2476:
932:
80:
416:. Many, however, are poorly preserved, being crushed or deformed. The variable conditions of specimens has resulted in confusion in identification. Some paleontologists have proposed that variations in skull shape among specimens represent deformities rather than true morphologies. Therefore, characteristics that distinguish different lydekkerinids from one another may be the results of preservation, not taxonomic distinctness. In 2006, it was proposed that the South African lydekkerinids
1685:
4668:
1673:
4654:
2470:
4680:
2532:
2483:
313:
1679:
4692:
51:
532:
342:
shagreen, tiny bumps covering the bones of the palate. An opening at the tip of the palate called the anterior palatal vacuity is divided by two projections of the skull roof, a second distinctive feature of the genus. Moreover, distinctive ridges are present on the underside of the
326:
was a relatively small temnospondyl, growing up to around 1 metre (3.3 ft) in length. Skulls range in length from 49 millimetres (1.9 in) in the smallest known individual to up to 100 millimetres (3.9 in) in larger individuals. The skull is wedge-shaped and has a
550:
than other stereospondyls, it is thought to have been terrestrial. Large bony projections on the skeleton likely served as attachments for strong muscles. Joints between bones were well-developed, enabling effective locomotion on land. The sensory system of pressure-sensitive
395:, named after Lydekker. The type specimen and a paratype specimen were described in much greater detail, particularly the lower jaw, in 2007 by R. Hewison, and a detailed account of its sacral region, pelvic girdle and hind limb.
885:
Shishkin, M.A.; Rubidge, B.S.; Kitching, J.W. (1996). "A new lydekkerinid (Amphibia, Temnospondyli) from the Lower
Triassic of South Africa: implications for evolution of the early capitosauroid cranial pattern".
331:
outline with convex lateral margins. Shallow pits cover the surface of the skull. Teeth line the palate as well as the jaws, and some skulls even bear large ectopterygoid tusks on the underside of the skull.
3272:
2599:
2982:
2568:
1521:
508:
1810:
2235:
1528:
4461:
3239:
2290:
3277:
1792:
1584:
1199:
4799:
4794:
296:
2325:
2176:
3244:
4804:
4748:
965:
338:
can be distinguished from other lydekkerinids on the basis of several skull characteristics. One such feature is the presence of
702:
Shishkin, M.A.; Rubidge, B.S. (2000). "A relict rhinesuchid (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from the Lower
Triassic of South Africa".
4814:
847:
Kitching, J.W. (1978). "The stratigraphic distribution and occurrence of South
African fossil Amphibia in the Beaufort Beds".
2561:
2475:
4809:
3083:
17:
4466:
67:
3018:
4684:
4563:
2554:
3848:
4518:
4456:
3853:
685:
583:
3838:
3833:
3234:
3091:
4114:
3858:
958:
406:
4419:
3282:
986:
4109:
3843:
1684:
1672:
79:
3137:
3127:
3101:
668:
Jeannot, A.M.; Damiani, R.; Rubidge, B.S. (2006). "Cranial anatomy of the Early
Triassic stereospondyl
4538:
3063:
447:
4159:
3028:
2679:
2615:
2482:
2469:
1044:
913:
Damiani, J.; Rubidge, B.S. (2003). "A review of the South
African temnospondyl amphibian record".
620:"A terrestrial stereospondyl from the Lower Triassic of South Africa: the postcranial skeleton of
4789:
4508:
3988:
3096:
2811:
2765:
2689:
2577:
2535:
951:
391:, provided a more accurate description of the species in 1915 and reassigned it to the new genus
4766:
4716:
4523:
4451:
4414:
3106:
2987:
2750:
1071:
567:, but bears little resemblance to those of the exclusively terrestrial Permian temnospondyls.
4761:
3033:
2190:
1678:
4595:
4553:
4503:
3209:
3200:
2897:
2640:
2374:
171:
443:, was named by Broom in 1930. Its description was based on a small partial skull from the
8:
4698:
4672:
4558:
4399:
3153:
3046:
3002:
2977:
2848:
2826:
2714:
2704:
2664:
937:
484:
Assemblage Zone in 1950. In 1996 it was reassigned as a juvenile form of the rhinesuchid
369:
4533:
4498:
3782:
3222:
3217:
3056:
3051:
2962:
2860:
2831:
2760:
2709:
2620:
1549:
1493:
216:
74:
783:
764:
4623:
4528:
4204:
3797:
3227:
2892:
2887:
2865:
2821:
2816:
2784:
2772:
2694:
2625:
2304:
1507:
1479:
866:
Broom, R. (1950). "A new small labyrinthodont from the Karroo beds of South Africa".
