Louis Brandeis - Knowledge

8012: 3763:

only were hopelessly inefficient in a narrow economic sense but also menaced the very existence of political democracy itself….e sought to ameliorate what he called the “curse of bigness” and to establish a new industrial democracy based on a partnership between business, organized labor, and the public….He never challenged the fundamentals of capitalism itself; rather he looked back with nostalgic longing toward the vanished Jeffersonian notion of a self-regulated economic order characterized by competition among a great variety of small entrepreneurs….In his last years on the Court, Brandeis became a fairly consistent judicial protagonist of the New Deal….Before his retirement from the Court, Brandeis was rewarded by seeing the majority justices accept not only the major constitutional premises of the New Deal but also his own positions on First Amendment liberties, on labor legislation, and a judicial abuse of the due process clause. Thus Brandeis emerges finally as a lifelong champion of an open libertarian democratic society….

3726: 2308:

rights, and the common law, in its eternal youth, grows to meet the demands of society. The press is overstepping in every direction the obvious bounds of propriety and of decency. Gossip is no longer the resource of the idle and of the vicious, but has become a trade, which is pursued with industry, as well as effrontery. To satisfy a prurient taste the details of sexual relations are spread broadcast in the columns of the daily papers. ... The intensity and complexity of life, attendant upon advancing civilization, have rendered necessary some retreat from the world, and man, under the refining influence of culture, has become more sensitive to publicity, so that solitude and privacy have become more essential to the individual; but modern enterprise and invention have, through invasions upon his privacy, subjected him to mental pain and distress, far greater than could be inflicted by mere bodily injury.

3153:, Justice Brandeis wrote that the states could tax the income of corporations doing a multistate business as long as the state taxed only the state's apportioned share of the corporation's income. He also first articulated what ultimately came to be known as the unitary business principle, when he wrote for the Court "The profits of the corporation were largely earned by a series of transactions beginning with manufacture in Connecticut and ending with sale in other states. In this, it was typical of a large part of the manufacturing business conducted in the state.... therefore adopted a method of apportionment which, for all that appears in this record, reached, and was meant to reach, only the profits earned within the state." ( 3088:" as the test any restriction on speech had to meet. Both Holmes and Brandeis used this doctrine in other cases. Vile points out that Brandeis was "spurred by his appreciation for democracy, education, and the value of free speech and continued to argue vigorously for ... free speech even in wartime because of its educational value and the importance to democracy." And according to legal historian John Raeburn Green, Brandeis's philosophy influenced Justice Holmes himself, and writes that "Justice Holmes's conversion to a profound attachment to freedom of expression ... may be taken to have occurred in 1919, and to have coincided roughly with the advent of Mr. Justice Brandeis's influence." 3644:

three thousand years of civilization has produced a faith, culture and individuality which enable it to contribute largely in the future, as it has in the past, to the advance of civilization; and that it is not a right merely but a duty of the Jewish nationality to survive and develop. They believe that only in Palestine can Jewish life be fully protected from the forces of disintegration; that there alone can the Jewish spirit reach its full and natural development; and that by securing for those Jews who wish to settle there the opportunity to do so, not only those Jews, but all other Jews will be benefited, and that the long perplexing Jewish Problem will, at last, find solution.

251: 3097:(1920) which dealt with a state law prohibiting interference with the military's enlistment efforts. In his dissenting opinion, Brandeis wrote that the statute affected the "rights, privileges, and immunities of one who is a citizen of the United States; and it deprives him of an important part of his liberty. ... he statute invades the privacy and freedom of the home. Father and mother may not follow the promptings of religious belief, of conscience or of conviction, and teach son or daughter the doctrine of pacifism. If they do, any police officer may summarily arrest them." 9656: 8976: 2500: 3866: 2623:

League had 70,000 members, and Brandeis's face and name now appeared regularly in newspapers. He next persuaded the former governor, a Republican, to become its president, and the current governor stated in his annual message his wish for the legislature to study plans for "cheaper insurance that may rob death of half of its terrors for the worthy poor." Brandeis drafted his own bill, and three months later, the "savings bank insurance measure was signed into law." He called that bill one of "his greatest achievements" and kept a watchful eye on it.

3670:, the Jewish Congress Organization Committee was established in March 1915. The subsequent vehement debate about the idea of a "congress" stirred the feelings of American Jews and acquainted them with the Jewish problem. Brandeis's efforts to bring in the American Jewish Committee and some other Jewish organizations were unsuccessful; these organizations were quite willing to participate in a conference of appointed representatives, but were opposed to Brandeis's idea of convening a congress of delegates elected by the Jewish population. 2728:." It was much shorter than traditional briefs but included more than a hundred pages of documentation, including social worker reports, medical conclusions, factory inspector observations, and other expert testimonials, which together showed a preponderance of evidence displaying that "when women worked long hours, it was destructive to their health and morals." The brief was packed full of social research and data to demonstrate the public interest in a ten-hour limitation on women's working hours. His brief proved decisive in 2682:

directors with dereliction of duty." As a result, the New Haven gave up its struggle for expansion by disposing of its Boston and Maine stock and selling off its recent acquisitions of competitors. As Mason describes it, "after a nine-year battle against a powerful corporation... and in the face of a long, bitter campaign of personal abuse and vilification, Brandeis and his cause again prevailed." A newspaper in 1914 describes Brandeis as someone "whose prophecies of disaster to the New Haven Railroad have been fully justified."

2533:, were beginning to question the value of antitrust policies. Some business experts felt that nothing could prevent the concentration of industry and so big business was here to stay. As a result, leaders like Roosevelt began to "regulate" but not to limit the growth and operation of corporate monopolies, but Brandeis wanted the trend to bigness slowed or even reversed. He was convinced that monopolies and trusts were "neither inevitable nor desirable." In support of Brandeis's position were the presidential candidate 2465:

in misery and the temporarily unemployed thrown in together with the mentally ill as well as hardened criminals. Brandeis spent nine months and held fifty-seven public hearings, at one such hearing proclaiming, "Men are not bad. Men are degraded largely by circumstances.... It is the duty of every man... to help them up and let them feel that there is some hope for them in life." As a result of the hearings, the board of aldermen decreed that the administration of the poor law would be completely reorganized.

3362:(1932), Brandeis was to advance an exception to the right of free speech. In this case, a unanimous Court, led by Brandeis, found a clear distinction between advertising placed in newspapers and magazines with those placed on public billboards. The case was a notable exception and dealt with a conflict between widespread First Amendment rights with the public's right of privacy and advanced a theory of the "captive audience." Brandeis delivered the opinion of the Court to advance privacy interests: 1759: 2191: 3512:(NRA) was "the first iteration of Roosevelt's New Deal ... essentially a government-run cartel to fix prices and divide markets ... This was the most radical shift in the relation between government and the private economy in US history." Speaking to aides of Roosevelt, Justice Louis Brandeis remarked that, "This is the end of this business of centralization, and I want you to go back and tell the president that we're not going to let this government centralize everything." 1746: 2589: 7853: 3191:

conviction, they expanded the definition of "clear and present danger" to include the condition that the "evil apprehended is so imminent that it may befall before there is opportunity for full discussion." According to legal historian Anthony Lewis, scholars have lauded Brandeis's opinion "as perhaps the greatest defense of freedom of speech ever written by a member of the high court." In their concurring opinion, they wrote:

2288:

eavesdropping, Brandeis argued that the central, if unarticulated, interest protected in these fields was an interest in personal integrity, "the right to be let alone," that ought to be secured against invasion except for some compelling reason of public welfare. Brandeis saw emotions as a positive expression of human nature, and so desired privacy protection for them as protection against repression of the human spirit.

3746: 8031: 3902: 2855: 2222:, where he worked for two years. He was admitted to the Massachusetts bar without taking an examination, which he later wrote to his brother, was "contrary to all principle and precedent." According to Klebanow and Jonas, "the speed with which he was admitted probably was due to his high standing with his former professors at Harvard Law, as well as to the influence of Chief Justice Gray." 44: 2655:

Boston's citizens warning them that the New Haven "sought to monopolize the transportation of New England." He soon found himself under attack by not only the New Haven but also by many newspapers, magazines, chambers of commerce, Boston bankers, and college professors. "I have made," he wrote to his brother, "more enemies than in all my previous fights together."

2979:

the very heart, with our American ideals of justice and equality of opportunity; of his knowledge of modern economic conditions and of the way they bear upon the masses of the people, or of his genius in getting persons to unite in common and harmonious action and look with frank and kindly eyes into each other's minds, who had before been heated antagonists.

3132:

constitutional heritage rebels at the thought of giving government the power to control men's minds ... Georgia asserts the right to protect the individual's mind from the effects of obscenity. We are not certain that this argument amounts to anything more than the assertion that the State has the right to control the moral content of a person's thoughts.

2619:

policyholders," mostly because of the inefficiency of the industry. He also learned that a little-understood clause in the policies of low-wage workers allowed the policy to be canceled when they missed a payment and that most policies lapsed; only one out of eight policyholders received benefits, which led to large profits for insurance companies.

2767: 2444: 3786:

labor champion, and Zionist leader ... And it was as a judge that his concepts of privacy and free speech ultimately, if posthumously, resulted in virtual legal sea changes that continue to resonate even today." Former Justice William O. Douglas wrote, "he helped America grow to greatness by the dedications of which he made his life."

2786:"confirmed admirer" of Wilson, who he said was likely to make an "ideal president." Wilson thereafter began using the term "regulated competition," the concept that Brandeis had developed, and made it the essence of his program. In September, Wilson asked Brandeis to set forth explicitly how competition can be effectively regulated. 2508:

public's welfare. As a result, he denounced "cut-throat competition" and worried about monopolies. He also became concerned about the plight of workers and was more sympathetic to the labor movement. His earlier legal battles had convinced him that concentrated economic power could have a negative effect on a free society.

3821:

honored him with a stamp image in part because, their announcement states, he was "a progressive and champion of reform, Brandeis devoted his life to social justice. He defended the right of every citizen to speak freely, and his groundbreaking conception of the right to privacy continues to impact legal thought today."

3367:

the adults have the message of the billboard thrust upon them by all the arts and devices that skill can produce. In the case of newspapers and magazines, there must be some seeking by the one who is to see and read the advertisement. The radio can be turned off, but not so the billboard or street car placard.

2174:. The school doctors suggested he give up school entirely. He found another alternative: paying fellow law students to read the textbooks aloud, while he tried to memorize the legal principles. Despite the difficulties, his academic work and memorization talents were impressive. He graduated in 1877 as 3785:

Wayne McIntosh writes of him, "In our national juristic temple, some figures have been accorded near-Olympian reverence ... a part of that legal pantheon is Louis D. Brandeis – all the more so, perhaps because Brandeis was far more than a great justice. He was also a social reformer, legal innovator,

3661:

Early in the war, Jewish leaders determined that they needed to elect a special representative body to attend the peace conference as spokesman for the religious, national and political rights of Jews in certain European countries, especially to guarantee that Jewish minorities were included wherever

2978:

I cannot speak too highly of his impartial, impersonal, orderly, and constructive mind, his rare analytical powers, his deep human sympathy, his profound acquaintance with the historical roots of our institutions and insight into their spirit, or of the many evidences he has given of being imbued, to

2690:

I think you underestimate the forces we are antagonizing.... I believe that we are confronted with the profound politico-economic philosophy, matured in the wood for twenty years, of the finest brain and the most powerful personality in the Democratic party, who happens to be a Justice of the Supreme

2681:

Within a few years, New Haven's finances were undone, just as Brandeis had predicted. By the spring of 1913, the Department of Justice launched a new investigation, and the next year, the Interstate Commerce Commission charged the New Haven with "extravagance and political corruption and its board of

2604:

Instead of holding a position of independence, between the wealthy and the people, prepared to curb the excesses of either, able lawyers have, to a large extent, allowed themselves to become adjuncts of great corporations and have neglected the obligation to use their powers for the protection of the

2464:

In one of his first such cases, in 1894, he represented Alice N. Lincoln, a Boston philanthropist and noted crusader for the poor. He appeared at public hearings to promote investigations into conditions in the public poorhouses. Lincoln, who had visited the poorhouses for years, saw inmates dwelling

2435:

He won his first important victory in 1891, when he persuaded the Massachusetts legislature to make the liquor laws less restrictive and thereby more reasonable and enforceable. He suggested a viable "middle course": by moderating the existing regulations, he told the lawmakers that they would remove

2431:

In 1889, Brandeis entered a new phase in his legal career when his partner, Samuel Warren, withdrew from their partnership to take over his recently deceased father's paper company. Brandeis then took on cases with the help of colleagues, two of whom became partners in 1897 in his new firm: Brandeis,

2302:

Brandeis and Warren discussed "snapshot photography," a recent innovation in journalism, that allowed newspapers to publish photographs and statements of individuals without obtaining their consent. They argued that private individuals were being continually injured and that the practice weakened the

3673:

The following year, however, delegates representing over one million Jews came together in Philadelphia and elected a National Executive Committee with Brandeis as honorary chairman. On April 6, 1917, America entered the war. On June 10, 1917, 335,000 American Jews cast their votes and elected their

3656:

Let no American imagine that Zionism is inconsistent with Patriotism. Multiple loyalties are objectionable only if they are inconsistent. A man is a better citizen of the United States for being also a loyal citizen of his state, and of his city; or for being loyal to his college. ... Every American

3615:, according to some. His involvement provided the nascent American Zionist movement one of the most distinguished men in American life and a friend of the next president. Over the next several years he devoted a great deal of his time, energy, and money to championing the cause. With the outbreak of 3562:

Doctrine, federal courts now must conduct a choice of law analysis, which generally requires that the courts apply the law of the state where the injury or transaction occurred. "This ruling," concluded Klebanow and Jonas, "fits in well with Brandeis's goals of strengthening the states and reversing

3366:

Advertisements of this sort are constantly before the eyes of observers on the streets and in street cars to be seen without the exercise of choice or volition on their part. Other forms of advertising are ordinarily seen as a matter of choice on the part of the observer. The young people as well as

3335:

As McIntosh notes, "the spirit, if not the person, of Louis Brandeis, has continued to stimulate the constitutional mutation of a 'right to privacy.'" These influences have manifested themselves in major decisions relating to everything from abortion rights to the "right to die" controversies. Cases

3011:

Brandeis served on the U.S. Supreme Court for 23 years. On the court, Brandeis continued to be a strong voice for progressivism. He is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential justices in the history of the United States Supreme Court, often being ranked among the very "greatest"

2928:

on the nomination, allowing witnesses to appear before the committee and offer testimony both in support of and in opposition to Brandeis's confirmation. While previous nominees to the Supreme Court had been confirmed or rejected by a simple up-or-down vote on the Senate floor, often on the same day

2751:

One of the hallmarks of the case was Brandeis's minimizing of common-law jurisprudence, in favor of extralegal information relevant to the case. According to the judicial historian Stephen Powers, the "so-called 'Brandeis Brief' became a model for progressive litigation" by taking into consideration

2650:

J. P. Morgan had pursued an expansion policy by acquiring many of the line's competitors to make the New Haven into a single unified network. Its acquisitions included railways, trolleys, and shipping companies. In June 1907, Brandeis was asked by Boston and Maine stockholders to present their cause

2579:

He hated advertising which he said "manipulated" average buyers. He realized that newspapers and magazines were dependent on advertising for their revenues, which caused them to be "less free" than they should be. He said that national advertisers also undermined the traditional relationship between

2571:

Among Brandeis's key themes was the conflict he saw between 19th-century values, with its culture of the small producer, and an emerging 20th-century age of big business and consumerist mass society. Brandeis was hostile to the new consumerism. Though himself a millionaire, Brandeis disliked wealthy

2556:

and the initially lower prices offered by growing companies, but he noted that once a large company drove out its competition, "the quality of its products tended to decline while the prices charged for them tended to go up." Those companies would become "clumsy dinosaurs, which, if they ever had to

2472:

The transit franchise struggle revealed that many of Boston's politicians had placed political friends on the payrolls of the private transit companies. One alderman gave jobs to 200 of his followers. In Boston and other cities, such abuses were part of the corruption in which graft and bribery were

3762:

Throughout his long public career, Louis D. Brandeis consistently pursued one major ideal: that of a liberal progressive society based on democracy and social justice. Brandeis early became convinced that the gigantic trusts which by 1900 had come to dominate large segments of American business not

3241:

The makers of our Constitution undertook to secure conditions favorable to the pursuit of happiness. They recognized the significance of man's spiritual nature, of his feelings and of his intellect. They knew that only part of the pain, pleasure and satisfactions of life are to be found in material

2752:

social and historical realities, rather than just the abstract general principles. He adds that it had "a profound impact on the future of the legal profession" by accepting more broad-based legal information. John Vile added that this new "Brandeis Brief" was increasingly used, most notably in the

2490:

His anti-corruption philosophy was included in his closing argument for the Glavis-Ballinger case of 1910, in which he stated that the public servant "cannot be worthy of the respect and admiration of the people unless they add to the virtue of obedience some other virtues—the virtues of manliness,

2267:

Brandeis was unusual among lawyers since he always turned away cases he considered bad. If he believed a client to be in the wrong, he would persuade his clients to make amends, otherwise he would withdraw from the case. Once, uncertain as to the rightness of his client's case, he wrote the client,

2119:

at age 14 with the highest honors. When he was 16, the Louisville University of the Public Schools awarded him a gold medal for "excellence in all his studies." Anticipating an economic downturn, Adolph Brandeis relocated the family to Europe in 1872. After a period spent traveling, Louis spent two

2025:

had imposed business taxes on Jews. Family elders sent Adolph Brandeis to America to observe and prepare for his family's possible emigration. He spent a few months in the Midwest and was impressed by the nation's institutions and by the tolerance among the people he met. He wrote home to his wife,

1870:

as having accomplished "nothing less than adding a chapter to our law." He was a leading figure in the antitrust movement at the turn of the century, particularly in his resistance to the monopolization of the New England railroad and advice to Woodrow Wilson as a candidate. In his books, articles

3820:

In the Postal Service announcement about the stamp, he was credited with being "the associate justice most responsible for helping the Supreme Court shape the tools it needed to interpret the Constitution in light of the sociological and economic conditions of the 20th century." The Postal Service

2957:

Those in favor of seeing him join the court were just as numerous and influential. Brandeis had many friends who admired his legal acumen in fighting for progressive causes. They mounted a national publicity campaign that marginalized anti-semitic slurs in the legal profession. Supporters included

2654:

After months of extensive research, Brandeis published a 70-page booklet in which he argued that New Haven's acquisitions were putting its financial condition in jeopardy, and he predicted that within a few years, it would be forced to cut its dividends or to become insolvent. He spoke publicly to

2622:

Brandeis then created a "groundswell" in Massachusetts with his campaign to educate the public. His efforts, with the help of progressive businessmen, social reformers, and trade unionists, led to the creation of a new "savings bank life insurance" system. By March 1907, the Savings Bank Insurance

2548:

Brandeis also denied that large trusts were more efficient than the smaller firms driven out of business. He argued the opposite was often true: that monopolistic enterprises became "less innovative" because, he wrote, their "secure positions freed them from the necessity which has always been the

2316:

of Brandeis and Warren set the nation on a legal trajectory of such profound magnitude that it finally transcended its humble beginnings." State courts and legislatures quickly drew on Brandeis and Warren's work. In 1905 the Georgia Supreme Court recognized a right to privacy in a case involving a

