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179:. While there he expressed an interest in being an artist, though his art master suggested architecture was a more realistic option. Accordingly, Chadwick became a trainee draughtsman, working first at the offices of architects Donald Hamilton and then Eugen Carl Kauffman, and finally for Rodney Thomas. Chadwick took great inspiration from Thomas, whose interest in contemporary European architecture and design had a significant effect on his development. His training in architectural drawing was the only formal education he received as an artist. He recalled: "What it taught me was how to compose things, a formal exercise in composition, really, it has nothing to do with the building it represents".
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259:, a historic manor house in Gloucestershire. The building is Neo-Gothic in style, with outbuildings and extensions having been added to the house both in 1800 and in 1870. "This place was the same price as a three-bedroom house ... and nobody wanted it, so ... I borrowed the money and came here. It was sort of wonderful, making another room habitable every year". He set up a studio in the medieval chapel where he installed the blacksmith's anvil. Chadwick made it his project to restore the house and garden. In 1986 he purchased the surrounding land in Toadsmoor Valley and began to place his work there.
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energy of his earlier works, creating an "armature" of welded steel rods and a method of composition that played on the expressive potential of the framework and "skeletons" of his figures, while also constructing a firm, tactile "body". Chadwick built his sculptures using geometric space frames, to which he referred as "drawing in steel rods". He produced sculptures in iron, bronze and steel, which developed from mobiles to insect forms, animal forms and groups of male and female figures.
298:. Jane Drew commissioned Chadwick to make a large-scale hanging mobile for the tower of her Riverside Restaurant on London's South Bank site, Tower Mobile. Architect Misha Black then commissioned Chadwick to make a large fixed sculpture for the garden of the Regatta Restaurant, Stabile (Cypress), made from copper sheets and brass rods. This work was significant in that it demonstrated Chadwick's transition from designer to sculptor.
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In 1942 he married Ann Secord with whom he had one son, Simon. In 1959, Chadwick married
Frances Jamieson (d. 1964) and had two daughters, Sarah and Sophie. In June 1965 he married Éva Reiner and together they had one son, Daniel. Éva, who had come to Britain as a refugee from Budapest, would remain
483:(1964), which were influenced by Easter Island figures, as well as a series of colourful "Pyramid" and "Split" sculptures – clean geometrical shapes made from Formica on wood. He also continued to create abstract human forms; male figures generally had blocky rectangular heads (as seen in 1960 piece
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During the 1960s, Chadwick's work, which had been situated by critics within the aesthetic of post-war sensibility, fell victim to changing fashions during the rise of Pop Art. However, he continued to receive a steady flow of public commissions and private sales – particularly in Italy, Denmark and
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In 1954 having discovered the medium of "Stolit", an industrial stone compound of gypsum and iron filings which could be applied wet before setting, and when dry, chased to achieve the surface
Chadwick desired – sometimes textured, sometimes smooth. He did not use clay or other modelling materials.
