Orange Order - Knowledge

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travelled to Ulster. During the 1970s an Orangeman—Roddy MacDonald—was the UDA's 'commander' in Scotland. In 1976, senior Scottish Orangemen tried to expel him after he admitted on television that he was a UDA leader and had smuggled weapons to Northern Ireland. However, his expulsion was blocked by 300 Orangemen at a special disciplinary hearing. His successor as Scottish UDA commander, James Hamilton, was also an Orangeman. Many Scottish Orangemen were also convicted for loyalist paramilitary activity, and some Orange meetings were used to raise funds for loyalist prisoners' welfare groups. In 2006, three

2123: 3521:. This group "bombed a pub in Belfast in 1973 but otherwise did little illegal other than collect the considerable bodies of arms found in Belfast Orange Halls". Portadown Orangemen allowed known militants such as George Seawright to take part in a 6 July 1986 march, contrary to a prior agreement. Seawright was a unionist politician and UVF member who had publicly proposed burning Catholics in ovens. As the march entered the town's Catholic district, the RUC seized Seawright and other known militants. The Orangemen attacked the officers with stones and other missiles. 2529: 2997: 2637: 1953:, Defenders and Protestant Peep o' Day Boys gathered to fight each other. This initial stand-off ended without a battle when the priest who accompanied the Defenders persuaded them to seek a truce, after a group called the "Bleary Boys" came from County Down to reinforce the Peep o' Day Boys. When a contingent of Defenders from County Tyrone arrived on 21 September, however, they were "determined to fight". The Peep o' Day Boys quickly regrouped and opened fire on the Defenders. According to 1634: 153: 1622: 10115: 2986: 10126: 10103: 3807:' by several parts of the British media); at the official unveiling of the character's name in February 2008, Orange Order education officer David Scott said Diamond Dan was meant to represent the true values of the Order: "... the kind of person who offers his seat on a crowded bus to an elderly lady. He won't drop litter and he will be keen on recycling". There were plans for a range of Diamond Dan merchandise designed to appeal to children. 4373:

celebration of a long-ago battle at the Boyne in 1690, but it came to symbolize for generations of Catholics the "croppie lie down" mentality on the Orange side. The thunderous beat of the huge drums was just a small way of instilling fear into the Nationalist communities, while the insistence on marching wherever they liked through Nationalist neighbourhoods was also a statement of supremacy and contempt for the feelings of the other community.

3407: 1821: 3208:, which it sees as having been founded to target Protestant parades, as Protestants parade at ten times the rate of Catholics. Grand Lodge is, however, divided on the issue of working with the Parades Commission. 40% of Grand Lodge delegates oppose official policy while 60% are in favour. Most of those opposed to Grand Lodge policy are from areas facing parade restrictions like Portadown District, Bellaghy, Derry City and Lower Ormeau. 2840: 3694: 3232: 10136: 3376: 3750:. Recently the relationship between the two Orange Institutions has improved, with joint church services being held. Some people believe that this will ultimately result in a healing of the split which led to the Independent Orange Institution breaking away from the mainstream Order. Like the main Order, the Independent Institution parades and holds meetings on the Twelfth of July. It is based mainly in north 2061:, thereby creating disunity and disorder under pretence of "passion for the Protestant religion". Mitchel wrote that the government invented and spread "fearful rumours of intended massacres of all the Protestant people by the Catholics". Historian Richard R Madden wrote that "efforts were made to infuse into the mind of the Protestant feelings of distrust to his Catholic fellow-countrymen". MP 2800:, where the Catholic and Protestant populations are close to parity, membership in 1971 was three times as high as in the more Protestant counties of Antrim and Down, where it was just over 10% of adult Protestant males. Other factors that are associated with high rates of membership are levels of unemployment that more closely match Catholic levels, and low levels of support for the 3618:, writes: "The Orange Order actually took a firm stand against violence and paramilitarism throughout the Troubles. This opposition was rooted in the large contingent of Protestant clergymen who are built into the power structure of the Order. Young Orangemen were urged to join the RUC (police) or UDR (local security forces) and to stay away from paramilitaries". 3173:" where the two communities live next to each other, are peaceful. The locations used for the annual Twelfth parades are located throughout the six counties of Northern Ireland with County Down having the most venues with thirty-three. Counties Armagh and Fermanagh having a smaller population both have twelve host venues. Some smaller villages such as 2167:

further increased the alarm of Orangemen in Ireland, as O'Connell's 'Repeal' movement aimed to bring about the restoration of a separate Irish Parliament in Dublin, which would have a Catholic majority, thereby ending to the Protestant Ascendancy. From this moment on, the Orange Order re-emerged in a new and even more militant form.

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the two other County Lodges in Northern Ireland, the City of Belfast Grand Lodge and the City of Londonderry Grand Orange Lodge, two each from the remaining Ulster counties (Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan), one from Leitrim, and 19 others. There are other committees of the Grand Lodge, including rules revision, finance, and education.

1927:. Here the number of Protestants and Catholics (in what was then Ireland's most populous county) were of roughly equal number, and competition between them to rent patches of land near markets was fierce. Drunken brawls between rival gangs had by 1786 become openly sectarian. These gangs eventually reorganised as the Protestant 2201:. A letter from Lieutenant-Colonel W. B. Fairman, Deputy Grand Secretary of the Orange Institution of Great Britain, advised the Marquess that following "a death of importance" (the passing of the King), the Orangemen would abandon their policy of "non-resistance" to the present "Popish Cabinet, and democratical Ministry" (the 3394:. There are many parades on and around 1 July in commemoration of the Somme, although the war memorial aspect is more obvious in some parades than others. There are several memorial lodges, and a number of banners which depict the Battle of the Somme, war memorials, or other commemorative images. In the grounds of the 2043:. By the time the Orange Order was formed, the United Irishmen had become a revolutionary group advocating an independent Irish republic that would "Unite Catholic, Protestant and Dissenter". United Irishmen activity was on the rise, and the government hoped to thwart it by backing the Orange Order from 1796 onward. 2668:, the first Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, maintained always that Ulster was in effect Protestant and the symbol of its ruling forces was the Orange Order. In 1932, Prime Minister Craig maintained that "ours is a Protestant government and I am an Orangeman". This was in response to a speech the year before by 3669:

Despite this hierarchy, private lodges are basically autonomous as long as they generally obey the rules of the Institution. Breaking these can lead to suspension of the lodge's warrant – essentially the dissolution of the lodge – by the Grand Lodge, but this rarely occurs. Private lodges may disobey

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The Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland has issued several statements condemning violence and paramilitarism. Answering accusations of paramilitary links by Sinn Féin in 2011, an Orange spokesman said: "The Orange Order has consistently condemned all terrorist violence". In 2008, Armagh Orangemen condemned

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There are at least two Orange Lodges in Northern Ireland which they claim represent the heritage and religious ethos of Saint Patrick. The best known is the Cross of Saint Patrick LOL (Loyal Orange lodge) 688, instituted in 1968 for the purpose of (re)claiming Saint Patrick. The lodge has had several

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One of the Orange Order's activities is teaching members and the general public about William of Orange and associated subjects. Both the Grand Lodge and various individual lodges have published numerous booklets about William and the Battle of the Boyne, often aiming to show that they have continued

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led to the dispute intensifying in the 1970s and 1980s. At this time, the most contentious part of the march was the outward leg along Obins Street. After serious violence two years in a row, the march was banned from Obins Street in 1986. The focus then shifted to the return leg along Garvaghy Road.

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At its peak in 1965, the Order's membership was around 70,000, which meant that roughly 1 in 5 adult Ulster Protestant males were members. Since 1965, it has lost a third of its membership, especially in Belfast and Derry. The Order's political influence suffered greatly after the unionist-controlled

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against the official unionist candidate, one of the city's largest millowners. For at least some of his supporters, the split was a protest against what they saw as the co-optation of the Orange Order by unionist political leaders and their alignment with the interests of landlords and employers (the

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said "It is essential that the Orange Order does not allow the paramilitaries to infiltrate its parades or hijack legitimate protests as a means of flaunting their aggression and engaging in displays of naked intimidation ... The Orange Order stands for higher ideals than this and must at every

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laws. He said: "Linking the Catholic community or indeed any community to terror groups is inciting weak-minded people to hatred, and surely history tells us what that has led to in the past". In a 2011 survey of 1,500 Orangemen throughout Northern Ireland, over 60% believed that "most Catholics are

2779:. The situation in Portadown was likened to a "war zone" and a "siege". During this time, supporters of the Orangemen murdered at least six Catholic civilians. In 1995 and 1996, residents succeeded in stopping the march. This led to a standoff at Drumcree between the security forces and thousands of 57: 3737:

who were both Orangemen, saw one being kicked out of the Order for embarrassing an Orange grandee who had apparently not voted against a nationalist motion. The Independent Order originally had radical tendencies, especially in the area of labour relations, but this soon faded. In the 1950s and 60s

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had welcomed Catholics and Protestants uniting "around the flag of 'The United Working Classes of Belfast' determined to show that there are times and circumstances when religious differences and party creeds must be forgotten". Others within the Order regarded such unity as tantamount to religious

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in 1829, Roman Catholics were free to take seats as MPs (and take up various other positions of influence and power from which they had been excluded) and play a part in framing the laws of the land. The likelihood of Irish Catholic members holding the balance of power in the Westminster Parliament

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One of the very few landed gentry who joined the Orange Order at the outset, William Blacker, was unhappy with some of the outcomes of the Battle of the Diamond. He says that a determination was expressed to "driving from this quarter of the county the entire of its Roman Catholic population", with

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The Royal Black Institution was formed out of the Orange Order two years after the founding of the parent body. Although it is a separate organisation, one of the requirements for membership in the Royal Black is membership of the Orange Order and to be no less than 17 years old. The membership is

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The Grand Lodge of Ireland has 373 members. As a result, much of the real power in the Order resides in the Central Committee of the Grand Lodge, which is made up of three members from each of the six counties of Northern Ireland (Down, Antrim, Armagh, Londonderry, Tyrone and Fermanagh) as well as

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The Orange Institution in Ireland has the structure of a pyramid. At its base are about 1400 private lodges; every Orangeman belongs to a private lodge. Each private lodge sends six representatives to the district lodge, of which there are 126. Depending on size, each district lodge sends seven to

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Orange lodges in Britain have also been accused of links with loyalist paramilitaries. In the early years of The Troubles, the Order's Grand Secretary in Scotland toured Orange lodges for volunteers to "go to Ulster to fight". Thousands are believed to have volunteered although only a small number

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The highlights of the Orange year are the parades leading up to the celebrations on the Twelfth of July. The Twelfth, however, remains in places a deeply divisive issue, not least because of the alleged triumphalism, anti-Catholicism and anti-Irish nationalism of the Orange Order. In recent years,

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The homeland and birthplace of the Defenders was mid-Ulster and here they failed to participate in the rebellion, having been cowed into submission and surrounded by their Protestant neighbours who had been armed by the government. The sectarian attacks on them were so severe that Grand Masters of

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To most outsiders, it is a sectarian remnant and an obdurate barricade to progress, but for its members and supporters, the Order exists to defend Protestantism and civil and religious liberty across the globe. Certainly, the Order describes itself as a religious brotherhood, and whatever else it

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groups have claimed that the Orange Order is still influenced by freemasonry. Many Masonic traditions survive, such as the organisation of the Order into lodges. The Order has a similar system of degrees through which new members advance. These degrees are interactive plays with references to the

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by Irish nationalists. From 1998 onward the march was banned from Garvaghy Road and the Catholic area was sealed-off with large barricades. For a few years, there was an annual major standoff at Drumcree and widespread loyalist violence. Since 2001, things have been relatively calm, but the Order

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saw over 100 non-combatant (mostly Protestant) men, women, and children imprisoned in a barn which was then set alight, with the Catholic and Protestant rebels ensuring none escaped, not even a child who it is claimed managed to break out only for a rebel to kill with his pike. In the trials that

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was hospitalised after falling off the roof of an Orange hall. In a number of cases halls have been badly damaged or completely destroyed by arson, while others have been damaged by paint bombings, graffiti and other vandalism. The Order claims that there is considerable evidence of an organised

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When the UUC was established there was only one Unionist Party. That is no longer the case and we feel that arrangements made in 1905 are no longer relevant to the political scene in Northern Ireland in 2005. ...The Loyal Orange Institution will continue to lobby for the unionist cause as events

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to help fight the rebellion and "proved an invaluable addition to government forces". No attempt was made to disarm Orangemen outside the yeomanry because they were seen as by far the lesser threat. It was also claimed that if an attempt had been made then "the whole of Ulster would be as bad as

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After the battle had ended, the Peep o' Days marched into Loughgall, and in the house of James Sloan they founded the Orange Order, which was to be a Protestant defence association made up of lodges. The principal pledge of these lodges was to defend "the King and his heirs so long as he or they

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Most jurisdictions require both the spouse and parents of potential applicants to be Protestant, although the Grand Lodge can be appealed to make exceptions for converts. Members have been expelled for attending Roman Catholic religious ceremonies. In the period from 1964 to 2002, 11% of those

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said that the talks exposed the Order as a "very political organisation". Shortly after the election, Grand Master Robert Saulters called for a "single unionist party" to maintain the union. He said that the Order has members "who represent all the many shades of unionism" and warned, "we will

2520:(1904). However, his subsequent call in the Magheramorne Manifesto (1904) on Irish Protestants to "reconsider their position as Irish citizens and their attitude towards their Roman Catholic countrymen" proved too much for Sloan and most of the membership, and Crawford was eventually expelled. 2378:. There was a time, historian Brian Kennaway remarks, when Orangemen, still regarding themselves as Irish patriots, "had no problem with the Irish language". (Kane's memorial at the Clifton Street Orange Hall over whose opening he had presided in 1885, commends him as a "Loyal Irish Patriot"). 4410:

Ignatieff explains how the victory of William of Orange over Catholic King James 'became a founding myth of ethnic superiority ... The Ulstermen's reward, as they saw it, was permanent ascendancy over the Catholic Irish'. Thus, Orange Order marches have come to symbolise the supremacy of

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Most of the organization's lodges are located in Ireland, England, and Scotland, although others can be found throughout the British Commonwealth, including Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Africa. The lodges of every country are independent, but the Orange Order meets in a triennial world

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rather implausibly deny any connection between the Peep-o'-Day Boys and the first Orangemen or, even less plausibly, between the Orangemen and the mass wrecking of Catholic cottages in Armagh in the months following 'the Diamond' – all of them, however, acknowledge the movement's lower-class

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The annual Orange marches have passed relatively peacefully in Northern Ireland this year, and it seems a good faith effort is underway to try and reorient the day from one of triumphalism to one of community outreach and a potential tourist attraction ... The 12th may well have been a

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Submission dated 19 March 2015 of the Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland and signed by Dr. David Hume, Director of Services of the Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland in respect of the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure consultation paper entitled "Consultation on Proposals for an Irish Language

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It is perhaps unsurprising that the order has outposts in countries like Australia and Canada where ex-pats from Northern Ireland have emigrated. But that is not how the order took root in the West African countries Ghana and Togo. The first Orange lodge in what is now Ghana was founded in

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notices posted warning them "to Hell or Connaught". Other people were warned by notices not to inform on local Orangemen or "I will Blow your Soul to the Low hils of Hell And Burn the House you are in". Within two months, 7,000 Catholics had been driven out of County Armagh. According to

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The 'Marching Days' beginning on July 12 each year ... are considered highlights of the Protestant calendar. A few of theses marches, wind their way past some Catholic enclaves, a move considered provocative by some nationalists, that ensures resistance, trouble and, occasionally,

3430:. However, it has publicly condemned terrorism and paramilitary violence. Some bands that appear at Orange marches openly display support for loyalist paramilitary groups, such as by carrying paramilitary flags or sporting paramilitary names and emblems. For example, prominent loyalist 2209:) and that "it might be political to join" them. Londonderry demurred: he had no doubt that the Duke of Cumberland would be persuaded that "the present state of liberal Whig feeling in this very Whig county ... entirely preclude the possibility of successful efforts at this juncture". 3710:

A distinct women's organisation grew up out of the Orange Order. Called the Association of Loyal Orangewomen of Ireland, this organisation was revived in December 1911 having been dormant since the late 1880s. They have risen in prominence in recent years, largely due to protests in

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Northern Ireland House of Commons Official Report, Vol 34 col 1095. Sir James Craig, Unionist Party, then Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, 24 April 1934. This speech is often misquoted as "A Protestant Parliament for a Protestant People", or "A Protestant State for a Protestant

3016:, and all Prime Ministers of Northern Ireland and the vast majority of senior UUP figures were members of the Order. Due to its close links with the UUP, the Orange Order was able to exert great influence. The Order was the force behind the UUP no-confidence votes in reformist 3131:. In its submission, the Lodge stated that it respected "Irish as one of the indigenous languages of the British Isles". However, the Lodge argued an Irish Language Act would promote inequality because it would be "directed towards a section of the Roman Catholic community". 2095:

followed the massacres, evidence was recorded of anti-Orange sentiments being expressed by the rebels at Scullabogue. Partly as a result of this atrocity, the Orange Order quickly grew and large numbers of gentry with experience gained in the yeomanry came into the movement.