1948:

and the right to privacy ever written by a member of the Supreme Court. Some have criticized Brandeis for evading issues related to African-Americans, as he did not author a single opinion on any cases about race during his twenty-three year tenure, and he consistently voted with the Supreme Court

1943:

later wrote, "Brandeis was a militant crusader for social justice whoever his opponent might be. He was dangerous not only because of his brilliance, his arithmetic, his courage. He was dangerous because he was incorruptible ... the fears of the Establishment were greater because Brandeis was the

3716:

directed at Jews in Palestine. In the summer of 1930, these two factions and visions of Zionism would come to a compromise largely on Brandeis's terms, with a changed leadership structure for the ZOA. In the late 1930s he endorsed immigration to Palestine in an effort to help European Jews escape

3627:

for this purpose on August 20, 1914, and Brandeis was elected president of the organization. As president from 1914 to 1918, Brandeis became the leader and spokesperson of American Zionism. He embarked on a speaking tour in the fall and winter of 1914–1915 to garner support for the Zionist cause,

2719:

before the US Supreme Court. At issue was whether it was constitutional for a state law to limit the hours worked by female workers. Until then, it had been considered an "unreasonable infringement of freedom of contract" between employers and their employees for a state to set any wages or hours

2459:

The public is often inadequately represented or wholly unrepresented. That presents a condition of great unfairness to the public. As a result, many bills pass in our legislatures which would not have become law if the public interest had been fairly represented.... Those of you who feel drawn to

2262:

Of course there is an immense amount of litigation going on and a great deal of the time of many lawyers is devoted to litigation. But by far the greater part of the work done by lawyers is not done in court at all, but in advising men in important matters, and mainly in business affairs. ... So,

2202:

After graduation, he stayed on at Harvard for another year, where he continued to study law on his own while also earning a small income by tutoring other law students. In 1878, he was admitted to the Missouri bar and accepted a job with a law firm in St. Louis, where he filed his first brief and

3643:

The Zionists seek to establish this home in Palestine because they are convinced that the undying longing of Jews for Palestine is a fact of deepest significance; that it is a manifestation in the struggle for existence by an ancient people which has established its right to live, a people whose

3519:

of 1937, which proposed to add one additional justice to the Supreme Court for every sitting member who had reached the age of seventy without retiring. "This was," felt Brandeis and others on the Court, a "thinly veiled attempt to change the decisions of the Court by adding new members who were

2949:

According to the legal historian Scott Powe, much of the opposition to Brandeis's appointment also stemmed from "blatant anti-semitism." Taft would accuse Brandeis of using his Judaism to curry political favor, and Wickersham would refer to Brandeis's supporters and Taft's critics as "a bunch of

2723:

Brandeis, however, discovered that earlier Supreme Court cases limited the rights of contract when the contract had "a real or substantial relation to public health or welfare." He, therefore, decided that the best way to present the case would be to demonstrate through an abundance of workplace

2385:

They shunned the more luxurious ways of their class, holding few formal dinner parties and avoiding the luxury hotels when they traveled. Brandeis would never fit the stereotype of the wealthy man. Although he belonged to a polo club, he never played polo. He owned no yacht, just a canoe that he

2307:

That the individual shall have full protection in person and in property is a principle as old as the common law; but it has been found necessary from time to time to define anew the exact nature and extent of such protection. Political, social, and economic changes entail the recognition of new

2254:

He preferred being an adviser and counselor, rather than simply a strategist in lawsuits, which would allow him to advise his clients on how to avoid problems, such as lawsuits, strikes, or other crises. Brandeis explained: "I would rather have clients than be somebody's lawyer." In a note found

2614:

In March 1905, he became counsel to a New England policyholder's committee, which was concerned that its scandal-ridden insurance company would file bankruptcy and that the policyholders would lose their investments and insurance protection. He served without pay to be free to address the wider

2596:

Brandeis was often referred to as "the people's lawyer." He no longer accepted payment for "public interest" cases even when they required pleadings before judges, legislative committees, or administrative agencies. He began to give his opinion by writing magazine articles, making speeches, and

2521:

of the Progressive Era. As early as 1895, he had pointed out the harm that giant corporations could do to competitors, customers, and their own workers. The growth of industrialization was creating mammoth companies, which he felt threatened the well-being of millions of Americans. Although the

3195:

Fear of serious injury cannot alone justify suppression of free speech and assembly. Men feared witches and burnt women. It is the function of free speech to free men from bondage of irrational fears ... Those who won our independence by revolution were not cowards. They did not fear political

2789:

Brandeis did so, and after Wilson's victory that November, he told Brandeis, "You were yourself a great part of the victory." Wilson considered nominating Brandeis first for Attorney General and later for Secretary of Commerce, but backed down after a loud outcry from corporate executives that

2618:

He spent the next year in studying the workings of the life insurance industry, often writing articles and giving speeches about his findings, at one point describing its practices as "legalized robbery." By 1906, he had concluded that life insurance was a "bad bargain for the vast majority of

2561:

We learned long ago that liberty could be preserved only by limiting in some way the freedom of action of individuals; that otherwise liberty would necessarily yield to absolutism; and in the same way we have learned that unless there be regulation of competition, its excesses will lead to the

2287:

of December 15, 1890, on "The Right to Privacy." Stimulated by anger at offensive publicity concerning the social activities of Warren's family, it suggested a new legal concept that has had lasting influence. Building on diverse analogies in the law of defamation, of literary property, and of

2234:

As a partner in his law firm, he worked as a consultant and advisor to businesses, but also as a litigator who enjoyed courtroom challenges. In a letter to his brother, he writes, "There is a certain joy in the exhaustion and backache of a long trial which shorter skirmishes cannot afford." On

3767:

Brandeis lived to see many of the ideas that he had championed become the law of the land. Wages and hours legislation was now accepted as constitutional, and the right of labor to organize was protected by law. His spirited, eloquent defense of free speech and the right of privacy have had a

2962:

told the committee that "Brandeis was one of the great lawyers" and predicted that he would one day rank "with the best who have sat upon the bench of the Supreme Court." Other lawyers who supported him pointed out to the committee that he "had angered some of his clients by his conscientious

2785:

Although originally a La Follette Republican, Brandeis switched to the Democrats and urged his friends and associates to join him. The two men met for the first time at a private conference in New Jersey that August and spent three hours discussing economic issues. Brandeis left the meeting a

2507:

In the 1890s, Brandeis began to question his views on American industrialism, write Klebanow and Jonas. He became aware of the growing number of giant companies which were capable of dominating whole industries. He began to lose faith that the economic system was able to regulate them for the

2230:

The new firm was eventually successful, having gained new clients from within the state and in several neighboring states as well. Their former professors referred a number of clients to the firm, garnering Brandeis more financial security and eventually the freedom to take an active role in

3190:

is notable partly because of the concurring opinion of both Justices Brandeis and Holmes. The case dealt with the prosecution of a woman for aiding the Communist Labor Party, an organization that was promoting the violent overthrow of the government. In their opinion and test to uphold the

3131:

It is now well established that the Constitution protects the right to receive information and ideas ... If the First Amendment means anything, it means that a State has no business telling a man, sitting alone in his own house, what books he may read or what films he may watch. Our whole

2481:

We want a government that will represent the laboring man, the professional man, the businessman, and the man of leisure. We want a good government, not because it is good business but because it is dishonorable to submit to a bad government. The great name, the glory of Boston, is in our

2439:

Brandeis wrote that "the law has everywhere a tendency to lag behind the facts of life." He chipped away at assumptions that legal principles should never be changed. He worked to break the traditional hold on legal thinking to make laws that met the needs of the changing community.

2811:

that suggested ways of curbing the power of large banks and money trusts. In one of those, "What Publicity Can Do", he authored the quote regarding governmental transparency for which he is best remembered, over a century later: "Sunlight is said to be the best of disinfectants."

1944:

first Jew to be named to the Court." On June 1, 1916, he was confirmed by the Senate by a vote of 47 to 22, to become one of the most famous and influential figures ever to serve on the high court. His opinions were, according to legal scholars, some of the "greatest defenses" of

3657:

Jew who aids in advancing the Jewish settlement in Palestine, though he feels that neither he nor his descendants will ever live there, will likewise be a better man and a better American for doing so. There is no inconsistency between loyalty to America and loyalty to Jewry.

5967:"See, too, a discussion of the case in a State Tax Notes Letter to the Editor from Michale Fatale, General Counsel for the Massachusetts Department of Revenue, Fatale, Michael T., Justice Brandeis and State Taxation (April 25, 2022). State Tax Notes, Volume 104, May 2, 2022" 3104:

says Brandeis was "attempting to introduce a notion of privacy which was connected in some fashion to the Constitution ... and which worked in tandem with the First Amendment to assure a freedom of speech within the four brick walls of the citizen's residence." In 1969, in

3340:

credited Brandeis when he wrote, "The entire fabric of the Constitution ... guarantees that the rights to marital privacy and to marry and raise a family are of similar order and magnitude as the fundamental rights specifically protected." Further, in the landmark case of

2685:

In 1934, Brandeis had another legal confrontation with Morgan, this one relating to securities regulation bills. J. P. Morgan's resident economist, Russell Leffingwell, felt it necessary to remind their banker, Tom Lamont, about the person with whom they would be dealing:

2468:

In 1896, he was asked to lead the fight against a Boston transit company, which was trying to gain concessions from the state legislature that would have given it control over the city's emerging subway system. Brandeis prevailed, and the legislature enacted his bill.

2166:

In a letter while at Harvard, he wrote of his "desperate longing for more law" and of the "almost ridiculous pleasure which the discovery or invention of a legal theory gives me." He referred to the law as his "mistress," holding a grip on him that he could not break.

3026:

While on the Court Brandeis kept politically active behind the scenes, as was then acceptable. He was an advisor to Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal through intermediaries. Many of his disciples held influential jobs, especially in the Justice Department. Brandeis and

2083:

I believe that only goodness and truth and conduct that is humane and self-sacrificing toward those who need us can bring God nearer to us ... I wanted to give my children the purest spirit and the highest ideals as to morals and love. God has blessed my endeavors.

2486:

In 1906, Brandeis won a modest victory when the state legislature enacted a measure he drafted designed to make it a punishable crime for a public official to solicit a job from a regulated public utility or for an officer of such a company to offer such favors.

2111:

Louis grew up in "a family enamored with books, music, and politics, perhaps best typified by his revered uncle, Lewis Dembitz, a refined, educated man who served as a delegate to the Republican convention in 1860 that nominated Abraham Lincoln for president."

2386:

would paddle by himself on the fast-flowing river that adjoined his cottage in Dedham. He wrote to his brother of his brief trips to Dedham: "Dedham is a spring of eternal youth for me. I feel newly made and ready to deny the existence of these gray hairs."

2147:

at the age of 18. His admiration for the wide learning and debating skills of his uncle, Lewis Dembitz, inspired him to study law. Despite the fact that he entered the school without any financial help from his family, he became "an extraordinary student".

3797:, writes in a Letter to the Editor in State Tax Notes that Justice Brandeis' contributions in the field of State Taxation are underappreciated. Justice Brandeis laid the foundation for the modern approach to state taxation of income in his opinion in the 3725: 5954:

Comstock, Alzada (1921). State Taxation of Personal Incomes. Volume CI, Number 1, or Whole Number 229, of Studies in History, Economics and Public Law edited by the Faculty of Political Science of Columbia University. New York: Columbia University, pgs

3242:

things. They sought to protect Americans in their beliefs, their thoughts, their emotions and their sensations. They conferred against the government, the right to be let alone—the most comprehensive of rights and the right most valued by civilized men.

2182:. Brandeis achieved the highest grade point average in the history of the school, a record that stood for eight decades. Brandeis said of that period: "Those years were among the happiest of my life. I worked! For me, the world's center was Cambridge." 2399:, and he used the law as the instrument for social change. From 1897 to 1916, he was heavily involved with multiple reform crusades. He fought in Boston to secure honest traction franchises and, in 1907 launched a six-year fight to prevent the banker 5142: 1898:

When his family's finances became secure, he began devoting most of his time to public causes, and he was later dubbed the "People's Lawyer." He insisted on taking cases without pay so that he would be free to address the wider issues involved.

2793:

Nevertheless, during Wilson's first year as president, Brandeis was instrumental in shaping the new Federal Reserve Act. His arguments had been decisive in breaking deadlock on banking issues. Wilson endorsed Brandeis's proposals and those of

2605:

people. We hear much of the "corporation lawyer," and far too little of the "people's lawyer." The great opportunity of the American Bar is and will be to stand again as it did in the past, ready to protect also the interests of the people.

2250:

Before taking on business clients, he insisted they agree to two major conditions: that he would only deal with the person in charge, never intermediaries, and he could be allowed to advise on any relevant aspects of the firm's affairs.

2974:, testifying to his own personal estimation of the nominee's character and abilities. He called his nominee's advice "singularly enlightening, singularly clear-sighted and judicial, and, above all, full of moral stimulation." He added: 2739:

directly credited Brandeis with demonstrating "a widespread belief that woman's physical structure and the functions that she performs ... justify special legislation." Thomas Mason wrote that with the Supreme Court affirming Oregon's

2516:

Brandeis was becoming increasingly conscious of and hostile to powerful corporations and the trend toward bigness in American industry and finance. He argued that great size conflicted with efficiency and added a new dimension to the

6404:

arrived in Jaffa harbor with money and supplies provided by Schiff, the American Jewish Committee, and the Provisional Executive Committee for General Zionist Affairs, then acting for the WZO, which had been rendered impotent by the

3347:, one of the most controversial and politically significant cases in U.S. Supreme Court history, the Court wrote, "This right of privacy ... is broad enough to encompass a woman's decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy." 1883:, he criticized the power of large banks, money trusts, powerful corporations, monopolies, public corruption, and mass consumerism, all of which he felt were detrimental to American values and culture. He later became active in the 2376:

Alice supported her husband's resolve to devote most of his time to public causes. The Brandeis family "lived well but without extravagance." With the continuing success of his law practice, they later purchased a vacation house in

2381:, where they would spend many of their weekends and summer vacations. Unexpectedly, his wife's health soon became frail, and so in addition to his professional duties, he found it necessary to manage the family's domestic affairs. 2020:

had produced a series of political upheavals and the families, though politically liberal and sympathetic to the rebels, were shocked by the antisemitic riots that erupted in Prague while the rebels controlled it. In addition, the

2317:

photograph of the plaintiff published without his consent in an advertisement with a misattributed quotation. By 1909, California, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Utah had passed statutes establishing the right. In 1939 the

2046:

The Brandeis family were considered a "cultured family", trying not to discuss business or money during dinner, preferring subjects related to history, politics, and culture, or their daily lives. Having been raised partly on

3224:(1928), Brandeis relied on thoughts he developed in his 1890 Harvard Law Review article "The Right to Privacy." But in his dissent, he now changed the focus whereby he urged making personal privacy matters more relevant to 2782:, felt that trusts were inevitable and should be regulated, Wilson and his party aimed to "destroy the trusts" by ending special privileges, such as protective tariffs and unfair business practices that made them possible. 3144:

The first modern state income tax was adopted by Wisconsin in 1911 (in effect in 1912). It wasn't long before the Court had a chance to consider the tax's Constitutionality. Justice Brandeis wrote the unanimous opinion in

6238: 6196: 6154: 4576: 2473:

common, and in some cases, even newly freed felons resumed their political careers. "Always the moralist," writes biographer Thomas Mason, "Brandeis declared that 'misgovernment in Boston had reached the danger point.

3861:. Several awards given at the school are named in his honor. A collection of his personal papers is available at the Robert D. Farber University Archives & Special Collections Department at Brandeis University. 3336:

dealing with a state ban on the dissemination of birth control information expanded on Brandeis by including an individual's "body," not just her "personality," as part of her right to privacy. In another case,

3737:, in Louisville, Kentucky. Brandeis himself made the arrangements that made the law school one of only thirteen Supreme Court repositories in the U.S. His professional papers are archived at the library there. 2078:

holiday. His parents raised their children to be "high-minded idealists" rather than depending solely on religion for their purpose and inspiration. In later years, his mother, Frederika, wrote of this period:

2580:

consumers and local businesses. He urged journalists to "teach the public to look with suspicion upon every advertised article" so that they would not suffer from marketing manipulation by giant corporations.

7680: 5139: 3232:

was the use of wiretap technology to gather evidence. Referring to this "dirty business," he then tried to combine the notions of civil privacy and the "right to be let alone" with the right offered by the

3083:

decision in 1927). These dissents were most noteworthy in cases dealing with the free speech rights of defendants who had expressed opposition to the military draft. Justice Holmes developed the concept of

2211:. They were close friends at Harvard, where Warren ranked second in the class to Brandeis's first. Warren also came from a wealthy Boston family and their new firm benefitted from his family's connections. 7709: 5452: 2037:

beliefs that angered their Louisville neighbors. Louis's father developed a grain-merchandising business. Worries about the U.S. economy took the family back to Europe in 1872, but they returned in 1875.

3465:, which went against everything Brandeis had ever preached in opposition to the concepts of 'bigness' and 'centralization' in the federal government and the need to return to the states." In one case, 6086:

A decision may turn on whether one gives that amendment a place second to none in the Bill of Rights, or considers it on the whole a kind of a nuisance, a serious impediment in the war against crime.

3733:

Brandeis retired from the Supreme Court on February 13, 1939, and he died on October 5, 1941, aged 84. Both Brandeis and his wife are interred beneath the portico of the Brandeis School of Law of the

5288: 3475:

unconstitutional. The act prevented mortgage-holding banks from foreclosing on their property for five years and forced struggling farmers to continue paying based on a court-ordered schedule. "The

5162: 2836:. Brandeis also served as Wilson's chief economic adviser from 1912 until 1916. "Above all else," writes McCraw, "Brandeis exemplified the anti-bigness ethic without which there would have been no 2491:

of truth, of courage, of willingness to risk positions, of the willingness to risk criticism, of the willingness to risk the misunderstanding that so often comes when people do the heroic thing."

5846:"thought it appropriate for a federal judge to offer private advice, as he so frequently did with Theodore Roosevelt, so long as there was no prominent public identification with the cause." See 4452: 4030:' Louis D. Brandeis High School, named for the justice and dissolved in 2012, though the building, which houses several smaller educational units, is now called the Brandeis High School Campus. 2552:

He explained that an executive could not ever learn all the details of running a huge and unwieldy company. "There is a limit to what one man can do well," he wrote. Brandeis was aware of the

2477:" He declared that from then on he would keep a record of good and bad political deeds, which would be open to all Boston voters. In one of his public addresses in 1903, he stated his goal: 2880: 2357:

In 1890, Brandeis became engaged to his second cousin Alice Goldmark, of New York. He was then 34 years of age and had previously found little time for courtship. Alice was the daughter of

7402:

Coyle, Erin, Elisabeth Fondren, and Joby Richard. "Advocacy, Editorial Opinion, and Agenda Building: How Publicity Friends Fought for Louis D. Brandeis’s 1916 Supreme Court Confirmation."

6641: 3520:

supporters of the New Deal," leading historian Nelson Dawson to conclude that "Brandeis ... was not alone in thinking that Roosevelt's scheme threatened the integrity of the institution."

