326:, which he viewed as a part of the mathematical theory of iterational calculus. Despite his achievements, however, his early publications were considered insufficient to warrant a habilitation at the University of Lwow in 1901. Seventeen years later, with more publications to his name, he approached the University again for habilitation, but his request was denied. The committee's criticism focused on erroneous and unscientific reasoning in some of his papers, and cited the lack of clarity even in his expository works.
329:
As Böttcher worked in a mathematical discipline considerably removed from the interests of other Lwów mathematicians, he found little support from his peers. Indeed, his partial results and conclusions were forgotten, and a complete theory came about only decades later following the independent
558:
296:
484:
294:
and solved it under certain assumptions. He obtained results about the orbits of iterated rational maps, studied their convergence regions (
682:
623:
Domoradzki, Stanisław (2010), "Mathematics in Lwów before the Lwów
Mathematical School", in Martina Bečvářová; Christa Binder (eds.),
243:) at the school, and he offered courses on theoretical mechanics as well as mathematics for engineering. All his attempts to obtain
625:
Mathematics in the
Austrian-Hungarian Empire: Proceedings of a Symposium held in Budapest on August 1, 2009 during the XXIII ICHST
640:
618:, History of Mathematics, vol. 38, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI; London Mathematical Society, London
208:
He was expelled from the university for participation in patriotic (anti-Russian) demonstrations in 1894. He moved to
212:, where he obtained a so-called half-diploma in 1897. Desiring to continue his mathematical education, he moved to
677:
528:
Domoradzki, Stanisław; Stawiska, Małgorzata (July 11, 2012). "Lucjan Emil Böttcher and his mathematical legacy".
255:
310:. Indeed, his example of rational maps whose chaotic set is the entire sphere predated the more famous
561:(November 15, 2013). "Lucjan Emil Böttcher (1872–1937) - The Polish Pioneer of Holomorphic Dynamics".
498:
291:
115:
72:
616:
Early days in complex dynamics. A history of complex dynamics in one variable during 1906-1942
259:
105:
672:
667:
323:
194:
8:
343:
236:
209:
101:
562:
529:
478:
354:
Böttcher retired from the
Polytechnic School in 1935. He died in Lwów on May 29, 1937.
248:
235:
Following his doctorate, Böttcher returned to Lwów to take up a junior position at the
651:
The Growth of
Mathematical Culture in the Lvov Area in the Autonomy Period (1870-1920)
189:. He attended private schools in Warsaw and graduated from the classical gymnasium in
636:
307:
263:
202:
628:
582:
Eremenko, A.E.; Lyubich, M.Yu. (1990). "The dynamics of analytic transformations".
503:
283:
198:
145:
339:
251:
failed, however. This meant that he was not permitted to guide doctoral students.
471:
Principles of
Elementary Algebra, adapted to the curriculum in the Polish Kingdom
268:
Principles of
Elementary Algebra, adapted to the curriculum in the Polish Kingdom
46:
609:, Aspects of Mathematics, vol. E24, Braunschweig: Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn
287:
50:
632:
258:. He took seriously his role of an educator, encouraging the introduction of
661:
166:
335:
331:
266:
at school level, and writing several high-school textbooks. One example is
244:
442:"Glavnyshiye zakony skhodimosti iteratsiy i ikh prilozheniya k' analizu".
429:"Glavnyshiye zakony skhodimosti iteratsiy i ikh prilozheniya k' analizu".
416:"Glavnyshiye zakony skhodimosti iteratsiy i ikh prilozheniya k' analizu".
217:
201:
was the language of instruction at the university, as Warsaw was under
190:
150:
302:
306:); he also gave examples of everywhere chaotic maps constructed via
290:. His name is attached to Böttcher theorem, in which he introduced
614:
Alexander, Daniel S.; Iavernaro, Felice; Rosa, Alessandro (2012),
567:
534:
213:
68:
607:
A history of complex dynamics. From Schröder to Fatou and Julia
186:
182:
129:
91:
42:
377:"Zasady rachunku iteracyjnego (część pierwsza, część druga)".
274:
that aimed to teach students to think in terms of functions.
227:
Böttcher married Maria Wolle in 1900, and had four children.
170:
653:, History of Mathematics, vol. 47, Praha: Matfyzpress
403:"Zasady rachunku iteracyjnego (część III, dokończenie)".
197:
in the
Division of Mathematics and Physics. At the time,
282:
Böttcher's most important work was in the iterations of
613:
220:. His doctoral thesis, published in 1898, was titled
444:
Bulletin de la Société Physico-Mathématique de Kasan
431:
Bulletin de la Société Physico-Mathématique de Kasan
418:
Bulletin de la Société Physico-Mathématique de Kasan
527:
659:
581:
165:(January 21, 1872 – May 29, 1937) was a Polish
135:Beiträge zu der Theorie der Iterationsrechnung
463:Principles of geometry with numerous exercises
370:Beiträge zu der Theorie der Iterationsrechnung
222:Beiträge zu der Theorie der Iterationsrechnung
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
390:"Zasady rachunku iteracyjnego (część III)".
648:
622:
523:
521:
519:
483:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
181:Böttcher was born on January 21, 1872, in
604:
566:
542:
533:
557:
357:
516:
660:
627:, Praha: Matfyzpress, pp. 55–73,
173:in the beginning of the 20th century.
317:
270:(1911), which followed the so-called
239:. By 1911, he was licensed to teach (
322:Böttcher was one of the founders of
193:in 1893, after which he entered the
13:
683:20th-century Polish mathematicians
598:
14:
694:
649:Domoradzki, Stanisław (2011),
575:
372:(Ph.D.). Oswald Schmidt. 1898.
