music Videos to Your Advantage".

3036: 2676:

banned the video when the group refused to release an edited version.

2668:" is a case in point, gaining notoriety for clips featuring guitarist 2270:, although they did produce another version that was accepted by MTV. 2130:" interspersed the song's lyrics with abstract film footage. In 1987, 1873:, which hosted short videos including music videos, launched in 1997. 761:; it was written and directed by the group and first broadcast on the 494:" Richardson was the first to coin the phrase "music video", in 1959. 8362: 8172: 7868: 7786: 7532: 7381: 7253: 7166: 6796: 6592:"music - Placebo, English Summer Rain video details, and DVD special" 5990: 5788: 5359: 4759:"Sparks - This Town Ain't Big Enough for Both of Us (Official Video)" 3888: 3832: 3720: 3276: 3202:, in which concert footage of the Beatles is remixed with footage of 3118: 3016: 2842: 2838: 2782: 2767: 2696: 2557: 2458:

due to its perceived subliminal endorsement of the recreational drug

2434: 2430: 2016: 2012: 1970: 1803: 1784: 1656: 1620: 1575: 1339: 1315: 1089:, both of which premiered in 1974, followed in the steps of the UK's 979: 870: 796: 534: 308: 173: 119: 85: 84:

purposes. Modern music videos are primarily made and used as a music

50: 6763:

La Dictadura del Videoclip. Industria musical y sueños prefabricados

5902:"Rascal Flatts - Saucy Country Video Creates A Storm Of Controversy" 4660: 3865: 2579:" generated controversy due to intimate scenes between the frontman 1995:

As of 2017, the most-watched English-language video on YouTube was "

1843: 1435:

for most recording artists. The phenomenon was famously parodied by

1248:

of the 1970s, music videos were sometimes broadcast on music shows:

8449: 8416: 8357: 7948: 7898: 7793: 7422: 7417: 4690: 3732: 3703: 3446: 3135: 2986: 2704: 2572: 2541: 2519: 2088: 2068: 1908: 1610: 1482: 557:

in the U.S. were patented. In 1961, for the Canadian-produced show

401: 81: 8389: 3072: 2526: 2234:" video in 1984, but relented when the network refused to air the 505:, with the resulting clip being set to his recording of the song " 7697: 7620: 7594: 7552: 7135: 6902: 5254: 4763: 3696: 3473: 3397: 3233: 3152: 3080: 3001: 2850: 2755: 2588: 2506: 2390: 2154: 2092: 2072: 2032: 2004: 1912: 1899:, which made the viewing of online video much faster and easier; 1896: 1874: 1760: 1601:

In 1985, MTV's Viacom (currently Paramount) launched the channel

1536: 1409: 1042: 817: 439: 406: 326: 216: 178: 168: 139: 97: 1265: 1098:

launched a weekly teen-oriented TV music show which screened on

955:

appeared in promotional clips, such as his 1968 hit, "Walk On".

772: 377:. Live-action musical shorts, featuring such popular artists as 315:) featured many bands, vocalists, and dancers. Animation artist 8297: 7722: 7258: 6122:"Rihanna causes controversy with S&M video - watch it here" 3140: 2974: 2730: 2665: 2596: 2123: 2116: 2048: 1989: 1966: 1950: 1579: 1362: 1099: 660:

Also in 1964, the Beatles starred in their first feature film,

634: 135: 6709:

Durant, Alan (1984). Cited in Middleton, Richard (1990/2002).

3139:

edition. The DVD singles are popular and chart in the generic

2548:" caused controversy as it featured the young Russian girls, 341:

and other singers from the 1930s. The early animated films by

8431: 7543: 7193: 6877:, in Australian Journal of Cultural Studies 1/1,1983, 107–110 6331:"Official Music Video Chart Top 50 - Official Charts Company" 5199:

British Music Videos 1966 - 2016: Genre, Authenticity and Art

3812: 3203: 3185: 2854: 2736: 2650: 2612: 1969:, YouTube assured the RIAA that they would find a way to pay 1916: 1870: 1826: 1416: 1225: 1139: 1103: 384: 73: 65: 5170: 5019:"How David Bowie's 'China Girl' used racism to fight racism" 3170:

A well-known example of an unofficial video is one made for

2514:

was broadcast unedited after 10 pm. The video was banned in

2063:

In the late 2010s, some artists began releasing alternative

7893: 7745: 7233: 7125: 7001: 5440: 3788: 3567: 3545: 3511: 3494:(3ABN Dare to Dream Network, 3ABN Praise Him Music Network) 3461: 3327: 3303: 3263: 2482: 2239: 2003:. As of 2018, the most-watched remix video on YouTube was " 1985: 1962: 1943: 1811: 1261: 1005: 69: 2603:" caused controversy over its parody of Michael Jackson's 2224:. MTV did air the video, albeit in a heavily edited form. 7918: 7888: 7814: 7589: 7130: 6882:

Experiencing Music Video: Aesthetics and Cultural Context

5473: 3768: 3707: 3684: 3672: 3661: 3603: 3557: 3523: 3451: 3387: 3375: 3339: 3315: 3009: 2846: 2475: 2455: 2280: 2255: 2221: 2193: 1759:", which allegedly cost $ 7 million to produce, and 1697: 1672: 1602: 1436: 1384: 1190: 762: 232: 112: 6511:"Celebrating Kandy Fong: Founder of Fannish Music Video" 2977:

with 19-time platinum (1.9 million units shipped).

2401:". Outcry occurred over the subject matter (relating to 2383:", was banned from MTV, VH1, and BBC due to the alleged 1378: 890:

Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby, Standing In The Shadow?