2724:

facts, "a clear connection between the health and morals of female workers" and the hours that they were required to work. To accomplish that, he filed what has become known today as the "

2597:

helping form interest groups. He insisted on serving without pay so that he could freely address the wider issues involved beyond the case at hand, rather than direct financial incentive.

5597:

Erin Coyle, Elisabeth Fondren, and Joby Richard. "Advocacy, Editorial Opinion, and Agenda Building: How Publicity Friends Fought for Louis D. Brandeis’s 1916 Supreme Court Confirmation."

2798:

William Jennings Bryan, both of whom felt that the banking system needed to be democratized and its currency issued and controlled by the government. They convinced Congress to enact the

2460:

that profession may rest assured that you will find in it an opportunity for usefulness probably unequaled. There is a call upon the legal profession to do a great work for this country.

2151:

During his time at Harvard, the teaching of law was undergoing a change of method from the traditional, memorization-reliant, "black-letter" case law, to a more flexible and interactive

2070:

In their religious beliefs, although his family was Jewish, only his extended family practiced a more conservative form of Judaism, while his parents practiced the split-off movement of

5890:, váz. kniha, 219 str., vydalo nakladatelství Paris Karviná, Žižkova 2379 (734 01 Karviná) ve spolupráci s Masarykovým demokratickým hnutím (Masaryk Democratic Movement, Prague), 2019, 4986: 2966:

In May, when the Senate Judiciary Committee asked the Attorney General to provide the letters of endorsement that traditionally accompanied a Supreme Court nomination, Attorney General

5735: 2929:

on which the President had sent the nomination to the Senate, a then-unprecedented four months lapsed between Wilson's nomination of Brandeis and the Senate's final confirmation vote.

3782:, his early law clerk, was "impressed by a man whose personal code called for ... the zealous molding of the lives of the underprivileged so that paupers might achieve moral growth." 3635:" in Europe and Russia, while at the same time a way to "revive the Jewish spirit." He explained his belief in the importance of Zionism in a famous speech he gave at a conference of 9806: 4166: 4158: 2346: 8946: 8738: 8754: 8722: 3833: 2104:

activities. Brandeis later changed his middle name from David to Dembitz in honor of his uncle, and through his uncle's model of social activism, became an active member of the

8962: 5925: 4231: 3504:(NIRA) unconstitutional on the grounds that it gave the president "unfettered discretion" to make whatever laws he thought were needed for economic recovery. Economics author 3019:, since he did not author a single opinion on any cases about race during his twenty-three year tenure, and consistently voted with the court majority including in support of 8930: 8914: 8898: 8866: 8818: 5692: 4236: 3648:

He also explained his belief that Zionism and patriotism were compatible concepts and should not lead to charges of "dual loyalty" which worried the rabbis and the dominant

8882: 8834: 8802: 8786: 8770: 6667: 4246: 3623:

impotent. American Jews then assumed a larger responsibility independent of Zionists in Europe. The Provisional Executive Committee for Zionist Affairs was established in

2159:

to instruct students in legal reasoning. Brandeis easily adapted to the new methods, becoming active in class discussions, and joined the Pow-Wow club, similar to today's

2778:

made it a central issue, part of the larger debate over the future of the economic system and the role of the national government. While the Progressive Party candidate,

9761: 8995: 8850: 8063: 6287:

Harry Hopkins, "Statement to Me by Thomas Corcoran Giving His Recollections of the Genesis of the Supreme Court Fight," April 3, 1939, typescript in Harry Hopkins Papers

4241: 2970:

found that there were none. Wilson had made the nomination on the basis of personal knowledge. In reply to the committee, Wilson wrote a letter to the chairman, Senator

1842: 55: 8706: 8103: 4226: 3299:

espoused the cause of privacy – the right to be let alone. What he wrote is an historic statement of that point of view. I cannot improve on it." And in 1963, Justice

6561: 6073: 5638: 5504: 2678:

in Boston, New Haven's president "admitted that the railroad had maintained a floating slush fund that was used to make 'donations' to politicians who cooperated."

2327:

also recognized a right to privacy at common law. Years later, after becoming a justice of the Supreme Court, Brandeis discussed the right to privacy in his famous

3631:

Unlike the majority of American Jews at the time, he felt that the re-creation of a Jewish national homeland was one of the key solutions to antisemitism and the "

2732:, the first Supreme Court ruling to accept the legitimacy of a scientific examination of the social conditions, in addition to the legal facts involved in a case. 7530: 5447: 6847: 6267: 6043: 5424: 4145: 3925: 3467: 2369:. They were married on March 23, 1891, at the home of her parents in New York City in a civil ceremony. The newlywed couple moved into a modest home in Boston's 2121: 7694: 4537: 2942:

claimed that having been a noted "reformer" for so many years, he would lack the "dispassionate temperament that is required of a judge." Brandeis's successor,

2631:

While still involved with the life insurance industry, he took on another public interest case: the struggle to prevent New England's largest railroad company,

3291:

openly declared that he had been wrong about his earlier tolerance of wiretapping and wrote, "I now more fully appreciate the vice of the practices spawned by

1879: 7943: 5285: 3551:(1842), and held that there was no such thing as a "federal general common law" in cases involving diversity jurisdiction. This concept became known as the 7993: 6772: 5391: 2884: 5159: 9751: 4251: 1516: 4412: 4116: 2748:

wrote years later, "Brandeis usually sided with the workers; he put their cause in noble words and the merits of their claims with shattering clarity."

6951: 4444: 3234: 2817: 2135:, Germany, where he excelled. He later credited his capacity for critical thinking and his desire to study law in the United States to his time there. 1873: 6498: 4179: 2639:. His foes were the most powerful he had ever encountered, including the region's most affluent families, Boston's legal establishment, and the large 7979:: hearings before the subcommittee of the committee on the Judiciary of the Senate February 9, 1916 ..., Volumes 1–21, 1219 pages at book dot Google. 6319: 3476: 3303:

joined with these earlier opinions taking the position that "the Brandeis point of view" was well within the longstanding tradition of American law.

3400:

is usually the wise policy, because, in most matters, it is more important that the applicable rule of law be settled than that it be settled right.

9731: 3162: 2263:

some of the ablest American lawyers of this generation, after acting as professional advisers of great corporations, became finally their managers.

1391: 2946:, many years later, wrote that the nomination of Brandeis "frightened the Establishment" because he was "a militant crusader for social justice." 6637: 6454: 6349: 1403: 3808:

in September 2009 honored Brandeis by featuring his image on a new set of commemorative stamps along with U.S. Supreme Court associate justices

3712:. His ouster was devastating to the movement, and by 1929 there were no more than 18,000 members in the ZOA. Nonetheless, he remained active in 3332:

Wayne McIntosh adds, "A quarter-century after his death, another component of Justice Brandeis's privacy design was enshrined in American law."

2938:

wrote of Brandeis, "In all the anti-corporation agitation of the past, one name stands out... where others were radical, he was rabid." And the

1905:

magazine called him "A Robin Hood of the law." Among his notable early cases were actions fighting railroad monopolies, defending workplace and

8096: 2774:

Brandeis's positions on regulating large corporations and monopolies carried over into the presidential campaign of 1912. Democratic candidate

7998: 4981: 6470: 6392: 5724: 3115:

succeeded in linking the right of privacy with freedom of speech and making it part of the constitutional structure, quoting from Brandeis's

5534: 4882: 2283:

Brandeis defined modern notions of the individual right to privacy in a path-breaking article he published with his partner, Warren, in the

6787: 4349: 4054:, a "Jewish law society ... dedicated to advancing and enriching the personal and professional interests of members of the Bench and Bar." 2983:

A month later, on June 1, the Senate confirmed his nomination by a vote of 47 to 22. Forty-four Democratic Senators and three Republicans (

2958:

attorneys, social workers, and reformers with whom he had worked on cases, and they testified eagerly on his behalf. Harvard law professor

2203:

published his first law review article. After seven months, he tired of the minor casework and accepted an offer by his Harvard classmate,

7233: 3479:," he declared, "commands that however great the Nation's need, private property shall not be thus taken over without just compensation." 2029:

The Brandeis family chose to settle in Louisville partly because it was a prosperous river port. His earliest childhood was shaped by the

9781: 9771: 6728: 5978: 5865: 5808: 3408:

descended from Brandeis's formulation would later split into strong and weak forms as a result of the disagreement between Chief Justice

2115:

In school, Louis was a serious student in languages and other basic courses and usually achieved top scores. Brandeis graduated from the

7155:

Brandeis and the Progressive Constitution: Erie, the Judicial Power, and the Politics of the Federal Courts in Twentieth-Century America

6987: 5352: 5058: 4317: 4205: 4192: 3545:

where the parties to a lawsuit are from different states. Writing for the Court, Brandeis overruled the ninety-six-year-old doctrine of

2790:

Brandeis had earlier opposed in court battles. Wilson concluded that Brandeis was too controversial a figure to appoint to his cabinet.

2576:

or were ostentatious. He did little shopping himself, and unlike his wealthy friends who owned yachts, he was satisfied with his canoe.

2436:

liquor dealers' incentive to violate or to corrupt the laws. The legislature was won over by his arguments and changed the regulations.

9776: 5476: 2366: 7333:

Brandes, Evan B. (2005). "Legal Theory and Property Jurisprudence of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. and Louis D. Brandeis: An Analysis of

7282:

Bernstein, David (2014). "From Progressivism to Modern Liberalism: Louis D. Brandeis as a Transitional Figure in Constitutional Law".

6420: 8662: 8089: 5769: 2404: 2236: 1438: 1375: 5920: 4197: 9801: 7965: 6017: 4482: 3491: 2651:

to the public, a case that he again took on by insisting on serving without payment, "leaving him free to act as he thought best."

1551: 1370: 498: 230: 7990: (archived May 5, 2008) A full-text searchable online database with complete access to publications written by Louis Brandeis. 5703: 4278: 9726: 3977: 3020: 2849: 2699:

wrote, "For the House of Morgan, Louis Brandeis was more than just a critic, he was an adversary of almost mythical proportion."

1950: 1932: 1790: 1473: 1397: 1385: 7983: 6663: 4374: 9721: 9716: 9701: 3906: 1725: 287: 6693: 3127:

concurrence, and adding his own conclusions from the case at hand, which dealt with the issue of viewing pornography at home:

9711: 6232: 6190: 6148: 5895: 5052: 4570: 4041: 3516: 2900: 1705: 4853: 3789:

Michael Fatale, General Counsel for the Massachusetts Department of Revenue and Adjunct Professor of state taxation at both

3537:

His last important judicial opinion was also one of the most significant of his career, according to Klebanow and Jonas. In

2557:

face real competition, would collapse of their own weight." He said in an address to the Economic Club of New York in 1912:

6750: 5631: 5501: 3994: 2659: 2008:). They emigrated as part of their extended families for both economic and political reasons. His extended family included 6553: 6061: 4560: 3246:

In succeeding years his right of privacy concepts gained powerful disciples who relied on his dissenting opinion: Justice

9756: 9706: 9696: 9213: 9201: 2825: 2373:

district and had two daughters, Susan Brandeis Gilbert, born in 1893, and Elizabeth Brandeis Rauschenbush, born in 1896.

9791: 9746: 8685: 8672: 7502: 6596: 3838: 2861:

depicting a "Chorus of Grief Stricken Conservatives" as the Brandeis appointment dismays "kept" journalism, privilege,

1936: 1846: 292: 6839: 6264: 6038: 5663: 5421: 4129: 4100: 2271:

Brandeis and Warren's firm has been in continuous practice in Boston since its founding in 1879; the firm is known as

9736: 7907: 7884: 7842: 7818: 7797: 7778: 7759: 7691: 7272: 6877: 6823: 5859: 5802: 5346: 4766: 4521: 4311: 4108: 3988: 3059:

and into the 1920s, and this conservatism was reflected in decisions of the Supreme Court. Both Brandeis and Justice

2954:

privately complained, "If it were not that Brandeis is a Jew, and a German Jew, he would never have been appointed".

2423:, saying: "We may have democracy, or we may have wealth concentrated in the hands of a few, but we can't have both." 2420: 2034: 1380: 17: 6717:"Fatale, Michael T., Justice Brandeis and State Taxation (April 25, 2022). State Tax Notes, Volume 104, May 2, 2022" 4824: 3595:

when he dissented with the majority opinion to express that political dissent was protected by the First Amendment.

2291:

Between 1888 and 1890, Brandeis and his law partner, Samuel Warren, wrote three scholarly articles published in the

9786: 9261: 8112: 6519: 3509: 3501: 3439: 3385:, one of the most distinctive principles of the common law legal system. In his widely cited dissenting opinion in 3063:

often dissented and became known for consistently challenging the majority's view. (However, both men approved the

3031:(who served together very briefly on the Court) often collaborated on political issues. In October 1918, he helped 2911: 2795: 2647:, the "most powerful of all American bankers and probably the most dominating figure in all of American business." 1556: 1360: 167: 162: 4949: 3801:

case. That foundation, in turn, has had important application in the global taxation of income of multinationals.

3389:(1932), Brandeis "catalogued the Court’s actual overruling practices in such a powerful manner that his attendant 7606:

Urofsky, Melvin I. (1985). "State Courts and Protective Legislation during the Progressive Era: A Reevaluation".

3882: 3794: 3701: 3608: 3457:

According to John Vile, in the final years of his career, like the rest of the Court, he "initially combated the

1710: 1536: 238: 6342:"Free speech wasn't so free 103 years ago, when 'seditious' and 'unpatriotic' speech was criminalized in the US" 1925:

from people in other professions to support his case, thereby setting a new precedent in evidence presentation.

9021: 7860: 7160: 3681:

Brandeis also brought his influence to bear on the Wilson administration in the negotiations leading up to the

2675: 1863: 1501: 415: 270: 7944:

Revisiting the Tenure of Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis, the 'Jewish Jefferson' (NPR's "Fresh Air" 2016)

3628:

emphasizing the goal of self-determination and freedom for Jews through the development of a Jewish homeland.

2891:. His nomination was bitterly contested and denounced by conservative Republicans, including former President 2214:

Soon after returning to Boston, while waiting for the law firm to gain clients, he was appointed law clerk to

8655: 8259: 4396: 4186: 4173: 4033: 3825: 3532: 3443: 2170:

His eyesight began failing as a result of the large volume of required reading and the poor visibility under

1511: 1506: 7948: 9766: 6506: 4027: 3768:

continuing, powerful influence upon the Supreme Court and, ultimately, upon the life of the entire nation.

3686: 3281: 3158: 2662:

ruled that New Haven had acted illegally during earlier acquisitions. Brandeis met twice with US President

2451:

Part of his reasoning and philosophy for acting as a public advocate was later explained in his 1911 book,

2235:

November 6, 1889, he argued for the first time before the U.S. Supreme Court as the Eastern counsel of the

1644: 1468: 6311: 5657:

Supreme Court Nominations, 1789 to 2020: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President

3258:

referred to the Fourth Amendment as the "protection of the right to be let alone," as in the 1947 case of

2074:. They celebrated the main Christian holidays along with most of their community, treating Christmas as a 9796: 9075: 7954: 7548: 3969: 2925: 2754: 2219: 2116: 1975: 1783: 1541: 1365: 265: 9741: 8394: 7320:

Bobertz, Bradley C. (1999). "The Brandeis Gambit: The Making of America's 'First Freedom,' 1909–1931".

7202: 6583:

Kelly, Alfred H. (1996). "Brandeis, Louis Dembitz". In Garraty, John A.; Sternstein, Jerome L. (eds.).

3620: 3000: 2921: 2824:

He also urged the Wilson administration to develop proposals for new antitrust legislation to give the

2272: 1521: 463: 6451: 6341: 3955:, founded 1937. "Ein Hashofet" means "Spring of the Judge", a name chosen to honor Brandeis's Zionism. 3228:, going so far as saying "the government identified ... as a potential privacy invader." At issue in 2658:

However, in 1908, the New Haven's proposed merger was dealt "several stunning blows." Among them, the

2268:"The position that I should take if I remained in the case would be to give everybody a square deal." 9311: 8640: 8334: 8329: 4012: 3998: 3790: 3649: 3220: 3209: 3117: 3064: 3060: 2636: 2333: 1355: 701: 7303:

Blasi, Vincent (1988). "The First Amendment and the Ideal of Civic Courage: The Brandeis Opinion in

5208: 4508:

Militant Messiah, Or, the Flight from the Ghetto: the Story of Jacob Frank and the Frankist Movement

2526:

was enacted in 1890, it was not until the 20th century that there was any major effort to apply it.

2255:

among his papers, he reminded himself to "advise client on what he should have, not what he wants."

9243: 9045: 8648: 8519: 8209: 7546:

Spillenger, Clyde (1992). "Reading the Judicial Canon: Alexander Bickel and the Book of Brandeis".

6588: 3910: 3878: 3734: 3675: 3541:(1938), the Supreme Court addressed the issue of whether federal judges apply state law or federal 3085: 3073: 2907: 2833: 2667: 2542: 2126: 1914: 1297: 390: 297: 5618: 5524: 9681: 9495: 9483: 9177: 9171: 9069: 8599: 8339: 8214: 7970: 7124:

Prophets of Regulation: Charles Francis Adams, Louis D. Brandeis, James M. Landis, Alfred E. Kahn

4878: 3591: 3337: 3307: 3260: 3032: 2573: 1716: 1611: 1428: 1139: 7994:

University of Louisville, Louis D. Brandeis School of Law Library – Louis D. Brandeis Collection

6791: 3674:

delegates who, together with representatives of some 30 national organizations, established the

9557: 9489: 9361: 9039: 8829: 8584: 8514: 8429: 7230: 4072: 4005: 3858: 3817: 3678:

on a democratically elected basis, but further efforts to organize awaited the end of the war.