640:
619:
3752:
3632:
3617:
3441:
3344:
2882:
2870:
2801:
2635:
2500:
1986:
1895:
1867:
1563:
1500:
1332:
1304:
895:
779:
745:
711:
681:
635:
564:
552:
365:
4628:
4383:
4315:
4280:
4244:
4048:
4023:
3948:
3802:
3787:
3702:
3516:
3456:
3436:
3354:
2992:
2972:
2967:
2855:
2794:
2745:
2674:
2525:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2415:
2219:
2169:
2055:
1909:
1837:
1757:
1750:
1416:
1029:
1007:
732:
Warren, A.A.; Damiani, R.; Yates, A.M. (2006). "The South
African stereospondyl
4739:
4658:
4548:
4378:
4300:
4254:
4229:
4174:
4093:
4018:
4003:
3983:
3973:
3923:
3878:
3817:
3732:
3662:
3622:
3416:
3303:
3132:
3122:
2957:
2952:
2806:
2789:
2755:
2408:
2392:
2339:
2311:
2297:
2256:
2087:
2025:
1944:
1923:
1902:
1778:
1743:
1577:
1514:
1458:
1367:
1295:
1284:
1270:
1226:
1165:
1137:
1124:
1083:
974:
459:
413:
388:
373:
279:
275:
150:
137:
41:
749:
4783:
4482:
4409:
4347:
4219:
4214:
4189:
4139:
4058:
4043:
4033:
3958:
3933:
3928:
3918:
3913:
3883:
3767:
3742:
3712:
3657:
3607:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3521:
3511:
3476:
3446:
3421:
3395:
3334:
3195:
3190:
2630:
2520:
2443:
2381:
2360:
2346:
2197:
2149:
2128:
2062:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1979:
1972:
1937:
1916:
1881:
1785:
1715:
1702:
1644:
1619:
1605:
1598:
1556:
1402:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1217:
1206:
1176:
1056:
1013:
672:(Tetrapoda: Temnospondyli) and the taxonomy of South African lydekkerinids".
486:
454:
300:, first described in 1889. While most other stereospondyls were semiaquatic,
264:
124:
715:
4543:
4513:
4305:
4295:
4259:
4184:
4164:
4144:
4088:
4073:
4063:
3968:
3953:
3908:
3807:
3757:
3737:
3707:
3697:
3647:
3637:
3602:
3581:
3561:
3556:
3501:
3486:
3364:
3349:
3329:
3073:
2450:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2353:
2274:
2242:
2228:
2160:
2135:
2107:
2076:
2069:
2048:
2041:
2014:
1958:
1874:
1819:
1633:
1626:
1535:
1486:
1465:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1388:
1358:
1339:
1192:
899:
828:
Broom, R. (1930). "Notes on some labyrinthodonts in the
Transvaal Museum".
384:
291:
283:
267:
205:
2546:
4373:
4310:
4285:
4264:
4249:
4179:
4154:
4083:
4078:
4028:
4013:
3998:
3903:
3893:
3792:
3777:
3772:
3727:
3722:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3627:
3496:
3481:
3466:
3431:
3359:
3068:
3023:
2947:
2915:
2838:
2699:
2659:
2401:
2318:
2249:
2183:
1888:
1860:
1853:
1826:
1612:
1591:
1570:
1430:
1409:
1381:
1277:
1256:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1185:
765:"On some amphibian and reptilian remains from South Africa and Australia"
500:
469:
418:
402:
523:
such as the ridges underneath the skull roof and the vomerine shagreen.
4753:
4404:
4368:
4239:
4224:
4209:
4199:
4149:
4068:
4053:
4038:
3978:
3938:
3898:
3888:
3692:
3667:
3642:
3531:
3526:
3491:
3471:
3451:
3298:
3185:
2843:
2724:
2121:
2100:
2034:
1965:
1930:
1846:
1771:
1736:
1729:
1542:
1472:
1423:
1158:
559:
had little use for these organs in a land environment. The skeleton of
512:
360:
344:
271:
199:
4653:
888:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
401:
is one of the most common temnospondyls found from the Permo-Triassic
312:
4352:
4331:
4290:
4008:
3993:
3812:
3762:
3747:
3717:
3672:
3652:
3612:
3506:
3461:
3426:
3411:
3390:
3374:
3313:
3308:
2997:
2367:
2283:
2114:
1799:
1764:
1395:
1263:
424:
376:
287:
91:
4710:
4733:
4194:
4169:
4134:
3586:
3536:
3369:
3339:
3041:
2263:
1951:
1374:
1151:
998:
884:
547:
328:
111:
50:
736:(Tetrapoda, Temnospondyli) from the Lower Triassic of Australia".
4633:
3943:
2332:
2142:
943:
563:
is similar to those of early stereospondyl relatives such as the
531:
444:
179:
347:
around the eye sockets, probably to provide structural support.
