241:
165:. Because of its lower density (high branching), it breaks down more easily than other plastics; as this happens, the surface area increases. Production of these trace gases from virgin plastics increases with surface area and with time, so that LDPE emits greenhouse gases at a more unsustainable rate than other plastics. In a test at the end of 212 days' incubation, emissions recorded were 5.8 nmol g-1 d-1 of methane, 14.5 nmol g d of ethylene, 3.9 nmol g d of ethane, and 9.7 nmol g d of propylene. When incubated in air, LDPE emits methane and ethylene at rates about 2 times and about 76 times, respectively, more than in water.
269:
628:
261:
31:
2416:
46:
787:
249:
646:
Qiu, Xia-Wen; Pei, Jie; Wu, Chen-Chou; Song, Lin; Bao, Lian-Jun; Zeng, Eddy Y. (August 2021). "Determination of low-density polyethylene–water partition coefficients for novel halogenated flame retardants with the large volume model and co-solvent model".
276:
Polyolefins (LDPE, HDPE, PP) are a major type of thermoplastic. LDPE is widely used for manufacturing various containers, dispensing bottles, wash bottles, tubing, plastic parts for computer components, and various
118:
cause it to swell. It can withstand temperatures of 65 °C (149 °F) continuously and 90 °C (194 °F) for a short time. Made in translucent and opaque variations, it is quite flexible and tough.
91:) is recycled in the United States. Despite competition from more modern polymers, LDPE continues to be an important plastic grade. In 2013 the worldwide LDPE market reached a volume of about US$ 33 billion.
715:
Achilias, D.S.; Roupakias, C.; Megalokonomos, P.; Lappas, A.A.; Antonakou, Ε.V. (November 2007). "Chemical recycling of plastic wastes made from polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE) and polypropylene (PP)".
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84:
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2004:
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17:
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is higher. The side branches mean that its molecules are less tightly packed and less crystalline, and therefore its
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35:
1974:
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76:
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Limited resistance (moderate attack/significant chemical reaction, suitable for short-term use only) to
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Despite its designation with the recycling symbol, it cannot be as commonly recycled as
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2019:
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Karl, David M.; Wilson, Samuel T.; FerrĂłn, Sara; Royer, Sarah-Jeanne (1 August 2018).
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2014:
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When exposed to consistent sunlight, the plastic produces significant amounts of two
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1989:
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890:
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340:
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and LDPE (as the waterproof inner and outer layer), and often with of a layer of
222:
174:
Excellent resistance (no attack/no chemical reaction) to dilute and concentrated
2323:
2318:
2290:
2140:
2114:
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1999:
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2009:
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445:
Introduction to
Industrial Polyethylene: Properties, Catalysts, and Processes
329:
201:
75:, produced in 1933 by Dr John C. Swallow and M.W Perrin who were working for
61:
631: This article incorporates text by Royer et al available under the
1924:
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470:"Municipal Solid Waste Generation,n word and Disposal in the United States"
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72:
30:
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1949:
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1038:
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2378:
2185:
1979:
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1803:
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1508:
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1406:
1173:
1018:
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834:
300:
207:
714:
569:"Production of methane and ethylene from plastic in the environment"
2200:
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1301:
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786:
197:
192:
Good resistance (minor attack/very low chemical reactivity) to
1743:
1663:
1563:
1286:
305:
Parts that require flexibility, for which it serves very well
187:
803:
248:
1573:
1513:
1251:
175:
522:"Exactly What Every Plastic Recycling Symbol Really Means"
1668:
1371:
1366:
1356:
1241:
1211:
110:
LDPE is defined by a density range of 917–930 kg/m. At
566:
114:
it is not reactive, except to strong oxidizers; some
83:. Its manufacture employs the same method today. The
227:Poor resistance, and not recommended for use with
2431:
308:Very soft and pliable parts such as snap-on lids
281:laboratory equipment. Its most common use is in
871:Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
487:"Market Study: Polyethylene LDPE (2nd edition)"
441:
136:instantaneous-dipole induced-dipole attraction
819:
645:
2005:Hazard analysis and critical control points
826:
812:
1915:Automatic identification and data capture
610:
592:
339:Packaging for computer hardware, such as
544:"Polyethylene (Low Density) LDPE, LLDPE"
422:Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene
267:
259:
247:
244:A GEECO bowl, c.1950, still used in 2014
239:
79:(ICI) using a high pressure process via
44:
29:
285:. Other products made from it include:
126:(on about 2% of the carbon atoms) than
14:
2432:
168:
100:2 plastics (high-density polyethylene)
807:
537:
535:
499:
49:Schematic of LDPE branching structure
1317:Flexible intermediate bulk container
448:. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 1–.