3300: 3136: 3101: 2534: 2318: 2093: 1910: 1892: 1888: 1776: 1418: 1257: 1044: 839: 756: 726: 636: 606: 601: 523: 493: 335: 7295: 6724: 6716: 5974: 5966: 5849: 5792: 4346: 2895:, whose credibility was damaged by Brandeis in early court battles in which he called Taft a " 2600:

In an address to Harvard law students, he suggested that they should try to serve the people:

2415:

in 1906, he devised the Massachusetts plan to protect small wage-earners through savings bank

9635: 9385: 9292: 9237: 9207: 9195: 9117: 8825: 8534: 8504: 8234: 8194: 8169: 8081: 6389: 6220: 6178: 6136: 5336: 5042: 4301: 3585: 3580: 3482: 3462: 3181: 3123: 2640: 2523: 2378: 1585: 1566: 1433: 1413: 1302: 1169: 1049: 1019: 746: 556: 468: 385: 5472: 2744:, Brandeis "became the leading defender in the courts of protective labor legislation." As 250: 9691: 9686: 9391: 9336: 9329: 9273: 9231: 8857: 8564: 8474: 8454: 8399: 8289: 7930: 6424: 4221: 4084: 3093: 2903: 2499: 2323: 1967: 1763: 1292: 949: 716: 488: 395: 360: 281: 134: 9655: 8975: 5794:

Power Plays: Critical Events in the Institutionalization of the Tennessee Valley Authority

5725:"A Consequential Friendship: President Wilson and Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis" 2995:) voted in favor of confirming Brandeis. Twenty-one Republican senators and one Democrat ( 2033:, which forced the family to seek safety temporarily in Indiana. The Brandeis family held 8: 9587: 9537: 9423: 9411: 9349: 9343: 9323: 9165: 8841: 8579: 8549: 8459: 8434: 8374: 8314: 8264: 8249: 7924: 7350: 7001: 6913: 5761: 5433: 4065: 3973: 3870: 3854: 3805: 3682: 3663: 3237:

which disallowed unreasonable search and seizure. Brandeis wrote in his lengthy dissent:

3166: 2996: 2967: 2934: 2892: 2799: 2736: 2518: 2419:. He supported the conservation movement; in 1910, he emerged as the chief figure in the 2370: 2204: 2017: 1686: 1672: 1526: 1478: 1423: 1287: 1267: 1054: 761: 616: 576: 365: 355: 275: 7141:

The Brandeis/Frankfurter Connection: The Secret Activities of Two Supreme Court Justices

6906: 6013: 5831:

The Brandeis/Frankfurter Connection: The Secret Activities of Two Supreme Court Justices

5612: 4474: 3865: 9435: 9373: 9189: 9057: 8509: 8309: 8164: 8149: 8073: 7874: 7808: 7748: 7731: 7659: 7623: 7594: 7565: 7522: 7473: 7456: 7374: 7220: 7136: 7107: 6995: 6260: 5399: 5267: 4274: 4137: 4037: 3505: 3418: 3350: 3288: 3225: 3215: 3107: 2984: 2943: 2807: 2779: 2745: 2663: 2632: 2553: 2530: 2328: 2144: 2030: 2001: 1940: 1858: 1637: 1277: 1204: 1174: 1159: 1144: 1039: 631: 611: 566: 508: 440: 209: 102: 7859: 7148:

Brandeis: An Intimate Biography of One of America's Truly Great Supreme Court Justices

9629: 9551: 9544: 9525: 9453: 9429: 9379: 9285: 9279: 9255: 9219: 9129: 9123: 8937: 8569: 8524: 8359: 8349: 8294: 8279: 8244: 8129: 8007: 7903: 7896: 7880: 7838: 7832: 7814: 7793: 7774: 7755: 7598: 7590: 7451: 7378: 7291: 7268: 7194: 7182: 7117: 7034: 6819: 6766: 6720: 6592: 6228: 6186: 6144: 5970: 5891: 5855: 5798: 5342: 5271: 5263: 5048: 4762: 4566: 4529: 4404: 4366: 4307: 4078: 3813: 3709: 3472: 3413: 3409: 3255: 3112: 3028: 2971: 2951: 2858: 1945: 1750: 1327: 1312: 1164: 1024: 994: 776: 586: 370: 345: 3893:

until it was renamed in 2007. The law school's Louis D. Brandeis Society awards the

2096:. Unlike other members of the extended Brandeis family, Dembitz regularly practiced 1841:; November 13, 1856 – October 5, 1941) was an American lawyer who served as an 9465: 9299: 8921: 8729: 8409: 8364: 8299: 8229: 8144: 8016: 7792:(2nd ed.). (Supreme Court Historical Society, Congressional Quarterly Books). 7651: 7615: 7586: 7557: 7514: 7465: 7423: 7366: 6689: 6523: 5259: 3929: 3603:

Relatively late in life the secular Brandeis also became a prominent figure in the

3523: 3431: 3016: 2992: 2988: 2741: 2715: 2105: 1922: 1884: 1853: 1809: 1630: 1229: 1219: 1214: 984: 939: 914: 859: 824: 781: 626: 621: 420: 350: 330: 151: 7642:

Vose, Clement E. (1957). "The National Consumers' League and the Brandeis Brief".

7577:

Urofsky, Melvin I. (2005). "Louis D. Brandeis: Advocate Before and On the Bench".

6461:, Speech given at a Conference of Eastern Council of Reform Rabbis, April 25, 1915 5250:

Urofsky, Melvin I. (2005). "Louis D. Brandeis: Advocate Before and On the Bench".

3449: 2899:". Further opposition came from members of the legal profession, including former 9623: 9605: 9581: 9569: 9513: 9447: 9398: 9267: 9183: 9147: 9015: 8941: 8873: 8809: 8777: 8733: 8629: 8624: 8609: 8544: 8494: 8479: 8389: 8369: 8204: 8189: 8154: 7987: 7750:

Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court

7698: 7237: 6991: 6929:. Solomon Goldman, Ed. (Washington, D.C.: Zionist Organization of America, 1942) 6475: 6458: 6396: 6271: 6047: 5929: 5693:"The Appointment of Louis D. Brandeis, First Jewish Justice on the Supreme Court" 5642: 5508: 5456: 5428: 5292: 5166: 5146: 4990: 4953: 4846: 4353: 4152: 4123: 4088: 3981: 3750: 3705: 3435: 2888: 2871: 2412: 2396: 2362: 2358: 2244: 2156: 2152: 2022: 2005: 1658: 1317: 1272: 1209: 1194: 1089: 1084: 1064: 1014: 989: 979: 964: 904: 879: 864: 766: 751: 741: 671: 651: 646: 596: 513: 425: 8003: 3571:

In 1919, Brandeis sided with the unanimous majority on the court in ruling that

2443: 2295:. The third, "The Right to Privacy," was the most important, with legal scholar 2247:

recommended him to a friend as the best attorney he knew of in the Eastern U.S.

9593: 9563: 9531: 9501: 9477: 9459: 9317: 9305: 9105: 9099: 9087: 9027: 8889: 8793: 8761: 8749: 8717: 8619: 8614: 8574: 8539: 8484: 8439: 8354: 8274: 8269: 8199: 7982:

Harvard University Library Open Collections Program. Women Working, 1870–1930,

7976: 7828: 7810:

The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions

7485: 5238:

The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance

3894: 3693: 3636: 3632: 3572: 3547: 3438:, Brandeis was considered to be in the liberal wing of the court—the so-called 3319: 3265: 3036: 3015:

Some have criticized Brandeis for having, as a judge, evaded issues related to

2775: 2725: 2708: 2702: 2416: 2179: 2089: 2048: 1983: 1979: 1929: 1918: 1450: 1332: 1282: 1262: 1247: 1224: 1154: 1124: 1114: 1099: 1009: 999: 969: 959: 929: 844: 791: 731: 571: 435: 430: 380: 340: 78: 7427: 3371: 2766: 9675: 9355: 9159: 9153: 9141: 9033: 9008: 8957: 8745: 8713: 8464: 8424: 8414: 8384: 8379: 8324: 8284: 8254: 8139: 7435: 7026: 6960:

Half Brother, Half Son: The Letters of Louis D. Brandeis to Felix Frankfurter

4533: 4408: 3958: 3770: 3624: 3612: 3552: 3381: 3269: 3035:

to create the "Washington Declaration" for the founding of a new independent

2917:

of New York, who claimed Brandeis was "unfit" to serve on the Supreme Court.

2175: 2013: 1901: 1895:, while at the same time being a way to "revive sense of the Jewish spirit." 1730: 1679: 1651: 1184: 1179: 1074: 974: 944: 814: 711: 696: 691: 681: 666: 656: 641: 591: 551: 483: 445: 405: 400: 7710:"Zionism, Ethics and the New Birth of Freedom: Louis Brandeis, Then and Now" 5044:

Letters of Louis D. Brandeis: Volume III, 1913–1915: Progressive and Zionist

5017:

Judicial Entrepreneurship: the Role of the Judge in the Marketplace of Ideas

3922:, one of the country's few undergraduate law publications, launched in 2009. 2190: 9617: 9599: 9575: 9471: 9441: 9405: 9093: 9063: 9051: 8953: 8925: 8909: 8893: 8861: 8813: 8604: 8589: 8559: 8529: 8489: 8469: 8449: 8444: 8319: 8239: 8219: 8174: 8159: 8056: 8040: 7681:"The art of judicial selection: Lessons for Obama from Brandeis and Freund" 7414:

Reconsidered: The Origins of a Sex-Based Doctrine of Liberty of Contract".

6312:"The Sedition and Espionage Acts Were Designed to Quash Dissent During WWI" 5843: 5656: 4168:

United States ex rel Milwaukee Social Democratic Publishing Co. v. Burleson

4051: 3942: 3933: 3842: 3809: 3779: 3713: 3697: 3696:, the leader of European Zionism. In 1921 Weizmann's candidates, headed by 3328: 3311: 3295:... I now feel that I was wrong ... Mr. Justice Brandeis in his dissent in 3247: 3079: 3068: 2959: 2644: 2529:

By 1910, Brandeis noticed that even America's leaders, including President

2400: 2296: 2171: 1867: 1592: 1322: 1134: 1129: 1119: 1109: 1104: 1069: 919: 909: 889: 874: 854: 849: 819: 786: 721: 676: 661: 581: 541: 320: 90: 8036: 7951:

Capitalism and Conflict, Biographies of the Robes, Louis Dembitz Brandeis.

6869: 3704:. Brandeis resigned from the ZOA, along with his closest associates Rabbi 9611: 9507: 9249: 9135: 9111: 9081: 8905: 8877: 8797: 8781: 8765: 8594: 8499: 8419: 8179: 8134: 7634:

Urofsky, Melvin I. "Wilson, Brandeis, and the Supreme Court Nomination."

7353:; Skover, David (2005). "Curious Concurrence: Justice Brandeis's Vote in 4820: 4057:

Louis D. Brandeis AZA #932, a B'nai B'rith Youth Organization Chapter in

4020: 4016: 3667: 3616: 3576: 3343: 3161:

no longer is in existence, some of their typewriters may be found at the

3056: 2862: 2837: 2696: 2408: 2215: 1496: 1337: 1307: 1189: 1094: 1029: 954: 924: 899: 894: 884: 809: 736: 706: 546: 410: 375: 325: 6935:. Ernest Poole, Foreword (Boston: Small, Maynard & Co. Pubs., 1914) 6816:

Fiat Justitia: A History of the Massachusetts Bar Association. 1910–1985

3745: 3254:

article in writing an opinion for the Court; a few years later, Justice

2920:

The controversy surrounding Brandeis's nomination was so great that the

2299:

saying it accomplished "nothing less than adding a chapter to our law."

1917:. He achieved recognition by submitting a case brief, later called the " 9519: 9417: 8845: 8554: 8344: 8224: 8124: 7663: 7627: 7569: 7477: 7438:(1995). "Reinventing Brandeis: Legal Pragmatism For the 21st Century". 5180:

The Fall of a Railroad Empire: Brandeis and the New Haven Merger Battle

4946: 3886: 3775: 3542: 3273: 2914: 2588: 2160: 1906: 1665: 1623: 1149: 1059: 1034: 869: 829: 771: 686: 561: 478: 8670: 7526: 4044:

names all of its comprehensive high schools for Supreme Court Justices

3200: 1989:

His parents, Adolph Brandeis and Frederika Dembitz, both of whom were

9225: 8701: 8404: 3314:'s due process revolution," writes McIntosh, to finally overturn the 2932:

What Brandeis's opponents most objected to was his "radicalism." The

2896: 2854: 2829: 2671: 2538: 2060: 1745: 1079: 1004: 834: 518: 473: 302: 7655: 7619: 7561: 7469: 7083:

The Legacy of Holmes and Brandeis: A Study in the Influence of Ideas

4047: 3280:

opinion, proclaiming the right of privacy as "second to none in the

1939:. His nomination was bitterly contested, partly because, as Justice 8697: 8304: 8025: 8021: 7960: 7518: 7370: 7212:(Jewish Historical Society of Greater Washington, 1992) (monograph) 6390:

The Israeli-American Connection: Its Roots in the Yishuv, 1914–1945

5169:, address delivered May 4, 1905, before the Harvard Ethical Society 3662:

minority rights were recognized. Under the leadership of Brandeis,

3458: 3393:

analysis immediately assumed canonical authority." Brandeis wrote:

3172: 2866: 2843: 2071: 2064: 2056: 1990: 1971: 1604: 1443: 1199: 503: 3055:

There was a strong conservative streak in the U.S. beginning with

3047: 2713:

In 1908, he chose to represent the state of Oregon in the case of

7041:

Louis Brandeis and the Making of Regulated Competition, 1900–1932

5140:"The Regulation of Competition Versus the Regulation of Monopoly" 4071:

Brandeis AZA #1999, a B'nai B'rith Youth Organization Chapter in

4064:

Brandeis AZA #1519, a B'nai B'rith Youth Organization Chapter in

3939: 3729:

Retired Justice Brandeis with his wife on his 83rd birthday, 1939

3619:

in Europe, the divided allegiance of its membership rendered the

3604: 3157:, 254 U.S. at 120–121.) It may be worth noting that although the 2503:

1925 B&O Railroad bond certificate owned by Louis D. Brandeis

2345: 2163:

in law school, which gave him experience in the role of a judge.

2132: 2101: 2097: 2075: 1996:, immigrated to the United States from their childhood homes in 934: 6976:(Albany: State University of New York Press, 1971–1978, 5 vols.) 7807:

Frank, John P. (1995). Friedman, Leon; Israel, Fred L. (eds.).

4058: 3962: 3952: 3901: 3589:, though later that year he had an apparent change of heart in 2208: 2052: 1997: 8111: 7834:

The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States

7790:

The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789–1995

6227:. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 19–46. 6185:. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 19–46. 6143:. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 19–46. 5310:

The Least Dangerous Branch?: Consequences of Judicial Activism

5149:, address to the Economic Club of New York on November 1, 1912 4232:

List of United States Supreme Court justices by time in office

2626: 7503:"Elusive Advocate: Reconsidering Brandeis as People's Lawyer" 6941:. Osmond K. Fraenkel, Ed. (New York: The Viking Press, 1934) 6939:

The Curse of Bigness. Miscellaneous Papers of Louis Brandeis

4510:, Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1979, Chapter 22. 4008:(formerly one of two campuses of Brandeis Hillel Day School). 4001:(formerly one of two campuses of Brandeis Hillel Day School). 2562:

destruction of competition, and monopoly will take its place.

2009: 1617: 1546: 1531: 7454:(1916). "Hours of Labor and Realism in Constitutional Law". 7386:

Collins, Ronald; Friesen, Jennifer (1983). "Looking Back on

5662:(Report). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. 5338:

Earnest Endeavors: The Life and Public Work of George Rublee

4303:

Earnest Endeavors: The Life and Public Work of George Rublee

3758:

According to Constitutional Law historian Alfred H. Kelly:

3471:(1935), he spoke for a unanimous court when he declared the 2735:

The strategy worked, and the Oregon law was upheld. Justice

43: 8064:

Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States

6923:. Alfred Lief, Ed. (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1941) 6818:. Boston: Massachusetts Bar Association. pp. Forward. 6804:, new Brandeis commemorative stamp announced, December 2008 5459:, (1914) complete text from Louis D. Brandeis School of Law 4964:

Solove, Daniel J., Rotenberg, Marc, and Schwartz, Paul M.,

4664:

People's Lawyers: Crusaders for Justice in American History

3961:(lit: Brandeis village) is a suburb of the Israeli city of 3196:

change. They did not exalt order at the cost of liberty ...

2840:, no antitrust movement, and no Federal Trade Commission." 2583: 2313: 1993: 1830: 1561: 56:

Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States

7076:

A Clash of Heroes: Brandeis, Weizman, and American Zionism

6006: 5328: 4227:

List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States

3913:

opened in 1846 and was named for Justice Brandeis in 1997.

2832:

laws, with Brandeis becoming one of the architects of the

2026:"America's progress is the triumph of the rights of man." 7872: 5529: 4237:

United States Supreme Court cases during the Hughes Court

4193:

The Collected Supreme Court Opinions of Louis D. Brandeis

1821: 1598: 213: 9807:

United States federal judges appointed by Woodrow Wilson

7999:

Louis Dembitz Brandeis Collection at Brandeis University

7385: 4293: 4277:. Washington, D.C.: Supreme Court of the United States. 4247:

United States Supreme Court cases during the White Court

3563:

the long-term trend toward centralization and bigness."

3500:(1935), the Court also voted unanimously to declare the 2243:, 133 US 496 (1889), and won. Soon after, Chief Justice 7925:

Melvin I. Urofsky discusses 'Louis D. Brandeis: A Life'

7728:

The New Dealers: Power politics in the age of Roosevelt

6947:. Solomon Goldman, Ed. (New York: Henry Schuman, 1953) 6501:

Here Lies the Supreme Court: Gravesites of the Justices

4242:

United States Supreme Court cases during the Taft Court

3997:, a K–8 independent coeducational Jewish day school in 3926:

The Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights under Law

2609: 2312:

Legal historian Wayne McIntosh wrote that "the privacy

1966:

Louis David Brandeis was born on November 13, 1856, in

7771:

Anita Whitney, Louis Brandeis, and the First Amendment

6050:, 277 U.S. 438 (1928), complete text including dissent 6001:

Make No Law: The Sullivan case and the First Amendment

5911:, 97 Univ. of Pennsylvania Law Review, 608, 630 (1949) 5614:

Selected Addresses and Public Papers of Woodrow Wilson

4941:

Grant B. Mindle, "Liberalism, Privacy, and Autonomy,"

3310:

during the 1950s and 1960s and the "full force of the

2225: 7898:

The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary

7773:. Cranbury, NJ: Farleigh Dickinson University Press. 7488:(1957). "Mr. Justice Brandeis: A Centennial Memoir". 7090:

The Social and Economic Views of Mr. Justice Brandeis

5909:

The Supreme Court, the Bill of Rights, and the States

2643:

bankers. The New Haven had been under the control of

2303:"moral standards of society as a whole." They wrote: 2258:

Brandeis describes how he saw himself as an advisor:

1833: 1824: 7349: 6415: 6413: 6411: 4562:

Three Modern Italian Poets: Saba, Ungaretti, Montale

3987:

The Brandeis School, a private Jewish day-school in

3379:

Brandeis forever changed the way people think about

2885:

associate justice of the United States Supreme Court

2674:

violations. At a subsequent hearing in front of the

2635:, from gaining control of its chief competitor, the 1827: 1818: 1815: 7879:. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Books. 7754:(3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. 5790: 5502:

Brandeis Named for Highest Court," January 29, 1916

4914:

Brandeis: The Personal History of an American Ideal

4252:

List of people on the cover of Time Magazine: 1920s

4077:Hadassah-Brandeis Apprentice School of Printing in 3700:, defeated Brandeis's for political control of the 3165:in Waltham, Massachusetts—less than two miles from 2924:, for the first time in its history, held a public 1812: 1517:

Americans United for Separation of Church and State

9762:Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States 7895: 7747: 7692:"If It's Too Big to Fail, Is It Too Big to Exist?" 7263:: The Power of Ideas". In Dorf, Michael C. (ed.). 7048:Two Jewish Justices: Outcasts in the Promised Land 6969:(Albany: State University of New York Press, 1980) 6587:(2nd ed.). New York: HarperCollins. pp. 5525:"A History of Supreme Court Confirmation Hearings" 5312:, Smith College, Greenwood Publishing Group (2002) 3264:, where his opinion wove together the speeches of 2703:Upholding workplace laws with the "Brandeis Brief" 2241:Wisconsin Central Railroad Company v. Price County 9646:Also served as Chief Justice of the United States 7868:. New York: The Press Association Compilers, Inc. 7199:A Mind of One Piece: Brandeis and American Reform 6408: 5449:Other People's Money – and How the Bankers Use It 5334: 5323:Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era, 1910–1917 5040: 4445:"Louis Brandeis: Dangerous Because Incorruptible" 4299: 3717:genocide when Britain denied entry to more Jews. 3163:Charles River Museum of Industry & Innovation 2805:In 1913, Brandeis wrote a series of articles for 2361:, a physician who had immigrated to America from 9673: 7267:. New York: Foundation Press. pp. 418–520. 7244:Muller v. Oregon: A Brief History with Documents 7050:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988) 7006:The Unpublished Opinions of Mr. Justice Brandeis 6870:"Louis D. Brandeis High School in New York City" 6771:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 4269: 4267: 4004:Brandeis Marin, an independent Jewish school in 2844:Nomination and confirmation to the Supreme Court 2143:Returning to the U.S. in 1875, Brandeis entered 2016:, whose father was Brandeis' second cousin. The 7873:Martin, Fenton S.; Goehlert, Robert U. (1990). 7217:Louis D. Brandeis and the Progressive Tradition 7189:Justice on Trial: The Case of Louis D. Brandeis 7057:(Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1989) 6952:Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It 6614:, September 24, 2009 ("Books and Arts" section) 5560:Justice on Trial: The Case of Louis D. Brandeis 5152: 5081:Louis D. Brandeis and the Progressive Tradition 4502: 4500: 2818:Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It 2758:case in 1954 that desegregated public schools. 2092:, Brandeis was influenced greatly by his uncle 1874:Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It 7131:Louis Dembitz Brandeis 1856–1941: Bibliography 7116:(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1936) 6753:. Archived from the original on March 22, 2012 6212: 6170: 6128: 5847: 5610: 5584:Afran, Bruce, & Garber, Robert A. (2005). 5571:Afran, Bruce, & Garber, Robert A. (2005). 5467: 5465: 2963:striving to be fair to both sides in a case." 2761: 8656: 8097: 7902:. New York: Garland Publishing. p. 590. 7043:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009) 6900: 5766:GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works 5718: 5716: 5475:. Washington, D.C.: Federal Judicial Center. 5403:. Vol. 58, no. 2974. pp. 10–13 5178:Henry Lee Staples, and Alpheus Thomas Mason, 4821:"PBK – Phi Beta Kappa Supreme Court Justices" 4264: 3928:, a civil rights organization established in 2340: 2051:, Louis read and appreciated the writings of 1784: 7181:(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988) 7174:(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1993) 7133:(Fred B Rothman & Co; reprint ed., 1958) 7015:(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995) 6983:(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002) 6962:(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991) 6446: 6444: 6442: 6225:Precedent in the United States Supreme Court 6183:Precedent in the United States Supreme Court 6141:Precedent in the United States Supreme Court 5437:, May 26, 2009. Retrieved December 23, 2023. 4924: 4922: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4497: 4475:"Heroes – Trailblazers of the Jewish People" 3946: 3611:in 1912, as a result of a conversation with 2592:Brandeis (center) in his Boston office, 1916 1866:, and was thereby credited by legal scholar 7450: 7259:Bhagwat, Ashutosh A. (2004). "The Story of 7126:(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1984) 7008:(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957) 5462: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4594: 3778:of the law," and former Secretary of State 3077:decision in 1919 and the pro-sterilization 2627:Preventing J. P. Morgan's railroad monopoly 2566: 2511: 9752:Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees 8663: 8649: 8104: 8090: 7545: 7500: 7031:Brandeis and Frankfurter: A Dual Biography 6265:"The Economic Contradictions of Obama-ism" 5713: 5232: 5230: 5132: 4976: 4974: 4338:Samuel D. Warren & Louis D. Brandeis, 1791: 1777: 42: 27:US Supreme Court justice from 1916 to 1939 7768: 7281: 7179:Louis D. Brandeis: Justice for the People 7143:(New York: Oxford University Press, 1982) 7078:(New York: Oxford University Press, 1986) 6439: 6221:"The Dialectic of Stare Decisis Doctrine" 6179:"The Dialectic of Stare Decisis Doctrine" 6137:"The Dialectic of Stare Decisis Doctrine" 6091: 5686: 5684: 5654: 5196:The New Haven Railroad: its Rise and Fall 5190: 5188: 4919: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4788:Louis D. Brandeis: Justice for the People 4740: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4023:, a Jewish educational outreach resource. 3453:(1935) – limiting presidential discretion 3354:(1932) – Captive audience and free speech 2999:) voted against his confirmation. He was 2815:And in 1914 he published a book entitled 2405:New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad 1852:Starting in 1890, he helped develop the " 68:June 5, 1916 – February 13, 1939 7966:Biographical Directory of Federal Judges 7409: 7219:(Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1981) 7167:(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016) 7157:(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000) 7071:(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1932) 7062:Louis D. Brandeis: A Biographical Sketch 6979:Melvin I. Urofsky, David W. Levy, Eds. 6972:Melvin I. Urofsky, David W. Levy, Eds. 6958:Melvin I. Urofsky, David W. Levy, Eds. 6751:"Brandeis' Stamp Of Approval Recognized" 6543:, Volume 33 Issue 1, Pages 17–41 (2008). 6099:Encyclopedia of American Civil Liberties 6032: 5948: 5854:. Oxford University Press. p. 202. 5655:McMillion, Barry J. (January 28, 2022). 5632:"Confirm Brandeis by Vote of 47 to 22," 5422:Brandeis And The History Of Transparency 5390:Brandeis, Louis D. (December 20, 1913). 5389: 5372: 5370: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5000: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4692: 4662:Klebanow, Diana, and Jonas, Franklin L. 4591: 3900: 3864: 3848: 3744: 3724: 3498:Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States 3492:Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States 3484:Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States 2853: 2765: 2587: 2498: 2442: 2344: 2189: 1552:Southern Christian Leadership Conference 9732:American people of Czech-Jewish descent 7893: 7787: 7745: 7605: 7576: 7332: 7319: 7258: 7150:(Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1983) 7019: 6981:The Family Letters of Louis D. Brandeis 6696:from the original on September 29, 2023 6400:, (1996), p. 26 "In early 1914 the USS 6218: 6176: 6134: 5935: 5914: 5760:Bracey, Christopher (January 1, 2001). 5554: 5552: 5308:Powers, Stephen, and Rothman, Stanley. 5249: 5227: 4971: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4847:"Jefferson National Expansion Memorial" 4751: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4442: 4102:Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority 3978:Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America 3837:, about Oliver Wendell Holmes. In the 3147:Underwood Typewriter Co. v. Chamberlain 3138:Underwood Typewriter Co. v. Chamberlain 3006: 2850:Louis Brandeis Supreme Court nomination 1474:Center for Budget and Policy Priorities 14: 9674: 8994: 7876:The U.S. Supreme Court: A Bibliography 7857: 7484: 7434: 6921:The Brandeis Guide to the Modern World 6850:from the original on November 15, 2021 6714: 6537:Here Lies the Supreme Court: Revisited 6290: 6254: 6059: 5964: 5932:, Decided December 13, 1920, full text 5833:(Oxford University Press, 1982) p. 343 5762:"Louis Brandeis and the Race Question" 5759: 5741:from the original on December 20, 2022 5722: 5681: 5669:from the original on September 3, 2023 5519: 5517: 5185: 4859:from the original on February 28, 2008 4793: 4698:Great American Judges: An Encyclopedia 4540:from the original on September 9, 2022 4522:"BETWEEN THE LOVE OF CLIZIA AND MOSCA" 4485:from the original on November 17, 2019 4455:from the original on February 25, 2021 4427: 4415:from the original on November 16, 2022 3824:Brandeis was a founding member of the 3067:which upheld the constitutionality of 2185: 1726:Modern liberalism in the United States 8993: 8683: 8644: 8085: 7927:Video, 40 minutes, September 29, 2009 7837:. New York: Oxford University Press. 7806: 7302: 7085:(New York: Macmillan & Co., 1956) 6813: 6731:from the original on January 28, 2024 6715:Fatale, Michael T. (April 25, 2022). 6582: 6576: 6452:"The Jewish Problem: How To Solve It" 5993: 5965:Fatale, Michael T. (April 25, 2022). 5943:Archibald Cox: Conscience of a Nation 5941:Gormley, Ken, and Richardson, Elliot 5888:Masaryk a legie (Masaryk and legions) 5702:. Brandeis University. Archived from 5690: 5537:from the original on January 15, 2012 5479:from the original on January 27, 2022 5440: 5367: 5355:from the original on January 28, 2024 5278: 5099: 5029:Pavesich v. New England Life Ins. Co. 4771: 4703: 4579:from the original on January 28, 2024 4519: 4377:from the original on October 13, 2022 4320:from the original on February 1, 2021 4042:Northside Independent School District 3689:. In July 1919 he visited Palestine. 3575:' protests against US involvement in 2494: 1970:, the youngest of four children. His 7935:interview with Melvin Urofsky about 7866:The Cyclopædia of American Biography 7827: 7644:Midwest Journal of Political Science 7641: 7092:(New York: The Vanguard Press, 1930) 6352:from the original on January 2, 2022 6322:from the original on January 2, 2022 6309: 6066:The University of Chicago Law Review 5772:from the original on January 2, 2022 5549: 5315: 5094:Mr. Justice Brandeis, Great American 5061:from the original on August 20, 2016 5034: 4966:Privacy, Information, and Technology 4897: 4879:"Wisconsin C.R. Co. v. Price County" 4669: 4558: 4443:Douglas, William O. (July 5, 1964). 4094: 3995:The Brandeis School of San Francisco 3869:Statue of Brandeis on the campus of 3831:Brandeis is a character in the play 3387:Burnet v. Coronado Oil & Gas Co. 3373:Burnet v. Coronado Oil & Gas Co. 3140:(1920) – States' right to tax income 2660:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court 2610:Developing new life insurance system 7533:from the original on April 27, 2019 7210:Louis D. Brandeis, American Zionist 7165:Louis D. Brandeis: American Prophet 7106:(New York: The Viking Press, 1946) 7033:(New York: Harper & Row, 1984) 6788:"U.S. Postal Service Press Release" 6670:from the original on March 13, 2022 6564:from the original on April 10, 2024 6223:. In Peters, Christopher J. (ed.). 6181:. In Peters, Christopher J. (ed.). 6139:. In Peters, Christopher J. (ed.). 6076:from the original on April 23, 2021 5868:from the original on August 5, 2020 5851:Learned Hand: The Man and the Judge 5811:from the original on August 5, 2020 5617:. Boni and Liveright, Inc. p. 5514: 5380:, Princeton University Press (1953) 5041:Louis D. Brandeis (June 30, 1973). 4827:from the original on August 3, 2020 4281:from the original on April 15, 2010 3947: 3442:who stood against the conservative 2670:to file suit against New Haven for 2226:First law firm: Warren and Brandeis 1913:, and presenting ideas for the new 24: 9782:Louisville Male High School alumni 9772:Lawyers from Dedham, Massachusetts 9654: 8974: 8684: 8673:Supreme Court of the United States 7738: 7672: 7335:Pennsylvania Coal Company v. Mahon 7251: 7064:(New York: Bloch Publishing, 1929) 6585:Encyclopedia of American Biography 6554:"The Louis D. Brandeis Collection" 6241:from the original on March 8, 2021 6199:from the original on March 8, 2021 6157:from the original on March 8, 2021 5898:, pp.124 – 128,140 – 148,184 – 190 5723:Gerber, Edward F.; Burt, Zachary. 5182:(Syracuse University Press, 1947). 4885:from the original on June 25, 2022 3692:Later in 1919 Brandeis broke with 3607:movement. He became active in the 3527:(1938) – Federal versus state laws 3515:Brandeis also opposed Roosevelt's 2426: 2059:, and his favorite composers were 1937:Supreme Court of the United States 1847:Supreme Court of the United States 25: 9818: 9777:Lawyers from Louisville, Kentucky 7918: 6880:from the original on July 9, 2021 6840:"Brandeis University Law Journal" 6644:from the original on May 19, 2022 6310:Roos, Dave (September 21, 2020). 6020:from the original on May 19, 2013 5981:from the original on May 18, 2022 5127:Classics of Administrative Ethics 5116:, Rowman & Littlefield (2006) 5092:As quoted by Raymond Lonergan in 4932:, Harvard University Press (1911) 4810:, Harvard University Press (1984) 4790:, Harvard University Press (1984) 4559:Cary, Joseph (October 16, 1993). 4520:Ahern, John (February 23, 1986). 4155: (archived February 10, 2009) 3486:(1935) – NIRA is unconstitutional 3425: 3287:Again, five years later, Justice 3012:justices in the court's history. 2411:'s railroads. After an exposé of 1949:majority including in support of 8113:Hall of Fame for Great Americans 8029: 8013:Works by or about Louis Brandeis 7851: 7636:Journal of Supreme Court History 7591:10.1111/j.1059-4329.2005.00096.x 7579:Journal of Supreme Court History 7392:American Bar Association Journal 6994: (archived March 1, 2009) 4 6862: 6832: 6807: 6780: 6743: 6541:Journal of Supreme Court History 6520:Supreme Court Historical Society 6300:, Univ. Press of Kentucky (1989) 5264:10.1111/j.1059-4329.2005.00096.x 5252:Journal of Supreme Court History 3510:National Recovery Administration 3502:National Industrial Recovery Act 3042: 2395:Brandeis became a leader of the 2390: 1808: 1757: 1744: 1557:Southern Center for Human Rights 249: 9802:People from Beacon Hill, Boston 7977:Nomination of Louis D. Brandeis 7861:"Brandeis, Louis Dembitz" 6708: 6682: 6656: 6630: 6617: 6605: 6546: 6529: 6499:"Christensen, George A. (1983) 6491: 6482: 6464: 6381: 6364: 6334: 6303: 6281: 6116: 6104: 6060:Freund, Paul A. (Winter 1959). 6053: 5958: 5901: 5880: 5836: 5823: 5784: 5753: 5648: 5625: 5604: 5591: 5578: 5565: 5491: 5415: 5383: 5302: 5243: 5201: 5172: 5119: 5086: 5073: 5022: 4958: 4935: 4871: 4839: 4813: 4565:. University of Chicago Press. 4552: 3920:Brandeis University Law Journal 3907:Louis D. Brandeis School of Law 3883:Louis D. Brandeis School of Law 3795:Boston University School of Law 3702:Zionist Organization of America 3609:Federation of American Zionists 2421:Pinchot–Ballinger investigation 1961: 1537:National Organization for Women 187: 9727:American free speech activists 7858:Homans, James E., ed. (1918). 7172:Brandeis: Beyond Progressivism 6986:Louis Brandeis, Samuel Warren 5511:. Retrieved February 21, 2010. 5047:. SUNY Press. pp. 79–80. 4513: 4467: 4389: 4359: 4342:, 4 Harv. L. Rev. 193 (1890), 4332: 4199:Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon 4126: (archived April 23, 2010) 3566: 3322:wrote the opinion overturning 2770:President Woodrow Wilson, 1919 2676:Interstate Commerce Commission 2584:Becoming "the people's lawyer" 2278: 2041: 1502:American Civil Liberties Union 416:Separation of church and state 13: 1: 9722:American civil rights lawyers 9717:20th-century American lawyers 9702:19th-century American lawyers 7322:William & Mary Law Review 7309:William & Mary Law Review 7246:(Boston: Bedford Books, 1996) 7191:(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964) 7114:Brandeis and The Modern State 6945:The Words of Justice Brandeis 6895: 6421:"Patriot, Judge, and Zionist" 6376:Israel in the Mind of America 5114:American Reformers, 1870–1920 5019:, Greenwood Publishing (1997) 4189: (archived July 25, 2008) 4176: (archived July 25, 2008) 4131:New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann 4110:Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins 4048:Louis D. Brandeis Law Society 4034:Louis D. Brandeis High School 3826:Massachusetts Bar Association 3539:Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins 3533:Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins 3525:Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins 2910:, such as former Senator and 2906:and former presidents of the 2350: 2195: 2138: 2100:and was actively involved in 1974:parents were immigrants from 1956: 1887:, seeing it as a solution to 1512:American Humanist Association 1507:American Constitution Society 9712:20th-century American judges 7813:. Chelsea House Publishers. 7730:(Vintage, 2011) pp 109–122. 6974:Letters of Louis D. Brandeis 6967:Letters of Louis D. Brandeis 6777:, WLKY.com, October 21, 2009 6690:"BU School of law biography" 6627:Cambridge Univ. Press (1996) 6346:University of South Carolina 5791:Richard A. Colignon (1997). 5645:, accessed December 31, 2009 4761:. New York: Pantheon (2009) 4149:(1927) (unpublished dissent) 4028:New York City Public Schools 3159:Underwood Typewriter Company 2879:On January 28, 1916, Wilson 2869:, and stand-pattism in 1916 1645:The Problem with Jon Stewart 1469:Center for American Progress 7: 8028:(public domain audiobooks) 7984:Louis Brandeis (1846–1941). 7955:Public Broadcasting Service 7894:Urofsky, Melvin I. (1994). 7608:Journal of American History 7549:Journal of American History 7229:(New York: Pantheon, 2009) 7104:Brandeis: A Free Man's Life 6251:Available via SpringerLink. 