4234:
2204:
992:
667:
101:
772:
Proceedings of the
Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society
339:
260:
731:
59:
3273:
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Africa
2600:
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Africa
686:
10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[822:CAOTET]2.0.CO;2
405:
of South Africa. Many fossils have been found from the
555:
across the skull is poorly developed, suggesting that
27:
Extinct genus of temnospondyls from the Early
Triassic
701:
927:
912:
515:, Australia, were described in 2006 and assigned to
188:
2983:
Tectonic evolution of the Barberton greenstone belt
797:Broom, R. (1915). "On the Triassic stegocephalians
519:. These remains possess characters diagnostic of
4781:
617:
4441:
811:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
4462:Geological Commission of the Cape of Good Hope
3240:Department of Mineral Resources (South Africa)
1028:
3278:Archean life in the Barberton Greenstone Belt
2562:
1135:
959:
507:Temnospondyl remains from the Early Triassic
350:
1713:
358:was first briefly described as a species of
2576:
453:. It was later considered to be a juvenile
4691:
4102:
3826:
3245:Department of Mineral Resources and Energy
2569:
2555:
966:
952:
576:
49:
2937:
2589:
639:
846:
530:
311:
727:
725:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
14:
4782:
762:
697:
695:
613:
611:
609:
4715:
4714:
4612:
4585:
4584:
4440:
3261:
3174:
2936:
2588:
2550:
1700:
1122:
985:
947:
878:
865:
827:
796:
3175:
906:
859:
840:
756:
722:
648:
383:in 1859 from material in Australia.
4800:Early Triassic amphibians of Africa
4795:Triassic temnospondyls of Australia
821:
790:
692:
606:
278:. Fossils have been collected from
24:
4467:Geological Society of South Africa
1123:
973:
674:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
368:in 1889. The specific name honors
68:National Museum of Natural History
25:
4826:
3019:List of volcanoes in South Africa
1701:
784:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1859.015.01-02.71
476:Broom described a third species,
4805:Triassic temnospondyls of Africa
4690:
4679:
4678:
4666:
4652:
4564:Eduard Meine van Zinderen-Bakker
3262:
2531:
2530:
2481:
2474:
2468:
1683:
1677:
1671:
930:
641:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00446.x
78:
3849:Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone
618:Pawley, K.; Warren, A. (2005).
526:
467:was assigned to its own genus,
4457:Evolutionary Studies Institute
3854:Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone
868:Annals of the Transvaal Museum
830:Annals of the Transvaal Museum
307:
13:
1:
4815:Fossil taxa described in 1915
3839:Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone
3834:Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone
3235:Minerals Council South Africa
3092:1620 Robben Island earthquake
570:
304:was exclusively terrestrial.
4442:Research and administration
4115:Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone
3859:Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone
197:(Lydekker, 1889 [originally
7:
4110:Cynognathus Assemblage Zone
3844:Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone
10:
4831:
4810:Taxa named by Robert Broom
3138:Vredefort impact structure
3128:Morokweng impact structure
3102:2006 Mozambique earthquake
624:(Amphibia: Temnospondyli)"
351:History and classification
4723:
4646:
4619:
4613:
4608:
4591:
4580:
4539:Daniel Rossouw Kannemeyer
4491:
4475:
4447:
4436:
4420:Waterloo Farm lagerstätte
4392:
4361:
4340:
4324:
4273:
4127:
3871:
3595:
3404:
3383:
3322:
3291:
3283:Waterloo Farm lagerstätte
3268:
3257:
3181:
3170:
3146:
3115:
3082:
3064:Barberton Greenstone Belt
3011:
2943:
2932:
2908:
2735:
2649:
2608:
2595:
2584:
2495:
2466:
2391:
2273:
2218:
2159:
2095:
2086:
2024:
1836:
1809:
1724:
1709:
1696:
1669:
1643:
1357:
1294:
1216:
1175:
1146:
1131:
1118:
1082:
1064:
1055:
1037:
1024:
981:
750:10.1017/S0016756806002524
222:
215:
185:
178:
75:Scientific classification
73:
57:
48:
34:
4160:Coelophysis rhodesiensis
3029:Pilanesberg Game Reserve
2680:Table Mountain Sandstone
2616:Bushveld Igneous Complex
915:Palaeontologica Africana
849:Palaeontologica Africana
4673:South Africa portal
4509:Charles Kimberlin Brain
3097:1969 Tulbagh earthquake
2812:Abrahamskraal Formation
2766:Sundays River Formation
2690:Abrahamskraal Formation
2578:Geology of South Africa
716:10.1111/1475-4983.00144
4524:Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan
4452:Council for Geoscience
4415:West Coast Fossil Park
3107:2014 Orkney earthquake
2988:Terra Australis Orogen
2938:Tectonics and orogeny
2751:Buffelskloof Formation
900:10.1098/rstb.1996.0147
763:Huxley, T. H. (1859).
539:
498:were synonymized with
320:
4762:Paleobiology Database
3034:Prince Edward Islands
2590:Geological formations
592:Paleobiology Database
542:Because the bones of
534:
428:were synonymous with
315:
4596:Geology of Cape Town
4554:John Talbot Robinson
4504:Lieuwe Dirk Boonstra
3210:Coal in South Africa
3201:Banket (mining term)
2898:Normandien Formation
2641:Transvaal Supergroup
535:Life restoration of
435:A second species of
379:who named the genus
58:Skull and skeleton (
4725:Lydekkerina huxleyi
4559:George William Stow
4400:Cradle of Humankind
3154:Bellsbank meteorite
3047:Finsch diamond mine
3003:Witwatersrand Basin
2978:Makhonjwa Mountains
2849:Whitehill Formation
2827:Middleton Formation
2715:Whitehill Formation
2705:Ganigobis Formation
2665:Ganigobis Formation
938:Paleontology portal
894:(1347): 1635–1659.