289:Trays and general purpose containers
798:2010_MSW_Tables_and_Figures_508.pdf
699:"LDPE Chemical Compatibility Chart"
272:Facial wash gel bottle made of LDPE
24:
2301:Vertical form fill sealing machine
532:
500:Brady, Angela (28 December 2018).
96:No. 1 (polyethylene terephthalate)
25:
2471:
2271:Rotary wheel blow molding systems
1119:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
779:
669:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130235
502:"How to Recycle Number 4 Plastic"
292:Corrosion-resistant work surfaces
2415:
2414:
2241:Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
785:
626:
1975:Electronic article surveillance
1829:Shock and vibration data logger
1674:Linear low-density polyethylene
763:
751:
541:
399:Linear low-density polyethylene
235:
2080:Radio-frequency identification
758:LDPE products and applications
717:Journal of Hazardous Materials
691:
639:
560:
514:
493:
479:
462:
435:
13:
1:
2191:Extended core stretch wrapper
1144:Single-serve coffee container
833:
737:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.06.076
428:
105:
1347:Insulated shipping container
594:10.1371/journal.pone.0200574
475:. EPA.gov. 15 November 2016.
77:Imperial Chemical Industries
71:. It was the first grade of
7:
2236:Material-handling equipment
2120:Verification and validation
1352:Intermediate bulk container
1134:Self-heating food packaging
405:Medium-density polyethylene
381:
264:A Ziploc bag made from LDPE
89:resin identification code 4
81:free radical polymerization
10:
2476:
1879:Time temperature indicator
411:Polyethylene terephthalate
2412:
2334:Environmental engineering
2309:
2296:Turntable stretch wrapper
2226:Lineshaft roller conveyor
2216:Injection molding machine
2128:
1897:
1527:
1172:
1154:Toothpaste pump dispenser
1014:Disposable food packaging
959:
856:Child-resistant packaging
841:
772:. IDES – The Plastics Web
760:. Exxon Mobil Corporation
393:High-density polyethylene
2221:Label printer applicator
2090:Shearing (manufacturing)
1689:Low-density polyethylene
1109:Pharmaceutical packaging
1079:Low plastic water bottle
969:Alternative wine closure
792:Low-density polyethylene
229:halogenated hydrocarbons
87:estimates 5.7% of LDPE (
54:Low-density polyethylene
18:Low density polyethylene
2251:Orbital stretch wrapper
1874:Temperature data logger
1794:Pressure-sensitive tape
1654:Humidity indicator card
1182:Aerosol spray dispenser
507:San Francisco Chronicle
442:Dennis Malpass (2010).
1970:Die forming (plastics)
1679:Liquid packaging board
1382:Multilayered packaging
1114:Plastic milk container
1094:Optical disc packaging
322:liquid packaging board
295:Parts that need to be
273:
265:
257:
245:
50:
42:
2399:Sustainable packaging
2349:Life-cycle assessment
2329:Closed-loop box reuse
2276:Seed-counting machine
1609:Corrugated fiberboard
1559:Biodegradable plastic
1282:Corrugated box design
936:Sustainable packaging
926:Shelf-ready packaging
901:Packaging engineering
377:Electrical components
271:
263:
251:
243:
132:intermolecular forces
48:
33:
2369:PET bottle recycling
2231:Logistics automation
1759:Plastic-coated paper
906:Resealable packaging
794:at Wikimedia Commons
388:Film blowing machine
343:, screen cards, and
2450:Packaging materials
2421:Category: Packaging
2256:Packaging machinery
2065:Product development
1864:Tamper-evident band
1704:Modified atmosphere
1044:Foam food container
729:2007JHzM..149..536A
661:2021Chmsp.27730235Q
585:2018PLoSO..1300574R
528:. 18 February 2022.