2007:(founder of the Orange Boys), Daniel Winter and James Sloan. The first Orange lodge was established in nearby Dyan, and its first grandmaster was James Sloan of Loughgall. Its first-ever marches were to celebrate the Battle of the Boyne and they took place on 12 July 1796 in 2065:

wrote in August 1796 that "As for the Orangemen, we have rather a difficult card to play ... we must to a certain degree uphold them, for with all their licentiousness, on them we must rely for the preservation of our lives and properties should critical times occur".

3715:. The women's order is parallel to the male order, and participates in its parades as much as the males apart from 'all male' parades and 'all ladies' parades respectively. The contribution of women to the Orange Order is recognised in the song "Ladies Orange Lodges O!". 3609:

the flying of paramilitary flags. Denis Watson, the then secretary of the Grand Lodge of Ireland, has publicly called for anyone convicted of terrorist offences to be thrown out. Addressing a 12 July demonstration in 2000, Orangeman and Democratic Unionist politician

3574:, loyalist militants publicly supported the Orangemen and launched waves of violence across NI in protest at the Orange march being blocked. They smuggled homemade weaponry to Drumcree, apparently unhindered by the Orangemen, and attacked police lines. Members of the 3791:

As part of the re-branding of Orangeism to encourage younger people into a largely ageing membership, and as part of the planned rebranding of the July marches into an 'Orangefest', the 'superhero' Diamond Dan was created – named after one of its founding members,

3972:, first at the Jordanstown campus in 2010, followed by Coleraine in 2012. The societies engage in a range of cultural, historical and social events. Any student can join the Orange Society at their university regardless of their religion or background. 2334:

constables had been brought in from other parts of Ireland, many of them Catholic, when revellers, celebrating the defeat, had begun attacking Catholic homes and businesses. Kane did not counter the rumour that they were on a punitive mission for the

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and rick-burners", the United Irishmen were indebted to the Armagh disturbances as the Orangemen had scattered politicised Catholics throughout the country and encouraged Defender recruitment, creating a proto-army for the United Irishmen to utilise.

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All Lodge meetings commence with the reading of the Bible and prayers that non-practising Protestants, Roman Catholics and people of other faiths and none, 'may become wise unto salvation' (which is direct quote from 2 Timothy 3:15 in the Bible).

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of the DUP and Gordon Lucy, Director of the Ulster Society are the more prominent members within the lodge membership. In the 1970s there was also a Belfast lodge called Oidhreacht Éireann (Ireland's Heritage) LOL 1303, which argued that the

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On 19 July 1823 the Unlawful Oaths Bill was passed, banning all oath-bound societies in Ireland. This included the Orange Order, which had to be dissolved and reconstituted. In 1825 a bill banning unlawful associations – largely directed at

6696:("On top of these previous concerns, there has been a growing evangelical opposition to the highly degrading ritualistic practices of the Royal Arch Purple and the Royal Black Institutions within the Orange over this past number of years.") 3598:. Following a police raid on the hall, two Orangemen were convicted for possession of "documents likely to be of use to terrorists", an automatic rifle, and membership of the Orange Volunteers. Their Orange lodge refused to expel them. 2457:

Tension between tenants and landowners, nonetheless, continued within the Order, the focus shifting from tenant right to "compulsory purchase" (the right of tenants to buy out their landlords at fixed valuations). Particularly in north

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from acting as Orange chaplains and later, from the 1970s, when it openly endorsed the UUP against the DUP. By the turn of the century, however, Orangemen had begun to vote for the DUP in large numbers due to their opposition to the

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At the close of the eighteenth century, Protestants, again feeling the threat of the Catholic majority, began forming secret societies which coalesced into the Orange Order. Its main purpose has always been to maintain Protestant

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member who was killed by his own bomb. It has also been claimed that paramilitary groups approach certain bands asking the band to carry a flag of their organisation with financial assistance sometimes offered for doing so.

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Previous rules specifically forbade Roman Catholics and their close relatives from joining but the current rules use the wording "non-reformed faith" instead. Converts to Protestantism can join by appealing to Grand Lodge.

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have questioned this statement, saying whoever the Governor believed were the "lawless banditti", they could not have been Orangemen as there were no lodges in existence at the time of his speech. According to historian Jim

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England of celebrating key events in the Protestant calendar. By the 1740s there were organisations holding parades in Dublin such as the Boyne Club and the Protestant Society, both seen as forerunners to the Orange Order.

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Modern Irish republicans may look back to the United Irishmen as the founders of their tradition. But the one present-day organisation that can trace an unbroken descent from the 1790s is the Protestant supremacist Orange

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policies laid down by senior lodges without consequence. For example, several lodges have failed to expel members convicted of murder despite a rule stating that anyone convicted of a serious crime should be expelled, and

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In a 2011 survey of Orangemen throughout Northern Ireland, 58% said they should be allowed to march through Irish nationalist and Catholic areas with no restrictions; 20% said they should negotiate with residents first.

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expelled from the order were expelled for their presence at a Roman Catholic religious event such as a baptism, service or funeral. This is based on Reformed Christian theology, which teaches that the Roman Catholic

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was frequently seen at Drumcree in the company of Harold Gracey, head of Portadown Orange Lodge. Gracey later attended a rally in support of Wright and refused to condemn the loyalist violence linked to the standoff.

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are a big part of the Order's activities. Most Orange lodges hold a yearly parade from their Orange hall to a local church. The denomination of the church is quite often rotated, depending on local demographics.

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falls on a Sunday the parades traditionally held on that date are held the next day instead. In March 2002, the Order threatened "to take every action necessary, regardless of the consequences" to prevent the

3540:, said the marchers "would have disgraced a tribe of cannibals". The incident led to a more concerted effort by residents to have the marches banned from the area. In 2007, a banner commemorating UDA member 2752:. Originally, most of the route was farmland, but is now the densely populated Catholic part of town. The residents have sought to re-route the march away from this area, seeing it as "triumphalist" and " 7810: 3783:

The Apprentice Boys of Derry exist for their acts during the siege of Derry from James II. Although they have no formal connection with the Orange Order, the two societies have overlapping membership.

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Agricultural Association complied with the Order's wishes. Conversely, notable exceptions to such apparently strict Sabbatarianism may be exemplified by Queen's Orange Society (LOL 1845) parading past

2114:. Many Catholics supported the Act, but the Orange Order saw it as a threat to the "Protestant constitution" and 36 lodges in counties Armagh and Monaghan alone passed declarations opposing the Union. 7216: 4097:

We are a Protestant fraternity with members throughout the world. Autonomous Grand Lodges are found in Scotland, England, the United States of America, West Africa, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

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was their recognition that "the land grievance had been a bond of discontent between Ulster and the rest of Ireland and in that sense a danger to the union". Quite apart from participation in local

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and adhere to its principles, nor does it accept Protestants married to non-Protestants. Orange marches through Catholic neighbourhoods are controversial and have often led to violence, such as the

2783:. Following a wave of loyalist violence, the march was allowed through. In 1997, security forces locked down the Catholic area and forced the march through, citing loyalist threats. This sparked 8444: 7664: 6871: 6540: 2252:

earned him a two-month prison sentence. The following year, as the standard bearer of United Protestant Working Men's Association of Ulster, Johnston was returned to Parliament for Belfast.

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In December 2009, the Orange Order held secret talks with the two unionist parties. The main goal of these talks was to foster greater unity between the two parties, in the run-up to the

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Some marches have been a source of tension between nationalists who see the parades as triumphalist and intimidating, and Orangemen who believe it is their right to walk on public roads.

3510:(who himself was an Orangeman). McIlwaine was also pictured acting as a steward at a 2014 Orange march. An Orange Order spokesman refused to condemn McIlwaine's membership of the Order. 3738:

the Independents focused primarily on religious issues, especially the maintenance of Sunday as a holy day and separation of politics from religion. With the outbreak of the Troubles,

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Private lodges wishing to change Orange Order rules or policy can submit a resolution to their district lodge, which may submit it upwards until it eventually reaches the Grand Lodge.

2711:(UDR). The response from Orangemen was strong. Over 300 Orangemen were killed during the conflict, the vast majority of them members of the security forces. Some Orangemen also joined 2216:

between Orangemen and Ribbonmen in 1849 led to a ban on Orange marches which remained in place for several decades. This was eventually lifted after a campaign of disobedience led by

2418:, under military and police protection, helped bring in the harvest on his employer's estate. But among Orangemen there was tenant-farmer support for reform. One reason the majority 8227: 6912: 6026: 3968:

formed the first 'Student's Orange Society' in May 2007 aiming to, "educate the students of Queen's on the different aspects of the Orange Order." Societies were later formed at

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The United Irishmen saw the Defenders as potential allies, and between 1794 and 1796 they formed a coalition. Despite some seeing the Defenders as "ignorant and poverty-stricken

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still campaigns for the right to march on Garvaghy Road. The dispute led to a short-lived boycott of businesses owned by Orangemen and their supporters elsewhere in the region.

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often function as community halls for Protestants and sometimes those of other faiths, although this was more common in the past. The halls often host community groups such as

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appeared at Drumcree with banners supporting the Orangemen. Portadown Orange Lodge said it could not stop such people from gathering, but added that it welcomed any support.

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thirteen representatives to the county lodge, of which there are 12. Each of these sends representatives to the Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland, which heads the Orange Order.

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have constituted themselves judges ... and the sentence they have denounced ... is nothing less than a confiscation of all property, and an immediate banishment.

6470: 6226: 4359: 2578:, an Ulster-wide militia dedicated to resisting Home Rule. There was a strong overlap between Orange Lodges and UVF units. A large shipment of rifles was imported from 3517:(UDA) escorted an Orange march into the Catholic area of Portadown, saluting the Orangemen as they passed. That year, Orangemen formed a paramilitary group called the 7863: 4301:

The Orange Order's parades, with their distinctive soundtrack of thunderous drums and pipes, are seen by some Catholics in Northern Ireland as a triumphalist display.

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began regularly speaking at Independent meetings, although he was never a member. As a result, the Independent Institution has become associated with Paisley and the

10175: 3931: 4929: 3308:(available in a print edition and also electronically) and the Twelfth souvenir booklet. While William is the most frequent subject, other topics have included the 3124: 3097: 2371: 1139: 8327: 8045: 8007: 7802: 7757: 2260:

By the late 19th century, the Order was in decline. However, its fortunes were revived in the 1880s after its embrace by the landlords in opposition to both the

1597: 3278:, has said the arson is a "campaign against properties belonging to the Orange Order and other loyal institutions" by nationalists. On one occasion a member of 3398:, which commemorates the men of the Ulster Division who died in the Battle of the Somme, a smaller monument pays homage to the Orangemen who died in the war. 5933: 3858: 3811: 3084: 2570:– a pledge to oppose Home Rule which was signed by up to 500,000 people. In 1911, some Orangemen began to arm themselves and train as militias. In 1913, the 6591: 6205: 3058:

In 2005, Order decided to cut its ties to the UUP, ending the 100-year institutional linkage. Speaking to the decision, Grand Master Robert Saulters noted:

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Murphy, James H. Abject Loyalty: Nationalism and Monarchy in Ireland During the Reign of Queen Victoria The Catholic University of America Press (2001) p18

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at Westminster, had concluded that "the Orange society is alone capable of dealing with the condition of anarchy and rebellion which prevail in Ireland".

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was established to bring together unionists in the north including, the Order was given 50 of 200 seats, It was a position within the constitution of the

1965:". At the start the Orange Order was a "parallel organisation" to the Defenders in that it was a secret oath-bound society that used passwords and signs. 1029: 1935:, with the next decade in County Armagh marked by fierce sectarian conflict between both groups, which escalated and spread into neighbouring counties. 8440: 7393: 6354: 5137: 1189: 8400: 7412: 3532:

and Jim Cusack said images of Orangemen "gloating over the massacre" were beamed around the world and were a public relations disaster for the Order.

2767:

Each July from 1995 to 2000, the dispute drew worldwide attention as it sparked protests and violence throughout Northern Ireland, prompted a massive

8284: 6404: 4747:"James Wilson and James Sloan, who along with 'Diamond' Dan Winter, issued the first Orange lodge warrants from Sloan's Loughgall inn, were masons." 4084: 3943: 3089: 3020: 1977:

It is no secret that a persecution is now raging in this country ... the only crime is ... profession of the Roman Catholic faith. Lawless

6533: 3769:

exclusively male and the Royal Black Chapter is generally considered to be more religious and respectable in its proceedings than the Orange Order.

3528:—in which the UDA killed five Catholic civilians—Orangemen shouted pro-UDA slogans and held aloft five fingers as a taunt to residents. Journalists 2730:. The Order urged its members not to join these organisations, and it is only recently that some of these intra-unionist breaches have been healed. 6891: 5559: 5490: 1209: 827: 5541: 2831:

has a field of orange with a purple star and a St. Georg's Cross in the upper left corner. Orange represents the monarchs in the House of Orange.

8305: 7923: 6427: 2869: 2744:

The Drumcree dispute is perhaps the most well-known episode involving the Order since 1921. On the Sunday before 12 July each year, Orangemen in

2685: 9246: 8125: 7354: 2232:

in 1861, Johnston had been asking: "If Nationalists are allowed such mobilisation, why are loyal Orangemen not allowed to march freely". On the

9292:

Pierre-Luc Bégin (2008). " Loyalisme et fanatisme ", Petite histoire du mouvement orangiste Canadien, Les Éditions du Québécois, 2008, 200 p. (

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opportunity condemn the illegal activities of the paramilitaries and of all those who engage in acts of violence". Eric Kaufmann, in his book

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government of Northern Ireland was abolished in 1973. In 2012, it was stated that estimated membership of the Orange Order was around 34,000.