319:

introduced a series of sing-along short cartoons called

6666:

The Bloomsbury Handbook of Popular Music Video Analysis

6513:. In Media Res: A Media Commons Project. Archived from 4930:

Strange Fascination – David Bowie: The Definitive Story

4442:. Berkeley, CA: Last Gasp. pp. 4, 10, 26, 66, 76. 4241:(First ed.). McNidder & Grace. pp. 3, 4. 2707:" was not played on the Australian music video program 1189:" (1979), which became the first music video played on 1163:

It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)

990:" (November 1972), the December 1972 US re-release of " 841:

produced promotional films for their songs, including "

2026: 1559:, launched in 1983 on the terrestrial network NBC and 1008:

200 and filmed at the afternoon rehearsal for Bowie's

6650:

Monopoly Television: Mtv's Quest to Control the Music

5785:"Egypt: State censorship committee bans music videos" 1957:" also captured this trend, by including at least 20 4493:. Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books. pp. 163, 164. 4400: 4058:

Sh-Boom!: The Explosion of Rock 'n' Roll (1953-1968)

3791:, 3ABN International, 3ABN Praise Him Music Network) 3570:, 3ABN International, 3ABN Praise Him Music Network) 3514:, 3ABN International, 3ABN Praise Him Music Network) 3306:, 3ABN International, 3ABN Praise Him Music Network) 807:

was featured in Pennebaker's Dylan film documentary

431:

Musicals of the 1950s led to short-form music videos

6171:"Sam Smith's racy music video sparks fierce debate" 4922: 4739:

Country Music: 70 Years of America's Favorite Music

2587:

flowers added in to cover up more. The video for "