738:Geological Magazine
734:Lydekkerina huxleyi
670:Lydekkerina huxleyi
622:Lydekkerina huxleyi
517:Lydekkerina huxleyi
370:Thomas Henry Huxley
356:Lydekkerina huxleyi
317:Lydekkerina huxleyi
18:Lydekkerina huxleyi
4659:Geology portal
4534:Alfred W. Crompton
4499:Andrew Geddes Bain
3783:Pristerognathoides
3223:Titanium in Africa
3218:Platinum in Africa
3214:Iron ore in Africa
3057:Koffiefontein mine
3052:Jagersfontein Mine
2963:Gondwanide orogeny
2861:Bushveld Sandstone
2832:Teekloof Formation
2761:Kirkwood Formation
2710:Teekloof Formation
2621:Fig Tree Formation
1550:Stanocephalosaurus
1494:Quasicyclotosaurus
540:
387:, a South African
321:
237:Parrington, 1948
4777:
4776:
4717:Taxon identifiers
4708:
4707:
4642:
4641:
4624:Pothole (geology)
4604:
4603:
4586:Regional articles
4576:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4529:H. Basil S. Cooke
4432:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4205:Heterodontosaurus
4123:
4122:
3867:
3866:
3798:Promoschorhynchus
3253:
3252:
3228:Uranium in Africa
3176:Mineral deposits
3166:
3165:
3162:
3161:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2893:Molteno Formation
2888:Katberg Formation
2866:Clarens Formation
2822:Katberg Formation
2817:Balfour Formation
2785:Drakensberg Group
2773:Kalahari Deposits
2695:Balfour Formation
2626:Komatii Formation
2544:
2543:
2491:
2490:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2305:Batrachosuchoides
2214:
2213:
1692:
1691:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1508:Promastodonsaurus
1480:Paracyclotosaurus
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
546:are more heavily
432:for this reason.
252:
251:
246:
238:
230:
209:
174:
16:(Redirected from
4822:
4770:
4769:
4757:
4756:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4712:
4711:
4694:
4693:
4682:
4681:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4657:
4656:
4610:
4609:
4582:
4581:
4473:
4472:
4438:
4437:
4100:
4099:
3824:
3823:
3753:Macroscelesaurus
3633:Cistecephaloides
3618:Blattoidealestes
3442:Cistecephaloides
3345:Deltacephalaspis
3289:
3288:
3259:
3258:
3172:
3171:
3009:
3008:
2934:
2933:
2883:Elliot Formation
2871:Elliot Formation
2802:Karoo Supergroup
2636:Onverwacht Group
2606:
2605:
2586:
2585:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2548:
2547:
2534:
2533:
2501:Trematosauroidea
2485:
2478:
2472:
2093:
2092:
1987:Trematosuchoides
1896:Indolyrocephalus
1868:Erythrobatrachus
1722:
1721:
1711:
1710:
1698:
1697:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1564:Subcyclotosaurus
1501:Procyclotosaurus
1333:Indobenthosuchus
1305:Chomatobatrachus
1144:
1143:
1133:
1132:
1120:
1119:
1062:
1061:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1018:
983:
982:
968:
961:
954:
945:
944:
940:
935:
934:
933:
923:
922:
910:
904:
903:
882:
876:
875:
863:
857:
856:
844:
838:
837:
825:
819:
818:
794:
788:
787:
778:(1–2): 642–649.