345:optical disc drives
169:Chemical resistance
2455:British inventions
2384:Reusable packaging
2344:Industrial ecology
2105:Ultrasonic welding
2070:Production control
2020:Injection moulding
1905:Aseptic processing
1614:Corrugated plastic
1484:Steel and tin cans
1454:Shipping container
1392:Packet (container)
1129:Seasonal packaging
1029:Evidence packaging
1009:Currency packaging
1004:Cosmetic packaging
911:Reusable packaging
362:Plastic containers
274:
266:
258:
246:
142:is lower, and its
138:) are weaker, its
51:
43:
2427:
2426:
2389:Reverse logistics
2374:Plastic recycling
2246:Multihead weigher
2166:Cartoning machine
2161:Cap torque tester
2075:Quality assurance
2050:Plastic extrusion
2015:Induction sealing
1985:Extrusion coating
1844:Staple (fastener)
1814:Security printing
1649:Hot-melt adhesive
1222:Biodegradable bag
1064:Glass milk bottle
946:Tamper resistance
886:Package pilferage
861:Contract packager
790:Media related to
526:Good Housekeeping
455:978-0-470-62598-9
350:Playground slides
334:aseptic packaging
27:Chemical compound
16:(Redirected from
2467:
2418:
2417:
2404:Waste management
2394:Source reduction
2211:Industrial robot
2115:Vacuum packaging
2040:Package tracking
1995:Glass production
1955:Corona treatment
1945:Containerization
1809:Screw cap (wine)
1724:Oxygen scavenger
1187:Aluminium bottle
1139:Screw cap (wine)
1084:Luxury packaging
916:Reuse of bottles
881:Package delivery
866:Edible packaging
851:Active packaging
828:
821:
814:
805:
804:
789:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
748:
712:
703:
702:
701:. CP Lab Safety.
695:
689:
688:
643:
637:
630:
624:
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564:
558:
557:
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554:
539:
530:
529:
518:
512:
511:
497:
491:
490:
483:
477:
476:
474:
466:
460:
459:
439:
374:Automotive parts
341:hard disk drives
324:, a laminate of
223:oxidizing agents
155:greenhouse gases
140:tensile strength
112:room temperature
21:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2408:
2364:Paper recycling
2359:Packaging waste
2339:Glass recycling
2311:
2305:
2261:Pallet inverter
2181:Conveyor system
2136:Barcode printer
2124:
2100:Track and trace
2055:Plastic welding
1990:Flame treatment
1960:Curtain coating
1893:
1714:Nonwoven fabric
1699:Metallised film
1604:Container glass
1531:
1529:
1523:
1499:Tub (container)
1397:Padded envelope
1168:
994:Case-ready meat
961:
955:
891:Package testing
843:
837:
832:
782:
777:
776:
768:
764:
756:
752:
713:
706:
697:
696:
692:
644:
640:
579:(8): e0200574.
565:
561:
552:
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540:
533:
520:
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515:
498:
494:
485:
484:
480:
472:
468:
467:
463:
456:
440:
436:
431:
384:
332:(thus becoming
316:Juice and milk
238:
171:
108:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2473:
2463:
2462:
2460:Food packaging
2457:
2452:
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2424:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
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2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2324:Can collecting
2321:
2319:Biodegradation
2315:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2291:Tape dispenser
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2141:Barcode reader
2138:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2110:Vacuum forming
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2000:Graphic design
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1920:Blow fill seal
1917:
1912:
1910:Authentication
1907:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1824:Shock detector
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1799:Pump dispenser
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1769:Plastic pallet
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1729:Package handle
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
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1681:
1676:
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1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1544:Aluminium foil
1541:
1535:
1533:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1479:Stand-up pouch
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1422:Plastic bottle
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1327:Folding carton
1324:
1319:
1314:
1312:Euro container
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1292:Disposable cup
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1202:Antistatic bag
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1054:Fuel container
1051:
1049:Food packaging
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
974:Ammunition box
971:
965:
963:
957:
956:
954:
953:
948:
943:
941:Tamper-evident
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
847:
845:
839:
838:
831:
830:
823:
816:
808:
802:
801:
795:
781:
780:External links
778:
775:
774:
770:DOW LDPE 5004I
762:
750:
723:(3): 536–542.