1691: 5955:"Video Ban: 30 Seconds to Mars Too Sexual For MTV" 5436:"Universal, YouTube near deal on music video site" 5130:Why it took MTV so long to play black music videos 4491:Revolver: How the Beatles Reimagined Rock 'n' Roll 4359:Top of the Pops: 1964-2002: It's still Number One! 4189:Anger: The Unauthorized Biography of Kenneth Anger 2993:released the first commercial video single titled 2342:of Kiss, along with directors Dominic Orlando and 877:" promotional clips for a song. For their single " 4718:Hee Haw, Boulevard Books, New York, 1996, p. 34. 4541:"Dave Emlen's Kinks Website - Kinks Music Videos" 4115:"History of Czechoslovak music clips before 1989" 2611:, and hair catching fire during the filming of a 2397:", and amplified over time due to clips such as " 1844:2005–present: Music video downloads and streaming 420:. These films were, according to music historian 8477: 6145:"Lil Nas X's evil gay Satanic agenda, explained" 5329:. Boardsmag.com. Retrieved on November 20, 2012. 4091:The Good Life: The Autobiography Of Tony Bennett 2953:reaching number one. According to the RIAA, the 2915:Due to the increase of video albums popularity, 2230:initially protested an MTV request to edit her " 1539:", were instrumental in getting music videos by 645:" video by a full decade. It also predates what 294: 6569:"The Beatles vs Jay-Z [The Grey Album]" 6242:. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. October 11, 1980 5520: 5387:"There's No Music Television in MTV's New Logo" 4230: 2103:is the most-watched vertical video on YouTube. 4864:"What were music videos made for in the 70's?" 4564: 4562: 4260: 4258: 4205: 3127: 2729:, simulating rape, and appearing to swallow a 2169:, is the most-watched lyric video on YouTube. 1598:for their work in pioneering the music video. 1025:(a MainMan employee and a friend of David and 486:. According to the Internet Accuracy Project, 8313: 6918: 6664:Burns, Lori A. and Stan Hawkins, eds. (2019) 6471: 6311:. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. March 30, 1985 6279:"Music Video Sales : Page 1 - Billboard" 5787:. Freemuse.org. April 1, 2005. Archived from 5605:"More Than Words: The Art Of The Lyric Video" 5548: 5469:"Lo-fi filmmaker takes stars to street level" 5466: 4776: 4774: 4291: 4289: 4159: 3232:" by the Beatles was included on The Beatles 1349:, who started making short musical films for 1208:during a Queen + Adam Lambert concert at the 865:, who also made several pioneering clips for 252: 6187: 5320:Piers Ford, "Prince of Darkness", 1 May 2004 2417:" was banned by MTV due to its depiction of 962:featured in a series of promotional films: " 649:did with promotional films of their single " 6616:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5602: 5494: 4995:. Mvdbase.com. June 7, 1958. Archived from 4915: 4913: 4879: 4877: 4570:"Music Video Database - The Rolling Stones" 4559: 4255: 1365:for music video, directed by William Dear. 904:underway at that time. Jagger's girlfriend 888:directed two promo clips for their single " 8320: 8306: 6925: 6911: 6733:Sound & Vision. The music video reader 6437: 6096:"Ciara's back with smooth new single Ride" 5896: 5894: 5579:R.E.M. | Fiction: An Alternative Biography 4831: 4811:. Mel Bay Publications, Inc. p. 243. 4771: 4733: 4731: 4710: 4708: 4286: 3146: 2721:, for showing the singer dressed in a red 1992:and Vevo sharing the advertising revenue. 1256:, and occasionally on certain talk shows. 259: 245: 145: 7400: 5549:Keazor, Henry; Wübbena, Thorsten (2010). 5103: 4741:, HarperCollins, New York, 1993, p. 179. 4488: 4437: 4381: 4236: 4211: 4140: 4138: 4012:- "Dance: From Musicals To Music Videos"" 2867:Recording Industry Association of America 2007:" by Casper Mágico featuring Nio García, 1181:" (1979) and his landmark video clip for 1067:This Town Ain't Big Enough for Both of Us 1065:made a promotional video for their song " 391:appeared in a two-reel short film called 6566: 5881:"Rascal Flatts Discuss Their Racy Video" 5812:"Has Sienna Miller found love in Bloom?" 5433: 5145: 4943:"David Bowie, Master of the Music Video" 4910: 4903: 4901: 4874: 4061:. Morgan James Publishing. p. 238. 3982:"Music Video Database - "Material Girl"" 3851: 3464:, 3ABN International, 3ABN Kids Network) 2973:(2005) is the top-certified music video 1847: 1582:in 1984. In 1984, MTV also launched the 1195: 771: 577:used popular songs instead of dialogue. 426: 31: 6848:. Philadelphia: Open University Press. 6777:Johnson, Henry & Oli Wilson (2016) 6713:. Philadelphia: Open University Press. 6699:New Brunswick: Transaction publishers, 6589: 6477: 6050:. Dailytelegraph.com.au. March 23, 2013 5891: 5603:Blankenship, Mark (February 29, 2012). 5575: 5427: 5384: 5104:Winterman, Denise (November 30, 2007). 4891: 4889: 4728: 4705: 4361:. BBC Consumer Publishing. p. 22. 4356: 4088: 3246:List of music video television channels 3239: 2754:", which features the Barbadian singer 2405:) discussed in the video for the song " 1745:most expensive music videos of all time 1688:to a mass audience for the first time. 1106:on Saturday mornings; this was renamed 738:The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus 130:, and non-narrative approaches such as 88:device intended to promote the sale of 27:Video featuring a performance of a song 14: 8478: 6897:Thomas Dreher: History of Computer Art 6509:Coppa, Francesca (November 19, 2007). 6142: 5698: 5627: 5625: 5401: 5385:Stanley, Caroline (February 8, 2010). 5195: 5106:"Thrills and spills and record breaks" 4806: 4800: 4596:"Music Video Database - "We Love You"" 4515:"Music Video Database - Peter Goldman" 4433: 4431: 4186: 4135: 2615:commercial. The video was banned from 2355:'s aforementioned "Girls on Film" and 2115:is a type of music video in which the 1110:in 1975 and later shortened simply to 994:" and the 1973 release of the single " 832:" (1968) tells a story of how drummer 92:. These videos are typically shown on 8301: 6906: 6535: 6508: 6188:Albeck-Ripka, Livia (July 19, 2023). 5928:"CMT.com: CMT - Top Twenty Countdown" 5809: 5672: 5272:. Toronto Standard. February 26, 2013 4898: 4832:Sutherland, Mark (October 30, 2015). 4716:Life in the Kornfield: My 25 Years at 4264: 2821: 1684:introduced; the show helped to bring 1379:1981–1991: Music videos go mainstream 998:" (lifted from Bowie's earlier album 381:, were also distributed to theaters. 291:, the first step toward music video. 6861:The Rolling Stone book of rock video 6480:"Madonna Delivers New Videos On DVD" 6443: 6207: 6022:"Thirty Seconds to Mars / Hurricane" 5952: 5759:"Robbie video banned for 'Satanism'" 5226:. MTV. June 27, 2008. Archived from 4886: 4334:. September 16, 2014. Archived from 4054: 3250: 115:based its format around the medium. 