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penultimate sentence is to make clear that a listed should lead to swift removal, no matter whether violates federal, state, or foreign law." Kagan wrote that the state arson law not including the interstate commerce restriction was a "jurisdictional element" that was not relevant to the applicability of the INA, which intended to also punish violations of state law, and such a difference was only a minor disparity.
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authored a 5–3 decision affirming the Second
Circuit. The opinion cited section 1101(a)(43)'s penultimate sentence, which says "The term applies to an offense described in this paragraph whether in violation of Federal or State law...". Justice Kagan wrote that "the whole point of § 1101(a)(43)'s
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joined. The dissent argued that
Congress had intended for federal crimes to be treated as more serious than state crimes by the plain language of the INA. The federal arson statute required that the act be "used in interstate or foreign commerce", and this standard was not met in Torres's case.
294:. The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) lists about 80 federal offenses as qualifying for "aggravated felony" status, and ICE charged that Torres' 1999 conviction is described by 18 U.S.C. § 844(i), a federal arson statute and one of the statues listed by the INA. The
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doctrine, the Second
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original decision: the difference was merely "jurisdictional", and Torres still qualified for the accelerated deportation process described under the INA.
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375:. Harvard Law School. August 20, 2014. p. 83.
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