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433:. Tired of waiting for the start of the British offensive, Foch dispatched the cavalry corps of commander Conneau to Lille. On the stroke of noon on 12 October, Lille heard the gunfire coming closer. The corps of Conneau engaged in a famous battle, but did not persist, believing that Lille had succumbed. Surrounding the city, the Germans had between 50,000 and 80,000 men, facing a motley band of 2,795 men composed of chasseurs, goumiers and especially territorials, armed with a battery of artillery, with three 75mm guns and little ammunition.
411:. Then a few days later, he was given a counter-order. Upon his return, the prefect found the offices of military buildings open to all the winds and the equipment abandoned. On 27 August Trepont asked John Vandenbosch, an industrialist, to move all military equipment to Dunkirk. Transport lasted for 21 days, and 278 trains were needed. On 2 September, the Germans entered the city, then departed after extorting ransom. They returned several times. On 4 October, a detachment of
454:
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on a secret visit to the front at Lille. During the approach to Lille, two
British aircraft bombed the train and emerged, but missed their target. The German command did not understand the unique situation of these forty kilometers of "cursed" front (held by the British) out of nearly seven hundred
465:
on a petticoat. Once at her destination, she ironed the petticoat to make the messages visible and cut them apart for delivery. Impressed by her cleverness and her language skills, officers of both the French and
English intelligence agencies tried to recruit her. She decided to work for the British,
526:
Her body was repatriated on 21 February 1920. On 16 March 1920 a funeral was held in Lille in which she was posthumously awarded the Cross of the Legion of Honor, the Croix de guerre 1914-1918 with palm, and the
British Military Medal, and she was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.
488:
De
Bettignies smuggled men to England, provided valuable information to the Intelligence Service, and prepared for her superiors in London a grid map of the region around Lille. When the German army installed a new battery of artillery, the intelligence she provided allowed this camouflaged position
44:
959:
According to Louise's niece
Marguerite de Bettignies, "They were too artistic, too proud to claim their due, for the "big people" of the world were failing to pay their bills, convinced no doubt that for them to order, and thus to recognize the talent of the Bettignies, was a distinction worth all
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She was six years older than me. I saw her most often at
Valenciennes, at the house of our common grandmother, Louise was blonde, frail in appearance, with a mobile face and piercing eyes that seemed to dart in all directions ... It is true that the days when I saw her, when she was about twelve,
444:
From 4 to 13 October 1914, by turning the only cannon that the Lille troops had, the defenders succeeded in deceiving the enemy and holding them for several days under an intense battle that destroyed more than 2,200 buildings and houses, particularly in the area of the station. Louise, moving
200:
Tariffs were high, and the deposit became a factory after it had taken over the supply of material for the porcelain maker
Fauquez, which he improved. First installed in rue Marion, the factory in 1837 was established at a place called Le Moulin des Loups, on the road to Valenciennes. In 1831,
553:
In 2008, a small museum was established in her birthplace, rue Louise de
Bettignies (formerly Rue de Conde) in Saint-Amand-les-Eaux. As of October 2021, a large portrait of de Bettignies was scheduled to be finished on the outside of the building, which was being converted to a resource center
400:" (its fortifications were decommissioned in 1910) and the staff was evacuated on 24 August. On 22 August, after German patrols were seen in the vicinity of Lille, General Percin installed a 75 mm gun in front of each drawbridge of the Citadel. This initiative provoked the wrath of
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were her holidays. She was a boarder with her sister, Germaine, at the
Convent of the Holy Union of the Sacred Hearts, where the good nuns fed that lively child opinions that were similar to those of her grandmother. However, she worked so as to give them satisfaction.
429:, who arrived on the night of 4 to 5 October, warned by the prefect, sent commander Pardieu back towards Lille under the protection of the 20th Regiment of mounted chasseurs. Delayed by the crowd, the ammunition convoy was attacked by a detachment of General
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The network, which operated within forty kilometers of the front to the west and east of Lille, was so effective that she was nicknamed by her
English superiors "the queen of spies." Starting in spring 1915, de Bettignies worked closely with
404:, the mayor, and of advocates of non-defense. Faced with this, Pervin retreated. Behind the back of the prefect, the supporters of non-defense created new initiatives to disarm the city. On August 24, the Staff evacuated Lille.