769:
760:
754:
753:
729:
720:
719:
699:
690:
689:
665:
646:
645:
643:
615:
604:
603:
601:
599:
580:
490:. In 2003, both
366:Richard Lydekker
244:
236:
228:
196:
190:
169:
162:
149:
136:
123:
83:
82:
53:
40:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4765:
4760:
4752:
4747:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4719:
4709:
4704:
4667:
4665:
4651:
4638:
4629:Steep structure
4615:
4600:
4587:
4568:
4492:Paleontologists
4487:
4471:
4443:
4424:
4388:
4384:Vulpes skinneri
4357:
4336:
4320:
4316:Ptychoceratodus
4281:Acanthohoplites
4269:
4245:Ptychoceratodus
4119:
4098:
4049:Ptychoceratodus
4024:Platycraniellus
3949:Ictidosuchoides
3863:
3822:
3803:Scalopocephalus
3788:Pristerognathus
3703:Homodontosaurus
3591:
3517:Ictidosuchoides
3457:Dicynodontoides
3437:Charassognathus
3400:
3379:
3355:Gondwanascorpio
3318:
3287:
3264:
3249:
3177:
3158:
3142:
3111:
3078:
3007:
2993:Transvaal Basin
2973:Kalahari Craton
2968:Kaapvaal Craton
2939:
2920:
2904:
2856:Stormberg Group
2795:Uitenhage Group
2746:Uitenhage Group
2731:
2675:Bokkeveld Group
2645:
2604:
2591:
2580:
2575:
2545:
2540:
2526:Plagiosauroidea
2516:Brachyopomorpha
2511:Rhytidosteoidea
2506:Metoposauroidea
2487:
2486:
2456:
2416:Plagiobatrachus
2387:
2269:
2220:Chigutisauridae
2210:
2155:
2082:
2056:Buettnererpeton
2020:
1910:Lyrocephaliscus
1838:Trematosauridae
1832:
1805:
1758:Keratobrachyops
1751:Chinlestegophis
1718:
1705:
1688:
1659:
1639:
1522:Samarabatrachus
1417:Eocyclotosaurus
1353:
1290:
1212:
1171:
1140:
1127:
1098:
1078:
1051:
1045:Tetrapodomorpha
1030:Tetrapodomorpha
1020:
1008:Tetrapodomorpha
988:
987:
977:
972:
936:
931:
929:
926:
911:
907:
883:
879:
864:
860:
845:
841:
826:
822:
795:
791:
767:
761:
757:
730:
723:
700:
693:
666:
649:
616:
607:
597:
595:
582:
581:
577:
573:
565:archegosauroids
529:
509:Rewan Formation
451:Assemblage Zone
410:Assemblage Zone
353:
310:
168:
160:
147:
134:
121:
77:
44:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4828:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4790:Stereospondyls
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4758:
4745:
4729:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4676:
4662:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4578:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4549:James Kitching
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4479:
4477:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4379:Panthera shawi
4376:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4301:Macroscaphites
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4255:Sefapanosaurus
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4230:Massospondylus
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4175:Erythrotherium
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4097:
4096:
4094:Zorillodontops
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4019:Plateosauravus
4016:
4011:
4006:
4004:Olivierosuchus
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3984:Microgomphodon
3981:
3976:
3974:Melanorosaurus
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3924:Erythrotherium
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3879:Batrachosuchus
3875:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3830:
3828:
3821:
3820:
3818:Uranocentrodon
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3733:Lanthanostegus
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3663:Cynariognathus
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3623:Brachyprosopus
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3596:Beaufort Group
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3417:Alopecognathus
3414:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3304:Onychopterella
3301:
3295:
3293:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3193:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3133:Tswaing crater
3130:
3125:
3123:Kalkkop crater
3119:
3117:
3116:Impact craters
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2958:Ellisras Basin
2955:
2953:Cape Fold Belt
2950:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2807:Beaufort Group
2799:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2790:Enon Formation
2787:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2756:Enon Formation
2753:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2656:Carboniferous
2653:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2609:Palaeoarchaean
2603:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2480:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2409:Megalophthalma
2405:
2397:
2395:
2393:Plagiosauridae
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2340:Hadrokkosaurus
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2312:Batrachosuchus
2308:
2301:
2298:Batrachosaurus
2294:
2287:
2279:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2260:
2257:Pelorocephalus
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2224:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2165:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2096:
2090:
2088:Rhytidosteidae
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2030:
2028:
2026:Metoposauridae
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1945:Stoschiosaurus
1941:
1934:
1927:
1924:Panchetosaurus
1920:
1913:
1906:
1903:Inflectosaurus
1899:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1813:
1811:Benthosuchidae
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1744:Callistomordax
1740:
1733:
1725:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1706:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1649:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1578:Vladlenosaurus
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1515:Rhadalognathus
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1459:Mastodonsaurus
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1368:Antarctosuchus
1363:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1300:
1298:
1296:Lydekkerinidae
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1285:Uranocentrodon
1281:
1274:
1271:Rhinesuchoides
1267:
1260:
1253:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1227:Australerpeton
1222:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1166:Peltobatrachus
1162:
1155:
1147:
1141:
1138:Stereospondyli
1136:
1129:
1128:
1125:Stereospondyli
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1084:Stereospondyli
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1038:
1032:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1001:
995:
979:
978:
975:Stereospondyli
971:
970:
963:
956:
948:
942:
941:
925:
924:
905:
877:
858:
839:
820:
789:
755:
744:(6): 877–886.
721:
710:(4): 653–670.
691:
680:(4): 822–838.
647:
634:(2): 281–298.