6209:Available via SpringerLink. 6167:Available via SpringerLink. 5797:. SUNY Press. p. 170. 4968:(Aspen Publishers, 2006), 9 4952:September 11, 2018, at the 4746:Brandeis: A Free Man's Life 4214: 4083:Brandeis Dining Center, at 3970:Hillman Housing Corporation 3774:magazine has called him "A 3708:, Judge Julian W. Mack and 2950:Hebrew uplifters." Senator 2762:Supporting President Wilson 2755:Brown v. Board of Education 2273:Nutter McClennen & Fish 2220:Massachusetts Supreme Court 2218:, the chief justice of the 2117:Louisville Male High School 1542:People for the American Way 1451:Rhode Island Suffrage Party 1366:Democratic-Republican Party 10: 9823: 9757:Harvard Law School faculty 9707:20th-century American Jews 9697:19th-century American Jews 8395:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 7746:Abraham, Henry J. (1992). 7501:Spillenger, Clyde (1996). 7265:Constitutional Law Stories 6901:Selected works by Brandeis 6625:American Visions of Europe 5427:December 24, 2023, at the 5335:Marc Eric McClure (2003). 4930:The Opportunity in the Law 4300:Marc Eric McClure (2003). 4275:"Justices 1789 to Present" 3889:publication was named the 3621:World Zionist Organization 3598: 3530: 3489: 3360:Packer Corporation v. Utah 3352:Packer Corporation v. Utah 3207: 3179: 3176:(1927) – Freedom of speech 3149:(254 U.S. 113 (1920)). In 3051:(1920) – Freedom of speech 2922:Senate Judiciary Committee 2847: 2706: 2453:The Opportunity in the Law 2365:after the collapse of the 2341:Personal life and marriage 2237:Wisconsin Central Railroad 2207:, to set up a law firm in 1935:Brandeis to a seat on the 1522:Brennan Center For Justice 464:American Revolutionary War 9792:Massachusetts Republicans 9747:Harvard Law School alumni 9652: 9002: 8989: 8972: 8692: 8679: 8335:Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. 8330:Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. 8120: 8070: 8061: 8053: 8048: 7937:Louis D. Brandeis: A Life 7428:10.1080/00236568900890161 7410:Erickson, Nancy (1989). " 7227:Louis D. Brandeis: A Life 7099:(Twayne Publishing, 1997) 6814:Brink, Robert J. (1987). 6664:"BC Law School biography" 6270:November 5, 2013, at the 6062:"Mr. Justice Frankfurter" 6040:Olmstead v. United States 5473:"Brandeis, Louis Dembitz" 5341:. Greenwood. p. 76. 4759:Louis D. Brandeis: A Life 4397:"Let's look at the facts" 4352:October 25, 2021, at the 4306:. Greenwood. p. 76. 4160:Sugarman v. United States 4139:Olmstead v. United States 4013:Brandeis-Bardin Institute 3999:San Francisco, California 3885:. The school's principal 3791:Boston College Law School 3740: 3650:American Jewish Committee 3221:Olmstead v. United States 3210:Olmstead v. United States 3204:(1928) – Right of privacy 3202:Olmstead v. United States 3065:Selective Draft Law Cases 3061:Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. 2637:Boston and Maine Railroad 2334:Olmstead v. United States 1711:Liberal bias in the media 1376:National Democratic Party 220: 205: 197: 174: 158: 141: 117: 112: 108: 96: 84: 72: 61: 54: 50: 41: 34: 9737:American segregationists 8520:William Tecumseh Sherman 8210:George Washington Carver 7769:Bosmajian, Haig (2010). 7697:August 15, 2018, at the 7236:August 16, 2018, at the 7067:Felix Frankfurter, ed. 6965:Melvin I. Urofsky, Ed. 6955:(New York: Stokes, 1914) 6623:Harper, John Lamberton. 6558:University of Louisville 6535:Christensen, George A., 6471:Religion: Zionist Chiefs 6278:, April 2009, pgs. 23–26 5734:. Woodrow Wilson House. 5691:Dalin, David G. (2016). 5160:"Opportunity in the Law" 4945:(1989) 51#3 pp. 575–598 4258: 3968:One of the buildings of 3911:University of Louisville 3879:University of Louisville 3735:University of Louisville 3720: 3676:American Jewish Congress 3086:clear and present danger 3074:Schenck v. United States 2908:American Bar Association 2834:Federal Trade Commission 2668:US Department of Justice 2567:Against mass consumerism 2543:Robert M. La Follette Sr 2512:Against big corporations 2194:Photo of Louis Brandeis 2088:According to biographer 1915:Federal Trade Commission 1871:and speeches, including 1764:United States portal 1706:Liberal bias in academia 1371:Liberal Republican Party 229:This article is part of 9787:Massachusetts Democrats 8600:John Greenleaf Whittier 8215:William Ellery Channing 8022:Works by Louis Brandeis 8004:Works by Louis Brandeis 7971:Federal Judicial Center 7969:, a publication of the 7788:Cushman, Clare (2001). 7153:Edward A. Purcell Jr. 7112:Alpheus Thomas Mason. 7102:Alpheus Thomas Mason. 7053:Nelson L. Dawson, ed. 6988:"The Right to Privacy," 6395:August 5, 2020, at the 6296:Dawson, Nelson L. ed., 6219:Starger, Colin (2013). 6177:Starger, Colin (2013). 6135:Starger, Colin (2013). 6111:Griswold v. Connecticut 6046:March 11, 2009, at the 5945:, Da Capo Press, (1999) 5848:Gerald Gunther (2010). 5611:Woodrow Wilson (1918). 5392:"What Publicity Can Do" 5378:Wilson: the New Freedom 5325:, Harper and Row (1954) 5198:, Hastings House (1969) 5129:, Westview Press (2001) 4916:, Stackpole Sons (1936) 3754:cover, October 19, 1925 3592:Abrams v. United States 3308:surveillance technology 3261:United States v. Harris 3033:Thomas Garrigue Masaryk 2887:, to a seat vacated by 2574:conspicuous consumption 2572:persons who engaged in 1982:), who raised him in a 1856:" concept by writing a 1717:The Liberal Imagination 1429:Rockefeller Republicans 9659: 8979: 8585:James McNeill Whistler 8515:Augustus Saint-Gaudens 8430:Matthew Fontaine Maury 7961:Louis Dembitz Brandeis 6933:Business, a Profession 6374:, p.159; Peter Grose, 6003:, Random House, (1991) 5732:woodrowwilsonhouse.org 5641:March 3, 2016, at the 5507:March 4, 2016, at the 5455:June 28, 2015, at the 5291:June 30, 2015, at the 5165:June 29, 2015, at the 5145:June 30, 2015, at the 4989:July 12, 2015, at the 4808:Prophets of Regulation 4147:Ruthenberg v. Michigan 4073:Minneapolis, Minnesota 4006:San Rafael, California 3914: 3873: 3859:Waltham, Massachusetts 3834:The Magnificent Yankee 3818:William J. Brennan Jr. 3755: 3730: 3687:Paris Peace Conference 3659: 3646: 3639:Rabbis in April 1915: 3412:and Associate Justice 3402: 3375:(1932) – Stare decisis 3369: 3318:law: in 1967, Justice 3306:It took the growth of 3301:William J. Brennan Jr. 3244: 3198: 3134: 2981: 2876: 2771: 2693: 2607: 2593: 2564: 2549:mother of invention." 2535:William Jennings Bryan 2504: 2484: 2462: 2448: 2388: 2354: 2349:Brandeis in his canoe 2319:American Law Institute 2310: 2265: 2199: 2120:years studying at the 2094:Lewis Naphtali Dembitz 2086: 1911:Federal Reserve System 1889:antisemitism in Europe 1804:Louis Dembitz Brandeis 1408:historically, factions 524:Young America movement 494:Jeffersonian democracy 336:Economic progressivism 9658: 8978: 8826:Edward Douglass White 8535:Harriet Beecher Stowe 8505:Franklin D. Roosevelt 8235:James Fenimore Cooper 8195:William Cullen Bryant 8170:Alexander Graham Bell 7638:28.2 (2003): 145–156. 7406:37.2 (2020): 165–190. 7355:Whitney v. California 7305:Whitney v. California 7261:Whitney v. California 7095:Jacob Rader Marcus. 7081:Samuel J. Konefsky. 7013:Brandeis on Democracy 7011:Philippa Strum, ed. 6457:May 17, 2009, at the 6125:, 410 U.S. 113 (1973) 6113:, 381 U.S. 479 (1965) 5928:June 6, 2011, at the 5907:Green, John Raeburn. 5601:37.2 (2020): 165–190. 5031:, 122 Ga. 190 (1905). 4980:Warren and Brandeis, 4748:, Viking Press (1946) 4181:Whitney v. California 3904: 3868: 3849:Namesake institutions 3748: 3728: 3654: 3641: 3586:Debs v. United States 3581:Espionage Act of 1917 3468:Louisville v. Radford 3463:Franklin D. Roosevelt 3451:Louisville v. Radford 3395: 3364: 3239: 3193: 3188:Whitney v. California 3182:Whitney v. California 3174:Whitney v. California 3129: 2976: 2857: 2828:the power to enforce 2826:Department of Justice 2769: 2688: 2602: 2591: 2559: 2524:Sherman Antitrust Act 2502: 2479: 2457: 2446: 2383: 2348: 2305: 2260: 2193: 2081: 1909:, helping create the 1751:Liberalism portal 1586:The American Prospect 1567:National Urban League 1434:Roosevelt Republicans 1356:Anti-Federalist Party 469:Civil rights movement 8858:Charles Evans Hughes 8565:Booker T. Washington 8475:Alice Freeman Palmer 8455:William T. G. Morton 8400:James Russell Lowell 7685:The St. Louis Beacon 7359:Supreme Court Review 7351:Collins, Ronald K.L. 7339:Creighton Law Review 7225:Melvin I. Urofsky. 7215:Melvin I. Urofsky. 7208:Melvin I. Urofsky. 7069:Mr. Justice Brandeis 7055:Brandeis and America 7020:Books about Brandeis 6509:on September 3, 2005 6372:A History of Zionism 6298:Brandeis and America 5922:Gilbert v. Minnesota 5886:Preclík, Vratislav. 5829:Bruce Allen Murphy, 5562:, McGraw-Hill (1964) 5240:, Grove Press (2001) 5015:McIntosh, Wayne V., 4983:The Right To Privacy 4666:, M.E. Sharpe (2003) 4340:The Right to Privacy 4222:Louis Brandeis House 4207:Loughran v. Loughran 4187:Stanford Web Archive 4174:Stanford Web Archive 4118:Gilbert v. Minnesota 4085:Creighton University 3936:in higher education. 3891:Brandeis Law Journal 3799:Underwood Typewriter 3517:court-packing scheme 3250:, in 1942, used his 3214:In his widely cited 3094:Gilbert v. Minnesota 3049:Gilbert v. Minnesota 3007:Supreme Court tenure 2904:George W. Wickersham 2666:, who convinced the 2447:Louis Brandeis, 1915 2432:Dunbar, and Nutter. 2407:, from monopolizing 2397:Progressive movement 2324:Restatement of Torts 2231:progressive causes. 1968:Louisville, Kentucky 1880:The Curse of Bigness 1439:Moderate Republicans 1175:Roosevelt (Theodore) 1170:Roosevelt (Franklin) 489:Jacksonian democracy 396:Legal egalitarianism 361:Freedom of the press 242:in the United States 135:Louisville, Kentucky 122:Louis David Brandeis 9767:Lawyers from Boston 8842:William Howard Taft 8580:George Westinghouse 8550:Henry David Thoreau 8460:John Lothrop Motley 8435:Albert A. Michelson 8315:Nathaniel Hawthorne 8265:Ralph Waldo Emerson 8250:James Buchanan Eads 7726:Schwarz, Jordan A. 7721:Louisville Magazine 7679:Goldstein, Joel K. 7404:American Journalism 7398:: 294–298, 472–477. 7002:Alexander M. Bickel 6927:Brandeis on Zionism 6917:, February 16, 1916 6914:Illinois Law Review 6794:on January 13, 2011 6427:on October 27, 2007 6276:Commentary magazine 6261:Gordon, John Steele 6101:, CRC Press, (2006) 5599:American Journalism 5434:Sunlight Foundation 5209:"Louis D. Brandeis" 5079:Melvin I. Urofsky, 4943:Journal of Politics 4757:Urofsky, Melvin I. 4201:(1922) (dissenting) 4183:(1927) (concurring) 4170:(1921) (dissenting) 4141:(1928) (dissenting) 4133:(1932) (dissenting) 4120:(1920) (dissenting) 4104:(1936) (concurring) 4066:Rockville, Maryland 3974:housing cooperative 3871:Brandeis University 3855:Brandeis University 3806:U.S. Postal Service 3683:Balfour Declaration 3167:Brandeis University 2997:Francis G. Newlands 2968:Thomas Watt Gregory 2935:Wall Street Journal 2893:William Howard Taft 2800:Federal Reserve Act 2519:Efficiency Movement 2403:, who acquired the 2205:Samuel D. Warren II 2186:Early career in law 2178:and was elected to 2157:the casebook method 2108:later in his life. 2018:Revolutions of 1848 1928:In 1916, President 1921:", which relied on 1849:from 1916 to 1939. 1687:The Washington Post 1673:Talking Points Memo 1527:Equal Justice Works 1491:Other organizations 1479:Roosevelt Institute 1424:Radical Republicans 1165:Roosevelt (Eleanor) 499:Liberal Republicans 366:Freedom of religion 356:Fiscal conservatism 9797:Patrons of schools 9660: 8996:Associate justices 8980: 8510:Theodore Roosevelt 8450:Samuel F. B. Morse 8310:Alexander Hamilton 8255:Thomas Alva Edison 8165:Henry Ward Beecher 8150:John James Audubon 7939:, November 8, 2009 7703:The New York Times 7490:Harvard Law Review 7457:Harvard Law Review 7452:Frankfurter, Felix 7137:Bruce Allen Murphy 7088:Alfred Lief, ed. 6996:Harvard Law Review 6638:"Mass DOR website" 6014:"Right to Privacy" 5709:on April 12, 2019. 5634:The New York Times 5286:The Brandeis Brief 4995:Harvard Law Review 4806:McCraw, Thomas K. 4526:The New York Times 4449:The New York Times 4038:San Antonio, Texas 3989:Lawrence, New York 3915: 3874: 3756: 3731: 3506:John Steele Gordon 3419:Payne v. Tennessee 3289:William O. Douglas 3252:Harvard Law Review 3226:constitutional law 3216:dissenting opinion 3108:Stanley v. Georgia 3091:One such case was 3071:, the restrictive 3021:racial segregation 2985:Robert La Follette 2944:William O. Douglas 2912:Secretary of State 2877: 2802:in December 1913. 2796:Secretary of State 2780:Theodore Roosevelt 2772: 2695:Banking historian 2664:Theodore Roosevelt 2633:New Haven Railroad 2594: 2554:economies of scale 2531:Theodore Roosevelt 2505: 2495:Against monopolies 2449: 2367:Revolution of 1848 2355: 2329:dissenting opinion 2293:Harvard Law Review 2285:Harvard Law Review 2200: 2145:Harvard Law School 2031:American Civil War 2004:(then part of the 1951:racial segregation 1941:William O. Douglas 1859:Harvard Law Review 1638:The New York Times 509:New Deal coalition 441:Unalienable rights 210:Harvard University 103:William O. Douglas 9742:American Zionists 9669: 9668: 9665: 9664: 8985: 8984: 8938:William Rehnquist 8638: 8637: 8570:George Washington 8525:John Philip Sousa 8360:Thomas J. Jackson 8350:Washington Irving 8295:William C. Gorgas 8280:Benjamin Franklin 8245:Charlotte Cushman 8130:John Quincy Adams 8080: 8079: 8071:Succeeded by 8008:Project Gutenberg 7719:Nold Jr., James, 7716:, August 18, 2009 7708:Mirsky, Yehudah " 7436:Farber, Daniel A. 7195:Melvin I. Urofsky 7177:Philippa Strum. 7170:Philippa Strum. 7146:Lewis J. Paper. 7046:Robert A. Burt. 6998:193–220 (1890–91) 6874:insideschools.org 6450:Brandeis, Louis. 6234:978-94-007-7950-1 6192:978-94-007-7950-1 6150:978-94-007-7950-1 6097:Finkelman, Paul. 5896:978-80-87173-47-3 5842:The famed jurist 5533:. July 12, 2009. 5446:Brandeis, Louis. 5284:Brandeis, Louis. 5194:Weller, John L., 5158:Brandeis, Louis. 5138:Brandeis, Louis. 5112:Piott, Steven L. 5054:978-1-4384-2259-6 4928:Brandeis, Louis. 4786:Strum, Philippa. 4744:Mason, Thomas A. 4700:, ABC-CLIO (2003) 4572:978-0-226-09527-1 4209:(1934) (majority) 4162:(1919) (majority) 4112:(1938) (majority) 4095:Selected opinions 4079:Jerusalem, Israel 3814:Felix Frankfurter 3710:Felix Frankfurter 3473:Frazier-Lemke Act 3414:Thurgood Marshall 3410:William Rehnquist 3276:, and Brandeis's 3256:Felix Frankfurter 3029:Felix Frankfurter 3017:African-Americans 3003:on June 5, 1916. 3001:sworn into office 2972:Charles Culberson 2952:Henry Cabot Lodge 2859:Political cartoon 2615:issues involved. 1946:freedom of speech 1843:associate justice 1801: 1800: 1398:Progressive Party 1392:Progressive Party 1386:Progressive Party 880:Clinton (Hillary) 371:Freedom of speech 346:Equal opportunity 224: 223: 132:November 13, 1856 18:Louis D. Brandeis 16:(Redirected from 9814: 9648: 9548: 9402: 9340: 9296: 9012: 8991: 8990: 8922:Warren E. Burger 8730:Oliver Ellsworth 8681: 8680: 8671:Justices of the 8665: 8658: 8651: 8642: 8641: 8410:Edward MacDowell 8365:Thomas Jefferson 8300:Ulysses S. Grant 8260:Jonathan Edwards 8230:Grover Cleveland 8145:Susan B. Anthony 8106: 8099: 8092: 8083: 8082: 8054:Preceded by 8046: 8045: 8033: 8032: 8017:Internet Archive 7913: 7901: 7890: 7869: 7863: 7855: 7854: 7848: 7824: 7803: 7784: 7765: 7753: 7667: 7650:(3/4): 267–290. 7631: 7602: 7573: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7513:(6): 1445–1535. 7507:Yale Law Journal 7497: 7481: 7447: 7431: 7412:Muller v. Oregon 7399: 7388:Muller v. Oregon 7382: 7346: 7329: 7316: 7299: 7278: 7129:Ray M. Mersky. 7122:Thomas McCraw. 6890: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6866: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6836: 6830: 6829: 6811: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6790:. Archived from 6784: 6778: 6776: 6770: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6747: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6712: 6706: 6705: 6703: 6701: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6675: 6660: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6634: 6628: 6621: 6615: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6580: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6569: 6550: 6544: 6533: 6527: 6524:Internet Archive 6518: 6516: 6514: 6505:. Archived from 6495: 6489: 6486: 6480: 6468: 6462: 6448: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6423:. Archived from 6417: 6406: 6385: 6379: 6370:Walter Laqueur, 6368: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6338: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6307: 6301: 6294: 6288: 6285: 6279: 6258: 6252: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6216: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6204: 6174: 6168: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6132: 6126: 6120: 6114: 6108: 6102: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6083: 6081: 6057: 6051: 6036: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6010: 6004: 5999:Lewis, Anthony. 