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through the ruins of Lille, ensured the supply of ammunition and food to the soldiers who were still firing on the attackers. In makeshift hospitals, she wrote letters in German dictated by dying Germans to their families.
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during her trip in 1915. It was there that she was offered the position of tutor of the children of Ferdinand Joseph, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. She declined the offer and returned to France.
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art on the quai des Salines. The factory was called the imperial and royal factory. In 1787, the Duke of Orleans ordered a magnificent service in blue decor from Tournai of which some pieces are held in the
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846:
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In 1818, Maximilen Joseph de Bettignies, advocate to the council of Tournai, General Counsel and magistrate, opened a depot at rue du Wacq in Saint-Amand-les-Eaux, which he gave to his son Maximilian.
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After the German army invaded Lille in October 1914, de Bettignies began carrying messages from people who were trapped there to and from their relatives in unoccupied France. She did this by
201:
Maximilian Joseph obtained the French nationality. In 1833, he married, in Orchies, Adeline Armande Bocquet, who bore him four children, one of whom was Henri, Louise de Bettignies's father.
254:... I still have vivid memories of my cousin from the time we spent at our grandmother's house on rue Capron Street, in Valenciennes ... Louise was then twelve. We were both students of the
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and the Netherlands. It is estimated that the network saved the lives of more than a thousand British soldiers during its 9 months of full operation from January to September 1915.
231:
396:, President of the Council, the position of governor of Lille. He had exceeded his rights, as the decommissioning should have been enacted by law. Lille was then declared an "
258:, she as a boarder and me as a day pupil. She already showed a strong character, playful ... Yes, Louise was very nice, very intelligent and showed a lot of personality. "
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407:
During this turbulent period, the government yielded to fear. The prefect Felix Trepont was ordered to retreat with the administrative and postal services to
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On 31 July 1818 M.J. de Bettignies filed a patent No. 521 on the paste with which to make large vases of bone china (Brev. d'inv., volume XVI, p. 276).
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the gold in the world. When the situation proved untenable, they preferred to put the key in the door, rather than letting their workers go unpaid.
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stumbled on a battalion of Chasseurs on foot, resting in the city. Taken aback, they retreated, burning some houses in the suburb of Fives.
313:. In 1906, when she was with the Viscontis, she travelled extensively throughout Italy. In 1911, she went to Count Mikiewsky, near Lemberg (
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De Bettignies Louise (1880 - 1918) Ă©crit par Bertin de Bettignies, petit fils d'Albert de Bettignies, frĂšre de Louise de Bettignies
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In Lille, there is a monument to Louise de Bettignies that includes a statue of her with a soldier kneeling and kissing her hand.
380:. From there, she took the pretext of joining her sister Germaine, whose husband, Maurice Houzet was mobilized, to go to Lille.
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In 1866, Henri de Bettignies married Julienne Mabille de Poncheville, from an old family of lawyers in the northern France.
17:
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who gave her the pseudonym Alice Dubois and helped her set up an intelligence network of some one hundred people.
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Lille was invaded by a crowd of refugees. Until October 9, there was confusion in both prefecture and in the city.
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After the death of her father in 1903, she returned to Lille, where she graduated in the Faculty of Letters of the
214:
On 30 June 1880, Henry and Maximilian de Bettignies ceded their business to Gustave Dubois and LĂ©andre Bouquiaux.
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in early 1916. The information was relayed to the French commander, but unfortunately, he refused to believe it.
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Several French towns have named streets, schools and other structures after her, for example, the school where
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in 1906. After her studies, she had a perfect mastery of English and a good knowledge of German and Italian.
262:
Her parents moved in Lille in 1895, but she left in 1898 for England to continue her higher studies with the
421:
On October 9, the commander Felix de Pardieu and his territorials were ordered to retreat in the region of
162:
Traces of the Bettignies family date back to 1228. The Lordship of Bettignies was located near the city of
227:
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She was arrested in October 1915 and imprisoned, dying shortly before the end of the war in captivity.