605:
574:
572:
569:
528:
525:
460:Uranocentrodon
414:Beaufort Group
389:paleontologist
352:
349:
309:
306:
280:Early Triassic
276:Lydekkerinidae
274:of the family
259:is an extinct
250:
249:
248:
247:
239:
231:
220:
219:
213:
212:
211:
210:
183:
182:
176:
175:
158:
154:
153:
151:Lydekkerinidae
145:
141:
140:
138:Stereospondyli
132:
128:
127:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
71:
70:
55:
54:
46:
45:
42:Early Triassic
39:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4827:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4768:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4750:
4746:
4741:
4735:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4713:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4611:
4607:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4583:
4579:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4484:
4483:Hans Merensky
4481:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4439:
4435:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4410:Scylacorhinus
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4348:Africanacetus
4346:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4220:Litargosuchus
4218:
4216:
4215:Lesothosaurus
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4190:Gigantoscelus
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4140:Abrictosaurus
4138:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4059:Scaloposaurus
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4044:Proterosuchus
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4034:Progalesaurus
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3959:Lepidodendron
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3934:Euskelosaurus
3932:
3930:
3929:Eucnemesaurus
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3919:Erythrosuchus
3917:
3915:
3914:Ericiolacerta
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3884:Blikanasaurus
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3768:Pelictosuchus
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3743:Lepidodendron
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3713:Ictidochampsa
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3658:Cryptocynodon
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3608:Anomocephalus
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3577:Thliptosaurus
3575:
3573:
3572:Theriognathus
3570:
3568:
3567:Stereosternum
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3552:Scylacosaurus
3550:
3548:
3547:Procynosuchus
3545:
3543:
3542:Odontocyclops
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3522:Lepidodendron
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3512:Ictidognathus
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3477:Dwykaselachus
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3447:Crapartinella
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3422:Anomocephalus
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3396:Lepidodendron
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:Carboniferous
3382:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3335:Antarctilamna
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3263:Paleontology
3260:
3256:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3196:Witwatersrand
3194:
3192:
3191:Merensky Reef
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3173:
3169:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2935:
2931:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2631:Moodies Group
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2537:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2521:Brachyopoidea
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2444:Plagiosternum
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2382:Xenobrachyops
2379:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2361:Sinobrachyops
2358:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2347:Notobrachyops
2344:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2236:Chigutisaurus
2233:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2198:Indobrachyops
2195:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2150:Trucheosaurus
2147:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2129:Pneumatostega
2126:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2063:Dutuitosaurus
2060:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2008:Trematotegmen
2005:
2003:
2002:
2001:Trematosuchus
1998:
1996:
1995:
1994:Trematosaurus
1991:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1980:Trematolestes
1977:
1975:
1974:
1973:Tirraturhinus
1970:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1938:Prothoosuchus
1935:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1917:Microposaurus
1914:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1882:Hyperokynodon
1879:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1786:Rileymillerus
1783:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1716:Trematosauria
1712:
1708:
1704:
1703:Trematosauria
1699:
1695:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1674:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1645:Trematosauria
1642:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1620:Wetlugasaurus
1617:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1606:Watsonisuchus
1603:
1601:
1600:
1599:Warrenisuchus
1596:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1557:Stenotosaurus
1554:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1529:Sassenisaurus
1526:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1403:Cyclotosaurus
1400:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1326:Eolydekkerina
1323:
1321:
1320:
1319:Deltacephalus
1316:
1314:
1313:
1312:Cryobatrachus
1309:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1218:Rhinesuchidae
1215:
1209:
1208:
1207:Rotaurisaurus