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Occasionally the Order and the more fundamentalist Independent Order publishes historical arguments based more on religion than on history.

10185: 9366: 4490: 3793: 2103:

and two former Grand Masters, Orangemen were among the first to contribute to repair funds for Catholic property damaged in the rebellion.

9303:

Luc Bouvier, (2002). « Les sacrifiés de la bonne entente » Histoire des francophones du Pontiac, Éditions de l'Action nationale.

6710:"The Queen's LOL 1845 annual service was held at Union Theological College, Belfast, parading from and returning to Sandy Row Orange Hall" 1743:

in Ireland. The all-island Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland was established in 1798. Its name is a tribute to the Dutch-born Protestant king

9530: 9512: 8223: 3839: 3329: 2111: 1234: 183: 9022: 8154: 7630: 6919: 6104: 5379: 4444:"... No catholic and no-one whose close relatives are catholic may be a member." Northern Ireland The Orange State, Michael Farrell 3733:, who opposed the main Order's domination by Unionist Party politicians and the upper classes. A dispute between unionist candidates in 8838: 8771: 5830: 5651:

Kirkpatrick, R. W. (1980), "Origins and development of the land war in mid-Ulster, 1879–85" in F. S. Lyons and R. A. J. Hawkins (eds.)

5297: 4136: 3427: 2593:

in August 1914, which caused the Home Rule Bill to be suspended for the duration of the war. Many Orangemen served in the war with the

2483: 2431: 2070: 940: 8583: 8421: 2134:

In the early nineteenth century, Orangemen were heavily involved in violent conflict with an Irish Catholic secret society called the

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James Wilson and James Sloan, who issued the warrants for the first Lodges of the Orange Order along with 'Diamond' Dan Winter, were

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on 25 May 1816. According to the article, "A number of Orangemen with arms rushed into the church and fired upon the congregation".

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There was however, uproar when it was revealed in the middle of the 'Marching Season' that Diamond Dan was a repaint of illustrator

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Of the approximately 700 Orange halls in Ireland, 282 have been targeted by arsonists since the beginning of the Troubles in 1968.

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require and we will seek to establish good relationships with all those engaged in the political interests of the unionist people.

2974:. This is a political ideology that supports the continued unity of the United Kingdom. Unionism is thus opposed to, for example, 10215: 10165: 8483: 8370: 3537: 1009: 885: 8507: 7257: 6963: 6510: 10200: 9550: 9334: 7975: 6148: 3386:

The Order has been prominent in commemorating Ulster's war dead, particularly Orangemen and particularly those who died in the

3008:(UUC) was formed, the Orange Order was entitled to send delegates to its meetings. The UUC was the decision-making body of the 2559: 2311: 9032: 6480: 6385: 6223: 5811:

Collins, Peter (1998). "Larkin, James", S.J. Connolly, The Oxford Companion to Irish History. Oxford University Press. p. 302

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claims that statistical analysis shows that this campaign began in the last years of the 1980s and continues to the present.

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The split had first occurred in Belfast. In laying the foundation stone of the Working Men's Institute in Belfast in 1870,

2081:. In Ulster, most of the United Irish commanders and many of the rebels were Protestant. Orangemen were recruited into the 228: 5519: 4323: 2672:

in the Irish Free State claiming that Ireland was a "Catholic nation" in a debate about protests against Protestant woman

2194:, the King indicated measures would have to be taken and the Duke of Cumberland was forced to dissolve the Orange lodges. 2086:

Antrim and Down", where the United Irishmen rebellion was at its strongest. However, sectarian massacres by the rebels in

9545: 6683: 4941: 3525: 2665: 2641: 2474: 2187: 1970: 1089: 755: 9065:

Cadigan, Sean T. (1991). "Paternalism and Politics: Sir Francis Bond Head, the Orange Order, and the Election of 1836".

5666: 10205: 9810: 9399: 9394: 8040: 8004: 6281: 3743: 3101: 3047: 3017: 2908:

established by Unionist Masons as a more violent and jingoist vehicle for the promotion of Unionism. Some anti-Masonic

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The Cause of Ireland: From the United Irishmen to Partition, Liz Curtis, Beyond the Pale Publications, Belfast, 1994,

9297: 9235: 9212: 9167: 9148: 9125: 9055: 9002: 8963: 8944: 8921: 8666: 7614:

The Irish on the Somme: A Battlefield Guide to the Irish Regiments in the Great War and the Monuments to their Memory

7570: 7311: 7286: 7190: 7177: 7165: 6973: 6857: 6845: 6829: 6629: 6458: 6087: 6075: 6059: 5953: 5796: 5600: 5474: 5270: 5236: 5120: 5035: 4976: 4808: 4775: 4712: 4688: 4612: 4587: 4523: 3870: 2597:, suffering heavy losses, and commemorations of their sacrifice are still an important element of Orange ceremonies. 2543:

From the outset, the Orange Order was instrumental in the formation of a distinct Ulster unionism. In 1905, when the

2182:

died; once the plot was revealed the House of Commons called upon the King to disband the Order. Under pressure from

2062: 1799: 1380: 1129: 5365:

Kennedy, David (1955), "Ulster and the Antecedents of Home Rule, 1850-86", in T. W. Moody and J. C. Beckett (eds.),

3605:

in Antrim was jailed in 2013 for his part in a sectarian attack on a Polish family. He was expelled from the Order.

3506:

soldier Eddie McIlwaine, was pictured taking part in an Orange march in 2003 with a bannerette of killed UVF member

9882: 9359: 7983: 3901: 3864: 3220: 2179: 2171: 1584: 1334: 1296: 999: 444: 4530:

Loyal (Protestant) orders, the largest being the Orange Order, hold the most well-known and controversial parades.

2796:

Membership of the Order was historically lower in areas where Protestants are in the majority, and vice versa. In

10220: 9877: 9822: 9487: 7041: 6709: 6184: 6162: 5919: 3949: 2307: 2217: 1786:. The Order sees itself as defending Protestant civil and religious liberties, whilst critics accuse it of being 1589: 772: 4253: 3803:

Initially unveiled with a competition for children to name their new mascot in November 2007 (it was nicknamed '

3134: 8614: 5209: 5184: 5065: 4553: 3996: 3889: 3724: 3013: 2776: 2681: 2680:. Two years later he stated: "I have always said that I am an Orangeman first and a politician and a member of 2609: 2601: 2493: 2323: 2191: 1767: 1705: 1579: 1301: 930: 391: 327: 7523: 6656: 1985:

A former Grand Master of the Order, also called William Blacker, and a former County Grand Master of Belfast,

7226: 3965: 3925: 3919: 2955: 2617: 2575: 2492:

established the Independent lodges after he had been expelled by the Order for running as the nominee of the

1657: 1569: 7397: 3279: 2860:. As such the Order only accepts those who confess a belief in a Protestant religion. As well as Catholics, 10170: 10060: 9897: 9814: 9782: 9462: 8392: 8276: 7422: 7358: 3991: 3883: 2718:

groups. During the conflict, the Order had a fractious relationship with loyalist paramilitary groups, the

1574: 1444: 31: 6401: 4080: 3454:

A number of prominent loyalist militants were members of the Orange Order at the same time. This includes

2941:, and that it forbids Christians to work, or engage in non-religious activity generally, on Sundays. When 2612:. This self-governing entity within the United Kingdom was confirmed in its status under the terms of the 2339:, declaring that, unless they were disarmed, 200,000 armed Orangemen would relieve them of their weapons. 2142:, included the murder of a Catholic priest and several members of the congregation of Dumreilly parish in 9818: 9352: 9280:

Winder, Gordon M. "Trouble in the North End: The Geography of Social Violence in Saint John, 1840–1860".

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most Orange parades have passed peacefully. All but a handful of the Orange Order parades, at so-called "

3161: 2784: 2533: 2427: 2206: 1815: 1521: 1199: 203: 9160:

The orange and the black: Documents in the history of the Orange Order, Ontario, and the West, 1890–1940

8522: 6897: 6534:"Demographic Change and Conflict in Northern Ireland: Reconciling Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence" 10076: 9907: 9838: 9482: 7918: 5722:

European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie / Europäisches Archiv für Soziologie

5586: 3814:'s "Super Guy" character (often used by British computer magazines), and taken without his permission. 3638:

The Order takes as its basis the Open Bible and historical Reformed documents such as the Presbyterian

3575: 3514: 3479: 3423: 2661: 2391: 2249: 2028: 1825: 1324: 1319: 1269: 1244: 245: 8117: 6424: 4336:

The overwhelming majority of nationalists view Orange parades as triumphalist coat trailing exercises.

2566:

and unionists in general, were inflexible in opposing the bill. The Order helped to organise the 1912

250: 10225: 10068: 9535: 9497: 9491: 9427: 9389: 9261: 6248:

Various Orange Order leaders have condemned Loyalist paramilitaries over the years. For example, see

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The Orange Order had a central place in the new state of Northern Ireland. From 1921 to 1969, every

9801: 9501: 9177:

See, Scott W. (1983). "The Orange Order and Social Violence in Mid-nineteenth Century Saint John".

7380: 6178:"The Orange Order in Ontario, Newfoundland, Scotland and Northern Ireland: A Macro-Social Analysis" 5905: 5891: 5090: 3851: 3778: 3579: 3518: 3284: 3271: 3236: 2918: 2825: 2759:

There have been intermittent violent clashes during the march since the 19th century. The onset of

2723: 2498: 2463: 2419: 2331: 2315: 2213: 2127: 2004: 1897: 1650: 1501: 1179: 1109: 812: 282: 61: 9625: 9190:

See, Scott W. (1991). "Mickeys and Demons' vs. 'Bigots and Boobies': The Woodstock Riot of 1847".

7444: 5380:"CRIME AND OUTRAGE (IRELAND)— THE RIOTS IN BELFAST—REMEDIAL MEASURES. (Hansard, 2 September 1886)" 4997: 2812:

The Orange Order's name stems from the Orange Associations, a name that recognized the landing of

9996: 9828: 9507: 9472: 7485: 6913:"Eating the Oranges? The Democratic Unionist Party and the Orange Order Vote in Northern Ireland" 4001: 3763: 3583: 3529: 3503: 3471: 3459: 3301: 3112: 3005: 2708: 2673: 2571: 2563: 2544: 2513: 2336: 2303: 2296: 2284: 2276: 2268: 2221: 2078: 1864:

of 1688. The Order regularly commemorates the victories of William III and his forces during the

1717: 1418: 1352: 1347: 1249: 915: 870: 667: 577: 527: 272: 267: 69: 4486: 10045: 9862: 9857: 9795: 9555: 9477: 9452: 9442: 8042:

Orange Alba: The Civil Religion of Loyalism in the Southwestern Lowlands of Scotland since 1798

7736:^ Moloney, Ed (2010). Voices From the Grave: Two Men's War in Ireland. Faber & Faber. p.315 6852:, David Ross, Geddes & Grosset, Scotland, First published 2002, Reprinted 2005 & 2006, 3650: 3639: 3447: 3419: 3321: 3313: 3244: 3024: 2877: 2857: 2699:" in 1969, the Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland encouraged Orangemen to join the Northern Ireland 2594: 1833: 1744: 1564: 1159: 1119: 875: 35: 9689: 8523:

Evangelical Protestant Society, April 2011, "Why Protestants must never attend the Papal Mass"

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Political Rituals: Loyalist Parades in Portadown – Part 3 – Portadown and its Orange Tradition

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The Orange Order, Militant Protestantism and anti-Catholicism: A Bibliographical Essay (1999)

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The Order, from its very inception, was an overtly political organisation. In 1905, when the

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Since the 1690s commemorations had been held throughout Ireland celebrating key dates in the

1783: 1740: 1638: 1362: 1279: 1274: 895: 401: 8842: 6759: 5822: 5293: 1454: 9987: 9851: 9791: 9570: 9560: 9456: 7355:"Fresh threats to Orangemen, DPP members – Local & National – News – Belfast Telegraph" 7033: 3093: 2555: 2155: 2040: 1832:

The Orange Order celebrates the civil and religious privileges conferred on Protestants by

1511: 1491: 1291: 1239: 1149: 1099: 975: 332: 255: 223: 8864: 7128: 6999: 5770:

Kaufman, Eric P. (2009), “The Orange Order in Scotland since 1860: A Social Analysis,” in

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were Orangemen; and 87 of the 95 MPs who did not become Cabinet Ministers were Orangemen.

2562:. However, its introduction would be delayed until 1914. The Orange Order, along with the 8: 10037: 9917: 9892: 9887: 9867: 9697: 9649: 9466: 9417: 8956:

Sectarian Violence: The Liverpool Experience, 1819–1914: An Aspect of Anglo–Irish History

8249: 8203: 7327: 5667:"Rotten Protestants: Protestant Home Rules and the Ulster Liberal Association, 1906–1918" 3387: 3380: 3349: 3309: 3297: 3260: 3239:

and completed in 1889, which has a protective cage. The equestrian statue on the roof by

3139: 3128: 2821: 2625: 2462:, where their organisation was strong, from 1903 tenant farmers began to defect to a new 2435: 2375: 2237: 2151: 2100: 1986: 1932: 1928: 1914: 1889: 1869: 1861: 1779: 1748: 1732: 1713: 1626: 1559: 1471: 1259: 1059: 597: 233: 218: 8828:

Year in which he first appears as Grand Master in the Belfast and Ulster Directory, P60a

7248:

Material Conflicts-Parades and Visual Displays in Northern Ireland, Neil Jarman page 128

7239:

Material Conflicts-Parades and Visual Displays in Northern Ireland, Neil Jarman page 127

5969: 5046:"The Cumberland Plot" New Zealand Tablet, Volume XXIX, Issue 5, 31 January 1901, Page 3 4021: 3304:. Furthermore, historical articles are often published in the Order's monthly newspaper 3067:

There were already a number of high-profile Orangemen who were DUP MPs and strategists.

3046:

had been clashing with the Order since 1951, when the Order banned members of Paisley's

3035:

in 1969, the Order encouraged its members to join the Northern Ireland security forces.

2482:. Such differences came to a head in 1902, in the contest to succeed Johnston as MP for 1606: 10052: 9958: 9833: 9681: 9575: 9447: 9432: 9375: 9224: 9137: 9082: 8933: 8819:

Year in which he first appears as Grand Master in the Belfast and Ulster Directory, P83

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Unionism and Orangeism in Northern Ireland Since 1945: The Decline of the Loyal Family

4288: 2996: 2669: 9951: 9843: 9293: 9231: 9208: 9163: 9144: 9121: 9109:

The Spirit of the Twelfth: The story of the Orange Order in Canada GarDen press, 1982

9086: 9051: 9028: 8998: 8959: 8940: 8917: 8910: 8662: 8621: 8504: 7566: 7493: 7417: 7307: 7282: 7221: 7173: 7161: 6969: 6853: 6841: 6825: 6625: 6502: 6454: 6083: 6071: 6055: 5949: 5792: 5757: 5737: 5690: 5596: 5520:"The Gaelic Revival Movement in East Belfast – Great War Gaeilgeoirí of East Belfast" 5470: 5411: 5266: 5232: 5205: 5180: 5116: 5031: 4980: 4972: 4912: 4872: 4862: 4804: 4771: 4716: 4708: 4684: 4608: 4583: 4549: 4519: 4462: 4225: 4056: 3986: 3969: 3610: 3595: 3571: 3499: 3410:

Orangemen carrying a banner of killed UVF member and Orangeman Brian Robinson in 2003

3356: 3337: 3042:(DUP) attracted the most seats in an election for the first time in 2003. DUP leader 2914: 2739: 2583: 2347: 2319: 2261: 2050: 2046: 1885: 1803: 1775: 1549: 1506: 1466: 1403: 1357: 1342: 1079: 1039: 832: 745: 740: 637: 632: 30:

This article is about the Northern Ireland order. For Dutch dynastic knighthood, see

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Bible. There is particular concern over the ritualism of higher degrees such as the

1791: 474: 10013: 9713: 9633: 9074: 5941: 5729: 5678: 5319: 4211: 3981: 3653:, a converted Roman Catholic, was a Grand Chaplain of the Orange Order in Ireland. 3475: 3431: 2971: 2938: 2852:

The basis of the modern Orange Order is the promotion and propagation of "biblical

2797: 2621: 2605: 2447: 2229: 1693: 1516: 1476: 1439: 1413: 1069: 925: 900: 797: 715: 622: 517: 396: 376: 9247:"The Canadian Tory Rebellion of 1849 and the Demise of Street Politics in Toronto" 6378: 5592: 4748: 4216: 4199: 3678:

in defiance of Grand Lodge policy that the commission should not be acknowledged.