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These new images belong to the iconography of despair, of defiance; and the more innocent the artist, the more effectively he transmits the collective guilt. Here are images of flight, of ragged claws 'scuttling across the floors of silent seas', of excoriated flesh, frustrated sex, the geometry of
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Chadwick constructed his first mobile around 1947 – which originated from ideas first proposed by Rodney Thomas. Very few of these works survive; they were made of wire, balsa wood and cut copper and brass shapes, often fish-like and sometimes coloured. Some were incorporated as decorative features
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In March 1946, he won a £50 prize in a textile design competition, which led to a contract to produce more designs for Zika and Lida Ascher who had promoted the 's' removed competition and who owned a textile design firm. Around the same time, Chadwick was commissioned to make exhibition stands for
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Chadwick did not go to art school and had no formal training as a sculptor. Transferring his experience as an architectural draughtsman through to his sculptural technique, he began to weld in a unique and innovative way. He had started to develop a technique that fused solid form with the plastic
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Around 1968, Chadwick created works that used a matt patina over some of the bronze, but with faces or chests burnished to a high golden sheen, a technique already seen in works of sculptors including
Armitage. This method appeared in Chadwick's Elektras and according to Chadwick stemmed from his
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I actually wanted to produce a sort of touchable object, a tangible object. I really wanted to do that rather than be involved with intangible things like architecture which was slightly intangible to me because it had meant, in my case, drawing after drawing after drawing for projects which were
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Chadwick returned to working with steel for the first time since 1962 in 1989. Using this method, Chadwick produced a series of "beasts", which varied in size and were often monumental. These works in welded stainless-steel sheets would come to be the final stage of
Chadwick's development of his
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Chadwick died at
Lypiatt Park in 2003, the same year in which he was given a major retrospective exhibition at Tate Britain. He is buried in amongst the pine trees near the seat where he used to sit and think, overlooking Toadsmoor Valley. He is survived by his wife Éva and his two sons and two
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In a catalogue essay on an exhibition of
Chadwick's sculptures and drawings at the Museum of Modern Art in Rio de Janeiro in January 1962, Herbert Read noted that Chadwick has consolidated his style and subject matter since winning the 1956 Sculpture Prize at Venice, saying ..."He is still
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Following the
Biennale, this exhibition toured Vienna, Munich, Paris, Amsterdam and Brussels before arriving in London. In May 1957. Chadwick's first solo show in the United States took place at Saidenberg Gallery. Also in 1957, the Air League of the British Empire commissioned him to make a
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In 1991, he introduced the motif of a pair of female figures climbing and descending short flights of stairs, captured in contrary motion. This motif would also be combined with a single High Wind figure. The next year, in 1992, Chadwick was given his first
British retrospective at the
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The long series of standing, sitting, and reclining couples on which
Chadwick worked between 1968 and 1990 offer infinitesimal adjustments in the male and female figures' relation to each other—the elusive "attitude" which, for Chadwick, was a sculpture's whole expressive point.
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preoccupied with states of attention or alertness in the human figure or the animal. His aim is to incorporate a moment of maximum intensity, and this he does by the most direct means – the reduction of bodily attitudes to their magnetic lines of force"...
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By the end of the 1960s, Chadwick was working with complex groups of figures, notably the "Elektra" series. He also introduced polished facets to his bronze works, which would accentuate some part of the figure's anatomy, such as Three
Elektras.
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In 1956, Chadwick was chosen by the British Council as one of the lead sculptors to represent Britain at the XXVIII Venice Biennale. He was awarded the International Sculpture Prize, becoming the surprise winner and surpassing the favourite
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in exhibition stands, while others found homes amongst Thomas and his circle. Later he developed ground supports for the mobiles, transforming them into what he called "stabiles". At the same time, he was designing fabrics and furniture.
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By the late 1950s he started to cast in bronze. For a long time Chadwick was the sole technical force in the production of his work. (It was not until 1971 that he opened a foundry at Lypiatt to cast jewellery and small bronzes.)
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Chadwick was invited back to the Venice Biennale that same year, for which he created two monumental figures, playfully entitled Back To Venice, 1988. Also in 1988, he was made an Honorary Fellow of
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1962, his first steel sculpture, which was made at the Italsider steel works in Genoa. Chadwick and Smith became good friends during this period, and remained so until Smith's early death in 1965.
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The success of the Biennale enormously enhanced Chadwick's reputation. Kenneth Armitage recalled that he swiftly transformed from a virtually unknown artist to an international name.
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551:(1990). Chadwick is said to have delighted in the properties that steel afforded; no matter how dull the weather some facet of the sculptures would catch and reflect the light.
271:, which promoted modern British art. The following year, he held his first one-man show there, which led to critical attention and several major commissions: two for the 1951
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exaggerated the effects of wind. Clothed sitting couples also began to appear on benches, as Chadwick began to explore how far he could push his method towards
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Desiring a better family life and more room to work, Chadwick left London in 1947, eventually settling in the hamlet of Upper Coberley, near
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In 1995, he stopped working, claiming "There are only so many things to say and only so many ways to say them and I've done that now."