1204:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1177:Lapillopsidae
1174:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1072:Temnospondyli
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:Temnospondyli
1054:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1014:Temnospondyli
1011:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1000:
996:
994:
990:
989:
984:
980:
976:
969:
964:
962:
957:
955:
950:
949:
946:
939:
928:
920:
916:
909:
901:
897:
893:
889:
881:
873:
869:
862:
854:
850:
843:
835:
831:
824:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
793:
785:
781:
777:
773:
766:
759:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
728:
726:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:Palaeontology
698:
696:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
642:
637:
633:
629:
628:Palaeontology
625:
623:
614:
612:
610:
594:. Fossilworks
593:
589:
587:
579:
575:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
549:
545:
538:
533:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
502:
497:
496:Muchocephalus
493:
489:
488:
487:Muchocephalus
483:
479:
474:
472:
471:
466:
465:L. putterilli
462:
461:
456:
452:
450:
446:
442:
441:L. putterilli
438:
433:
431:
427:
426:
421:
420:
415:
411:
409:
404:
400:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:
357:
348:
346:
341:
337:
333:
330:
325:
318:
314:
305:
303:
299:
298:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
266:
265:stereospondyl
262:
258:
257:
243:
240:
235:
232:
229:Romer, 1947
227:
224:
223:
221:
218:
214:
207:
203:
201:
195:
194:
187:
186:
184:
181:
177:
173:
167:
166:
159:
156:
155:
152:
146:
143:
142:
139:
133:
130:
129:
126:
125:Temnospondyli
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
81:
76:
72:
69:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
4724:
4697:
4683:
4664:
4650:
4544:Andre Keyser
4519:Alfred Brown
4514:Robert Broom
4306:Nqwebasaurus
4296:Kangnasaurus
4260:Sphenosuchus
4185:Geranosaurus
4165:Dracovenator
4145:Antetonitrus
4089:Ufudocyclops
4074:Tetracynodon
4064:Scymnosaurus
3969:Lystrosaurus
3963:
3954:Kannemeyeria
3909:Elliotherium
3808:Silpholestes
3758:Moschorhinus
3738:Leontosaurus
3708:Icticephalus
3698:Euchambersia
3648:Colobodectes
3638:Choerosaurus
3603:Aelurosaurus
3582:Trochosaurus
3562:Simorhinella
3557:Scymnosaurus
3502:Glossopteris
3487:Eunotosaurus
3365:Serenichthys
3350:Diplacanthus
3330:Africanaspis
3074:Karoo-Ferrar
2473:
2451:Plagiosuchus
2449:
2442:
2437:Plagioscutum
2435:
2430:Plagiosaurus
2428:
2423:Plagiorophus
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2354:Platycepsion
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2291:Bathignathus
2289:
2282:
2275:Brachyopidae
2262:
2255:
2248:
2243:Compsocerops
2241:
2234:
2229:Arenaerpeton
2227:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:Derwentiinae
2148:
2141:
2136:Rhytidosteus
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2108:Mahavisaurus
2106:
2099:
2077:Panthasaurus
2075:
2070:Metoposaurus
2068:
2061:
2054:
2049:Arganasaurus
2047:
2042:Apachesaurus
2040:
2033:
2015:Wantzosaurus
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1959:Tertremoides
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1875:Gonioglyptus
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1825:
1820:Benthosuchus
1818:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1676:
1634:Yuanansuchus
1632:
1627:Xenotosuchus
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1536:Sclerothorax
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1487:Parotosuchus
1485:
1478:
1471:
1466:Meyerosuchus
1464:
1457:
1452:Kupferzellia
1450:
1445:Kestrosaurus
1443:
1438:Jammerbergia
1436:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1389:Capitosaurus
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:Capitosauria
1347:
1346:
1340:Luzocephalus
1338:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1225:
1205:
1198:
1193:Manubrantlia
1191:
1184:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1003:
918:
914:
908:
891:
887:
880:
871:
867:
861:
852:
848:
842:
833:
829:
823:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
792:
775:
771:
758:
741:
737:
733:
707:
703:
677:
673:
669:
631:
627:
621:
596:. Retrieved
591:
585:
578:
560:
556:
543:
541:
536:
527:Paleobiology
520:
516:
506:
499:
495:
492:L. kitchingi
491:
485:
481:
478:L. kitchingi
477:
475:
468:
464:
458:
448:
440:
436:
434:
429:
423:
417:
408:Lystrosaurus
407:
398:
397:
392:
385:Robert Broom
380:
359:
355:
354:
335:
334:
323:
322:
316:
301:
295:
292:type species
284:South Africa
282:deposits in
270:. It is the
268:temnospondyl
255:
254:
253:
245:Broom, 1915
241:
233:
225:
198:
192:
191:
164:
163:
63:
35:
29:
4374:Homo naledi
4362:Pleistocene
4311:Paranthodon
4286:Algoasaurus
4265:Tritheledon
4250:Pulanesaura
4180:Fabrosaurus
4155:Coelophysis
4103:Assemblages
4084:Trirachodon
4079:Thrinaxodon
4029:Procolophon
4014:Pentasaurus
3999:Noteosuchus
3989:Micropholis
3964:Lydekkerina
3904:Dinanomodon
3894:Cynognathus
3827:Assemblages
3793:Procolophon
3778:Pristerodon
3773:Polycynodon
3728:Ictidostoma
3723:Ictidodraco
3688:Eohyosaurus
3683:Eodicynodon
3678:Dinanomodon
3628:Broomistega
3497:Glanosuchus
3482:Endothiodon
3467:Dinanomodon
3432:Bulbasaurus
3360:Priscomyzon
3084:Earthquakes
3069:Drakensberg
3024:Pilanesberg
2948:Algoa Basin
2916:Algoa Group
2839:Dwyka Group
2742:Cretaceous
2721:Ordovician
2700:Dwyka Group
2660:Dwyka Group
2402:Gerrothorax
2319:Blinasaurus
2250:Koolasuchus
2184:Deltasaurus
1889:Icanosaurus
1861:Cosgriffius
1854:Aphaneramma
1827:Kwatisuchus
1793:Syrtosuchus
1613:Wellesaurus
1592:Volgasuchus
1585:Volgasaurus
1571:Tatrasuchus
1431:Heptasaurus
1410:Edingerella
1382:Calmasuchus
1348:Lydekkerina
1278:Rhinesuchus
1257:Rastosuchus
1249:Parapytanga
1242:Laccosaurus
1235:Broomistega
1200:Rhigerpeton
1186:Lapillopsis
809:gen. nov".