3359:, which claims that the British people are descended from the Israelites and that 2551:

that the order was to maintain until voting to sever ties with the party in 2005.

10005: 8656: 8547: 8529: 8511: 8428: 8312: 8210: 8178: 8158: 8049: 8011: 7979: 7927: 7785: 7761: 7671: 7264: 7135: 6475: 6431: 6408: 6389: 6235: 6230: 5945: 5405: 4755: 4185: 4140: 3961: 3832: 3712: 3483: 3415: 3333: 2780: 2749: 2712: 2700: 2567: 2537: 2528: 2415: 2395: 2390:(fair rent, fixity of tenure, and free sale) and of resistance to evictions, the 2202: 2057:

argued that the government's goal was to hinder the United Irishmen by fomenting

1957:, the battle was short and the Defenders suffered "not less than thirty" deaths. 1954: 1901: 1857: 1849: 1771: 1689: 1395: 1390: 955: 950: 880: 822: 705: 602: 582: 537: 532: 464: 381: 353: 107: 39: 6733: 5877: 5138:"William Johnston, firebrand who rid Orangemen of hated Westminster legislation" 3544:

appeared at an Orange march. Bratty was said to have orchestrated the massacre.

3345:

and Gaelic culture were not the exclusive property of Catholics or republicans.

3012:(UUP). Between 1922 and 1972, the UUP was consistently the largest party in the 2904:, and in the 19th century many Irish Republicans regarded the Orange Order as a 10119: 9979: 9943: 9761: 9422: 8250:"BBC News | Northern Ireland | Call to end cross-border police links" 6351:"Two Hundred Years in the Citadel | PDF | Government | Violence" 4313: 3907: 3628: 3533: 3406: 3342: 3170: 3028: 2975: 2909: 2363: 2351: 2175: 2087: 1893: 1881: 1845: 960: 890: 837: 730: 710: 662: 617: 592: 567: 557: 512: 502: 497: 366: 302: 9729: 9094:

Currie, Philip (1995). "Toronto Orangeism and the Irish Question, 1911–1916".

6840:, Abacus, First published 1982 Revised edition published 2003, 2004 and 2005, 6679: 5733: 5682: 5653:

Ireland under the Union: varieties of tension: Essays in honour of T. W. Moody

4854: 2958:

on Sunday, 26 September 2021 before and after holding their annual service at

2636: 2291:

as a Liberal and who had ridiculed the order's "big drums", donned an Orange

2197:

Hume laid evidence before the House of Commons of an approach in July 1832 to

10154: 7803:"Between a Rock and Hard Gospel - the Orange Order and the Church of Ireland" 6159:"The Orange Order: A Contemporary Northern Irish History – Maps & Charts" 6067: 5789:

Dissenting Voices: Rediscovering the Irish Progressive Presbyterian Tradition

5741: 4200:"Towards a religious understanding of the Orange Order: Belfast 1910 to 1914" 3913: 3751: 3632: 3564: 3553: 3552:

Orangemen were jailed for possession of weapons and UVF membership. Local MP

3491: 3317: 3251:

Monthly meetings are held in Orange halls. Orange halls on both sides of the

2951: 2853: 2579: 2486:(and at time when four fifths of lodge masters in the city were workingmen). 2459: 2451: 2439: 1920: 1853: 1728: 1721: 1496: 1449: 1049: 945: 935: 920: 860: 782: 767: 725: 657: 642: 612: 572: 562: 469: 386: 361: 96: 8328:"Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland | Fraternal Organisation | Belfast" 7665:"Martin McGuinness accuses unionists of bowing to 'extreme loyalist agenda'" 7497: 6273: 4876: 2374:

and branch vice president. The Branch president was Kane's parishioner, Dr.

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Glasgow, the Uneasy Peace: Religious Tensions in Modern Scotland, 1819–1914

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The Decline of the Loyal Family: Unionism and Orangeism in Northern Ireland

6412: 6307: 6027:"Church pays the price for its history of sectarianism and blind arrogance" 5560:"Painting of Rev. Dr. Richard Rutledge Kane (1841-98) -Belfast Orange Hall" 5491:"Painting of Rev. Dr. Richard Rutledge Kane (1841-98) -Belfast Orange Hall" 4318: 4179:"Scottish independence: Orange Lodge registers to campaign for a 'No' vote" 3937: 3804: 3730: 3467: 3455: 3256: 3252: 3032: 2881: 2772: 2760: 2715: 2696: 2506: 2489: 2443: 2411: 2143: 2058: 2054: 1787: 910: 817: 792: 787: 762: 750: 735: 720: 687: 677: 652: 507: 411: 307: 152: 9657: 9139:

The sash Canada wore: A historical geography of the Orange Order in Canada

9118:

The Orange riots: Irish political violence in New York City, 1870 and 1871

9078: 7194: 4838:

History of Ireland, from the Treaty of Limerick to the Present Time: Vol I

3275: 2236:

1867, he forced the issue by leading a large procession of Orangemen from

9971: 9963: 9806: 9617: 5619:, 2nd Revised Edition London: Frank Cass, p. 3, n. 1. ISBN 978-0714614793 5320:"The Orange Order: an enemy of ALL workers - Workers Solidarity Movement" 3895: 3845: 3739: 3643: 3391: 3348:

William was supported by the Pope in his campaigns against James' backer

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and Imperial Grand Master of the Orange Order, on the throne in place of

2016: 1995: 1839: 1795: 1760: 1756: 1554: 1367: 905: 855: 807: 802: 672: 647: 627: 552: 406: 347: 342: 260: 9205:

Riots in New Brunswick: Orange Nativism and Social Violence in the 1840s

7065:"Orange Order chief brands dissident terrorists as 'Roman Catholic IRA'" 5749: 5717: 2381: 2158:, compelled the Orangemen once more to dissolve their association. When 2110:

that merged the Irish Parliament with that of Westminster, creating the

56: 10084: 9927: 9872: 9745: 9721: 9641: 9565: 6837: 6350: 3541: 3463: 3364: 3240: 3194: 3178: 2990: 2467: 2399: 2346:, which in the decade to follow was to become indissolubly linked with 2342:

At the same, in 1895 Kane was a patron of the branch in Belfast of the

1828:

in Belfast, commemorating William of Orange and the Battle of the Boyne

1820: 1736: 1686: 1461: 980: 965: 865: 587: 449: 133: 65: 9339: 9329: 6177: 6158: 4515:

Human Rights as War by Other Means: Peace Politics in Northern Ireland

4243: 3296:

relevance, and sometimes comparing the actions of William's adversary

3283:

campaign of sectarian vandalism by Irish republicans. Grand Secretary

3079:

continue to dilute the union if we fight and bicker among ourselves".

2099:

the Orange Order convened to find ways of reducing them. According to

9935: 9737: 9344: 8224:"Newshound: Daily Northern Ireland news catalog – Irish News article" 4770:, D.J. Hickey & J.E. Doherty, Gill & Macmillan, Dublin 2003, 4231:

might be – imperialist, violent, gauche – it is ultimately sectarian.

4154:

Unionists, Loyalists, and Conflict Transformation in Northern Ireland

3671: 3549: 3439: 3224: 3182: 2947: 2745: 2479: 2438:

associations, they had reports of Orangemen in the west (in counties

2135: 2008: 1950: 1526: 1264: 607: 459: 454: 416: 292: 277: 92: 9609: 9314: 8017:

University of Ulster archives 16 July 2007 Retrieved 9 November 2012

7774: 7772: 6101:"CAIN: Susan McKay (2000) Northern Protestants: An Unsettled People" 3513:

On 12 July 1972, at least fifty masked and uniformed members of the

3193:

are not marched in at all and areas with a sizeable population like

3123:

In 2015, the Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland made a submission to the

7864:"Shankill Butcher steward as Orange march passed a Catholic church" 6652: 6436: 5407:

Two Irelands Beyond the Sea: Ulster Unionism and America, 1880-1920

4248: 3602: 3198: 2387: 2082: 1978: 434: 371: 297: 8643:

The Faithful Tribe: An Intimate Portrait of the Loyal Institutions

8441:"'The New Unionism', Prospect, November 2005 « Eric Kaufmann" 7796: 7794: 7527: 4545:

The Catholic Church and the Nation-State: Comparative Perspectives

4110:"Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland | Fraternal Organisation | Belfast" 2839: 2574:

decided to bring these groups under central control, creating the

9673: 9593: 7769: 7489: 5369:, pp. 79-91. London: British Broadcasting Corporation. pp. 90-91 4971:: Education Committee of the Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland, 1994 4707:: Education Committee of the Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland, 1994 4456: 4283: 4167:

Very British Rebels?: The Culture and Politics of Ulster Loyalism

3698: 3693: 3231: 2885: 2873: 2817: 2032: 1701: 1481: 337: 7603:, 3rd edn, 2001, section on 'The Secret of Britain's Greatness'. 3631:

is idolatry, a view promulgated by Protestant Reformers such as

3375: 2518:

Orangeism, its history and progress: a plea for first principles

9601: 8839:"Northern Ireland Parliamentary Elections Results: Biographies" 7791: 5878:"Orange Order | Irish political society | Britannica" 3502:

Robert Bates, who were both members. Another Shankill Butcher,

2225: 2012: 1949:

In September 1795, at a crossroads known as "The Diamond" near

1531: 479: 7906:

Orange parades: the politics of ritual, tradition, and control

6052:

Ireland: A History from the Twelfth Century to the Present Day

5542:"Orangemen in the past had no problem with the Irish language" 4861:. Boulder, Colorado: Roberts Rinehart Publishers. p. 44. 3705: 3367:, has from time to time been advanced in Orange publications. 2843:

Orange Order poster depicting historical and religious symbols

2138:. One instance, publicised in a 7 October 1816 edition of the 8970:(Considered the principal study of English Orange traditions) 8658:

Orange Parades: The Politics of Ritual, Tradition and Control

7306:(revised ed.). Belfast: Friar's Bush Press. p. 56. 7281:(revised ed.). Belfast: Friar's Bush Press. p. 55. 6080:

Orange Parades: The Politics of Ritual, Tradition and Control

2933:

Queen's LOL 1845 annual service at Union Theological College.

1919:

Throughout the 1780s, sectarian tension had been building in

1709: 8306:"Former DUP candidate jailed for sectarian pipe-bomb attack" 7686:

Orange Parades-The Politics of Ritual, Tradition and Control

6918:. EPOP 2004 Conference, University of Oxford. Archived from 5091:"The Royal Black Institution » Sovereign Grand Masters" 3401: 3332:

MP who was the lodge chaplain who himself was killed by the

3263:

and other cultural groups as well as religious missions and

2466:(IOO). Within the year, the Independents had nine lodges in 1798:. It does not accept non-Protestants as members unless they 8935:

Protestants First: Orangeism in Nineteenth Century Scotland

8335: 8028:

The Red Hand: Protestant paramilitaries in Northern Ireland

7941:

The Red Hand: Protestant paramilitaries in Northern Ireland

6336:

Mulholland, Peter. "Drumcree: A Struggle for Recognition".

5469:. Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation. pp. 134–137. 4758:, by Jim Smyth, from History Ireland Vol 3 No 3 Autumn 1995 4109: 3352:, and this fact is sometimes left out of Orange histories. 2589:

However, the crisis was interrupted by the outbreak of the

2497:"fur coat brigade"). With other independents, in the great 2318:

in the House accused the Order's Belfast Grand Master, the

2292: 2106:

One major outcome of the United Irishmen rebellion was the

287: 9324: 6797:

Political Thought in Ireland Since The Seventeenth Century

5444: 5342:"Saunderson, Edward James | Dictionary of Irish Biography" 4832: 4830: 3796:– Diamond referring to the Institution's formation at the 3601:

An Orangeman and DUP election candidate with links to the

3414:

The Orange Order has been criticised for associating with

64:, incorporating the colour orange, the purple star of the 8505:

Evangelical Protestant Society, "Martin Luther on Popery"

7267:. UTV News. 22 November 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2011. 7138:. BBC News. 22 November 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2011. 6810:

Evangelicalism and national identity in Ulster, 1921–1998

6149:"The Orange Order: A Contemporary Northern Irish History" 4022:"Orange Order on the equator: Keeping the faith in Ghana" 3729:

The Independent Orange Institution was formed in 1903 by

9134: 6305: 6219: 6217: 5791:. Belfast: Ulster Historical Society. pp. 286–287. 5066:"ORANGE LODGES. (Hansard, 23 February 1836, pp 801-803)" 4143:. Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland. Retrieved 12 July 2014. 3125:

Northern Ireland Department of Arts, Culture and Leisure

2386:

Famously, when in 1880, as part of its campaign for the

9319: 8896:

The Orange Order: A Contemporary Northern Irish History

8467:

The Orange Order: A Contemporary Northern Irish History

6889: 6760:"PAR\91146: Queen's LOL No 1845 Rising Sons Of William" 6618:"The Castle of Heroes: W B Yeats Celtic Mystical Order" 5552: 5514: 5512: 4827: 3320:(who the Order argues was not Roman Catholic), and the 2582:

to arm them in April 1914, in what became known as the

7034:"Orangeman Robert Saulters in call for unionist unity" 6374: 6372: 5483: 4051:

Benedetto, Robert; McKim, Donald K. (6 October 2009).

3524:

When a July 1992 Orange march passed the scene of the

1759:, the biggest of which are held on or around 12 July ( 1727:

The Orange Order was founded by Ulster Protestants in

8615:"So, what really happens behind lodge doors ..." 8393:"UK news, Northern Ireland (News), donotuse Observer" 8152:

Northern Protestants: An Unsettled People - Portadown

7468: 7466: 7172:, David McKittrick, Blackstaff Press, 1999, Belfast, 7098:"Did Orange Order chief's comments breach hate laws?" 6214: 5224: 4749:

The Men of no Popery, The Origins Of The Orange Order

4733:

The Men of No Popery: The Origins of The Orange Order

3827:

Grand Masters, of the Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland:

3697:

An Orangewoman marching in an Orange Order parade in

3594:

Orange Hall was reported to be a focal point for the

3379:

Thiepval Memorial Lodge parade in remembrance of the

3201:

have never been the host for a major Twelfth parade.