704:
690:
638:
559:
531:
513:
492:
478:
461:
454:
433:
432:
430:
427:
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425:
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414:
408:
402:
396:
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383:
380:
379:
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375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
352:
347:
337:
314:
312:Six-pack rings
309:
306:
303:
293:
290:
256:made from LDPE
254:packaging foam
237:
234:
233:
232:
225:
204:
202:vegetable oils
190:
170:
167:
122:LDPE has more
107:
104:
64:made from the
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2472:
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2456:
2453:
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2337:
2335:
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2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2281:Shrink tunnel
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:Check weigher
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:Bottling line
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:Thermoforming
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2085:Roll slitting
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
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2058:
2056:
2053:
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2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2030:Laser cutting
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2010:Hermetic seal
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
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1983:
1981:
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1847:
1845:
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1837:
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1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:Security tape
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:Polypropylene
1787:
1785:
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1777:
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1765:
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1760:
1757:
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1737:
1735:
1734:Packaging gas
1732:
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1712:
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1459:Shipping tube
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1322:Flexible tank
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922:
919:
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904:
902:
899:
897:
896:Package theft
894:
892:
889:
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884:
882:
879:
877:
876:Overpackaging
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
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849:
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840:
836:
829:
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806:
799:
796:
793:
788:
784:
783:
771:
766:
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746:
742:
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734:
730:
726:
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718:
711:
709:
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694:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
642:
636:
634:
629:
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618:
613:
608:
604:
600:
595:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
563:
549:
548:www.bpf.co.uk
545:
538:
536:
527:
523:
517:
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508:
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496:
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482:
471:
465:
457:
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409:
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403:
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397:
394:
391:
389:
386:
385:
376:
373:
371:Battery cases
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
356:
355:Plastic wraps
353:
351:
348:
346:
342:
338:
335:
331:
330:aluminum foil
327:
323:
319:
315:
313:
310:
307:
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302:
298:
294:
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286:
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255:
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137:
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117:
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103:
101:
97:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
63:
62:thermoplastic
59:
55:
47:
40:
39:resin ID code
37:
32:
19:
2310:Environment,
1925:Blow molding
1854:Stretch wrap
1784:Polyethylene
1774:Plastic wrap
1764:Plastic film
1749:Paper pallet
1688:
1684:Living hinge
1589:Coated paper
1469:Spray bottle
1449:Security bag
1442:Water sachet
1432:Salvage drum
1427:Retort pouch
1332:Glass bottle
1227:Blister pack
1192:Aluminum can
1159:Water bottle
1059:Gas cylinder
1034:Field ration
931:Shelf-stable
765:
753:
720:
716:
693:
652:
648:
641:
625:
576:
572:
562:
551:. Retrieved
547:
516:
505:
495:
481:
464:
444:
437:
417:Stretch wrap
359:Plastic bags
320:are made of
283:plastic bags
275:
236:Applications
219:mineral oils
215:hydrocarbons
152:
121:
109:
93:
73:polyethylene
57:
53:
52:
2440:Polyolefins
2206:Heat sealer
2171:Case sealer
2045:Papermaking
1965:Die cutting
1930:Calendering
1834:Shrink wrap
1709:Molded pulp
1694:Meat diaper
1659:Kraft paper
1639:Foam peanut
1629:Double seam
1599:Coextrusion
1569:Bubble wrap
1549:Bail handle
1494:Thermal bag
1417:Plastic bag
1232:Boil-in-bag
1164:Wine bottle
1149:Spray paint
1104:Popcorn bag
1099:Oyster pail
984:Beer bottle
649:Chemosphere
489:. Ceresana.