807:Lydekkerina
598:17 December
588:Broom 1915"
586:Lydekkerina
561:Lydekkerina
557:Lydekkerina
544:Lydekkerina
521:Lydekkerina
501:Laccosaurus
480:, from the
470:Broomistega
463:. In 2000,
457:related to
455:rhinesuchid
437:Lydekkerina
430:Lydekkerina
419:Limnoiketes
403:Karoo Basin
399:Lydekkerina
393:Lydekkerina
336:Lydekkerina
324:Lydekkerina
308:Description
302:Lydekkerina
256:Lydekkerina
242:Putterillia
234:Limnoiketes
165:Lydekkerina
64:Lydekkerina
36:Lydekkerina
4784:Categories
4476:Geologists
4405:Planolites
4369:Boskop Man
4274:Cretaceous
4240:Pegomastax
4225:Lycorhinus
4210:Ledumahadi
4200:Gyposaurus
4150:Arcusaurus
4069:Shansiodon
4054:Regisaurus
4039:Prolacerta
3979:Mesosuchus
3939:Galesaurus
3899:Diademodon
3889:Bolotridon
3693:Emyduranus
3668:Cynosaurus
3643:Clelandina
3532:Mesosaurus
3527:Lycosuchus
3492:Galechirus
3472:Dinogorgon
3452:Cynosaurus
3299:Notiodella
3292:Ordovician
3186:Kimberlite
3147:Meteorites
3038:Diatremes
2844:Ecca Group
2725:Soom Shale
2499:See also:
2122:Peltostega
2101:Boreopelta
2035:Anaschisma
1966:Thoosuchus
1931:Platystega
1847:Angusaurus
1772:Latiscopus
1737:Bothriceps
1730:Almasaurus
1654:see below↓
1543:Selenocara
1473:Odenwaldia
1424:Eryosuchus
1159:Capulomala
1093:see below↓
874:: 251–252.
855:: 101–112.
817:: 363–368.
803:Bothriceps
571:References
537:L. huxleyi
513:Queensland
381:Bothriceps
361:Bothriceps
345:skull roof
297:L. huxleyi
272:type genus
200:Bothriceps
193:L. huxleyi
131:Suborder:
62:23354) of
4353:Nummulite
4332:Nummulite
4325:Paleogene
4291:Baculites
4009:Orosaurus
3994:Myosaurus
3813:Tamboeria
3763:Paliguana
3748:Lycideops
3718:Ictidodon
3673:Diictodon
3653:Compsodon
3613:Basilodon
3507:Hofmeyria
3462:Diictodon
3427:Basilodon
3412:Abdalodon
3391:Dadoxylon
3375:Umzantsia
3314:Soomaspis
3309:Promissum
3012:Volcanism
2998:Witteberg
2879:Triassic
2781:Jurassic
2671:Devonian
2650:Paleozoic
2368:Vanastega
2326:Brachyops
2284:Banksiops
2191:Derwentia
2177:Acerastia
2115:Nanolania
1800:Uruyiella
1765:Laidleria
1396:Cherninia
1264:Rhineceps
991:Kingdom:
799:Brachyops
482:Dicynodon
449:Dicynodon
425:Broomulus
377:biologist
329:parabolic
288:Australia
226:Broomulus
98:Kingdom:
92:Eukaryota
4740:Q2634677
4734:Wikidata
4699:Glossary
4685:Category
4195:Gryponyx
4170:Eocursor
4135:Aardonyx
4128:Jurassic
3872:Triassic
3587:Youngina
3537:Moschops
3370:Tutusius
3340:Bainella
3323:Devonian
3042:Big Hole
2909:Cenozoic
2736:Mesozoic
2686:Permian
2536:Category
2375:Vigilius
2264:Siderops
1952:Tertrema
1375:Bukobaja
1152:Arachana
999:Chordata
997:Phylum:
993:Animalia
921:: 21–36.
548:ossified
340:vomerine
217:Synonyms
144:Family:
112:Chordata
108:Phylum:
102:Animalia
88:Domain:
4754:8478054
4634:Swazian
4341:Neogene
3944:Howesia
3405:Permian
2333:Gobiops
2170:Arcadia
2143:Sangaia
1012:Order:
836:: 1–10.
445:Permian
412:of the
374:English
202:huxleyi
180:Species
170:Broom,
157:Genus:
118:Order:
4767:255237
4235:Ngwevu
2205:Rewana
1779:Qantas
805:, and
319:skull.
290:. The
4614:Other
4393:Other
1004:Clade
768:(PDF)
553:sulci
372:, an
261:genus
4749:GBIF
1070:see
1043:see
815:1915
600:2021
494:and
422:and
286:and
206:type
172:1915
60:USNM
896:doi
892:351
780:doi
746:doi
742:143
712:doi
682:doi
636:doi
511:of
364:by
294:is
263:of
204:) (
4786::
4764::
4751::
4736::
1006::
919:39
917:.
890:.
872:21
870:.
853:21
851:.
834:14
832:.
813:.
801:,
776:15
774:.
770:.
740:.
724:^
708:43
706:.
694:^
678:26
676:.
650:^
632:48
630:.
626:.
608:^
590:.
584:"†
504:.
473:.
439:,
66:,
2570:e
2563:t
2556:v
1343:?
1252:?
1230:?
967:e
960:t
953:v
902:.
898::
786:.
782::
752:.
748::
718:.
714::
688:.
684::
644:.
638::
602:.
208:)
189:†
161:†
148:†
135:†
122:†
20:)
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