2868:

Christians are also banned. This includes members of

2620:

agreement of 1925. Southern Ireland became first the

2382:

Tenant right, labour and the Independent Orange Order

2031:

was formed by liberal Presbyterians and Anglicans in

8005:"Why did the Order fly flag for my brother's killer? 5940:. Cambridge University Press. 2014. pp. 21–40. 5814: 5509: 2212:

In 1845 the ban was again lifted, but the notorious

8350:"Orange Order dismisses SF's 'loyalist link' claim" 7582:For example, M.W. Dewar, John Brown and S.E. Long, 7129:"60% of Order view Catholics as 'IRA sympathisers'" 7095: 6369: 6183:. The Orange Order in Canada; Dublin: Four Courts. 4849: 4735:, Jim Smyth, History Ireland Vol 3 No 3 Autumn 1995 4411:

Protestantism over Catholicism in Northern Ireland.

2523: 2170:In 1836 the Order was accused of plotting to place 2035:in 1791. It sought reform of the Irish Parliament, 9223: 9136: 8932: 8909: 8869:The Queen's University of Belfast | Orange Society 8785:"Public Record Office of Northern Ireland (PRONI)" 7463: 7413:"Republic's Protestants 'victims of sectarianism'" 6910: 6451:Northern Ireland: can Sean and John live in peace? 5920:"The Ulster Volunteers 1913-1914: Force or farce?" 5467:Our Tangled Speech: Essays on Language and Culture 3235:Clifton Street Orange Hall in Belfast designed by 3204:The Grand Lodge of Ireland does not recognise the 2684:afterwards ... All I boast is that we have a 2090:"did much to dampen" the rebellion in Ulster. The 7524:"Cross of Saint Patrick Loyal Orange Lodge No688" 7217:"Orange Parades pass off peacefully in the North" 7027: 7025: 6993: 6991: 6989: 6911:Tonge, Jonathan; Jocelyn Evans (September 2004). 6402:"Parade fervour turns country lane into war zone" 5774:, ed. M. J. Mitchell. Edinburgh: Birlinn, p. 173. 4891:The Four Nations: A History of the United Kingdom 4518:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 122. 4406:Ethnic violence and the societal security dilemma 4279:"Protestant fraternity returns to spiritual home" 4188:. BBC News. 25 June 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2014. 4044: 3960:Both major universities in Northern Ireland have 3718: 3498:Orange lodge bears the names of John Bingham and 2604:; the six northeastern counties of Ulster became 2516:outlined the new order's democratic manifesto in 2130:" (1849) between Orangemen and Catholic Ribbonmen 10176:Christian fundamentalist organizations in Europe 10152: 9048:The Orangeman: The Life & Ties of Ogle Gowan 8422:Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland Grand Orange Lodge 8118:"MP calls for ban on jailed Liverpool Orangemen" 7714:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. pp. 150–152 7379:Irish News, 18 December 2007, pg16 (letter from 5225:George Boyce, D.; O'Day, Alan (4 January 2002). 4427:. University Press of Mississippi. p. 127. 4244:"Orangemen take part in Twelfth of July parades" 2394:organised the withdrawal of labour from Captain 1774:organisation. Thus it has traditionally opposed 1733:period of Protestant–Catholic sectarian conflict 8707: 8705: 8687: 8371:"Orange Order protests over paramilitary flags" 8277:"Orange lodge refuses to expel terrorist twins" 8145: 8143: 8070:. Edinburgh University Press, 2006. pp. 330–331 7911: 6682:. Inside the Hidden World of Secret Societies. 6054:, Paul Johnson, HarperCollins Ltd; New (1981), 5641:– via Glens of Antrim Historical Society. 5204:. Belfast: Blsckstaff Press. pp. 143–144. 4789:The Blackwell Companion to Modern Irish Culture 4452: 4450: 4346: 4344: 3556:called for them to be expelled from the Order. 2870:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 8976:Orangeism in Ireland and throughout the Empire 8572:Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland Resolutions 2011 8274: 8115: 8091: 7022: 7000:"Orange Order convened 'unionist unity' talks" 6986: 5179:. Belfast: The Blackstaff Press. p. 355. 4958:, pages 236–237. Harper Collins, London, 2000. 4423:Wilson, Ron (1976). "Is it a religious war?". 4053:Historical Dictionary of the Reformed Churches 4050: 2644:, the first Prime Minister of Northern Ireland 2350:.As a patron of the League's promotion of the 9360: 9135:Houston, Cecil J.; Smyth, William J. (1980). 8743:"Orange Order's mascot Dan is a real diamond" 8713:"Orange Order superhero Dan in copyright row" 8192:Conflict in Northern Ireland: An Encyclopedia 7968: 7966: 6896:. Manchester University Press. Archived from 6653:"Inside the Hidden World of Secret Societies" 5460: 5458: 4683:(2 ed.). Blackstaff Press. p. 227. 4457:McGarry, John & O'Leary, Brendan (1995). 1755:(1689–1691). The Order is best known for its 1658: 8702: 8140: 7548:Andrew Boyd, 'The Orange Order, 1795–1995', 7160:, Chris Ryder and Vincent Kearney, Methuen, 7062: 6308:"How Drumcree became a sectarian flashpoint" 6175: 5718:"Protestant Ideology and Politics in Ulster" 5135: 4969:The formation of the Orange Order, 1795–1798 4705:The formation of the Orange Order, 1795–1798 4548:. Georgetown University Press. p. 126. 4447: 4341: 3964:to promote Orangeism on campus. Students at 3245:William III of Ireland, Scotland and England 2686:Protestant Parliament and a Protestant State 2022: 1875: 9157: 8986:Orangeism in Ireland and Britain, 1795–1836 8584:"So What Really Happens Behind Lodge Doors" 8062: 8060: 8058: 7953: 7951: 7949: 6937:"Orange Order votes to sever ties with UUP" 6734:"A Draft Chronology of the Conflict – 2002" 6609: 6256:, 16 July 1976, p.1 and 14 July 1978, p.14. 6252:, 12 July 1974, p.3 and 12 July 1976, p.9; 5906:"About the Ulster Covenant | nidirect" 5892:"About the Ulster Covenant | nidirect" 5853:"Orange Order votes to sever ties with UUP" 5782: 5780: 5631:"The Land League in North Antrim 1880–1882" 4883: 4768:A New Dictionary of Irish History from 1800 4743: 4741: 4577: 3772: 3706:Association of Loyal Orangewomen of Ireland 3227:Orange hall daubed with republican graffiti 3000:An anti "Sectarian March" sign in Rasharkin 2989:An Orange Hall in Ballinrees bedecked with 2600:The Fourth Home Rule Act was passed as the 2112:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1837: 9367: 9353: 9230:. Toronto, New York, McGraw-Hill Ryerson. 8698:(1 ed.). Poolbeg. pp. Chapter 9. 8480:"The Mass is Idolatry (1550) by John Knox" 7963: 7655:, Edinburgh University Press, 2006, p. 200 6812:. Oxford University Press, 2003. Page 136. 6330: 6301: 6299: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6262: 5464: 5455: 5403: 4859:The 1798 Rebellion: An Illustrated History 4799: 4797: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4459:Explaining Northern Ireland: Broken Images 3757: 2503:Irish Transport and General Workers' Union 1665: 1651: 8930: 8907: 8899:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 8033: 7989: 7330:. Theyworkforyou.com. 11 September 2007. 6151:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 6142: 6140: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6132: 5820: 5772:New Perspectives on the Irish in Scotland 5664: 5030:, Rodley Head London (1972), pp. 103–106 4642: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4215: 3621: 3402:Relationship with loyalist paramilitaries 2834: 2608:and the other twenty-six counties became 2501:Sloan was to speak on platforms with the 1763:), a public holiday in Northern Ireland. 9541:Counties of Meath and Westmeath Act 1543 9320:The Independent Loyal Orange Institution 9207:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 8892: 8390: 8204:"Orange leader 'won't condemn violence'" 8190:Sydney Elliott & William D Flackes. 8055: 7946: 7800: 7584:Orangeism: A New Historical Appreciation 7410: 7357:. Belfasttelegraph.co.uk. Archived from 6961: 6890:Kaufmann, Eric; Henry Patterson (2007). 6869: 6795:, Robert Eccleshall, Vincent Geoghegan. 6783:. Polity, 2006. Pages 24, 171, 172, 173. 6503:"Issues: Parades: Drumcree developments" 6239:. 27 April 2007. Retrieved 1 April 2011. 6146: 5786: 5777: 5539: 5434:, Belfast: The Blackstaff Press, p. 381. 5115:. Oxford University Press. p. 264. 4903: 4901: 4899: 4738: 4680:A History of Ulster: New Updated Edition 4389:. Oxford University Press. p. 432. 4384: 4378: 4172: 3692: 3688: 3558: 3405: 3374: 3230: 3219: 3133: 2995: 2984: 2928: 2838: 2775:operation, and threatened to derail the 2635: 2527: 2454:) actually joining the national League. 2224:, a senior Orange fraternity. Since the 2121: 1938: 1900:. These followed a tradition started in 1819: 1235:Alliance EPP: European People's Party UK 27:International Protestant fraternal order 9064: 9045: 8973: 8068:Crimes of Loyalty: A History of the UDA 7882:– via www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk. 7653:Crimes of Loyalty: A History of the UDA 7352: 7258:"Order poll on Catholic 'IRA sympathy'" 7158:Drumcree: The Orange Order's Last stand 6728: 6726: 6704: 6702: 6296: 6259: 6224:"Memorial to honour the Orange victims" 6001:"THE BLANKET * Index: Current Articles" 5424: 4794: 4602: 4596: 4566: 4541: 4440: 4438: 4007: 3955: 3538:Secretary of State for Northern Ireland 3363:is a direct descendant of the Biblical 2970:The Orange Order is strongly linked to 2676:being appointed as County Librarian in 1923:, largely due to the relaxation of the 1010:Reflections on the Revolution in France 14: 10153: 9551:Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652 9374: 9221: 9115: 9093: 9020: 8983: 8675:from the original on 26 September 2021 8648: 8606: 8256:from the original on 26 September 2021 8030:. Oxford University Press, 1992. p.157 7973:"Chronology of the Conflict: July 1992 7044:from the original on 26 September 2021 7010:from the original on 26 September 2021 6965:The Orange Order: A Tradition Betrayed 6878:from the original on 27 September 2007 6615: 6357:from the original on 26 September 2021 6129: 6082:, Dominic Bryan, Pluto Press, (2000), 6070:, Manchester University Press (2007), 5934:"Orangeism and Irish military history" 5715: 5655:, Oxford University Press, pp. 201–35. 5628: 5584: 5397: 5199: 5174: 4998:"Murder in Ireland. (7 October 1816). 4967:William Blacker, Robert Hugh Wallace, 4703:William Blacker, Robert Hugh Wallace, 4676: 4621: 4511: 4493:from the original on 21 September 2011 4489:. Australian Broadcasting Commission. 4480: 4478: 4422: 4416: 3096:paramilitaries as the "Roman Catholic 2748:would traditionally march to-and-from 2512:The Grand Master of the Independents, 2295:. Saunderson, who went on to lead the 1908: 9348: 8831: 8654: 8052:. University of Tennessee, 2010. p.87 7943:. Oxford University Press, 1992. p.11 7725:The Orange Order-A Tradition Betrayed 7301: 7276: 6686:from the original on 28 December 2009 6318:from the original on 26 December 2002 5833:from the original on 30 November 2020 5339: 5008:from the original on 14 November 2011 4927: 4921: 4896: 4484: 4461:. Blackwell Publishers. p. 180. 4362:from the original on 14 November 2011 4352:"Kinder, gentler or same old Orange?" 4197: 4156:. Oxford University Press, 2011. p.56 3428:classified as terrorist organisations 2895: 2660:were Orangemen; all but one unionist 2003:The Order's three main founders were 10191:Anti-Catholicism in Northern Ireland 8992: 8953: 8635: 8612: 8391:McDonald, Henry (24 December 2000). 8194:. Abc-Clio Incorporated, 1999. p.92. 7701:, Dublin: Poolbeg, 2008, pp. 130–131 7699:Paisley: From Demagogue to Democrat? 7110:from the original on 11 October 2010 6723: 6699: 6570:Independent Loyal Orange Institution 6558: 6531: 6306:Concubhar O'Liathain (19 May 1999). 6187:from the original on 8 February 2007 6107:from the original on 7 December 2010 6033:from the original on 25 October 2011 5988:The Ulster Unionist Party, 1882–1973 5258: 4580:History and Memory in Modern Ireland 4435: 4326:from the original on 28 January 2012 4019: 3370: 2372:Moderator of the Presbyterian Church 1766:The Orange Order is a conservative, 10186:Protestantism in the United Kingdom 10135: 9546:Settlement of Laois and Offaly 1556 9254:British Journal of Canadian Studies 9244: 9202: 9189: 9176: 9106: 8774:, The Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland 8753:from the original on 17 August 2016 8693: 8594:from the original on 12 August 2012 8403:from the original on 18 August 2016 8275:Henry McDonald (24 December 2000). 8252:. News.bbc.co.uk. 5 November 1999. 8230:from the original on 4 January 2009 7813:from the original on 24 August 2012 7504:from the original on 29 August 2017 7451:from the original on 29 August 2019 7077:from the original on 7 October 2010 7031: 6997: 6659:from the original on 8 October 2006 6165:from the original on 5 January 2009 5990:. Blackstaff Press, 1973. pp. 90–91 5193: 5110: 4909:Rebellions: Memoir, Memory and 1798 4814: 4475: 4403: 4397: 4387:Divided kingdom: Ireland, 1630–1800 4169:. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015. p.98 4087:from the original on 6 October 2014 4081:"Welcome to the Grand Orange Lodge" 3115:to find if Saulters had broken the 2791: 2733: 2652:was an Orangeman and member of the 2616:of 1921, and in its borders by the 2172:Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland 1868:in the early 1690s, especially the 1090:Tradition and the Individual Talent 24: 9279: 8885: 8447:from the original on 27 April 2016 7874:from the original on 30 March 2020 7688:Dominic Byrne Pluto Press page 127 7445:"Orange hall attacks investigated" 7096:Victoria O'Hara (7 October 2010). 6824:, Terry Golway, Touchstone, 2000, 6740:from the original on 6 August 2011 6471:"Groundhog Day at Drumcree parade" 6453:Brandylane Publishers Inc, p. 54. 6338:Irish Journal of Sociology, Vol. 9 6284:from the original on 13 March 2007 6274:"Drumcree: Marching into the past" 6206:"Orange Order has 34,000 members." 5300:from the original on 27 April 2016 5129: 5058: 4791:. Wiley-Blackwell, 2001. Page 317. 4487:"Perspective – The Orange Marches" 3817: 3744:Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster 3328:well-known members, including Rev 2937:The Order considers important the 2826:Boyne Standard and Orange Standard 2650:prime minister of Northern Ireland 2368:Bishop of Down, Connor and Dromore 2360:Catholic Bishop of Down and Connor 2287:, a landowner who had represented 25: 10237: 9340:Eric Kaufmann's Orange Order Page 9330:Eric Kaufmann's Orange Order Page 9315:The Grand Orange Lodge Of Ireland 9308: 9162:. Orange and Black Publications. 