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In 1973 Chadwick had begun to clothe his figures in pleated drapery – figures often were winged, with billowing cloaks, such as in
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Belgium. Chadwick was invited to participate in the Sculpture in the City exhibition at the fourth Festival of Two Worlds at
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143:(24 November 1914 – 25 April 2003) was an English sculptor and artist. Much of his work is semi-abstract sculpture in
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Lynn Chadwick (1914-2003). ‘High Hat Man and High Hat Woman, 1968. Bronze, Ed. ¾. 232 x 75 x 75 cm & 237 x 75 x 75 cm
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374:. He described Chadwick's work, in what was to become a long-held interpretation, situating it alongside quotes from
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In Spring 1950, British architects, artists and designers were making plans for the celebrations surrounding the 1951
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sculpture to commemorate the round trip flight across the Atlantic Ocean by the Airship R34 in 1919. Chadwick made a
338:, resulting in his being one of eight young British sculptors who were invited to exhibit at the Biennale, including
324:, north London. Chadwick felt that this would solve the problem of creating large pieces suitable for public arenas.
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iron, steel, brass and copper would need learning, so in the summer of 1950 he enrolled in a welding course at the
252:. Here he converted outbuildings into a working studio in which he worked on his designs and his first sculptures.
309:, also for the Festival of Britain. This was exhibited at the Tate Gallery from autumn 1951 through most of 1952.
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After the war, Chadwick returned to Rodney Thomas where he became involved in the design of trade-fair stands.
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Chadwick's work features in the collections of major institutions and galleries around the world, including:
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The discovery of his new technique would prove to be an enormous turning point in Chadwick's working method.
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and a biography were published, four of his sculptures were shown in the Annenberg courtyard of the
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1953 Honourable mention and prize, Unknown Political Prisoner international sculpture competition.
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staged exhibitions of his work in their commercial galleries in Berlin, London and New York.
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Working on this larger scale, Chadwick quickly became aware that the techniques required for
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Lynn Chadwick (1914-2003). ‘Sitting Couple’, 1989-1990. Bronze, Ed. 9/9. 255 x 331 x 224 cm
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During the 1960s, Chadwick began to work in a more abstract style, producing works such as
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in July 1962, to create a large outdoor sculpture alongside nine other sculptors including
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New Aspects of British Sculpture, The XXVI Venice Biennale: The British Pavilion, exh.cat
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2015:
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In January 1952, Chadwick was asked to present to the selection committee of the XXVI
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1619:"Lynn Chadwick, Royal Academy of Arts, London, and Blain Southern, London – review"
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never realised. In my case, I wanted to do it to have some reality in front of me.
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1125:. Spruyt, Van Mantgem & De Does BV/Leiden, The Netherlands. p. 55.
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Robert and Lisa Sainsbury Collection, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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his constant companion, as well as a chronicler and cataloguer of his work.
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Lynn Chadwick, ‘King and Queen’, 1990, Bronze. Sited above the entrance to
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In August 1949 one of Chadwick's small mobiles was placed in the window of
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447:. Many of Chadwick's prints have been on exhibit at Tate Britain, London.
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489:), while females had heads formed of more delicate diamonds or pyramids.
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652:, Buffalo, New York, US Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York, US
366:. The critical response was extremely positive. The poet and art critic
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Canary Wharf Art Trail. Canary Wharf Group. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
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539:(1989), with titles that allude to specific primal states of action:
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987:’High Hat Man and High Hat Woman’, 1968, Bronze, by Lynn Chadwick.
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1956 International prize for sculpture at the Venice Biennale.
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wrote the introduction to the catalogue for this show, called
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972:’Sitting Couple’, 1989-1990, Bronze, by Lynn Chadwick,
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1985 French Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
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People educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
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Two Figures (Conjunction XV), bronze sculpture, 1970,
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In April 1951 Chadwick received a commission from the
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Walks of Art. 4 April 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
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Lynn Chadwick: A Sculptor on the International Stage
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Lynn Chadwick: A Sculptor on the International Stage
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508:. This continued in the 1980s, where works such as
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1510:, 2019. Mentioned by Louis Gerber in the article "
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439:Chadwick is featured in the 1964 documentary film
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327:In March 1951 he was invited to exhibit with the
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1967:"At SDMA, a move from the vault to the open air"
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896:'Two Seated Figures', bronze sculpture, 1973,
497:desire 'to get a bit of contrast and colour'.