5997: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5986: 5962: 5956: 5952: 5946: 5939: 5933: 5918: 5912: 5905: 5899: 5884: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5840: 5834: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5788: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5757: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5740: 5729: 5720: 5711: 5710: 5708: 5700:bir.brandeis.edu 5697: 5688: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5668: 5661: 5652: 5646: 5629: 5623: 5622: 5608: 5602: 5595: 5589: 5582: 5576: 5569: 5563: 5556: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5521: 5512: 5495: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5469: 5460: 5444: 5438: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5396: 5387: 5381: 5376:Link, Albert S. 5374: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5332: 5326: 5321:Link, Arthur S. 5319: 5313: 5306: 5300: 5297:Muller v. Oregon 5282: 5276: 5275: 5247: 5241: 5234: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5205: 5199: 5192: 5183: 5176: 5170: 5156: 5150: 5136: 5130: 5123: 5117: 5110: 5097: 5090: 5084: 5077: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5038: 5032: 5026: 5020: 5013: 4998: 4978: 4969: 4962: 4956: 4939: 4933: 4926: 4917: 4910: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4858: 4851: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4817: 4811: 4804: 4791: 4784: 4769: 4755: 4749: 4742: 4701: 4694: 4667: 4660: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4556: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4517: 4511: 4504: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4440: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4363: 4357: 4336: 4330: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4271: 3950: 3949: 3930:Washington, D.C. 3841:he is played by 3508:writes that the 3440:Three Musketeers 3432:Benjamin Cardozo 3235:Fourth Amendment 3121:dissent and his 2993:Miles Poindexter 2901:Attorney General 2742:minimum wage law 2730:Muller v. Oregon 2716:Muller v. Oregon 2476: 2352: 2197: 2130: 2106:Zionist movement 1923:expert testimony 1885:Zionist movement 1854:right to privacy 1840: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1793: 1786: 1779: 1766: 1762: 1761: 1760: 1749: 1748: 1722: 1631:The New Republic 1404:Republican Party 1361:Democratic Party 1025:Kennedy (Robert) 1020:Kennedy (Joseph) 970:Jackson (Andrew) 421:Social democracy 391:Internationalism 351:Environmentalism 331:Economic freedom 253: 243: 226: 225: 191: 189: 152:Washington, D.C. 148: 131: 129: 113:Personal details 99: 87: 75: 66: 46: 32: 31: 21: 9822: 9821: 9817: 9816: 9815: 9813: 9812: 9811: 9672: 9671: 9670: 9661: 9650: 9649: 9643: 9641: 9543: 9484:J. M. Harlan II 9397: 9335: 9291: 9007: 8998: 8981: 8970: 8969: 8874:Harlan F. Stone 8810:Melville Fuller 8778:Salmon P. Chase 8688: 8675: 8669: 8639: 8634: 8610:Frances Willard 8545:Sylvanus Thayer 8495:Edgar Allan Poe 8480:Francis Parkman 8390:Abraham Lincoln 8370:John Paul Jones 8290:Josiah W. Gibbs 8205:Andrew Carnegie 8190:Phillips Brooks 8155:George Bancroft 8116: 8110: 8076: 8074:William Douglas 8067: 8059: 8030: 7988:Wayback Machine 7921: 7916: 7910: 7887: 7852: 7845: 7829:Hall, Kermit L. 7821: 7800: 7781: 7762: 7741: 7739:Further reading 7736: 7705:, June 20, 2009 7699:Wayback Machine 7675: 7673:Shorter mention 7670: 7656:10.2307/2109304 7620:10.2307/1903737 7562:10.2307/2078470 7536: 7534: 7486:Freund, Paul A. 7470:10.2307/1326686 7275: 7254: 7252:Select articles 7249: 7242:Nancy Woloch. 7238:Wayback Machine 7060:Jacob DeHaas. 7022: 6992:Wayback Machine 6903: 6898: 6893: 6883: 6881: 6868: 6867: 6863: 6853: 6851: 6838: 6837: 6833: 6826: 6812: 6808: 6797: 6795: 6786: 6785: 6781: 6764: 6763: 6756: 6754: 6749: 6748: 6744: 6734: 6732: 6713: 6709: 6699: 6697: 6688: 6687: 6683: 6673: 6671: 6662: 6661: 6657: 6647: 6645: 6636: 6635: 6631: 6622: 6618: 6610: 6606: 6599: 6581: 6577: 6567: 6565: 6552: 6551: 6547: 6534: 6530: 6512: 6510: 6497: 6496: 6492: 6487: 6483: 6479:, July 28, 1930 6469: 6465: 6459:Wayback Machine 6449: 6440: 6430: 6428: 6419: 6418: 6409: 6397:Wayback Machine 6387:Michael Brown, 6386: 6382: 6369: 6365: 6355: 6353: 6340: 6339: 6335: 6325: 6323: 6308: 6304: 6295: 6291: 6286: 6282: 6272:Wayback Machine 6259: 6255: 6244: 6242: 6235: 6217: 6213: 6202: 6200: 6193: 6175: 6171: 6160: 6158: 6151: 6133: 6129: 6121: 6117: 6109: 6105: 6096: 6092: 6079: 6077: 6058: 6054: 6048:Wayback Machine 6037: 6033: 6023: 6021: 6012: 6011: 6007: 5998: 5994: 5984: 5982: 5963: 5959: 5953: 5949: 5940: 5936: 5930:Wayback Machine 5919: 5915: 5906: 5902: 5885: 5881: 5871: 5869: 5862: 5841: 5837: 5828: 5824: 5814: 5812: 5805: 5789: 5785: 5775: 5773: 5758: 5754: 5744: 5742: 5738: 5727: 5721: 5714: 5706: 5695: 5689: 5682: 5672: 5670: 5666: 5659: 5653: 5649: 5643:Wayback Machine 5630: 5626: 5609: 5605: 5596: 5592: 5583: 5579: 5570: 5566: 5558:Todd, Alden L. 5557: 5550: 5540: 5538: 5523: 5522: 5515: 5509:Wayback Machine 5496: 5492: 5482: 5480: 5471: 5470: 5463: 5457:Wayback Machine 5445: 5441: 5429:Wayback Machine 5420: 5416: 5406: 5404: 5400:Harper's Weekly 5394: 5388: 5384: 5375: 5368: 5358: 5356: 5349: 5333: 5329: 5320: 5316: 5307: 5303: 5293:Wayback Machine 5283: 5279: 5248: 5244: 5235: 5228: 5218: 5216: 5215:. July 27, 1914 5213:The Independent 5207: 5206: 5202: 5193: 5186: 5177: 5173: 5167:Wayback Machine 5157: 5153: 5147:Wayback Machine 5137: 5133: 5125:Bruce, Will M. 5124: 5120: 5111: 5100: 5091: 5087: 5078: 5074: 5064: 5062: 5055: 5039: 5035: 5027: 5023: 5014: 5001: 4991:Wayback Machine 4979: 4972: 4963: 4959: 4954:Wayback Machine 4940: 4936: 4927: 4920: 4911: 4898: 4888: 4886: 4877: 4876: 4872: 4862: 4860: 4856: 4849: 4845: 4844: 4840: 4830: 4828: 4819: 4818: 4814: 4805: 4794: 4785: 4772: 4756: 4752: 4743: 4704: 4695: 4670: 4661: 4592: 4582: 4580: 4573: 4557: 4553: 4543: 4541: 4518: 4514: 4506:Arthur Mandel, 4505: 4498: 4488: 4486: 4473: 4472: 4468: 4458: 4456: 4451:. p. BR3. 4441: 4428: 4418: 4416: 4395: 4394: 4390: 4380: 4378: 4365: 4364: 4360: 4354:Wayback Machine 4337: 4333: 4323: 4321: 4314: 4298: 4294: 4284: 4282: 4273: 4272: 4265: 4261: 4256: 4217: 4153:Wayback Machine 4124:Wayback Machine 4097: 4089:Omaha, Nebraska 3982:Lower East Side 3976:founded by the 3851: 3743: 3723: 3706:Stephen S. Wise 3601: 3569: 3558:. Applying the 3535: 3529: 3494: 3488: 3477:Fifth Amendment 3455: 3436:Harlan F. Stone 3428: 3377: 3356: 3212: 3206: 3184: 3178: 3142: 3053: 3045: 3009: 2889:Joseph R. Lamar 2883:Brandeis as an 2852: 2846: 2808:Harper's Weekly 2764: 2746:Justice Douglas 2711: 2705: 2629: 2612: 2586: 2569: 2514: 2497: 2474: 2429: 2427:Public advocate 2413:insurance fraud 2393: 2363:Austria-Hungary 2359:Joseph Goldmark 2343: 2281: 2245:Melville Fuller 2228: 2188: 2153:Socratic method 2141: 2124: 2044: 2023:Habsburg Empire 2006:Austrian Empire 1964: 1959: 1811: 1807: 1797: 1758: 1756: 1755: 1743: 1736: 1735: 1720: 1701: 1693: 1692: 1580: 1572: 1571: 1492: 1484: 1483: 1464: 1456: 1455: 1351: 1343: 1342: 1243: 1235: 1234: 975:Jackson (Jesse) 805: 797: 796: 537: 529: 528: 514:Progressive Era 459: 451: 450: 426:Social equality 316: 308: 307: 261: 241: 239: 193: 190: 1891) 185: 181: 166: 159:Political party 150: 146: 145:October 5, 1941 133: 127: 125: 124: 123: 97: 85: 73: 67: 62: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9820: 9810: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9682:Louis Brandeis 9667: 9666: 9663: 9662: 9653: 9651: 9642: 9640: 9639: 9638:(2022–present) 9633: 9632:(2020–present) 9627: 9626:(2018–present) 9621: 9620:(2017–present) 9615: 9614:(2010–present) 9609: 9608:(2009–present) 9603: 9602:(2006–present) 9597: 9591: 9585: 9584:(1991–present) 9579: 9573: 9567: 9561: 9555: 9549: 9541: 9535: 9529: 9523: 9517: 9511: 9505: 9499: 9493: 9487: 9481: 9475: 9469: 9463: 9457: 9451: 9445: 9439: 9433: 9427: 9421: 9415: 9409: 9403: 9395: 9389: 9383: 9377: 9371: 9365: 9359: 9353: 9347: 9341: 9333: 9327: 9321: 9315: 9309: 9303: 9297: 9289: 9283: 9277: 9271: 9265: 9259: 9253: 9247: 9241: 9235: 9229: 9223: 9217: 9211: 9205: 9199: 9193: 9187: 9181: 9175: 9169: 9163: 9157: 9151: 9145: 9139: 9133: 9127: 9121: 9115: 9109: 9103: 9097: 9091: 9085: 9079: 9073: 9067: 9061: 9055: 9049: 9043: 9037: 9031: 9025: 9019: 9013: 9004: 9003: 9000: 8999: 8987: 8986: 8983: 8982: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8967: 8951: 8935: 8919: 8903: 8890:Fred M. Vinson 8887: 8871: 8855: 8839: 8823: 8807: 8794:Morrison Waite 8791: 8775: 8762:Roger B. Taney 8759: 8743: 8727: 8711: 8694: 8693: 8690: 8689: 8686:Chief justices 8677: 8676: 8668: 8667: 8660: 8653: 8645: 8636: 8635: 8633: 8632: 8627: 8625:Orville Wright 8622: 8620:Woodrow Wilson 8617: 8615:Roger Williams 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8575:Daniel Webster 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8540:Gilbert Stuart 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8485:George Peabody 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8440:Maria Mitchell 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8355:Andrew Jackson 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8275:Stephen Foster 8272: 8270:David Farragut 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8200:Luther Burbank 8197: 8192: 8187: 8185:Louis Brandeis 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8121: 8118: 8117: 8109: 8108: 8101: 8094: 8086: 8078: 8077: 8072: 8069: 8060: 8055: 8051: 8050: 8049:Legal offices 8044: 8043: 8037:Louis Brandeis 8034: 8019: 8010: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7980: 7974: 7958: 7946: 7941: 7928: 7920: 7919:External links 7917: 7915: 7914: 7908: 7891: 7885: 7870: 7849: 7843: 7831:, ed. (1992). 7825: 7819: 7804: 7798: 7785: 7779: 7766: 7760: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7734: 7724: 7717: 7706: 7688: 7687:, May 19, 2009 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7668: 7639: 7632: 7603: 7574: 7556:(1): 125–151. 7543: 7519:10.2307/797295 7498: 7482: 7464:(4): 353–373. 7448: 7440:U. Ill. L. Rev 7432: 7422:(2): 228–250. 7407: 7400: 7383: 7371:10.1086/655189 7347: 7330: 7317: 7300: 7279: 7273: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7247: 7240: 7223: 7213: 7206: 7192: 7185: 7175: 7168: 7158: 7151: 7144: 7134: 7127: 7120: 7110: 7100: 7097:Louis Brandeis 7093: 7086: 7079: 7074:Ben Halpern. 7072: 7065: 7058: 7051: 7044: 7039:Gerald Berk. 7037: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7017: 7016: 7009: 6999: 6984: 6977: 6970: 6963: 6956: 6948: 6942: 6936: 6930: 6924: 6918: 6908:The Living Law 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6891: 6861: 6831: 6824: 6806: 6779: 6742: 6707: 6681: 6655: 6629: 6616: 6604: 6598:978-0062700179 6597: 6575: 6545: 6528: 6490: 6488:Urofsky (2009) 6481: 6463: 6438: 6407: 6402:North Carolina 6380: 6363: 6333: 6302: 6289: 6280: 6253: 6233: 6211: 6191: 6169: 6149: 6127: 6115: 6103: 6090: 6072:(2): 209–210. 6052: 6031: 6005: 5992: 5957: 5947: 5934: 5913: 5900: 5879: 5860: 5835: 5822: 5803: 5783: 5752: 5712: 5680: 5647: 5636:, June 2, 1916 5624: 5603: 5590: 5586:Jews on Trial. 5577: 5573:Jews on Trial. 5564: 5548: 5513: 5498:New York Times 5490: 5461: 5439: 5414: 5382: 5366: 5347: 5327: 5314: 5301: 5277: 5242: 5236:Chernow, Ron. 5226: 5200: 5184: 5171: 5151: 5131: 5118: 5098: 5096:(1941), p. 42. 5085: 5072: 5053: 5033: 5021: 4999: 4970: 4957: 4934: 4918: 4912:Lief, Alfred. 4896: 4870: 4838: 4812: 4792: 4770: 4750: 4702: 4696:Vile, John R. 4668: 4590: 4571: 4551: 4512: 4496: 4479:Beit Hatfutsot 4466: 4426: 4388: 4358: 4331: 4312: 4292: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4211: 4203: 4195: 4190: 4177: 4164: 4156: 4143: 4135: 4127: 4114: 4106: 4096: 4093: 4092: 4091: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4062: 4055: 4045: 4031: 4024: 4009: 4002: 3992: 3985: 3966: 3956: 3937: 3923: 3899: 3898: 3895:Brandeis Medal 3863: 3862: 3850: 3847: 3765: 3764: 3742: 3739: 3722: 3719: 3694:Chaim Weizmann 3633:Jewish problem 3600: 3597: 3573:Eugene V. Debs 3568: 3565: 3548:Swift v. Tyson 3531:Main article: 3528: 3522: 3490:Main article: 3487: 3481: 3454: 3448: 3427: 3426:New Deal cases 3424: 3376: 3370: 3355: 3349: 3338:Justice Harlan 3320:Potter Stewart 3282:Bill of Rights 3208:Main article: 3205: 3199: 3180:Main article: 3177: 3171: 3141: 3135: 3052: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3037:Czechoslovakia 3008: 3005: 2940:New York Times 2848:Main article: 2845: 2842: 2776:Woodrow Wilson 2763: 2760: 2726:Brandeis Brief 2709:Brandeis Brief 2707:Main article: 2704: 2701: 2628: 2625: 2611: 2608: 2585: 2582: 2568: 2565: 2513: 2510: 2496: 2493: 2428: 2425: 2417:life insurance 2392: 2389: 2342: 2339: 2280: 2277: 2227: 2224: 2187: 2184: 2180:Phi Beta Kappa 2140: 2137: 2090:Melvin Urofsky 2049:German culture 2043: 2040: 1984:secular Jewish 1980:Czech Republic 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1930:Woodrow Wilson 1919:Brandeis brief 1799: 1798: 1796: 1795: 1788: 1781: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1753: 1738: 1737: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1713: 1708: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1662: 1655: 1648: 1641: 1634: 1627: 1620: 1615: 1608: 1601: 1596: 1589: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1453: 1448: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1414:Black-and-tans 1401: 1395: 1389: 1383: 1381:People's Party 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1040:King (Coretta) 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1015:Kennedy (John) 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 890:Cuomo (Andrew) 887: 882: 877: 875:Clinton (Bill) 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 806: 803: 802: 799: 798: 795: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 632:King (Coretta) 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 538: 535: 534: 531: 530: 527: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 460: 457: 456: 453: 452: 449: 448: 443: 438: 436:Social welfare 433: 431:Social justice 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 381:Harm Principle 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 341:Egalitarianism 338: 333: 328: 323: 317: 314: 313: 310: 309: 306: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 278: 273: 268: 262: 259: 258: 255: 254: 246: 245: 235: 234: 222: 221: 218: 217: 207: 203: 202: 199: 195: 194: 183: 180:Alice Goldmark 179: 178: 176: 172: 171: 160: 156: 155: 149:(aged 84) 143: 139: 138: 121: 119: 115: 114: 110: 109: 106: 105: 100: 94: 93: 88: 82: 81: 79:Woodrow Wilson 76: 70: 69: 59: 58: 52: 51: 48: 47: 39: 38: 36:Louis Brandeis 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9819: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9679: 9677: 9657: 9647: 9637: 9634: 9631: 9628: 9625: 9622: 9619: 9616: 9613: 9610: 9607: 9604: 9601: 9598: 9595: 9592: 9589: 9586: 9583: 9580: 9577: 9574: 9571: 9568: 9565: 9562: 9559: 9556: 9553: 9550: 9547:* (1972–1986) 9546: 9542: 9539: 9536: 9533: 9530: 9527: 9524: 9521: 9518: 9515: 9512: 9509: 9506: 9503: 9500: 9497: 9494: 9491: 9488: 9485: 9482: 9479: 9476: 9473: 9470: 9467: 9464: 9461: 9458: 9455: 9452: 9449: 9446: 9443: 9440: 9437: 9434: 9431: 9428: 9425: 9422: 9419: 9416: 9413: 9410: 9407: 9404: 9401:* (1925–1941) 9400: 9396: 9393: 9390: 9387: 9384: 9381: 9378: 9375: 9372: 9369: 9366: 9363: 9360: 9357: 9354: 9351: 9348: 9345: 9342: 9339:* (1910–1916) 9338: 9334: 9331: 9328: 9325: 9322: 9319: 9316: 9313: 9310: 9307: 9304: 9301: 9298: 9295:* (1894–1910) 9294: 9290: 9287: 9284: 9281: 9278: 9275: 9272: 9269: 9266: 9263: 9260: 9257: 9254: 9251: 9248: 9245: 9242: 9239: 9236: 9233: 9230: 9227: 9224: 9221: 9218: 9215: 9212: 9209: 9206: 9203: 9200: 9197: 9194: 9191: 9188: 9185: 9182: 9179: 9176: 9173: 9170: 9167: 9164: 9161: 9158: 9155: 9152: 9149: 9146: 9143: 9140: 9137: 9134: 9131: 9128: 9125: 9122: 9119: 9116: 9113: 9110: 9107: 9104: 9101: 9098: 9095: 9092: 9089: 9086: 9083: 9080: 9077: 9074: 9071: 9068: 9065: 9062: 9059: 9056: 9053: 9050: 9047: 9044: 9041: 9038: 9035: 9032: 9029: 9026: 9023: 9020: 9017: 9014: 9011:* (1790–1791) 9010: 9006: 9005: 9001: 8997: 8992: 8988: 8977: 8965: 8964: 8959: 8955: 8952: 8949: 8948: 8943: 8939: 8936: 8933: 8932: 8927: 8923: 8920: 8917: 8916: 8911: 8907: 8904: 8901: 8900: 8895: 8891: 8888: 8885: 8884: 8879: 8875: 8872: 8869: 8868: 8863: 8859: 8856: 8853: 8852: 8847: 8843: 8840: 8837: 8836: 8831: 8827: 8824: 8821: 8820: 8815: 8811: 8808: 8805: 8804: 8799: 8795: 8792: 8789: 8788: 8783: 8779: 8776: 8773: 8772: 8767: 8763: 8760: 8757: 8756: 8751: 8747: 8746:John Marshall 8744: 8741: 8740: 8735: 8731: 8728: 8725: 8724: 8719: 8715: 8714:John Rutledge 8712: 8709: 8708: 8703: 8699: 8696: 8695: 8691: 8687: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8666: 8661: 8659: 8654: 8652: 8647: 8646: 8643: 8631: 8630:Wilbur Wright 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8465:Simon Newcomb 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8425:John Marshall 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8415:James Madison 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8385:Robert E. Lee 8383: 8381: 8380:Sidney Lanier 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8325:Patrick Henry 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8285:Robert Fulton 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8140:Louis Agassiz 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8122: 8119: 8114: 8107: 8102: 8100: 8095: 8093: 8088: 8087: 8084: 8075: 8066: 8065: 8058: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8038: 8035: 8027: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7989: 7985: 7981: 7978: 7975: 7972: 7968: 7967: 7962: 7959: 7956: 7953: 7952: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7938: 7934: 7929: 7926: 7923: 7922: 7911: 7909:0-8153-1176-1 7905: 7900: 7899: 7892: 7888: 7886:0-87187-554-3 7882: 7878: 7877: 7871: 7867: 7862: 7850: 7846: 7844:0-19-505835-6 7840: 7836: 7835: 7830: 7826: 7822: 7820:0-7910-1377-4 7816: 7812: 7811: 7805: 7801: 7799:1-56802-126-7 7795: 7791: 7786: 7782: 7780:9780838642672 7776: 7772: 7767: 7763: 7761:0-19-506557-3 7757: 7752: 7751: 7744: 7743: 7733: 7729: 7725: 7723:, March 2010. 