45:An animated music video produced by 8152:Global Recording Artist of the Year 8120:Highest-grossing live music artists 6827:You Stand There: Making Music Video 6542:World Building: Space and Community 6415:"Madonna, 'Justify My Love' (1990)" 5998:. December 23, 2010. Archived from 5873: 5631:Strecker, Erin (October 14, 2011). 5622: 5467:Mark Thompson (February 19, 2008). 5411:. December 10, 2009. Archived from 5292:"Floria Sigismondi's Runaway Movie" 4782:"Dino Scatena: "Clip go the years"" 4428: 4265:Riefe, Jordan (February 11, 2016). 4034:"J. P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson" 3580:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 3364:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 3134:will be released at Hello! Project 2960:Farewell 1 Tour-Live from Melbourne 2027:Official lo-fi Internet music clips 1833:, costing over $ 2.5 million. 1371:credits the independently produced 1318:had major success with the single " 1314:The same year, New Zealander group 55:artificial intelligence singularity 24: 6932: 6683:The Rise and Fall of Popular Music 6642: 6635:DVD audio commentary, Virgin, 2004 6536:Brown, Lyndsay (January 1, 2007). 5810:Walls, Jeannette (July 27, 2005). 5362:. October 17, 2009. Archived from 4543:. Kinks.it.rit.edu. Archived from 4144: 4089:Bennett, Tony (December 7, 2010). 3952: 3065:Satellite 15... The Final Frontier 2939:containing four music videos. The 2653:, with the youths mainly being of 2481:In 1993, the Australian rock band 2058: 633:wanted to promote his version of " 424:, the "ancestors" of music video. 96:and on streaming video sites like 76:with imagery that is produced for 25: 8537: 5953:Vick, Megan (November 30, 2010). 5555:. transcript Verlag. p. 20. 5521:Havens, Lyndsey (July 26, 2018). 4384:Top of the Pops: 50th Anniversary 4239:Top of the Pops: 50th Anniversary 4214:Top of the Pops: 50th Anniversary 4160:Ernest J. *** (October 1, 2004). 3933: 3599:The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour 2695:In 2010, a rumor circulated that 1861:A video promoting Spoon's album 1335:The Completion Backward Principle 456:Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend 8388: 8327: 8281: 8280: 8267: 7297:Artists and repertoire (A&R) 7028:Universal Music Publishing Group 6624: 6583: 6560: 6529: 6502: 6478:Mancini, Rob (August 14, 2000). 6407: 6398: 6373: 6348: 6323: 6301: 6271: 6254: 6168: 6124:. mirror.co.uk. February 2, 2011 5434:Sandoval, Greg (March 4, 2009). 3548:, 3ABN Praise Him Music Network) 3159:in 1975 using still images from 3112:The Japanese music conglomerate 2861:. Video albums are eligible for 2632:These Boots Are Made for Walkin' 2478:due to its references to arson. 2437:led to the launching in 1991 of 2258:for being "in gross bad taste". 2208:'s 1981 video for the hit song " 2192:The first video to be banned by 2071:'s "Discover" section or within 1946:with video playback capability. 1840:had its own Music Video Awards. 1692:1992–2004: Rise of the directors 1669:New York Institute of Technology 1383:In 1981, the U.S. video channel 946:These Boots Are Made for Walkin' 450:) which was closely modelled on 405:, produced and released for the 7718:Entertainment Monitoring Africa 6899:Chap. IV.2.1.4.2: Music Videos. 6421:. July 13, 2011. Archived from 6232: 6181: 6162: 6136: 6114: 6088: 6062: 6040: 6014: 5978: 5946: 5920: 5843: 5826: 5803: 5777: 5751: 5729: 5707: 5692: 5666: 5643: 5596: 5569: 5542: 5514: 5488: 5460: 5378: 5348: 5332: 5312: 5284: 5262: 5242: 5216: 5196:Caston, Emily (July 31, 2020). 5189: 5162: 5139: 5123: 5097: 5071: 5039: 5011: 4985: 4963: 4935: 4856: 4825: 4809:A Concise History of Rock Music 4751: 4675: 4645: 4614: 4588: 4533: 4507: 4482: 4456: 4375: 4350: 4324: 4180: 4153: 4121: 4107: 4082: 4048: 3272:(3ABN Praise Him Music Network) 2980: 2134:released a video for his song " 2106: 1700:began screening videos made by 1206:"Bohemian Rhapsody" music video 970:", "No More Mr. Nice Guy" and " 916:Their Satanic Majesties Request 361:cartoons, even today billed as 8218:Largest recorded music markets 8125:Highest-grossing concert tours 6444:Wolf, Jessica (May 25, 2003). 6143:Romano, Aja (March 29, 2021). 5673:Stutz, Colin (March 1, 2017). 5202:. Edinburgh University Press. 5079:"Michael Jackson - Thriller –" 5055:. May 12, 1983. Archived from 4714:Lovullo, Sam, and Mark Eliot, 4416:. February 28, 1970. p. 6 4055:Cole, Clay (October 1, 2009). 4026: 4000: 3974: 3965: 3946: 3927: 3909: 3845: 2826: 2566:The Tonight Show with Jay Leno 2505:In 2000, the music video for " 2371:In 1991, the dance segment of 1578:video channel was launched in 1465:", directed by Arnold Levine, 13: 1: 6875:Video Clips and Popular Music 6750:University of Minnesota Press 6668:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 6594:. IndieLondon. Archived from 6567:Jom dooT (November 2, 2011). 5582:. Random House. p. 146. 5345:. Retrieved November 20, 2012 5146:MTV News (January 11, 2016), 4598:. Mvdbase.com. Archived from 4572:. Mvdbase.com. Archived from 4517:. Mvdbase.com. Archived from 4466:. Mvdbase.com. Archived from 4408:"Launching pad for new discs" 4166:. Formac Publishing Company. 4163:Remembering Singalong Jubilee 3984:. Mvdbase.com. Archived from 3838: 3823:List of one-shot music videos 3347:The Click List: Top 10 Videos 3213:fan from South Africa made a 2996:The Human League Video Single 2875:(1979) by American rock band 2172: 1277:, created by Jerry Crowe and 974:". Also during late 1972–73, 795:The monochrome 1965 clip for 741:and the Beatles' final film, 295:Talkies, soundies, and shorts 8274:Record production portal 7090:Independent UK record labels 6811:; Wübbena, Thorsten (2010). 6381:"Gold & Platinum - RIAA" 6356:"Gold & Platinum - RIAA" 6098:. Ciaraworld. Archived from 5047:"David Bowie: Straight Time" 4973:. mvdbase.com. June 23, 1953 4689:. 5years.com. Archived from 4685:The Ziggy Stardust Companion 4659:. 5years.com. Archived from 4655:The Ziggy Stardust Companion 4191:. HarperCollins Publishers. 3955:"Mills Panoram and Soundies" 2779:I'm Not Here To Make Friends 2605:2005 child molestation trial 1294:In 1980, the music video to 1072: 944:filmed a clip for her song " 7: 8142:Most-attended concert tours 6264:(New York: Da Capo, 2001), 5965:Nielsen Business Media, Inc 5339:"100 Greatest Music Videos" 5318:Ford, Piers. (May 1, 2004) 5081:. Avrev.com. Archived from 4382:Humphries, Patrick (2013). 4297:"Timeline: Top of the Pops" 4237:Humphries, Patrick (2013). 4212:Humphries, Patrick (2013). 4147:"Jukebox History 1952-1998" 4036:. Internet Accuracy Project 3901:. PBS. 2004. Archived from 3796: 3217:video for the band's song " 3071:'s "Superthruster" (1999), 2935:(1984), a videocassette by 1892:, which premiered in 1992. 