2353:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
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2125:The Collection at Lypiatt Park: Lynn Chadwick
1594:Lynn Chadwick. The Sculptures at Lypiatt Park
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1240:− British Pavilion in Venice. Archived from
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625:Commander of the Order of the British Empire
147:or steel. His work is in the collections of
2201:Works by Lynn Chadwick at Alan Wheatley Art
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916:Sculpture Sitting Couple by Lynn Chadwick,
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932:'Couple on Seat', bronze sculpture, 1984,
2090:Hongkong Land. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
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2078:Hongkong Land. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
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858:'Roaring Lion', bronze sculpture, 1960,
535:unique technique. The series began with
291:Open Air Sculpture Exhibition that year
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187:In April 1941, having previously been a
2418:Fleet Air Arm personnel of World War II
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1547:(Press release). Willer. Archived from
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587:In 2014, the centenary of his birth, a
527:in 1993. In 1988, he was appointed the
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227:the Aluminium Development Corporation.
191:, Chadwick volunteered to serve in the
16:English artist and sculptor (1914–2003)
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1617:Wullschlager, Jackie (27 April 2014).
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786:Philip and Muriel Berman Museum of Art
506:Pair of Walking Figures – Jubilee 1977
234:Recalling this period, Chadwick said:
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1964:
1514:" in cosmopolis.ch, 19 December 2022.
732:Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
692:Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
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2142:Farr, Dennis; Chadwick, Eva (2014).
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822:University of Michigan Museum of Art
1646:"Lynn Chadwick makes fresh strides"
441:5 British Sculptors (Work and Talk)
255:In September 1958, Chadwick bought
167:Chadwick was born in the suburb of
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1965:Gaugh, Catherine (13 March 2016).
1282:Mullaly, Terence (28 April 2003).
525:Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres
523:, for which he would later become
519:In 1985, he was created Officier
171:, in western London, and attended
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1644:Gleadell, Colin (22 April 2014).
1123:Chadwick: The Artist and his Work
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782:, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
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572:Chadwick was appointed a Senior
372:New Aspects of British Sculpture
2423:English conscientious objectors
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2403:20th-century British sculptors
2127:. Ruder Finn Press, New York.
1174:"Artists | Lynn Chadwick"
807:South African National Gallery
756:National Galleries of Scotland
714:Louisiana Museum of Modern Art
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215:Sculpture on the steps of the
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2052:Lynn Chadwick: Couple on Seat
1234:"Lynn Chadwick (1914 − 2003)"
668:Arts Council of Great Britain
521:Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
303:Arts Council of Great Britain
262:
2398:English contemporary artists
2161:Lucie-Smith, Edward (1998).
738:Museum Boymans-van Beuningen
720:Montreal Museum of Fine Arts
382:against the backdrop of the
7:
2165:. Art Books International.
1542:"Lynn Chadwick – Biography"
974:Exchange Square (Hong Kong)
774:Peggy Guggenheim Collection
556:Bath Spa University College
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2408:People from Barnes, London
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780:Philadelphia Museum of Art
722:, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
702:Irish Museum of Modern Art
658:, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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1284:"Obituary: Lynn Chadwick"
809:, Cape Town, South Africa
650:Albright-Knox Art Gallery
531:– First Class, Venezuela
329:American Abstract Artists
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2378:British modern sculptors
2040:Farr & Chadwick 2014
2003:Farr & Chadwick 2014
1991:Farr & Chadwick 2014
1971:sandiegouniontribune.com
1953:Farr & Chadwick 2014
1941:Farr & Chadwick 2014
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1733:Farr & Chadwick 2014
1721:Farr & Chadwick 2014
1709:Farr & Chadwick 2014
1652:. London. Archived from
1592:Chadwick, Sarah (2014).