497:
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Another opportunity allowed her to report the date and time of passage of the imperial train carrying
898:"Saint-Amand : Il réalise un portrait gigantesque de Louise de Bettignies sur sa maison natale"
482:
207:
The Mabille family had its origins in the Pas-de-Calais and for several generations had notaries in
872:"Monument to Louise de Bettignies - Lille - Remembrance Trails of the Great War in Northern France"
847:"Resistance to the first German occupation- Remembrance Trails of the Great War in Northern France"
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515:, she was sentenced to death on 16 March 1916 in Brussels. Her sentence was later commuted to
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Despite her father's financial difficulties, de Bettignies obtained a secondary education in
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In memory of Louise de Bettignies; in front of the prison of St. Gilles, Brussels, Belgium
8:
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for life. After being held for three years, she died on 27 September 1918 as a result of
1145:. Histoire de Louise de Bettignies et de ses Compagnes. Les Ăditions de la Vraie France.
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799:"27 September 1918 Louise de Bettignies (alias 'Alice Dubois') died on this day"
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According to note 16 on page 29 of the book by René Deruyk, she was related to
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Peterinck de La Gohelle, de Bettigniesâ great-grandfather, originated in
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1050:"Madame Delcourt, née Laure Marie Mabille de Poncheville(1882-1977)".
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321:. From 1911 to 1912, she was with Prince Carl Schwarzenberg, at the
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1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
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825:"Visions of an occupied Roubaix: between literature and history"
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One of her last messages announced the preparation of a massive
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Cover of the book "The queen of spies" by Major Thomas Coulson
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Chemins de mémoire de la Grande guerre en Nord-Pas de Calais
997:"André Mabille de Poncheville (23 May 1886 - 20 May 1969)".
823:
Gorez-Brienne, Sandrine; VĂ©rizian-Lefeuvre, Corinne (2010).
376:
Before August was over, Louise left Wissant and returned to
755:. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Review Press. pp. 70â78.
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Back in Lille in early 1914, where she was operated on for
314:
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She then moved to the Princess Elvira of Bavaria, at the
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poorly operated upon at St. Mary's Hospital in Cologne.
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provided important information to the British by way of
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At the outbreak of the war, Louise lived in a villa at
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Louise and Germaine lived together at 166 rue d'Isly.
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Louise de Bettignies: résistante lilloise (1880-1918)
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602:"Viewpoint: Why are so few WW1 heroines remembered?"
392:, Minister of War, suppressed, with the approval of
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628:
250:According to Laure Marie Mabille de Poncheville,
170:. There are further traces of the family in 1507.
124:; 15 July 1880 - 27 September 1918) was a French
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511:Arrested by the Germans on 20 October 1915 near
128:who spied on the Germans for the British during
987:
775:
138:She was posthumously awarded the Cross of the
1186:Louise de Bettignies, avec arbre généalogique
1180:Monument en lâhonneur de Louise de Bettignies
925:"The 'Queen of Spies' through the World Wars"
1199:Bettignies, Louise Marie Jeanne Henriette de
599:
425:, leaving Lille without defender. General
113:Louise Marie Jeanne Henriette de Bettignies
1166:Louise de Bettignies sur le site officiel
1157:Louise de Bettignies sur le site officiel
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572:De Bettignies is a secondary character in
42:
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744:
1259:World War I spies for the United Kingdom
1249:French people who died in prison custody
1111:The Queen of Spies, Louise de Bettignies
1006:Bettignies, Bertin de (13 August 2008).
864:
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1279:Prisoners sentenced to death by Germany
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1107:
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368:that was rented by her brother Albert.
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181:in 1752, where he founded a factory of
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1284:Prisoners who died in German detention
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132:using the pseudonym of Alice Dubois.
150:, and she was made an Officer of the
119:
1229:People from Nord (French department)
1071:. Paris: Ăditions de la vrai France.
1008:"De Bettignies Louise (1880 - 1918)"
449:Espionage service: the Alice Network
357:, she went to her brother's home in
1254:French prisoners sentenced to death
923:Stewart, Debbie (8 December 2017).
896:Foissel, Nicolas (30 August 2021).
781:
383:
121:[lwizmaÊiÊanÉÌÊjÉtdÉbetiÉČi]
48:Louise de Bettignies before the war
24:
1114:. London, UK: Constable & Co.