1863:Spacey Boy and Sadness Girl 1389:Video Killed the Radio Star 1254:Don Kirshner's Rock Concert 1187:Video Killed the Radio Star 1169:". After relocating to the 1142:. As it gained popularity, 801:Subterranean Homesick Blues 666:, directed by US filmmaker 49:, featuring a depiction of 10: 8542: 8157:Wealthiest musical artists 8010:Best-selling music artists 6695:Denisoff, R. Serge (1991) 6070:"Lady Gaga Mimics Madonna" 5660:"Krokmitën - 'Alpha-Beta'" 5325:February 17, 2012, at the 4868:Steve Hoffman Music Forums 4657:– "John I'm Only Dancing"" 4633:. YouTube. October 3, 2009 4631:"Roy Orbison - 'Walk On.'" 4489:Rodriguez, Robert (2012). 3764:VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown 3606:; first broadcast in 1968) 3243: 3192:" with music sampled from 2830: 2798:In 2023, the music video " 2777:In 2023, the music video " 2359:with "Relax", directed by 2176: 1825:" (featuring guest rapper 1609:was launched in 1987, and 1439:television comedy program 1232:" on the BBC music series 1228:to show their new single " 911:2000 Light Years From Home 861:", the latter directed by 657:", both released in 1966. 8440: 8397: 8386: 8335: 8261: 8165: 7997: 7932: 7861: 7852: 7764: 7728:New Zealand singles chart 7649: 7613: 7504: 7282: 7184: 7149: 7103: 7046: 7010: 6949: 6940: 6885:Columbia University Press 6319:– via Google Books. 6250:– via Google Books. 6215:"About the Awards - RIAA" 4438:Lefkowitz, Eric (1989) . 3917:"Cab Calloway(1907-1994)" 3828:Semiotics of music videos 3808:First 24-hour music video 3785:Your Favorites by Request 3657:Video Jukebox (TV series) 3318:; 2000-December 19, 2014) 3128: 2357:Frankie Goes to Hollywood 2244:If I Could Turn Back Time 2179:Sexuality in music videos 1879:peer-to-peer file sharing 1572:Hendersonville, Tennessee 1442:Not The Nine O'Clock News 749:Strawberry Fields Forever 698:sings in the background. 8198:Christian music industry 7713:GfK Entertainment charts 7357:Professional audio store 6880:Vernallis, Carol (2004) 6761:Illescas, Jon E. (2015) 6446:"RIAA lauds DVD singles" 5857:. London. Archived from 5699:Sfetcu, Nicolae (2014). 5662:. YouTube. June 2, 2011. 5171:"Big Daddy CMT & Me" 3899:"Music Video 1900 Style" 3775:Volvamos a la Naturaleza 2800:Try That in a Small Town 2761: 2750:In 2011, the video for " 2717:" was criticized by the 2679: 2500: 2381:They Don't Care About Us 2366: 2187: 1831:most expensive ever made 1671:and ran continuously on 1568:Country Music Television 1361:, the first winner of a 1304:most expensive ever made 1077:The Australian TV shows 1052:The Shelter of Your Eyes 824:". Their plot clip for " 735:, who went on to direct 592:music television series 461:Gentlemen Prefer Blondes 8460:Mary Hallock-Greenewalt 7605:Music streaming service 7038:Disney Music Publishing 6795:London & New York: 6745:Goodwin, Andrew (1992) 6727:, Andrew Goodwin & 6467:(subscription required) 5576:Buckley, David (2012). 3854:Music Educators Journal 3165:videocassette recorders 3147:Unofficial music videos 2941:Official Charts Company 2927:Top Music Videocassette 2546:All the Things She Said 2450:'s video for the song " 1895:2005 saw the launch of 1810:in 1997, among others. 1635:The video for the 1985 1355:. In 1981, he released 873:made one of the first " 869:between 1966 and 1968. 146:History and development 8511:Home video supplements 8147:Most-attended concerts 8115:Highest-paid musicians 6859:Shore, Michael (1984) 6846:Studying Popular Music 6825:Kleiler, David (1997) 6791:Kaplan, E. Ann (1987) 6711:Studying Popular Music 6632:Once More with Feeling 6579:on September 24, 2016. 6335:www.officialcharts.com 6074:Catholic League (U.S.) 4928:David Buckley (1999). 4464:"Music Video Database" 4357:Simpson, Jeff (2002). 4305:. September 12, 2002. 4272:The Hollywood Reporter 4093:. Simon and Schuster. 2686:Thirty Seconds to Mars 2518:due to allegations of 2332:John Cougar Mellencamp 2097:Idontwannabeyouanymore 2037:independent filmmakers 1982:their live broadcast. 1866: 1584:MTV Video Music Awards 1224:to make a promotional 1213: 1179:Making Plans for Nigel 984:John, I'm Only Dancing 934:Sympathy for the Devil 859:Interstellar Overdrive 780: 533:In the late 1950s the 432: 351:shorts and especially 57: 8506:Advertising by medium 8455:Louis Bertrand Castel 8228:Most valuable records 8223:Most expensive albums 8178:Album-equivalent unit 7708:Italian singles chart 7565:Promotional recording 7033:Warner Chappell Music 7023:Sony Music Publishing 7018:BMG Rights Management 6517:on September 20, 2009 6456:on September 10, 2016 5837:July 2, 2008, at the 5300:. IFC. March 22, 2010 4999:on September 24, 2012 4807:Fowles, Paul (2009). 4786:Sydney Morning Herald 4338:on September 16, 2014 4187:Landis, Bill (1995). 3611:Sidewalks: Video Nite 3425:Jack's Big Music Show 3206:and hip-hop dancers. 2276:Entertainment Tonight 2165:, featuring vocalist 2144:(Nothing But) Flowers 2035:around 2006, various 1860: 1781:Bitter Sweet Symphony 1429:music video directors 1199: 958:During late 1972–73, 775: 430: 299:With the arrival of " 281:The Little Lost Child 44: 8203:Environmental impact 8103:Best-selling singles 7116:Digital music stores 6685:St. Martin's Pressy 5638:Entertainment Weekly 4547:on February 17, 2009 4521:on November 19, 2012 4470:on November 19, 2012 3803:Concert video design 3633:Video Hits Australia 3508:Melody From My Heart 3498:Melodías del Corazón 3266:; premiered in 2002) 3240:Music video stations 2792:Good Morning Britain 2493:'s music video for " 2474:" was banned by the 2454:" was banned by the 2254:" was banned by the 2122:The music video for 1829:) became one of the 1628:. The show moved to 1596:Video Vanguard Award 1453:non-representational 1250:The Midnight Special 1157:s original director 921:Michael Lindsay-Hogg 913:" (from their album 758:Magical Mystery Tour 733:Michael Lindsay-Hogg 588:created the British 507:Stranger in Paradise 311:shorts (produced by 8343:Music visualization 8233:Music certification 8213:Largest music deals 8091:Best-selling albums 7924:The Country Network 7703:Irish Singles Chart 7352:Musical instruments 6815:transcript Verlag. 6648:Banks, Jack (1996) 6548:on January 25, 2008 6404:Virgin Records 1983 5934:on October 30, 2003 5739:. BBC. October 2002 5737:"Top of the Pops 2" 5717:. BBC. October 2002 5715:"Top of the Pops 2" 5448:on December 8, 2012 5415:on December 4, 2012 5085:on October 30, 2007 5059:on January 16, 2016 4788:. February 26, 2005 4687:– "The Jean Genie"" 4131:. ceskatelevize.cz. 4129:"The best of duets" 4117:. ceskatelevize.cz. 4014:. Filmreference.com 3988:on January 15, 2019 3940:The Classic Journal 3905:on January 4, 2010. 