1049:Farr & Chadwick 2014
1037:Farr & Chadwick 2014
1022:Farr & Chadwick 2014
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828:Yorkshire Sculpture Park
812:Tate Gallery, London, UK
768:Nordjyllands Kunstmuseum
762:National Museum of Wales
740:, Rotterdam, Netherlands
680:Contemporary Art Society
662:Art Institute of Chicago
564:Yorkshire Sculpture Park
207:Beginnings as a sculptor
173:Merchant Taylors' School
163:Early life and education
2020:exchange.umma.umich.edu
2016:"Exchange: Insect Form"
1099:. London. 26 April 2003
801:San Diego Museum of Art
696:Smithsonian Institution
664:, Chicago, Illinois, US
443:by American film maker
305:for a large sculpture,
157:Centre Georges Pompidou
2413:Fleet Air Arm aviators
2373:English male sculptors
2180:Read, Herbert (2014).
2144:Lynn Chadwick Sculptor
2123:Collins, Joan (2006).
2104:Bird, Michael (2014).
898:Tel Aviv Museum of Art
686:Hakone Open-Air Museum
656:Art Gallery of Ontario
612:Awards and recognition
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318:British Oxygen Company
241:
220:
189:conscientious objector
2383:Sculptors from London
1232:Overton, Tom (2009).
960:, Piccadilly, London.
795:Royal Academy of Arts
716:, Humblebaek, Denmark
578:Royal Academy of Arts
529:Order of Andrés Bello
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320:'s Welding School at
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131:Lynn Russell Chadwick
25:Lynn Russell Chadwick
744:Museum of Modern Art
411:Venice Biennale 1956
1917:"Outdoor Sculpture"
1650:The Daily Telegraph
1097:The Daily Telegraph
734:, Brussels, Belgium
710:, Jerusalem, Israel
698:, Washington DC, US
580:, London, in 2001.
331:Group in New York.
296:Festival of Britain
273:Festival of Britain
2358:Royal Academicians
2146:. Lund Humphries.
2108:. Lund Humphries.
1121:Levine, P (1988).
993:Central, Hong Kong
834:Museum de Fundatie
818:, Tel Aviv, Israel
788:, Collegeville, PA
770:, Aalborg, Denmark
641:Public collections
589:catalogue raisonné
470:Two Winged Figures
418:Alberto Giacometti
221:
155:in London and the
100:Sculpture, drawing
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2292:Robert Clatworthy
2172:978-0-9531759-1-8
2153:978-1-84822-150-5
2134:978-1-932646-19-1
2115:978-1-84822-135-2
1603:978-0-9926634-1-4
1346:, pp. 18–19.
1132:978-0-85331-548-3
958:Fortnum and Mason
883:Jerusalem, Israel
864:Jerusalem, Israel
840:, The Netherlands
750:Nasjonalgalleriet
704:, Dublin, Ireland
634:Royal Academician
574:Royal Academician
549:Crouching Beast I
468:. The result was
151:in New York, the
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2388:Geometry of Fear
2332:William Turnbull
2322:Eduardo Paolozzi
2262:Kenneth Armitage
2246:Geometry of Fear
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2196:Official website
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1656:on 22 April 2014
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426:Germaine Richier
422:César Baldaccini
364:William Turnbull
360:Eduardo Paolozzi
344:Kenneth Armitage
201:Atlantic convoys
197:Second World War
142:
113:Geometry of Fear
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1688:"Lynn Chadwick"
1686:
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1244:on 4 March 2016
1238:British Council
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989:Alexandra House
985:
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944:, Great Britain
930:
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918:Berkeley Square
914:
905:
894:
885:
875:
866:
856:
847:
830:, Wakefield, UK
824:, Ann Arbor, MI
816:Tel Aviv Museum
803:, San Diego, US
776:, Venice, Italy
758:, Edinburgh, UK
728:, Paris, France
688:, Hakone, Japan
674:British Council
643:
614:
605:
595:in London, and
545:Howling Beast I
541:Beast Alerted I
453:
413:
356:Bernard Meadows
352:Geoffrey Clarke
336:Venice Biennale
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217:Yerevan Cascade
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2304:
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2190:External links
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1995:
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1983:
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59:25 April 2003
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2181:
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2083:
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2059:
2047:
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2019:
2010:
1998:
1986:
1974:. Retrieved
1970:
1960:
1948:
1936:
1924:. Retrieved
1920:
1911:
1899:
1887:
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1827:
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1764:
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1716:
1704:
1692:. Retrieved
1690:. Tate. 2014
1682:
1670:
1658:. Retrieved
1654:the original
1649:
1639:
1627:. Retrieved
1622:
1612:
1593:
1587:
1580:Collins 2006
1560:
1549:the original
1519:
1507:
1502:
1490:
1483:Collins 2006
1464:Collins 2006
1459:
1454:, p. 9.