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851:Northern France Battlefields Trail
816:
25:
1300:
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1088:, Plon, 1937 et La Colombe, 1956.
527:She is buried in the cemetery of
274:, and then with the Ursulines at
1269:Spies who died in prison custody
1264:French people of Belgian descent
567:studied (and was expelled from).
1244:French people imprisoned abroad
1103:] (in French). Maison Mame.
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600:Alison Fell (27 October 2014).
344:). She is supposed to have met
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803:The Western Front Association
688:Madame Delcourt: Voix du Nord
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436:
1239:French people of World War I
311:Giuseppe Visconti de Modrone
232:André Mabille de Poncheville
7:
753:Women Heroes of World War I
751:Atwood, Kathryn J. (2014).
676:André Mabille: Voix du Nord
534:
485:, alias Charlotte Lameron.
463:writing them in lemon juice
230:. According to her cousin,
228:Sisters of the Sacred Heart
152:Order of the British Empire
146:with palm, and the British
10:
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1274:People convicted of spying
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297:She worked as a tutor in
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144:Croix de guerre 1914-1918
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1289:Women sentenced to death
1108:Coulson, Thomas (1935).
256:Dames de la Sainte-Union
188:Musée royal de Mariemont
506:German attack on Verdun
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483:Marie LĂ©onie Vanhoutte
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1127:Moriaud, Gem (1928).
1022:Deruyk, René (1998).
992:(84). JuneâJuly 2008.
556:emancipation of women
544:
456:
431:Georg von der Marwitz
252:
243:
117:French pronunciation:
1142:La Guerre des Femmes
1129:Louise de Bettignies
1086:Louise de Bettignies
1084:HĂ©lĂšne dâArgĆuvres,
1065:La guerre des femmes
1054:. 28 September 1968.
1001:. 30 September 1967.
582:, published in 2017.
529:Saint-Amand-les-Eaux
489:to be bombed by the
346:Rupprecht of Bavaria
218:Education and family
68:Saint-Amand-les-Eaux
36:Louise de Bettignies
18:Louise-de-Bettignies
1028:. la Voix du Nord.
929:Great Falls Tribune
776:Alice: Pays du Nord
493:within eight days.
287:University of Lille
27:French secret agent
1159:chemins de mémoire
1073:(2nd edition 1946)
876:Remembrance Trails
547:
491:Royal Flying Corps
459:
388:On 1 August 1914,
1197:Antier, Chantal:
1035:978-2-84393-007-2
762:978-1-61374-686-8
649:, pp. 11â12.
579:The Alice Network
521:pleural abscesses
402:Charles Delesalle
309:, to the home of
299:Pierrefonds, Oise
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79:27 September 1918
16:(Redirected from
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1052:La Voix du Nord
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554:devoted to the
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1224:1918 deaths
1219:1880 births
1175:beh.free.fr
908:24 December
904:(in French)
881:24 December
736:Deruyk 1998
724:Redier 1924
712:Deruyk 1998
700:Deruyk 1998
647:Deruyk 1998
635:Deruyk 1998
623:Deruyk 1998
413:Wahnschaffe
372:World War I
235: [
130:World War I
95:Nationality
1213:Categories
835:: 109â127.
808:19 October
608:27 October
604:. BBC News
587:References
574:Kate Quinn
498:the Kaiser
437:Under fire
378:Saint-Omer
60:1880-07-15
988:"Alice".
398:open city
330:Holeschau
276:Wimbledon
264:Ursulines
226:with the
183:porcelain
106:Espionage
89:, Germany
1139:(1923).
1095:(1937).
1062:(1924).
576:'s book
535:Tributes
332:Castle,
70:, France
1120:5271094
1041:27 June
1013:27 June
981:Sources
513:Tournai
409:Dunkirk
366:Wissant
338:Moravia
319:Galicia
179:Tournai
168:Belgium
87:Cologne
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317:), in
280:Oxford
158:Family
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947:Notes
336:(now
307:Italy
303:Milan
272:Essex
268:Upton
239:]
175:Lille
1116:OCLC
1043:2013
1030:ISBN
1015:2013
936:2020
910:2021
883:2021
858:2021
829:Nord
810:2021
757:ISBN
610:2014
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