3740:New York Hot Tracks 3405:Good Rockin' Tonite 3383:Friday Night Videos 3219:English Summer Rain 3077:All Is Full of Love 2863:gold certifications 2466:'s 1997 video for " 2264:Girls, Girls, Girls 1959:YouTube celebrities 1949:The 2008 video for 1929:This Too Shall Pass 1836:From 1991 to 2001, 1659:released the song " 1557:Friday Night Videos 1352:Saturday Night Live 1148:Ian "Molly" Meldrum 1146:talent coordinator 1033:outside the famous 843:San Francisco: Film 674:and presented as a 580:On 1 January 1964, 305:musical short films 212:Audio-to-video sync 153:Development of the 109:musical short films 8465:Alexander Scriabin 8427:Ocular Harpsichord 8412:Clavier à lumières 7746:SNEP singles chart 7521:Extended play (EP) 7292:Album cover design 6842:Middleton, Richard 6830:Three Rivers Press 6735:London: Routledge 6729:Lawrence Grossberg 6194:The New York Times 6028:on August 30, 2011 5887:on April 14, 2009. 5861:on October 9, 2009 5851:"Justice – Stress" 5765:. October 19, 2000 5175:CMT Founder's Site 5027:. January 11, 2016 4951:. January 11, 2016 4948:The New York Times 4844:on January 4, 2016 4693:on August 26, 2013 4663:on August 27, 2013 4602:on August 26, 2013 4576:on October 6, 2012 3934:Perry, Mackenzie. 3519:The Metric Marvels 3045:Christina Aguilera 3025:A Moment Like This 2965:the Rolling Stones 2904:25th Grammy Awards 2896:Olivia Newton-John 2822:Commercial release 2585:computer-generated 2516:Dominican Republic 2317:The Rolling Stones 2252:God Save the Queen 2206:Olivia Newton-John 1925:Here It Goes Again 1867: 1696:In November 1992, 1678:In 1988, the show 1653:Aardman Animations 1566:On March 5, 1983, 1563:launched in 1982. 1387:launched, airing " 1373:Video Concert Hall 1274:Video Concert Hall 1214: 1124:Everybody's Talkin 1061:In 1974, the band 972:Teenage Lament '74 925:Jumpin' Jack Flash 906:Marianne Faithfull 867:The Rolling Stones 837:to wind him down. 781: 731:" all directed by 711:We Can Work It Out 663:A Hard Day's Night 549:, and the Belgian 515:American Bandstand 433: 228:Video Concert Hall 68:that integrates a 58: 8501:Experimental film 8473: 8472: 8398:Instruments & 8295: 8294: 8238:Parental Advisory 8193:Bootleg recording 8183:A-side and B-side 8040: 7993: 7992: 7909:The Music Factory 7751:Sverigetopplistan 7675:Argentina Hot 100 7641:Music competition 7631:Concert residency 7570:Phonograph record 7540: 7500: 7499: 7327:Music and fashion 7312:Entertainment law 7180: 7179: 7141:Virgin Megastores 6943:and organizations 6773:978-84-16288-55-7 6260:Dennis McDougal, 6002:on March 30, 2012 5495:Jaekel, Brielle. 5366:on August 9, 2011 5230:on April 15, 2006 5209:978-1-4744-3533-8 5136:, October 9, 2006 4971:"Russell Mulcahy" 4818:978-0-7866-6643-0 4500:978-1-61713-009-0 4198:978-0-06-016700-4 4173:978-0-88780-642-1 4010:Film Encyclopedia 3645:Video Hits Canada 3486:MTV Latin America 3371:8-Track Flashback 3251:Music video shows 3155:, was created by 2900:Video of the Year 2634:" which featured 2468:Smack My Bitch Up 2407:Papa Don't Preach 2403:teenage pregnancy 2136:Sign o' the Times 1858: 1800:MTV Latin America 1718:Stéphane Sednaoui 1714:Floria Sigismondi 1641:Money for Nothing 1626:computer graphics 1499:Sign o' the Times 1459:Bruce Springsteen 1402:Adam and the Ants 1283:USA Cable Network 1279:Charles Henderson 1230:Bohemian Rhapsody 830:Call Me Lightning 643:Bohemian Rhapsody 560:Singalong Jubilee 503:Hyde Park, London 335:Phonovision discs 269: 268: 42: 16:(Redirected from 8533: 8422:Graphic notation 8392: 8322: 8315: 8308: 8299: 8298: 8284: 8283: 8272: 8271: 8270: 8038: 7859: 7858: 7756:UK singles chart 7688:Canadian Hot 100 7580:Compact cassette 7518: 7465:Session musician 7440:Hip hop producer 7398: 7397: 7332:Music journalism 7264:Rhythm and blues 6982:IFPI (worldwide) 6947: 6946: 6927: 6920: 6913: 6904: 6903: 6863:New York: Quill 6636: 6628: 6622: 6621: 6615: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6587: 6581: 6580: 6575:. Archived from 6564: 6558: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6544:. Archived from 6533: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6522: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6490:on June 17, 2016 6486:. Archived from 6475: 6469: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6452:. Archived from 6441: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6425:on June 15, 2012 6411: 6405: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6377: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6352: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6327: 6321: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6305: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6289:on June 17, 2019 6285:. Archived from 6275: 6269: 6258: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6247: 6236: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6185: 6179: 6178: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6140: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6129: 6118: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6092: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6081: 6066: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6055: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6024:. Archived from 6018: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6007: 5982: 5976: 5975: 5973: 5971: 5950: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5930:. Archived from 5924: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5913: 5906:Contactmusic.com 5898: 5889: 5888: 5883:. 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June 24, 2012. 4755: 4749: 4735: 4726: 4712: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4679: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4566: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4435: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4293: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4262: 4253: 4252: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4145:Almind, Gert J. 4142: 4133: 4132: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4111: 4105: 4104: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4052: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3978: 3972: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3931: 3925: 3924: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3895: 3886: 3885: 3849: 3818:Music video game 3587:Schoolhouse Rock 3458:Kids Praise Too! 3417:Headbangers Ball 3289:America's Top 10 3270:3ABN Today Music 3259:24 Hours of Love 3133: 3131: 3130: 3121:. Sometimes, an 2991:The Human League 2898:, which won the 2853:. Similar to an 2743:" was banned by 2319:were shown. Dr. 2236:William Friedkin 2163:The Chainsmokers 1859: 1702:Chris Cunningham 1661:Musique Non Stop 1541:African-American 1455: 1454: 1322:" and the album 1156: 1108:Sounds Unlimited 950: 805:D. A. Pennebaker 729:Paperback