8801:from the original on 4 March 2016 8486:from the original on 4 March 2016 7599:, July 1984, p.8; Alan Campbell, 7492:: Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland. 6624:. Red Wheel/Weiser. p. 269. 6546:from the original on 4 March 2016 6513:from the original on 19 July 2011 6007:from the original on 4 March 2016 5540:Kennaway, Brian (19 April 2017). 4256:from the original on 17 July 2010 4028:from the original on 19 July 2021 3290: 2950:Show being held on a Sunday. The 2924: 2228:-organised funeral in Dublin for 34:. For Dutch chivalric order, see 10134: 10125: 10124: 10113: 10101: 8857: 8822: 8813: 8777: 8765: 8735: 8723:from the original on 4 June 2016 8576: 8565: 8552: 8541:Baptist Confession of Faith 1689 8534: 8516: 8498: 8472: 8459: 8433: 8415: 8384: 8363: 8342: 8320: 8299: 8287:from the original on 4 June 2016 8268: 8242: 8216: 8197: 8184: 8172:Sectarian attacks: July 2001 (a) 8165: 8128:from the original on 4 June 2016 8109: 8100: 8082: 8073: 8020: 7998: 7984:Conflict Archive on the Internet 7933: 7920:Two-Hundred Years in the Citadel 7898: 7886: 7856: 7847: 7838: 7825: 7779:County Armagh Grand Orange Lodge 7755:"Glory Days of the Orange Order" 7748: 7739: 7730: 7717: 7704: 7691: 7679: 7658: 7645: 7619: 7606: 7589: 7576: 7555: 7542: 7516: 7478: 7437: 7404: 7386: 7373: 7346: 7334:from the original on 5 June 2011 7320: 7295: 7270: 7251: 7242: 7233: 7209: 7183: 7151: 7141: 7122: 7089: 7056: 6955: 6929: 6904: 6870:Kaufmann, Eric (November 2005). 6863: 6815: 6802: 6786: 6773: 6752: 6672: 6645: 6584: 6525: 6495: 6463: 6449:Daugherty Rasnic, Carol (2003). 5821:Dempsey, Pauric; Boylan, Shaun. 4930:"The Scullabogue Massacre, 1798" 4055:. Scarecrow Press. p. 353. 3902:Sir Edward Archdale, 1st Baronet 3822: 3786: 3674:lodges have negotiated with the 3526:Sean Graham bookmakers' shooting 3127:opposing the introduction of an 2847: 2824:of 1688. Its flag, known as the 2785:widespread protests and violence 2524:Role in the partition of Ireland 2426:did not oppose Gladstone's 1881 2220:, Sovereign Grand Master of the 1632: 1620: 1335:Conservative Democratic Alliance 1000:A Vindication of Natural Society 202: 151: 55: 10181:Protestant orders and societies 9488:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland 9143:. University of Toronto Press. 8958:. Manchester University Press. 8916:. Manchester University Press. 8865:"Welcome to the Orange Society" 7633:from the original on 9 May 2016 7526:. Orangenet.org. Archived from 7411:Thornton, Chris (14 May 2007). 7063:David Gordon (5 October 2010). 6592:"Orange Order flag color codes" 6443: 6418: 6395: 6343: 6242: 6199: 6119: 6093: 6045: 6019: 5993: 5980: 5962: 5926: 5912: 5898: 5884: 5870: 5845: 5805: 5764: 5709: 5697: 5658: 5645: 5622: 5609: 5578: 5533: 5437: 5372: 5359: 5333: 5312: 5286: 5259:Jess, Mervyn (4 October 2012). 5252: 5218: 5202:Belfast, An Illustrated History 5168: 5113:Ireland: the Politics of Enmity 5104: 5083: 5049: 5040: 5020: 4990: 4961: 4948: 4843: 4781: 4761: 4726: 4697: 4578:Ian McBride (8 November 2001). 4535: 4505: 4485:Lynch, Paul (31 October 2005). 4306: 4271: 4236: 3215: 2218:William Johnston of Ballykilbeg 1250:Conservative and Unionist Party 10216:Critics of the Catholic Church 10166:1795 establishments in Ireland 9400:History of Ireland (1691–1800) 9395:History of Ireland (1536–1691) 9021:Wilson, David A., ed. (2007). 8939:. Edinburgh University Press. 8116:Henry McDonald (8 July 2006). 7627:"AN PHOBLACHT/REPUBLICAN NEWS" 7304:Buildings of Belfast 1700–1914 7279:Buildings of Belfast 1700–1914 7225:. 12 July 2007. Archived from 6479:. 13 July 2013. Archived from 5829:. Cambridge University Press. 5617:Gladstone and the Irish Nation 5294:"History Of The Shankill Road" 4582:. Cambridge University Press. 4191: 4159: 4146: 4127: 4102: 4073: 4020:Page, Chris (30 August 2015). 4013: 3997:Presbyterian Church in Ireland 3890:Sir James Stronge, 5th Baronet 3725:Independent Orange Institution 3719:Independent Orange Institution 3247:on any Orange hall in Ireland. 3031:(1972–74). At the outbreak of 2602:Government of Ireland Act 1920 2494:Belfast Protestant Association 2117: 1696:and primarily associated with 1580:Politics of the United Kingdom 1130:Our Culture, What's Left of It 13: 1: 10201:Ulster unionist organisations 9325:Grand Orange Lodge of England 9226:Orangeism: The Canadian Phase 7995:McDonald & Cusack, p. 225 6717:The Orange Standard Newspaper 5827:Dictionary of Irish Biography 5588:Captain Boycott and the Irish 5136:The Newsroom (10 July 2017). 4542:Reardon, Lawrence C. (2006). 4287:. 30 May 2009. Archived from 4217:10.1080/09670882.2021.1976445 3926:Sir George Clark, 3rd Baronet 3646:and other Protestant creeds. 3082:In the October 2010 issue of 2707:(RUC) and the British Army's 2631: 2077:The United Irishmen launched 1747:, who defeated Catholic king 1716:, as well as in parts of the 1570:List of British conservatives 9783:Dublin Castle administration 9120:. Cornell University Press. 8661:. Pluto Press. p. 114. 8613:Jess, Mervyn (22 May 2007). 7788:. Retrieved 8 September 2011 7601:Let the Orange Banners Speak 7191:"British Irish Rights Watch" 6799:. Routledge, 1993. Page 203. 5946:10.1017/CBO9781139946650.004 5823:"Crawford, (Robert) Lindsay" 5404:Flewelling, Lindsey (2018). 4911:. The Lilliput Press, 2004. 4607:. Tempus. pp. 258–259. 3992:List of general fraternities 3656: 3416:loyalist paramilitary groups 3094:'dissident' Irish republican 2856:" and the principles of the 2370:, and George Raphael Buick, 1575:Philosophy of Thomas Carlyle 32:Order of the House of Orange 7: 10196:Anti-Catholic organizations 9158:Pennefather, R. S. (1984). 8997:. The Bodley Head. London. 6850:Ireland History of a Nation 6620:. In Fideler, David (ed.). 6161:. Oxford University Press. 5410:. Oxford University Press. 3975: 3436:Cloughfern Young Conquerors 3014:Northern Ireland Parliament 2965: 2624:in 1922 and then in 1949 a 2536:showing the signing of the 2248:. The contravention of the 2126:Dolly's Brae, site of the " 1816:History of the Orange Order 1302:Veterans and People's Party 1200:The Strange Death of Europe 10: 10242: 9483:Wars of the Three Kingdoms 9260:(1): 10–30. Archived from 9067:Canadian Historical Review 9024:The Orange Order in Canada 8931:McFarland, Elaine (1990). 8162:. Blackstaff Press (2000). 7908:. Pluto Press, 2000. p.92. 7552:, September 1995, pp.22–3. 6719:. October 2021. p. 9. 5465:Mac Póilin, Aodán (2018). 3966:Queen's University Belfast 3776: 3761: 3722: 3563:Stoneyford Orange Hall in 3515:Ulster Defence Association 3150: 3146: 2807: 2737: 2564:British Conservative Party 2328:violent rioting in Belfast 2255: 2029:Society of United Irishmen 1973:, the governor of Armagh: 1942: 1912: 1813: 1809: 1325:Blue Collar Conservativism 1270:Traditional Unionist Voice 1245:Christian Peoples Alliance 29: 10206:All-Ireland organisations 10108:British Empire portal 10096: 9916: 9773: 9584: 9536:Crown of Ireland Act 1542 9521: 9428:Tudor conquest of Ireland 9408: 9390:Timeline of Irish history 9382: 9222:Senior, Hereward (1972). 9014:Canada and United States: 8562:, London, 1999, pp.151–2. 7586:, Belfast, 1967, pp.43–6. 5734:10.1017/S0003975600002745 5683:10.1017/S0018246X1700005X 5665:Morrissey, Conor (2017). 5200:Bardon, Jonathan (1982). 5175:Bardon, Jonathan (1992). 5000:Boston Commercial Gazette 4603:Lenihan, Padraig (2003). 4512:Curtis, Jennifer (2014). 4425:A flower grows in Ireland 4408:. Routledge. p. 62. 4385:Connolly, Sean J (2008). 4314:"Ormeau Road frustration" 3748:Democratic Unionist Party 3336:, the late Ernest Baird. 3072:May 2010 general election 3040:Democratic Unionist Party 2960:Union Theological College 2814:William, Prince of Orange 2802:Democratic Unionist Party 2720:Democratic Unionist Party 2705:Royal Ulster Constabulary 2285:Colonel Edward Saunderson 2281:Irish Home Rule Bill 1886 2140:Boston Commercial Gazette 2092:Scullabogue Barn massacre 2023:United Irishmen rebellion 1876:Formation and early years 1866:Williamite War in Ireland 1639:United Kingdom portal 1409:Traditional Britain Group 1330:Centre for Policy Studies 1255:Democratic Unionist Party 167: 159: 147: 139: 129: 121: 113: 103: 76: 54: 50:Loyal Orange Institution, 49: 9802:Privy Council of Ireland 9116:Gordon, Michael (1993). 8528:10 December 2013 at the 8427:11 December 2010 at the 8213:. BBC News. 7 July 2000. 8039:Booker, Ronnie Michael. 7263:23 November 2011 at the 6962:Kennaway, Brian (2006). 6822:For the Cause of Liberty 5970:"Who are the Orangemen?" 5787:Courtney, Roger (2013). 5430:Jonathon Bardon (2001), 4605:1690 Battle of the Boyne 4134:Twelfth Resolutions 2013 3779:Apprentice Boys of Derry 3773:Apprentice Boys of Derry 3580:Loyalist Volunteer Force 3274:, a prominent member of 3259:, local marching bands, 3243:is the only one of King 3048:Free Presbyterian Church 2919:Royal Black Institutions 2728:Free Presbyterian Church 2724:Independent Orange Order 2464:Independent Orange Order 2366:, the Church of Ireland 1898:second Siege of Limerick 1700:. It also has lodges in 1681:, commonly known as the 1679:Loyal Orange Institution 1381:One Nation Conservatives 1180:How to Be a Conservative 1110:The Left Was Never Right 182:This article is part of 18:Loyal Orange Association 9829:Court of Castle Chamber 9508:Irish Rebellion of 1798 9498:Williamite–Jacobite War 9473:Irish Rebellion of 1641 9282:Errington and Comacchio 8908:Gallagher, Tom (1987). 8893:Kaufmann, Eric (2007). 8655:Bryan, Dominic (2000). 8510:3 December 2012 at the 8157:7 December 2010 at the 7926:2 November 2012 at the 7670:13 January 2014 at the 7563:1916: The Easter Rising 7328:"SDLP MLA Mary Bradley" 7134:15 October 2018 at the 6998:BBC (28 January 2010). 6147:Kaufmann, Eric (2007). 5615:Hammond, J. L. (1964), 5445:"The Belfast Disorders" 5340:Maune, Patrick (2009). 4139:28 October 2014 at the 4002:Royal Black Institution 3764:Royal Black Institution 3758:Royal Black Institution 3496:Old Boyne Island Heroes 3446:band was named after a 3302:Northern Ireland Office 3006:Ulster Unionist Council 2709:Ulster Defence Regiment 2695:After the outbreak of " 2674:Letitia Dunbar-Harrison 2572:Ulster Unionist Council 2545:Ulster Unionist Council 2499:Belfast Lockout of 1907 2354:, he was in company of 2297:Irish Unionist Alliance 2222:Royal Black Institution 1782:and campaigned against 1753:Williamite–Jacobite War 1718:Commonwealth of Nations 1627:Conservatism portal 1419:Western Goals Institute 1353:The Freedom Association 1348:European Research Group 82:; 229 years ago 10221:William III of England 9863:Trinity College Dublin 9858:Grand Lodge of Ireland 9796:Irish House of Commons 9754:Bréifne Uí Raghallaigh 9556:Act of Settlement 1662 9478:Irish Confederate Wars 9453:Plantations of Ireland 9443:Reformation in Ireland 9203:See, Scott W. (1993). 8974:Sibbert, R.M. (1939). 8469:, Oxford, 2007, p.288. 8048:20 August 2014 at the 7710:Taylor, Peter (1999). 7616:, Belfast, 2005, p.110 7302:Brett, C.E.B. (1985). 7277:Brett, C.E.B. (1985). 6616:Cawley, Peter (1993). 6596:www.flagcolorcodes.com 6066:, Henry Patterson and 5716:Wright, Frank (1973). 5671:The Historical Journal 5629:McMinn, R. B. (1983). 5585:Marlow, Joyce (1973). 5228:Defenders of the Union 4677:Bardon, James (2005). 3800:, Loughgall, in 1795. 3702: 3640:Westminster Confession 3622:Requirements for entry 3567: 3411: 3383: 3322:Protestant Reformation 3314:36th (Ulster) Division 3280:Sinn Féin's youth wing 3248: 3228: 3143: 3138:Orangemen parading in 3065: 3025:James Chichester-Clark 3001: 2993: 2934: 2844: 2835:Beliefs and activities 2645: 2595:36th (Ulster) Division 2576:Ulster Volunteer Force 2558:was introduced in the 2540: 2269:Charles Stuart Parnell 2214:Battle of Dolly's Brae 2131: 2128:Battle of Dolly's Brae 2039:and the repeal of the 2001: 1983: 1838: 1829: 1739:sworn to maintain the 1685:, is an international 1565:English Defence League 1160:The Great Degeneration 80:21 September 1795 36:Order of Orange-Nassau 9788:Parliament of Ireland 9438:Surrender and regrant 9079:10.3138/CHR-072-03-02 9046:Akenson, Don (1986). 9027:. Four Courts Press. 8980:(Strongly favourable) 8645:, London, 2000, p.190 8641:Ruth Dudley Edwards, 8181:, Pat Finucane Centre 8010:28 April 2014 at the 7895:, 12 July 1972, p. 4. 7760:28 April 2014 at the 7486:"The Orange Standard" 7475:18 December 2007, p.1 7170:Through the Minefield 7103:The Belfast Telegraph 7070:The Belfast Telegraph 6655:. Evangelical Truth. 6407:30 March 2017 at the 6379:Bryan, Fraser, Dunn. 6176:Kaufmann, E. (2006). 5265:. The O'Brien Press. 4954:Ruth Dudley Edwards: 3696: 3689:Related organisations 3649:In the 19th century, 3562: 3409: 3396:Ulster Tower Thiepval 3378: 3234: 3223: 3137: 3060: 3053:Good Friday Agreement 3010:Ulster Unionist Party 2999: 2988: 2980:Scottish independence 2932: 2910:evangelical Christian 2842: 2820:and the start of the 2656:(UUP); all but three 2654:Ulster Unionist Party 2639: 2549:Ulster Unionist Party 2531: 2330:that took 32 lives. 2324:Richard Rutledge Kane 2164:Catholic Emancipation 2125: 2037:Catholic Emancipation 1992: 1975: 1963:Protestant Ascendancy 1945:Battle of the Diamond 1939:Battle of the Diamond 1823: 1784:Scottish independence 1741:Protestant Ascendancy 1363:Henry Jackson Society 1280:Ulster Unionist Party 1275:UK Independence Party 1210:The Madness of Crowds 402:Social market economy 195:in the United Kingdom 9792:Irish House of Lords 9571:Constitution of 1782 9041:on 25 February 2009. 8954:Neal, Frank (1991). 8546:7 April 2010 at the 8177:3 March 2016 at the 7978:5 March 2011 at the 7425:on 16 September 2007 6925:on 10 November 2006. 6622:Alexandria, Volume 2 6430:4 April 2003 at the 6229:24 July 2011 at the 6155:on 24 February 2007. 5880:. 27 September 2023. 5728:(2): (213–280) 215. 5704:Weekly Northern Whig 5595:. pp. 143–155. 4754:10 June 2012 at the 4291:on 20 September 2020 4204:Irish Studies Review 4198:Govan, D.H. (2021). 4184:16 July 2018 at the 4008:Notes and references 3956:University Societies 3920:Sir William McCleery 3794:'Diamond' Dan Winter 2822:Glorious Revoluation 2556:Third Home Rule Bill 2310:was defeated in the 2308:first Home Rule Bill 2250:Party Procession Act 2203:parliamentary reform 2156:Catholic Association 1512:The Sunday Telegraph 1492:The Salisbury Review 1292:For Britain Movement 1150:The Rage Against God 1100:The Abolition of Man 333:Classical liberalism 70:Saint George's Cross 10171:Patriotic societies 9868:Order of St Patrick 9690:Mac William Íochtar 9467:Flight of the Earls 9418:Lordship of Ireland 9245:Way, Peter (1995). 