1447:
1442:, p. 8.
1435:
1430:, p. 8.
1423:
1411:
1399:
1387:
1380:Collins 2006
1375:
1363:
1351:
1344:Collins 2006
1339:
1327:
1320:Collins 2006
1315:
1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1288:The Guardian
1287:
1258:
1246:. Retrieved
1242:the original
1227:
1220:Collins 2006
1205:Collins 2006
1181:. Retrieved
1168:
1161:Collins 2006
1156:
1122:
1101:. Retrieved
1096:
1056:
1044:
938:Canary Wharf
934:Cabot Square
797:, London, UK
682:, London, UK
676:, London, UK
670:, London, UK
644:
606:
586:
582:
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547:(1990); and
544:
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537:Rising Beast
536:
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486:The Watchers
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340:Robert Adams
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284:
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129:
67:Lypiatt Park
61:(2003-04-25)
18:
2368:2003 deaths
2363:1914 births
2312:John Hoskin
2272:Ralph Brown
2267:John Berger
1926:12 February
1921:ursinus.edu
726:Musée Rodin
584:daughters.
462:David Smith
451:Later years
376:T. S. Eliot
322:Cricklewood
283:, and one,
269:Gimpel Fils
183:War service
79:Nationality
2347:Categories
2277:Reg Butler
2098:References
2025:14 January
1976:7 December
1248:1 February
514:naturalism
348:Reg Butler
287:, for the
263:Art career
250:Cheltenham
199:escorting
159:in Paris.
37:1914-11-24
1675:Bird 2014
1596:. Blain.
1565:Bird 2014
1524:Bird 2014
1495:Bird 2014
1452:Bird 2014
1440:Bird 2014
1428:Read 2014
1416:Bird 2014
1404:Read 2014
1392:Bird 2014
1368:Bird 2014
1356:Bird 2014
1263:Bird 2014
1149:Bird 2014
1061:Bird 2014
510:High Wind
275:complex,
177:Northwood
109:Modernism
87:Education
73:, England
1694:23 April
1625:. London
904:, Israel
902:Tel Aviv
558:, Bath.
543:(1990);
434:maquette
384:Cold War
105:Movement
1660:17 July
1629:17 July
1293:17 July
1183:17 July
1103:17 July
845:Gallery
576:of the
314:welding
281:Cypress
82:British
49:England
2169:
2150:
2131:
2112:
1600:
1129:
942:London
838:Zwolle
169:Barnes
145:bronze
119:Awards
91:London
1552:(PDF)
1545:(PDF)
1000:Notes
632:2001
623:1964
391:fear.
277:Tower
138:
2167:ISBN
2148:ISBN
2129:ISBN
2110:ISBN
2027:2021
1978:2018
1928:2020
1696:2014
1662:2014
1631:2014
1598:ISBN
1295:2014
1250:2016
1185:2014
1127:ISBN
1105:2014
636:, UK
481:King
464:and
424:and
362:and
279:and
153:Tate
149:MoMA
56:Died
31:Born
2208:at
378:'s
175:in
136:CBE
123:CBE
2349::
2018:.
1969:.
1919:.
1800:^
1648:.
1621:.
1572:^
1531:^
1471:^
1286:.
1270:^
1236:.
1212:^
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