Writer 676:mock documentary 651:Paperback Writer 539:Serge Gainsbourg 523:Ladislav Rychman 458:" from the film 442:1985 video for " 348:Silly Symphonies 331:John Logie Baird 289:illustrated song 261: 254: 247: 164:Illustrated song 150: 149: 102:illustrated song 94:music television 90:music recordings 43: 21: 8541: 8540: 8536: 8535: 8534: 8532: 8531: 8530: 8476: 8475: 8474: 8469: 8442: 8436: 8399: 8393: 8384: 8348:Audiovisual art 8331: 8326: 8296: 8291: 8268: 8266: 8257: 8161: 7989: 7928: 7848: 7843:Top of the Pops 7808:Musica e dischi 7760: 7645: 7609: 7529:Cassette single 7507: 7496: 7450:Record producer 7396: 7367:Radio promotion 7337:Music publisher 7322:Music executive 7317:Music education 7284: 7278: 7176: 7145: 7099: 7042: 7006: 6950:Representatives 6942: 6941:Major companies 6936: 6931: 6645: 6643:Further reading 6640: 6639: 6629: 6625: 6609: 6608: 6601: 6599: 6598:on May 16, 2021 6588: 6584: 6565: 6561: 6551: 6549: 6534: 6530: 6520: 6518: 6507: 6503: 6493: 6491: 6476: 6472: 6466: 6459: 6457: 6442: 6438: 6428: 6426: 6413: 6412: 6408: 6403: 6399: 6389: 6387: 6379: 6378: 6374: 6364: 6362: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6339: 6337: 6329: 6328: 6324: 6314: 6312: 6307: 6306: 6302: 6292: 6290: 6277: 6276: 6272: 6259: 6255: 6245: 6243: 6238: 6237: 6233: 6223: 6221: 6213: 6212: 6208: 6198: 6196: 6186: 6182: 6167: 6163: 6153: 6151: 6141: 6137: 6127: 6125: 6120: 6119: 6115: 6105: 6103: 6102:on June 8, 2010 6094: 6093: 6089: 6079: 6077: 6068: 6067: 6063: 6053: 6051: 6046: 6045: 6041: 6031: 6029: 6020: 6019: 6015: 6005: 6003: 5996:CBS Interactive 5984: 5983: 5979: 5969: 5967: 5951: 5947: 5937: 5935: 5926: 5925: 5921: 5911: 5909: 5908:. July 15, 2003 5900: 5899: 5892: 5879: 5878: 5874: 5864: 5862: 5849: 5848: 5844: 5839:Wayback Machine 5831: 5827: 5817: 5815: 5808: 5804: 5794: 5792: 5783: 5782: 5778: 5768: 5766: 5757: 5756: 5752: 5742: 5740: 5735: 5734: 5730: 5720: 5718: 5713: 5712: 5708: 5701:The Music Sound 5697: 5693: 5683: 5681: 5671: 5667: 5658: 5655:Wayback Machine 5648: 5644: 5630: 5623: 5613: 5611: 5601: 5597: 5590: 5574: 5570: 5563: 5547: 5543: 5533: 5531: 5519: 5515: 5505: 5503: 5501:Mobile Marketer 5493: 5489: 5479: 5477: 5465: 5461: 5451: 5449: 5432: 5428: 5418: 5416: 5407: 5406: 5402: 5392: 5390: 5383: 5379: 5369: 5367: 5354: 5353: 5349: 5337: 5333: 5327:Wayback Machine 5317: 5313: 5303: 5301: 5290: 5289: 5285: 5275: 5273: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5248: 5247: 5243: 5233: 5231: 5222: 5221: 5217: 5210: 5194: 5190: 5180: 5178: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5154: 5152: 5144: 5140: 5128: 5124: 5114: 5112: 5102: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5077: 5076: 5072: 5062: 5060: 5045: 5044: 5040: 5030: 5028: 5024:Washington Post 5017: 5016: 5012: 5002: 5000: 4991: 4990: 4986: 4976: 4974: 4969: 4968: 4964: 4954: 4952: 4941: 4940: 4936: 4927: 4923: 4918: 4911: 4906: 4899: 4894: 4887: 4882: 4875: 4862: 4861: 4857: 4847: 4845: 4830: 4826: 4819: 4805: 4801: 4791: 4789: 4780: 4779: 4772: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4736: 4729: 4713: 4706: 4696: 4694: 4681: 4680: 4676: 4666: 4664: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4636: 4634: 4629: 4626:Wayback Machine 4619: 4615: 4605: 4603: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4568: 4567: 4560: 4550: 4548: 4539: 4538: 4534: 4524: 4522: 4513: 4512: 4508: 4501: 4487: 4483: 4473: 4471: 4462: 4461: 4457: 4450: 4436: 4429: 4419: 4417: 4406: 4405: 4401: 4394: 4380: 4376: 4369: 4355: 4351: 4341: 4339: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4315: 4313: 4295: 4294: 4287: 4277: 4275: 4263: 4256: 4249: 4235: 4231: 4224: 4210: 4206: 4199: 4185: 4181: 4174: 4158: 4154: 4143: 4136: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4113: 4112: 4108: 4101: 4087: 4083: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4053: 4049: 4039: 4037: 4032: 4031: 4027: 4017: 4015: 4006: 4005: 4001: 3991: 3989: 3980: 3979: 3975: 3970: 3966: 3953:Kellem, Betsy. 3951: 3947: 3932: 3928: 3915: 3914: 3910: 3897: 3896: 3889: 3866:10.2307/3396475 3850: 3846: 3841: 3799: 3794: 3481:Los 10+ Pedidos 3335:Top of the Pops 3253: 3248: 3242: 3226:Flash animation 3149: 3125: 3029:Jessica Simpson 3006:Justify My Love 2983: 2891:Olivia Physical 2872:Eat to the Beat 2835: 2829: 2824: 2764: 2719:Catholic League 2682: 2640:General Lee car 2636:Jessica Simpson 2609:plastic surgery 2562:Top of the Pops 2511:Robbie Williams 2503: 2452:Ebeneezer Goode 2440:Too Much 4 Much 2415:Justify My Love 2373:Michael Jackson 2369: 2348:Top of the Pops 2285:Michael Jackson 2248:The Sex Pistols 2190: 2181: 2175: 2109: 2065:vertical videos 2061: 2059:Vertical videos 2029: 1934:At its launch, 1923:" in 2005 and " 1848: 1846: 1734:Lasse Hallström 1694: 1527:", directed by 1521:Michael Jackson 1452: 1451: 1398:Michael Jackson 1381: 1347:Michael Nesmith 1235:Top of the Pops 1202:Freddie Mercury 1154: 1116:Russell Mulcahy 1091:Top of the Pops 1075: 1018:Top of the Pops 1010:Rainbow Theatre 986:" (May 1972), " 948: 929:Jean-Luc Godard 886:Peter Whitehead 879:Dead End Street 863:Peter Whitehead 845:", directed by 822:I Can't Explain 776:The Beatles in 715:Top of the Pops 692:George Harrison 672:black-and-white 627:The Moody Blues 615:Oh Pretty Woman 595:Top of the Pops 586:Stanley Dorfman 582:Johnnie Stewart 547:Jacques Dutronc 543:Françoise Hardy 531: 519:Czechoslovakian 490:/singer J. P. " 483:West Side Story 474:Martin Scorsese 466:Michael Jackson 454:'s staging of " 446:" (directed by 394:St. Louis Blues 370:Merrie Melodies 307:were produced. 297: 277:Edward B. Marks 265: 148: 32: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8539: 8529: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8471: 8470: 8468: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8446: 8444: 8438: 8437: 8435: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8403: 8401: 8395: 8394: 8387: 8385: 8383: 8382: 8377: 8376: 8375: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8353:Chladni figure 8350: 8345: 8339: 8337: 8333: 8332: 8325: 8324: 8317: 8310: 8302: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8289: 8277: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8256: 8255: 8250: 8248:Surprise album 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8169: 8167: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8138: 8137: 8132: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8111: 8110: 8100: 8099: 8098: 8088: 8087: 8086: 8085: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8056: 8055: 8054: 8046: 8041: 8036:United Kingdom 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8007: 8001: 7999: 7995: 7994: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7987: 7980: 7973: 7966: 7959: 7952: 