8993:Gray, Tony (1972). 8984:Senior, H. (1966). 8845:on 26 February 2019 8338:on 20 January 2011. 8311:10 May 2013 at the 8209:31 May 2006 at the 7917:Mulholland, Peter. 7784:9 July 2009 at the 7400:on 13 October 2007. 7032:BBC (21 May 2010). 6483:on 21 February 2014 6425:"Siege of Drumcree" 6388:8 June 2011 at the 6254:Tyrone Constitution 6103:. Cain.ulst.ac.uk. 6029:. 17 January 2009. 5922:. 11 February 2013. 5432:A History of Ulster 5177:A History of Ulster 4944:on 9 February 2021. 4940:(3). Archived from 3896:William H. H. Lyons 3878:Earl of Enniskillen 3651:Mortimer O'Sullivan 3590:In the late 1990s, 3388:Battle of the Somme 3381:Battle of the Somme 3350:Louis XIV of France 3310:Battle of the Somme 3306:The Orange Standard 3267:political parties. 3129:Irish Language Bill 3120:IRA sympathisers". 3085:The Orange Standard 2976:Irish reunification 2943:the Twelfth of July 2878:Jehovah's Witnesses 2618:Boundary Commission 2514:R. Lindsay Crawford 2420:Irish Conservatives 2316:Irish Home-Rule MPs 2264:, presided over by 2101:Ruth Dudley Edwards 2079:a rebellion in 1798 1987:Robert Hugh Wallace 1915:Armagh disturbances 1909:Armagh disturbances 1890:Battle of the Boyne 1870:Battle of the Boyne 1862:Glorious Revolution 1714:Republic of Ireland 1560:Cambridge Analytica 1472:The Daily Telegraph 1060:Culture and Anarchy 638:Oakeshott (Michael) 234:Muscular liberalism 219:British nationalism 10120:Ireland portal 9898:Catholic Committee 9834:Peerage of Ireland 9642:Clann Aodha Buidhe 9576:Acts of Union 1800 9448:Desmond Rebellions 9376:Kingdom of Ireland 7958:The Calgary Herald 7844:Taylor, pp 150–152 7473:Belfast Newsletter 6982:on 3 October 2006. 6872:"The New Unionism" 6834:Ireland: A History 6808:Mitchel, Patrick. 6793:David George Boyce 6779:Tonge, Johnathan. 6680:"The Orange Order" 5449:The New York Times 5160:has generic name ( 5111:Bew, Paul (2007). 4956:The Faithful Tribe 4928:Gahan, D. (1996). 4820:Thomas A Jackson, 4404:Roe, Paul (2005). 3908:Sir Joseph Davison 3865:Duke of Cumberland 3703: 3676:Parades Commission 3572:Drumcree standoffs 3568: 3412: 3384: 3361:Queen Elizabeth II 3312:(particularly the 3300:with those of the 3249: 3229: 3206:Parades Commission 3144: 3002: 2994: 2956:Queen's University 2939:Fourth Commandment 2935: 2896:Masonic influences 2845: 2646: 2614:Anglo-Irish Treaty 2541: 2376:John St Clair Boyd 2337:Liberal government 2266:nationalist leader 2188:William Molesworth 2132: 1830: 1731:in 1795, during a 1698:Ulster Protestants 1487:The Mail on Sunday 1170:The Son Also Rises 1020:Tamworth Manifesto 926:Oakeshott (Isabel) 440:Stuart Restoration 38:. For others, see 10148: 10147: 9844:Church of Ireland 9706:Bréifne Uí Ruairc 9034:978-1-84682-077-9 8747:Belfast Telegraph 8717:Belfast Telegraph 8622:Belfast Telegraph 8588:Belfast Telegraph 8088:Booker, pp. 96–97 8015:Belfast Telegraph 7893:Belfast Telegraph 7833:Crimes of Loyalty 7675:Belfast Telegraph 7565:, Phoenix, 2001, 7530:on 21 August 2010 7418:Belfast Telegraph 7222:Belfast Telegraph 6250:Belfast Telegraph 6211:15 September 2012 5986:Harbinson, John. 5566:. 19 October 2021 5497:. 19 October 2021 5451:. 27 August 1896. 5417:978-1-78694-045-2 5384:api.parliament.uk 5367:Ulster Since 1800 5070:api.parliament.uk 4985:978-0-9501444-3-6 4917:978-1-84351-039-0 4868:978-1-57098-255-2 4853:; Dawson, Kevin; 4840:. 1869. Page 223. 4721:978-0-9501444-3-6 4468:978-0-631-18349-5 4322:. 27 April 2000. 4062:978-0-8108-7023-9 3987:Drumcree conflict 3970:Ulster University 3962:student societies 3611:Jeffrey Donaldson 3596:Orange Volunteers 3519:Orange Volunteers 3371:War commemoration 3357:British Israelism 3338:Nelson McCausland 2915:Royal Arch Purple 2804:among unionists. 2740:Drumcree conflict 2703:, especially the 2658:Cabinet ministers 2584:Larne gun-running 2348:Irish nationalism 2326:of fomenting the 2320:Church of Ireland 2275:. In response to 2262:Irish Land League 2192:Lord John Russell 2108:1800 Act of Union 2051:Thomas A. Jackson 2047:Irish nationalist 1931:and the Catholic 1886:Battle of Aughrim 1834:William of Orange 1804:Drumcree conflict 1776:Irish nationalism 1745:William of Orange 1675: 1674: 1598:National Populism 1550:Anglo-Catholicism 1507:The Sun on Sunday 1467:The Daily Sceptic 1404:Tory Reform Group 1358:Free Speech Union 1343:Cornerstone Group 1080:The Servile State 177: 176: 143:Orange and Purple 62:Orange Order flag 16:(Redirected from 10233: 10226:Fraternal orders 10138: 10137: 10128: 10127: 10118: 10117: 10116: 10106: 10105: 10104: 10089: 10081: 10073: 10065: 10057: 10050: 10042: 10034: 10026: 10018: 10014:Richard Cromwell 10010: 10002: 9992: 9984: 9976: 9968: 9956: 9948: 9947:(1553; disputed) 9940: 9932: 9766: 9758: 9750: 9742: 9734: 9726: 9718: 9710: 9702: 9694: 9686: 9678: 9670: 9662: 9654: 9646: 9638: 9630: 9622: 9614: 9606: 9598: 9369: 9362: 9355: 9346: 9345: 9289: 9276: 9274: 9272: 9266: 9251: 9241: 9229: 9218: 9199: 9186: 9173: 9154: 9142: 9131: 9112: 9103: 9090: 9061: 9042: 9037:. Archived from 9008: 8995:The Orange Order 8989: 8979: 8969: 8950: 8938: 8927: 8915: 8904: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8875: 8861: 8855: 8854: 8852: 8850: 8841:. Archived from 8835: 8829: 8826: 8820: 8817: 8811: 8810: 8808: 8806: 8800: 8794:. 4 March 2016. 8789: 8781: 8775: 8769: 8763: 8762: 8760: 8758: 8749:. 4 April 2008. 8739: 8733: 8732: 8730: 8728: 8719:. 19 July 2008. 8709: 8700: 8699: 8691: 8685: 8684: 8682: 8680: 8652: 8646: 8639: 8633: 8632: 8630: 8628: 8618:The Orange Order 8610: 8604: 8603: 8601: 8599: 8580: 8574: 8569: 8563: 8556: 8550: 8538: 8532: 8520: 8514: 8502: 8496: 8495: 8493: 8491: 8476: 8470: 8463: 8457: 8456: 8454: 8452: 8437: 8431: 8419: 8413: 8412: 8410: 8408: 8388: 8382: 8381: 8379: 8377: 8367: 8361: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8346: 8340: 8339: 8334:. Archived from 8324: 8318: 8303: 8297: 8296: 8294: 8292: 8272: 8266: 8265: 8263: 8261: 8246: 8240: 8239: 8237: 8235: 8226:. Nuzhound.com. 8220: 8214: 8201: 8195: 8188: 8182: 8169: 8163: 8147: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8113: 8107: 8104: 8098: 8095: 8089: 8086: 8080: 8077: 8071: 8064: 8053: 8037: 8031: 8024: 8018: 8002: 7996: 7993: 7987: 7970: 7961: 7955: 7944: 7937: 7931: 7915: 7909: 7904:Bryan, Dominic. 7902: 7896: 7890: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7879: 7868:Belfasttelegraph 7860: 7854: 7851: 7845: 7842: 7836: 7829: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7818: 7798: 7789: 7776: 7767: 7752: 7746: 7743: 7737: 7734: 7728: 7721: 7715: 7708: 7702: 7695: 7689: 7683: 7677: 7662: 7656: 7649: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7638: 7623: 7617: 7610: 7604: 7593: 7587: 7580: 7574: 7561:Tim Pat Coogan, 7559: 7553: 7546: 7540: 7539: 7537: 7535: 7520: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7509: 7482: 7476: 7470: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7447:. 18 July 2007. 7441: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7421:. Archived from 7408: 7402: 7401: 7396:. Archived from 7390: 7384: 7377: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7350: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7339: 7324: 7318: 7317: 7299: 7293: 7292: 7274: 7268: 7255: 7249: 7246: 7240: 7237: 7231: 7230: 7213: 7207: 7206: 7204: 7202: 7193:. Archived from 7187: 7181: 7155: 7149: 7145: 7139: 7126: 7120: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7060: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7029: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7015: 6995: 6984: 6983: 6978:. Archived from 6959: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6948: 6933: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6917: 6908: 6902: 6901: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6867: 6861: 6819: 6813: 6806: 6800: 6790: 6784: 6781:Northern Ireland 6777: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6766: 6756: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6730: 6721: 6720: 6714: 6706: 6697: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6676: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6649: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6613: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6545: 6538: 6532:Kaufmann, Eric. 6529: 6523: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6499: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6488: 6467: 6461: 6447: 6441: 6422: 6416: 6399: 6393: 6376: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6347: 6341: 6334: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6303: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6270: 6257: 6246: 6240: 6221: 6212: 6203: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6182: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6156: 6144: 6127: 6123: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6097: 6091: 6049: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6038: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6012: 5997: 5991: 5984: 5978: 5977: 5966: 5960: 5959: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5916: 5910: 5909: 5908:. December 2015. 5902: 5896: 5895: 5894:. December 2015. 5888: 5882: 5881: 5874: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5863: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5818: 5812: 5809: 5803: 5802: 5784: 5775: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5713: 5707: 5701: 5695: 5694: 5662: 5656: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5626: 5620: 5613: 5607: 5606: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5556: 5550: 5549: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5516: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5487: 5481: 5480: 5462: 5453: 5452: 5441: 5435: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5376: 5370: 5363: 5357: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5337: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5290: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5262:The Orange Order 5256: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5222: 5216: 5215: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5172: 5166: 5165: 5159: 5155: 5153: 5145: 5133: 5127: 5126: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5087: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5062: 5056: 5053: 5047: 5044: 5038: 5028:The Orange Order 5024: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5013: 4994: 4988: 4965: 4959: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4925: 4919: 4905: 4894: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4851:Bartlett, Thomas 4847: 4841: 4834: 4825: 4818: 4812: 4801: 4792: 4787:McCormack, W J. 4785: 4779: 4765: 4759: 4745: 4736: 4730: 4724: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4674: 4619: 4618: 4600: 4594: 4593: 4575: 4564: 4563: 4539: 4533: 4532: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4482: 4473: 4472: 4454: 4445: 4442: 4433: 4432: 4420: 4414: 4413: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4382: 4376: 4375: 4369: 4367: 4358:. 23 July 2009. 4348: 4339: 4338: 4333: 4331: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4298: 4296: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4263: 4261: 4252:. 12 July 2010. 4240: 4234: 4233: 4219: 4195: 4189: 4176: 4170: 4165:McAuley, James. 4163: 4157: 4150: 4144: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4094: 4092: 4083:. Orange Order. 4077: 4071: 4070: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4035: 4033: 4017: 3982:Anti-Catholicism 3950:Edward Stevenson 3616:The New Unionism 3500:Shankill Butcher 3494:. The banner of 3488:Robert McConnell 3476:George Seawright 3444:Freeman Memorial 3434:was a member of 3316:'s role in it), 3110:Justice Minister 2972:British unionism 2798:County Fermanagh 2792:Membership rates 2734:Drumcree dispute 2622:Irish Free State 2610:Southern Ireland 2606:Northern Ireland 2560:House of Commons 2475:William Johnston 2314:on 8 June 1886, 2312:House of Commons 2199:Lord Londonderry 2162:finally granted 2152:Daniel O'Connell 1929:Peep o' Day Boys 1843: 1768:British unionist 1694:Northern Ireland 1667: 1660: 1653: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1603: 1517:The Sunday Times 1477:Evening Standard 1440:ConservativeHome 1423: 1414:Turning Point UK 1400: 1372: 1339: 1215: 1205: 1195: 1185: 1175: 1165: 1155: 1145: 1135: 1125: 1115: 1105: 1095: 1085: 1075: 1065: 1055: 1045: 1035: 1025: 1015: 1005: 593:Johnson (Samuel) 397:Social hierarchy 377:Moral absolutism 328:British unionism 206: 196: 179: 178: 173: 155: 90: 88: 83: 59: 47: 46: 21: 10241: 10240: 10236: 10235: 10234: 10232: 10231: 10230: 10151: 10150: 10149: 10144: 10114: 10112: 10102: 10100: 10092: 10087: 10079: 10071: 10063: 10055: 10048: 10040: 10032: 10024: 10016: 10008: 10006:Oliver Cromwell 10000: 9990: 9982: 9974: 9961: 9954: 9946: 9938: 9930: 9920: 9912: 9908:United Irishmen 9775: 9769: 9764: 9756: 9748: 9740: 9732: 9724: 9716: 9708: 9700: 9692: 9684: 9676: 9668: 9660: 9652: 9644: 9636: 9628: 9620: 9612: 9604: 9596: 9586: 9580: 9523: 9517: 9463:Nine Years' War 9410: 9404: 9378: 9373: 9311: 9306: 9270: 9268: 9267:on 30 June 2007 9264: 9249: 9238: 9215: 9170: 9151: 9128: 9107:Denniss, Gary. 9096:Ontario History 9058: 9035: 9011: 9005: 8966: 8947: 8924: 8903:on 22 May 2011. 8888: 8886:Further reading 8883: 8873: 8871: 8863: 8862: 8858: 8848: 8846: 8837: 8836: 8832: 8827: 8823: 8818: 8814: 8804: 8802: 8798: 8787: 8783: 8782: 8778: 8770: 8766: 8756: 8754: 8741: 8740: 8736: 8726: 8724: 8711: 8710: 8703: 8692: 8688: 8678: 8676: 8669: 8653: 8649: 8640: 8636: 8626: 8624: 8611: 8607: 8597: 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7777: 7770: 7765:Republican News 7762:Wayback Machine 7753: 7749: 7744: 7740: 7735: 7731: 7723:Brian Kennaway 7722: 7718: 7709: 7705: 7696: 7692: 7684: 7680: 7672:Wayback Machine 7663: 7659: 7650: 7646: 7636: 7634: 7625: 7624: 7620: 7611: 7607: 7597:Orange Standard 7594: 7590: 7581: 7577: 7560: 7556: 7547: 7543: 7533: 7531: 7522: 7521: 7517: 7507: 7505: 7484: 7483: 7479: 7471: 7464: 7454: 7452: 7443: 7442: 7438: 7428: 7426: 7409: 7405: 7392: 7391: 7387: 7378: 7374: 7364: 7362: 7361:on 23 July 2012 7351: 7347: 7337: 7335: 7326: 7325: 7321: 7314: 7300: 7296: 7289: 7275: 7271: 7265:Wayback Machine 7256: 7252: 7247: 7243: 7238: 7234: 7229:on 5 June 2011. 