1:
605:Alexander, Daniel S. (1994),
509:
349:
277:
254:Böttcher was a member of the
195:Imperial University of Warsaw
176:
455:
7:
492:
405:Prace Matematyczno Fizyczne
392:Prace Matematyczno Fizyczne
385:: 65–86, 86–101. 1899–1900.
379:Prace Matematyczno Fizyczne
256:Polish Mathematical Society
10:
699:
362:
230:
156:
144:
128:
121:
111:
97:
87:
79:
57:
28:
21:
465:. Warsaw: M. Arct. 1908.
216:, where he worked under
237:Lwów Polytechnic School
210:Lwów Polytechnic School
102:Lwów Polytechnic School
678:Scientists from Warsaw
314:by over twenty years.
358:Selected bibliography
106:University of Leipzig
559:Stawiska, Małgorzata
324:Holomorphic dynamics
163:Lucjan Emil Böttcher
23:Lucjan Emil Böttcher
16:Polish mathematician
499:Böttcher's equation
450:(3): 201–234. 1904.
437:(2): 155–200. 1904.
344:Salvatore Pincherle
292:Böttcher's equation
116:Böttcher's equation
633:10338.dmlcz/400818
330:investigations of
318:Academic reception
308:elliptic functions
300:) and boundaries (
249:University of Lwów
642:978-80-7378-114-9
584:Leningrad Math. J
284:rational mappings
264:integral calculus
160:
159:
123:Scientific career
690:
654:
645:
619:
610:
592:
591:
579:
573:
572:
570:
555:
540:
539:
537:
525:
504:Complex dynamics
488:
482:
474:
466:
451:
438:
425:
412:
411:: 353–371. 1902.
399:
386:
373:
297:Fatou components
146:Doctoral advisor
140:
64:
39:January 21, 1872
38:
36:
19:
18:
698:
697:
693:
692:
691:
689:
688:
687:
658:
657:
643:
601:
599:Further reading
596:
595:
580:
576:
556:
543:
526:
517:
512:
495:
476:
475:
473:. Warsaw. 1911.
469:
461:
458:
441:
428:
424:(1): 137. 1903.
415:
402:
398:: 95–111. 1901.
389:
376:
368:
365:
360:
352:
320:
312:Lattès examples
280:
272:Meran programme
233:
179:
138:
98:Alma mater
75:
66:
62:
53:
47:Congress Poland
40:
34:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
696:
686:
685:
680:
675:
670:
656:
655:
646:
641:
620:
611:
600:
597:
594:
593:
574:
541:
514:
513:
511:
508:
507:
506:
501:
494:
491:
490:
489:
467:
457:
454:
453:
452:
439:
426:
413:
400:
387:
374:
364:
361:
359:
356:
351:
348:
319:
316:
288:Riemann sphere
279:
276:
232:
229:
178:
175:
169:who worked in
158:
157:
154:
153:
148:
142:
141:
132:
126:
125:
119:
118:
113:
112:Known for
109:
108:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
67:
65:(aged 65)
59:
55:
54:
51:Russian Empire
41:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
695:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
665:
663:
652:
647:
644:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
617:
612:
608:
603:
602:
590:(3): 563–634.
589:
585:
578:
569:
564:
560:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
536:
531:
524:
522:
520:
515:
505:
502:
500:
497:
496:
486:
480:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:
449:
445:
440:
436:
432:
427:
423:
419:
414:
410:
406:
401:
397:
393:
388:
384:
380:
375:
371:
367:
366:
355:
347:
345:
341:
340:Samuel Lattès
337:
333:
327:
325:
315:
313:
309:
305:
304:
299:
298:
293:
289:
285:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
252:
250:
246:
242:
241:venia legendi
238:
228:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
174:
172:
168:
167:mathematician
164:
155:
152:
149:
147:
143:
136:
133:
131:
127:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
31:
27:
20:
650:
624:
615:
606:
587:
583:
577:
470:
462:
447:
443:
434:
430:
421:
417:
408:
404:
395:
391:
382:
378:
369:
353:
336:Gaston Julia
332:Pierre Fatou
328:
321:
311:
301:
295:
281:
271:
267:
260:differential
253:
245:habilitation
240:
234:
226:
221:
207:
203:Russian rule
180:
162:
161:
134:
122:
63:(1937-05-29)
61:May 29, 1937
673:1937 deaths
668:1872 births
88:Citizenship
80:Nationality
662:Categories
510:References
350:Later life
278:Main works
218:Sophus Lie
177:Early life
151:Sophus Lie
35:1872-01-21
568:1307.7778
535:1207.2747
479:cite book
456:Textbooks
303:Julia set
493:See also
286:of the
247:at the
214:Leipzig
199:Russian
639:
363:Papers
231:Career
187:Poland
183:Warsaw
139:(1898)
137:
130:Thesis
92:Poland
83:Polish
73:Poland
43:Warsaw
563:arXiv
530:arXiv
191:Łomża
637:ISBN
485:link
422:XIII
409:XIII
342:and
262:and
171:Lvov
69:Lwów
58:Died
29:Born
629:hdl
448:XIV
435:XIV
396:XII
664::
635:,
586:.
544:^
518:^
481:}}
477:{{
446:.
433:.
420:.
407:.
394:.
381:.
346:.
338:,
334:,
224:.
205:.
185:,
104:,
71:,
49:,
45:,
631::
588:1
571:.
565::
538:.
532::
487:)
383:X
37:)
33:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.