7945: 7936: 7934: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7865: 7863: 7856: 7850: 7849: 7847: 7846: 7839: 7832: 7825: 7818: 7811: 7804: 7797: 7790: 7783: 7776: 7768: 7766: 7762: 7761: 7759: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7683:Brasil Hot 100 7677: 7669: 7661: 7655: 7653: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7643: 7638: 7636:Music festival 7633: 7628: 7623: 7617: 7615: 7611: 7610: 7608: 7607: 7602: 7600:Music download 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7556: 7555: 7541: 7512: 7510: 7502: 7501: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7494: 7492:Sound engineer 7489: 7488: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7462: 7457: 7455:Rhythm section 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7426: 7425: 7420: 7410: 7404: 7402: 7395: 7394: 7389: 7387:Talent manager 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7288: 7286: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7204:Easy listening 7201: 7196: 7190: 7188: 7182: 7181: 7178: 7177: 7175: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7153: 7151: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7113: 7107: 7105: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7050: 7048: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7014: 7012: 7008: 7007: 7005: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6953: 6951: 6944: 6938: 6937: 6934:Music industry 6930: 6929: 6922: 6915: 6907: 6901: 6900: 6894: 6878: 6871: 6857: 6839: 6823: 6806: 6789: 6775: 6759: 6743: 6722: 6707: 6693: 6679:Clarke, Donald 6676: 6662: 6653:Westview Press 6644: 6641: 6638: 6637: 6623: 6582: 6559: 6528: 6501: 6470: 6436: 6406: 6397: 6372: 6347: 6322: 6300: 6270: 6253: 6231: 6206: 6180: 6161: 6135: 6113: 6087: 6076:. June 9, 2010 6061: 6039: 6013: 5977: 5945: 5919: 5890: 5872: 5842: 5825: 5802: 5791:on May 3, 2011 5776: 5750: 5728: 5706: 5691: 5665: 5642: 5621: 5595: 5589:978-1448132461 5588: 5568: 5562:978-3837611854 5561: 5541: 5513: 5487: 5459: 5426: 5400: 5377: 5347: 5343:Slant Magazine 5331: 5311: 5283: 5261: 5241: 5215: 5208: 5188: 5161: 5138: 5122: 5096: 5070: 5038: 5010: 4984: 4962: 4934: 4921: 4909: 4897: 4885: 4873: 4855: 4824: 4817: 4799: 4770: 4750: 4737:Millard, Bob, 4727: 4704: 4674: 4644: 4613: 4587: 4558: 4532: 4506: 4499: 4481: 4455: 4448: 4427: 4413:The Daily Mail 4399: 4392: 4374: 4368:978-0563534761 4367: 4349: 4332:"Pan's People" 4323: 4285: 4254: 4247: 4229: 4222: 4204: 4197: 4179: 4172: 4152: 4134: 4120: 4106: 4100:978-1416573661 4099: 4081: 4067: 4047: 4025: 3999: 3973: 3971:Clarke, pg. 39 3964: 3945: 3926: 3908: 3887: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3836: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3792: 3782: 3772: 3760: 3748: 3736: 3724: 3712: 3700: 3688: 3676: 3665: 3653: 3641: 3629: 3619: 3607: 3595: 3583: 3571: 3561: 3549: 3539: 3527: 3515: 3505: 3495: 3489: 3477: 3465: 3455: 3443: 3436:Jukebox (AITV) 3433: 3421: 3413: 3401: 3391: 3379: 3367: 3355: 3343: 3331: 3323:CD:UK Hotshots 3319: 3311:106 & Park 3307: 3300:Back to Nature 3297: 3285: 3273: 3267: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3244:Main article: 3241: 3238: 3181:The Grey Album 3148: 3145: 3114:Hello! Project 3103:Ayumi Hamasaki 3079:" (1999), and 3069:Sly and Robbie 3053:Britney Spears 3021:Kelly Clarkson 2982: 2979: 2950:So Far So Good 2932:Private Dancer 2831:Main article: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2806:was banned by 2763: 2760: 2739:'s video for " 2681: 2678: 2670:Joe Don Rooney 2599:'s video for " 2593:Marilyn Manson 2575:'s video for " 2544:'s video for " 2529:'s video for " 2502: 2499: 2427:cross-dressing 2377:Black or White 2368: 2365: 2321:Thomas Radecki 2293:Golden Earring 2262:'s video for " 2228:Laura Branigan 2189: 2186: 2174: 2171: 2148:George Michael 2126:'s 1986 song " 2108: 2105: 2085:Girls Like You 2081:Camila Cabello 2060: 2057: 2028: 2025: 1955:Pork and Beans 1921:A Million Ways 1889:The Real World 1845: 1842: 1793:Massive Attack 1693: 1690: 1616:The Chart Show 1479:Under Pressure 1380: 1377: 1358:Elephant Parts 1300:Ashes to Ashes 1074: 1071: 988:The Jean Genie 919:) directed by 902:Keith Richards 810:Dont Look Back 668:Richard Lester 653:" and B-Side " 619:Derry and Toms 574:Scorpio Rising 530: 527: 492:The Big Bopper 418:Lookout Sister 345:, such as the 296: 293: 267: 266: 264: 263: 256: 249: 241: 238: 237: 236: 235: 230: 222: 221: 220: 219: 214: 209: 201: 200: 199: 198: 193: 188: 183: 182: 181: 176: 166: 158: 157: 147: 144: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8538: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8496:Popular music 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8447: 8445: 8439: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8404: 8402: 8396: 8391: 8381: 8378: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8334: 8330: 8323: 8318: 8316: 8311: 8309: 8304: 8303: 8300: 8288: 8287: 8278: 8276: 8275: 8264: 8263: 8260: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8170: 8168: 8164: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8127: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8109: 8106: 8105: 8104: 8101: 8097: 8094: 8093: 8092: 8089: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8059: 8058:Nationality: 8057: 8053: 8050: 8049: 8047: 8045: 8044:United States 8042: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8013: 8012: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7996: 7986: 7985: 7981: 7979: 7978: 7974: 7972: 7971: 7967: 7965: 7964: 7960: 7958: 7957: 7953: 7951: 7950: 7946: 7944: 7942: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7931: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7851: 7845: 7844: 7840: 7838: 7837: 7833: 7831: 7830: 7829:Rolling Stone 7826: 7824: 7823: 7819: 7817: 7816: 7812: 7810: 7809: 7805: 7803: 7802: 7798: 7796: 7795: 7791: 7789: 7788: 7784: 7782: 7781: 7777: 7775: 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7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7281: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7187: 7183: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7154: 7152: 7148: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7121: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7108: 7106: 7102: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7082: 7081: 7080: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7059: 7058: 7057: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7047:Record labels 7045: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7015: 7013: 7009: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6954: 6952: 6948: 6945: 6939: 6935: 6928: 6923: 6921: 6916: 6914: 6909: 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