7215: 7214: 7210: 7200: 7198: 7189: 7188: 7184: 7156: 7152: 7146: 7142: 7136:Wayback Machine 7127: 7123: 7113: 7111: 7094: 7090: 7080: 7078: 7061: 7057: 7047: 7045: 7030: 7023: 7013: 7011: 6996: 6987: 6976: 6960: 6956: 6946: 6944: 6943:. 12 March 2005 6941:The Irish Times 6935: 6934: 6930: 6922: 6915: 6909: 6905: 6900:on 6 June 2008. 6881: 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5889: 5885: 5876: 5875: 5871: 5861: 5859: 5857:The Irish Times 5851: 5850: 5846: 5836: 5834: 5819: 5815: 5810: 5806: 5799: 5785: 5778: 5769: 5765: 5714: 5710: 5702: 5698: 5663: 5659: 5650: 5646: 5627: 5623: 5614: 5610: 5603: 5583: 5579: 5569: 5567: 5558: 5557: 5553: 5538: 5534: 5524: 5522: 5518: 5517: 5510: 5500: 5498: 5489: 5488: 5484: 5477: 5463: 5456: 5443: 5442: 5438: 5429: 5425: 5418: 5402: 5398: 5388: 5386: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5364: 5360: 5350: 5348: 5338: 5334: 5324: 5322: 5318: 5317: 5313: 5303: 5301: 5292: 5291: 5287: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5257: 5253: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5223: 5219: 5212: 5198: 5194: 5187: 5173: 5169: 5157: 5156: 5147: 5146: 5134: 5130: 5123: 5109: 5105: 5095: 5093: 5089: 5088: 5084: 5074: 5072: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5054: 5050: 5045: 5041: 5025: 5021: 5011: 5009: 4996: 4995: 4991: 4966: 4962: 4953: 4949: 4934:History Ireland 4926: 4922: 4906: 4897: 4888: 4884: 4869: 4848: 4844: 4836:Mitchel, John. 4835: 4828: 4822:Ireland Her Own 4819: 4815: 4802: 4795: 4786: 4782: 4766: 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7690: 7678: 7657: 7644: 7618: 7612:Steven Moore, 7605: 7588: 7575: 7554: 7541: 7515: 7477: 7462: 7436: 7403: 7385: 7372: 7345: 7319: 7312: 7294: 7287: 7269: 7250: 7241: 7232: 7208: 7197:on 2 July 2007 7182: 7150: 7140: 7121: 7088: 7055: 7021: 6985: 6974: 6954: 6928: 6903: 6862: 6814: 6801: 6785: 6772: 6751: 6722: 6698: 6671: 6644: 6630: 6608: 6583: 6557: 6524: 6494: 6462: 6442: 6440:. 5 July 1998. 6417: 6415:. 3 July 1999. 6394: 6368: 6342: 6329: 6295: 6258: 6241: 6213: 6209:The Newsletter 6198: 6128: 6118: 6092: 6044: 6018: 5992: 5979: 5976:. 9 July 2012. 5961: 5954: 5925: 5911: 5897: 5883: 5869: 5844: 5813: 5804: 5797: 5776: 5763: 5708: 5706:, 21 May 1870. 5696: 5677:(3): 743–765. 5657: 5644: 5621: 5608: 5601: 5577: 5551: 5532: 5508: 5482: 5475: 5454: 5436: 5423: 5416: 5396: 5371: 5358: 5332: 5311: 5285: 5271: 5251: 5237: 5217: 5210: 5192: 5185: 5167: 5128: 5121: 5103: 5082: 5057: 5048: 5039: 5019: 4989: 4960: 4947: 4920: 4895: 4889:Welsh, Frank: 4882: 4867: 4842: 4826: 4813: 4793: 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7925: 7922: 7921: 7914: 7907: 7901: 7894: 7889: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7859: 7850: 7841: 7834: 7828: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7797: 7795: 7787: 7783: 7780: 7775: 7773: 7766: 7763: 7759: 7756: 7751: 7745:Taylor, p.151 7742: 7733: 7726: 7720: 7713: 7707: 7700: 7694: 7687: 7682: 7676: 7673: 7669: 7666: 7661: 7654: 7651:Ian S. Wood, 7648: 7632: 7628: 7622: 7615: 7609: 7602: 7598: 7595:For example, 7592: 7585: 7579: 7572: 7571:0-7538-1852-3 7568: 7564: 7558: 7551: 7550:History Today 7545: 7529: 7525: 7519: 7503: 7499: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7481: 7474: 7469: 7467: 7450: 7446: 7440: 7424: 7420: 7419: 7414: 7407: 7399: 7395: 7389: 7382: 7376: 7360: 7356: 7353:Competition. 7349: 7333: 7329: 7323: 7315: 7313:0-946872-02-3 7309: 7305: 7298: 7290: 7288:0-946872-02-3 7284: 7280: 7273: 7266: 7262: 7259: 7254: 7245: 7236: 7228: 7224: 7223: 7218: 7212: 7196: 7192: 7186: 7179: 7178:0-85640-652-X 7175: 7171: 7167: 7166:0-413-76260-2 7163: 7159: 7154: 7144: 7137: 7133: 7130: 7125: 7109: 7105: 7104: 7099: 7092: 7076: 7072: 7071: 7066: 7059: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7028: 7026: 7009: 7005: 7001: 6994: 6992: 6990: 6981: 6977: 6975:0-413-77535-6 6971: 6967: 6966: 6958: 6942: 6938: 6932: 6921: 6914: 6907: 6899: 6895: 6894: 6877: 6873: 6866: 6859: 6858:1-84205-164-4 6855: 6851: 6847: 6846:0-349-11676-8 6843: 6839: 6835: 6831: 6830:0-684-85556-9 6827: 6823: 6818: 6811: 6805: 6798: 6794: 6789: 6782: 6776: 6761: 6755: 6739: 6735: 6729: 6727: 6718: 6711: 6705: 6703: 6685: 6681: 6675: 6658: 6654: 6648: 6633: 6631:9780933999978 6627: 6623: 6619: 6612: 6597: 6593: 6587: 6571: 6567: 6561: 6542: 6535: 6528: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6498: 6482: 6478: 6477: 6472: 6466: 6460: 6459:1-883911-55-9 6456: 6452: 6446: 6439: 6438: 6433: 6429: 6426: 6421: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6403: 6398: 6391: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6375: 6373: 6356: 6352: 6346: 6339: 6333: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6302: 6300: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6269: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6255: 6251: 6245: 6238: 6237: 6232: 6228: 6225: 6220: 6218: 6210: 6207: 6202: 6186: 6179: 6164: 6160: 6154: 6150: 6143: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6133: 6122: 6106: 6102: 6096: 6089: 6088:0-7453-1413-9 6085: 6081: 6077: 6076:0-7190-7744-3 6073: 6069: 6068:Eric Kaufmann 6065: 6061: 6060:0-586-05453-7 6057: 6053: 6048: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6006: 6002: 5996: 5989: 5983: 5975: 5971: 5965: 5957: 5955:9781139946650 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5929: 5921: 5915: 5907: 5901: 5893: 5887: 5879: 5873: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5817: 5808: 5800: 5798:9781909556065 5794: 5790: 5783: 5781: 5773: 5767: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5712: 5705: 5700: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5661: 5654: 5648: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5625: 5618: 5612: 5604: 5602:0-233-96430-4 5598: 5594: 5593:André Deutsch 5590: 5589: 5581: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5547: 5543: 5536: 5521: 5515: 5513: 5496: 5492: 5486: 5478: 5476:9781909556676 5472: 5468: 5461: 5459: 5450: 5446: 5440: 5433: 5427: 5419: 5413: 5409: 5408: 5400: 5385: 5381: 5375: 5368: 5362: 5347: 5343: 5336: 5321: 5315: 5299: 5295: 5289: 5274: 5272:9781847175113 5268: 5264: 5263: 5255: 5240: 5238:9781134687435 5234: 5231:. Routledge. 5230: 5229: 5221: 5213: 5207: 5203: 5196: 5188: 5182: 5178: 5171: 5163: 5151: 5143: 5139: 5132: 5124: 5122:9780198205555 5118: 5114: 5107: 5092: 5086: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5052: 5043: 5037: 5036:0-370-01340-9 5033: 5029: 5023: 5007: 5003: 5001: 4993: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4977:0-9501444-3-6 4974: 4970: 4964: 4957: 4951: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4924: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4892: 4886: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4846: 4839: 4833: 4831: 4823: 4817: 4810: 4809:0-9514229-6-0 4806: 4800: 4798: 4790: 4784: 4777: 4776:0-7171-2520-3 4773: 4769: 4764: 4757: 4753: 4750: 4744: 4742: 4734: 4729: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4713:0-9501444-3-6 4710: 4706: 4700: 4692: 4690:0-85640-764-X 4686: 4682: 4681: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4616: 4614:9780752425979 4610: 4606: 4599: 4591: 4589:0-521-79366-1 4585: 4581: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4562: 4557: 4551: 4547: 4546: 4538: 4531: 4527: 4525:9780812209877 4521: 4517: 4516: 4508: 4492: 4488: 4481: 4479: 4470: 4464: 4460: 4453: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4431: 4426: 4419: 4412: 4407: 4400: 4393: 4388: 4381: 4374: 4361: 4357: 4356:Irish Central 4353: 4347: 4345: 4337: 4325: 4321: 4320: 4315: 4309: 4302: 4290: 4286: 4285: 4280: 4274: 4267: 4255: 4251: 4250: 4245: 4239: 4232: 4227: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4194: 4187: 4183: 4180: 4175: 4168: 4162: 4155: 4149: 4142: 4138: 4135: 4130: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4098: 4086: 4082: 4076: 4069: 4064: 4058: 4054: 4047: 4040: 4027: 4023: 4016: 4012: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3979: 3973: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3951: 3947: 3945: 3941: 3939: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3927: 3923: 3921: 3917: 3915: 3914:J. M. Andrews 3911: 3909: 3905: 3903: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3885: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3872: 3871:Earl of Roden 3868: 3866: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3853: 3849: 3847: 3843: 3841: 3840:Thomas Verner 3837: 3834: 3830: 3829: 3828: 3823:Grand Masters 3815: 3813: 3808: 3806: 3801: 3799: 3795: 3787:'Diamond Dan' 3784: 3780: 3770: 3765: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3716: 3714: 3700: 3695: 3686: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3673: 3667: 3663: 3654: 3652: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3636: 3634: 3633:Martin Luther 3630: 3619: 3617: 3612: 3606: 3604: 3599: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3585: 3582:(LVF) leader 3581: 3577: 3573: 3566: 3565:County Antrim 3561: 3557: 3555: 3554:Louise Ellman 3551: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3492:Ernie Elliott 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3408: 3399: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3382: 3377: 3368: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3353: 3351: 3346: 3344: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3318:Saint Patrick 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3288: 3286: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3257:credit unions 3254: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3226: 3222: 3213: 3209: 3207: 3202: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3166: 3163: 3158: 3154: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3130: 3126: 3121: 3118: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3086: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3064: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 2998: 2992: 2987: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2963: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2952:County Antrim 2949: 2944: 2940: 2931: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2893: 2889: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2854:Protestantism 2848:Protestantism 2841: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2805: 2803: 2799: 2789: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2777:peace process 2774: 2770: 2765: 2762: 2757: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2741: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2643: 2638: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2554:In 1912, the 2552: 2550: 2546: 2539: 2535: 2534:Orange banner 2530: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2510: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2485: 2484:Belfast South 2481: 2478:and national 2476: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2344:Gaelic League 2340: 2338: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2267: 2263: 2253: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2129: 2124: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2104: 2102: 2096: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2072: 2067: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2000: 1997: 1991: 1988: 1982: 1980: 1974: 1972: 1966: 1964: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1946: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1921:County Armagh 1916: 1906: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1841: 1835: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1780:republicanism 1777: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1729:County Armagh 1725: 1723: 1722:United States 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1668: 1663: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1649: 1648: 1646: 1645: 1640: 1630: 1628: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1608: 1605: 1600: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1497:The Spectator 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1451: 1450:Daily Express 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1431: 1430: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1314:Organisations 1311: 1310: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1287: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1231: 1223: 1222: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1201: 1197: 1192: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1141: 1137: 1132: 1131: 1127: 1121: 1117: 1112: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1101: 1097: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1081: 1077: 1072: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1031: 1027: 1021: 1017: 1012: 1011: 1007: 1002: 1001: 997: 996: 990: 989: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 886:Hanbury-Tracy 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 853: 847: 846: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 757: 754: 753: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 703: 697: 696: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 495: 492:Intellectuals 489: 488: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 470:Young England 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 432: 426: 425: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 387:Protectionism 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 362:Family values 360: 356: 355: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 340: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 325: 319: 318: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 290: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 262: 259: 258: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 246:Compassionate 244: 242: 239: 235: 232: 231: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 216: 210: 209: 205: 201: 200: 197: 190: 189: 185: 181: 180: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 135: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 109: 106: 102: 98: 97:County Armagh 94: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 58: 53: 48: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 10211:Ulster Scots 10161:Orange Order 10022:Commonwealth 10021: 9997:Commonwealth 9995: 9962: 9903:Orange Order 9902: 9823:Common Pleas 9811:King's Bench 9722:Tír Chonaill 9682:Deasmhumhain 9666:Iar Connacht 9285: 9281: 9269:. 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