252:A piece of
2434:Categories
2286:Staple gun
2266:Palletizer
2156:Can seamer
2025:Lamination
1950:Converting
1839:Slip sheet
1754:Paperboard
1619:Cushioning
1579:Cellophane
1554:Bioplastic
1532:components
1519:Wooden box
1489:Tetra Brik
1412:Paper sack
1387:Multi-pack
1337:Gunny sack
1207:Bag-in-box
1174:Containers
1039:Flour sack
1024:Egg carton
999:Coffee bag
979:Banana box
921:Shelf life
655:: 130235.
553:2018-06-14
429:References
413:(PET/PETE)
368:Housewares
326:paperboard
301:machinable
150:is lower.
144:resilience
106:Properties
2379:Recycling
2186:Drum pump
2129:Machinery
1980:Extrusion
1898:Processes
1869:Tear tape
1859:Susceptor
1849:Strapping
1804:Screw cap
1779:Polyester
1624:Desiccant
1528:Materials
1509:Unit load
1464:Skin pack
1407:Paper bag
1277:Clamshell
1019:Drink can
951:Wrap rage
835:Packaging
800:. epa.gov
685:232764239
633:CC BY 4.0
603:1932-6203
208:aliphatic
194:aldehydes
130:, so its
124:branching
34:LDPE has
2445:Plastics
2312:post-use
2201:Heat gun
2151:Calender
2060:Printing
1889:Velostat
1884:Tinplate
1719:Overwrap
1644:Gel pack
1634:Flip-top
1539:Adhesive
1474:Squround
1377:Mesh bag
1362:Jerrycan
1307:Envelope
1247:Bulk box
1124:Sand bag
1089:Milk bag
1074:Juicebox
989:Box wine
962:packages
745:17681427
677:33794435
635:license.
621:30067755
573:PLOS ONE
424:(UHMWPE)
382:See also
297:weldable
212:aromatic
180:alcohols
163:ethylene
116:solvents
69:ethylene
2035:Molding
1940:Coating
1935:Canning
1594:Coating
1584:Closure
1342:Inhaler
1197:Ampoule
1069:Growler
960:Product
842:General
725:Bibcode
657:Bibcode
612:6070199
581:Bibcode
401:(LLDPE)
318:cartons
198:ketones
159:methane
148:density
66:monomer
60:) is a
2419:
2354:Litter
2196:Filler
1739:Pallet
1437:Sachet
1302:Endcap
1267:Carton
1262:Carboy
1237:Bottle
1217:Barrel
844:topics
743:
683:
675:
619:
609:
601:
452:
407:(MDPE)
395:(HDPE)
279:molded
221:, and
200:, and
188:esters
186:, and
1744:Paper
1664:Label
1564:BoPET
1287:Crate
681:S2CID
542:BPF.
473:(PDF)
365:Pipes
184:bases
176:acids
1574:Bung
1514:Vial
1504:Tube
1402:Pail
1297:Drum
1272:Chub
1257:Case
1252:Cage
741:PMID
673:PMID
617:PMID
599:ISSN
450:ISBN
299:and
210:and
161:and
128:HDPE
58:LDPE
1669:Lid
1530:and
1372:Keg
1367:Jug
1357:Jar
1242:Box
1212:Bag
733:doi
721:149
665:doi
653:277
607:PMC
589:doi
98:or
85:EPA
36:SPI
2436::
739:.
731:.
719:.
707:^
679:.
671:.
663:.
651:.
615:.
605:.
597:.
587:.
577:13
575:.
571:.
546:.
534:^
524:.
504:.
336:).
217:,
196:,
182:,
178:,
157::
102:.
827:e
820:t
813:v
747:.
735::
727::
687:.
667::
659::
623:.
591::
583::
556:.
510:.
458:.
231:.
134:(
56:(
41:4
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