7722: 7718: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7693: 7689: 7686: 7682: 7678: 7677: 7665: 7661: 7657: 7653: 7649: 7645: 7640: 7637: 7633: 7629: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7580: 7575: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7551: 7550: 7544: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7499: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7458: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7416:Labor History 7413: 7408: 7405: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7372: 7368: 7364: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7331: 7327: 7323: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7285: 7280: 7276: 7274:1-58778-505-6 7270: 7266: 7262: 7257: 7256: 7245: 7241: 7239: 7235: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7211: 7207: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7193: 7190: 7186: 7184: 7180: 7176: 7173: 7169: 7166: 7162: 7161:Jeffrey Rosen 7159: 7156: 7152: 7149: 7145: 7142: 7138: 7135: 7132: 7128: 7125: 7121: 7119: 7115: 7111: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7098: 7094: 7091: 7087: 7084: 7080: 7077: 7073: 7070: 7066: 7063: 7059: 7056: 7052: 7049: 7045: 7042: 7038: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7027:Leonard Baker 7025: 7024: 7014: 7010: 7007: 7003: 7000: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6982: 6978: 6975: 6971: 6968: 6964: 6961: 6957: 6954: 6953: 6949: 6946: 6943: 6940: 6937: 6934: 6931: 6928: 6925: 6922: 6919: 6916: 6915: 6910: 6909: 6905: 6904: 6879: 6875: 6871: 6865: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6835: 6827: 6825:0-944394-00-0 6821: 6817: 6810: 6793: 6789: 6783: 6774: 6768: 6752: 6746: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6711: 6695: 6691: 6685: 6669: 6665: 6659: 6643: 6639: 6633: 6626: 6620: 6613: 6612:The Economist 6608: 6600: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6579: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6549: 6542: 6538: 6532: 6525: 6521: 6508: 6504: 6502: 6494: 6485: 6478: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6460: 6456: 6453: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6426: 6422: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6403: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6391: 6384: 6377: 6373: 6367: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6337: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6306: 6299: 6293: 6284: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6266: 6262: 6257: 6240: 6236: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6215: 6198: 6194: 6188: 6184: 6180: 6173: 6156: 6152: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6131: 6124: 6119: 6112: 6107: 6100: 6094: 6087: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6056: 6049: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6035: 6019: 6015: 6009: 6002: 5996: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5961: 5951: 5944: 5938: 5931: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5917: 5910: 5904: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5883: 5867: 5863: 5861:9780199703432 5857: 5853: 5852: 5845: 5839: 5832: 5826: 5810: 5806: 5804:9780791430118 5800: 5796: 5795: 5787: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5756: 5737: 5733: 5726: 5719: 5717: 5705: 5701: 5694: 5687: 5685: 5665: 5658: 5651: 5644: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5628: 5620: 5616: 5615: 5607: 5600: 5594: 5587: 5581: 5574: 5568: 5561: 5555: 5553: 5536: 5532: 5531: 5526: 5520: 5518: 5510: 5506: 5503: 5499: 5494: 5478: 5474: 5468: 5466: 5458: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5443: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5426: 5423: 5418: 5402: 5401: 5393: 5386: 5379: 5373: 5371: 5354: 5350: 5348:9780313324093 5344: 5340: 5339: 5331: 5324: 5318: 5311: 5305: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5287: 5281: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5246: 5239: 5233: 5231: 5214: 5210: 5204: 5197: 5191: 5189: 5181: 5175: 5168: 5164: 5161: 5155: 5148: 5144: 5141: 5135: 5128: 5122: 5115: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5095: 5089: 5082: 5076: 5060: 5056: 5050: 5046: 5045: 5037: 5030: 5025: 5018: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5004: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4977: 4975: 4967: 4961: 4955: 4951: 4948: 4944: 4938: 4931: 4925: 4923: 4915: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4884: 4880: 4874: 4855: 4848: 4842: 4826: 4822: 4816: 4809: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4789: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4768: 4767:0-375-42366-4 4764: 4760: 4754: 4747: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4699: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4665: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4578: 4574: 4568: 4564: 4563: 4555: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4516: 4509: 4503: 4501: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4470: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4401:The Economist 4398: 4392: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4362: 4355: 4351: 4348: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4319: 4315: 4313:9780313324093 4309: 4305: 4304: 4296: 4280: 4276: 4270: 4268: 4263: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4219: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4184: 4182: 4178: 4175: 4171: 4169: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4128: 4125: 4121: 4119: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4099: 4098: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4074: 4070: 4067: 4063: 4060: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4007: 4003: 4000: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3986: 3984:of Manhattan. 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3964: 3960: 3959:Kfar Brandeis 3957: 3954: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3903: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3875: 3872: 3867: 3860: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3835: 3829: 3827: 3822: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3787: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3772: 3771:The Economist 3761: 3760: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3747: 3738: 3736: 3727: 3718: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3690: 3688: 3684: 3679: 3677: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3658: 3653: 3651: 3645: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3629: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3613:Jacob de Haas 3610: 3606: 3596: 3594: 3593: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3579:violated the 3578: 3574: 3564: 3561: 3557: 3555: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3526: 3521: 3518: 3513: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3493: 3485: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3469: 3464: 3460: 3452: 3447: 3445: 3444:Four Horsemen 3441: 3437: 3433: 3423: 3421: 3420: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3406:stare decisis 3401: 3399: 3398:Stare decisis 3394: 3392: 3391:stare decisis 3388: 3384: 3383: 3382:stare decisis 3374: 3368: 3363: 3361: 3353: 3348: 3346: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3331: 3330: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3304: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3270:James Madison 3267: 3263: 3262: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3243: 3238: 3236: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3222: 3217: 3211: 3203: 3197: 3192: 3189: 3183: 3175: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3139: 3133: 3128: 3126: 3125: 3120: 3119: 3114: 3110: 3109: 3103: 3100:Legal author 3098: 3096: 3095: 3089: 3087: 3082: 3081: 3076: 3075: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3050: 3043:Leading cases 3040: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3004: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2989:George Norris 2986: 2980: 2975: 2973: 2969: 2964: 2961: 2955: 2953: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2936: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2874: 2873: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2851: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2803: 2801: 2797: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2781: 2777: 2768: 2759: 2757: 2756: 2749: 2747: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2731: 2727: 2721: 2720:legislation. 2718: 2717: 2710: 2700: 2698: 2692: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2606: 2601: 2598: 2590: 2581: 2577: 2575: 2563: 2558: 2555: 2550: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2527: 2525: 2520: 2509: 2501: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2454: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2391:Progressivism 2387: 2382: 2380: 2374: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2347: 2338: 2336: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2309: 2304: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2286: 2276: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2232: 2223: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2192: 2183: 2181: 2177: 2176:valedictorian 2173: 2168: 2164: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2146: 2136: 2134: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2085: 2080: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2024: 2019: 2015: 2014:Irma Brandeis 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1992: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1954: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1931: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1903: 1902:The Economist 1896: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1881: 1876: 1875: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1838: 1805: 1794: 1789: 1787: 1782: 1780: 1775: 1774: 1772: 1771: 1765: 1754: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1732: 1731:American Left 1729: 1727: 1724: 1719: 1718: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1681: 1680:ThinkProgress 1677: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1654: 1653: 1652:Rolling Stone 1649: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1633: 1632: 1628: 1626: 1625: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1613: 1609: 1607: 1606: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1594: 1590: 1588: 1587: 1583: 1582: 1576: 1575: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1488: 1487: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1460: 1459: 1452: 1449: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1347: 1346: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1303:K. B. Jackson 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1239: 1238: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1030:Kennedy (Ted) 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 895:Cuomo (Mario) 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 807: 801: 800: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 539: 536:Intellectuals 533: 532: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 484:Great Society 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 461: 455: 454: 447: 446:Welfare state 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 406:Republicanism 404: 402: 401:Mixed economy 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 386:Individualism 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 318: 312: 311: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 283: 282:Laissez-faire 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 263: 257: 256: 252: 248: 247: 244: 237: 236: 232: 228: 227: 219: 215: 211: 208: 204: 200: 196: 177: 173: 169: 165:(before 1912) 164: 161: 157: 153: 144: 140: 136: 120: 116: 111: 107: 104: 101: 95: 92: 89: 83: 80: 77: 71: 65: 60: 57: 53: 49: 45: 40: 33: 30: 19: 9645: 9367: 9344:Van Devanter 9232:J. M. Harlan 8961: 8958:2005–present 8954:John Roberts 8945: 8929: 8913: 8897: 8881: 8865: 8849: 8833: 8817: 8801: 8785: 8769: 8753: 8737: 8721: 8705: 8605:Emma Willard 8590:Walt Whitman 8560:Lillian Wald 8530:Joseph Story 8490:William Penn 8470:Thomas Paine 8445:James Monroe 8340:Mark Hopkins 8320:Joseph Henry 8240:Peter Cooper 8220:Rufus Choate 8184: 8175:Daniel Boone 8160:Clara Barton 8062: 8057:Joseph Lamar 8041:Find a Grave 7964: 7950: 7936: 7932: 7897: 7875: 7865: 7833: 7809: 7789: 7770: 7749: 7727: 7720: 7713: 7702: 7684: 7647: 7643: 7635: 7614:(1): 63–91. 7611: 7607: 7582: 7578: 7553: 7547: 7537:September 5, 7535:. Retrieved 7510: 7506: 7493: 7489: 7461: 7455: 7443: 7439: 7419: 7415: 7411: 7403: 7395: 7391: 7387: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7342: 7338: 7334: 7325: 7321: 7312: 7308: 7304: 7287: 7283: 7264: 7260: 7243: 7226: 7216: 7209: 7198: 7188: 7187:A.L. Todd. 7178: 7171: 7164: 7154: 7147: 7140: 7130: 7123: 7113: 7103: 7096: 7089: 7082: 7075: 7068: 7061: 7054: 7047: 7040: 7030: 7012: 7005: 6980: 6973: 6966: 6959: 6950: 6944: 6938: 6932: 6926: 6920: 6912: 6907: 6882:. Retrieved 6873: 6864: 6852:. Retrieved 6844:brandeis.edu 6843: 6834: 6815: 6809: 6796:. Retrieved 6792:the original 6782: 6755:. Retrieved 6745: 6733:. Retrieved 6710: 6698:. Retrieved 6684: 6672:. Retrieved 6658: 6646:. Retrieved 6632: 6624: 6619: 6611: 6607: 6584: 6578: 6566:. Retrieved 6557: 6548: 6540: 6536: 6531: 6513:November 24, 6511:. Retrieved 6507:the original 6500: 6493: 6484: 6474: 6466: 6429:. Retrieved 6425:the original 6401: 6388: 6383: 6375: 6371: 6366: 6354:. Retrieved 6345: 6336: 6324:. Retrieved 6315: 6305: 6297: 6292: 6283: 6275: 6256: 6243:. Retrieved 6224: 6214: 6201:. Retrieved 6182: 6172: 6159:. Retrieved 6140: 6130: 6122: 6118: 6110: 6106: 6098: 6093: 6085: 6078:. Retrieved 6069: 6065: 6055: 6039: 6034: 6022:. Retrieved 6008: 6000: 5995: 5983:. Retrieved 5960: 5950: 5942: 5937: 5921: 5916: 5908: 5903: 5887: 5882: 5870:. Retrieved 5850: 5844:Learned Hand 5838: 5830: 5825: 5813:. Retrieved 5793: 5786: 5774:. Retrieved 5765: 5755: 5743:. Retrieved 5731: 5704:the original 5699: 5673:February 14, 5671:. Retrieved 5650: 5633: 5627: 5613: 5606: 5598: 5593: 5585: 5580: 5575:pp. 157–158. 5572: 5567: 5559: 5539:. Retrieved 5528: 5497: 5493: 5483:February 14, 5481:. Retrieved 5448: 5442: 5432: 5417: 5405:. Retrieved 5398: 5385: 5377: 5357:. Retrieved 5337: 5330: 5322: 5317: 5309: 5304: 5299:(208 US 412) 5296: 5280: 5258:(1): 31–46. 5255: 5251: 5245: 5237: 5217:. Retrieved 5212: 5203: 5195: 5179: 5174: 5154: 5134: 5126: 5121: 5113: 5093: 5088: 5080: 5075: 5065:February 19, 5063:. Retrieved 5043: 5036: 5028: 5024: 5016: 4994: 4982: 4965: 4960: 4942: 4937: 4929: 4913: 4889:November 16, 4887:. Retrieved 4873: 4861:. Retrieved 4841: 4829:. Retrieved 4815: 4807: 4787: 4758: 4753: 4745: 4697: 4663: 4581:. Retrieved 4561: 4554: 4542:. Retrieved 4525: 4515: 4507: 4489:November 17, 4487:. Retrieved 4478: 4469: 4457:. Retrieved 4448: 4419:November 16, 4417:. Retrieved 4400: 4391: 4381:November 16, 4379:. Retrieved 4371:brandeis.edu 4370: 4361: 4344:available at 4343: 4339: 4334: 4322:. Retrieved 4302: 4295: 4285:February 14, 4283:. Retrieved 4206: 4198: 4180: 4167: 4159: 4146: 4138: 4130: 4117: 4109: 4101: 4052:Philadelphia 4040:, where the 3943:Ein Hashofet 3934:antisemitism 3919: 3890: 3843:Eduard Franz 3832: 3830: 3823: 3810:Joseph Story 3803: 3798: 3788: 3784: 3780:Dean Acheson 3769: 3766: 3757: 3749: 3732: 3714:philanthropy 3698:Louis Lipsky 3691: 3680: 3672: 3664:Stephen Wise 3660: 3655: 3647: 3642: 3630: 3602: 3590: 3584: 3570: 3559: 3553: 3546: 3538: 3536: 3524: 3514: 3497: 3495: 3483: 3466: 3456: 3450: 3429: 3417: 3405: 3404:The rule of 3403: 3397: 3396: 3390: 3386: 3380: 3378: 3372: 3365: 3359: 3357: 3351: 3342: 3334: 3329:Katz v. U.S. 3327: 3323: 3315: 3312:Warren Court 3305: 3296: 3292: 3286: 3277: 3259: 3251: 3248:Frank Murphy 3245: 3240: 3229: 3219: 3213: 3201: 3194: 3187: 3186:The case of 3185: 3173: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3143: 3137: 3130: 3122: 3116: 3106: 3099: 3092: 3090: 3080:Buck v. Bell 3078: 3072: 3069:conscription 3054: 3048: 3025: 3014: 3010: 2982: 2977: 2965: 2960:Roscoe Pound 2956: 2948: 2939: 2933: 2931: 2919: 2878: 2870: 2823: 2816: 2814: 2806: 2804: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2773: 2753: 2750: 2737:David Brewer 2734: 2729: 2722: 2714: 2712: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2680: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645:J. P. Morgan 2641:State Street 2630: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2578: 2570: 2560: 2551: 2547: 2528: 2515: 2506: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2452: 2450: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2401:J. P. Morgan 2394: 2384: 2375: 2356: 2332: 2322: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2297:Roscoe Pound 2292: 2290: 2284: 2282: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2240: 2233: 2229: 2213: 2201: 2169: 2165: 2150: 2142: 2114: 2110: 2087: 2082: 2069: 2045: 2035:abolitionist 2028: 1988: 1986:household. 1978:(now in the 1965: 1962:Family roots 1927: 1900: 1897: 1878: 1872: 1868:Roscoe Pound 1857: 1851: 1803: 1802: 1715: 1685: 1678: 1671: 1664: 1657: 1650: 1643: 1636: 1629: 1622: 1612:Mother Jones 1610: 1603: 1593:The Atlantic 1591: 1584: 1407: 1252: 321:Civil rights 280: 271:Conservative 170:(after 1912) 147:(1941-10-05) 98:Succeeded by 91:Joseph Lamar 74:Nominated by 63: 29: 9692:1941 deaths 9687:1856 births 9596:(1994–2022) 9590:(1993–2020) 9578:(1990–2009) 9572:(1988–2018) 9566:(1986–2016) 9560:(1981–2006) 9554:(1975–2010) 9540:(1972–1987) 9534:(1970–1994) 9528:(1967–1991) 9526:T. Marshall 9522:(1965–1969) 9516:(1962–1965) 9510:(1962–1993) 9504:(1958–1981) 9498:(1957–1962) 9492:(1956–1990) 9486:(1955–1971) 9480:(1949–1956) 9474:(1949–1967) 9468:(1945–1958) 9462:(1943–1949) 9460:W. Rutledge 9456:(1941–1954) 9450:(1941–1942) 9444:(1940–1949) 9438:(1939–1975) 9432:(1939–1962) 9430:Frankfurter 9426:(1938–1957) 9420:(1937–1971) 9414:(1932–1938) 9408:(1930–1945) 9394:(1923–1930) 9388:(1923–1939) 9382:(1922–1938) 9376:(1916–1922) 9370:(1916–1939) 9364:(1914–1941) 9358:(1912–1922) 9352:(1911–1916) 9346:(1911–1937) 9332:(1910–1914) 9326:(1906–1910) 9320:(1903–1922) 9314:(1902–1932) 9308:(1898–1925) 9302:(1896–1909) 9288:(1893–1895) 9282:(1892–1903) 9276:(1891–1906) 9270:(1890–1910) 9264:(1888–1893) 9258:(1882–1893) 9252:(1882–1902) 9246:(1881–1889) 9240:(1881–1887) 9234:(1877–1911) 9228:(1873–1882) 9222:(1870–1892) 9216:(1870–1880) 9210:(1863–1897) 9204:(1862–1877) 9198:(1862–1890) 9192:(1862–1881) 9186:(1858–1881) 9180:(1853–1861) 9174:(1851–1857) 9168:(1846–1870) 9162:(1845–1851) 9156:(1845–1872) 9150:(1842–1860) 9144:(1838–1852) 9138:(1837–1865) 9132:(1836–1841) 9126:(1835–1867) 9120:(1830–1844) 9114:(1829–1861) 9108:(1826–1828) 9102:(1823–1843) 9096:(1812–1845) 9090:(1811–1835) 9084:(1807–1826) 9078:(1807–1823) 9072:(1804–1834) 9066:(1800–1804) 9060:(1798–1829) 9054:(1796–1811) 9048:(1793–1806) 9042:(1792–1793) 9036:(1790–1799) 9030:(1790–1795) 9024:(1789–1798) 9018:(1790–1810) 9009:J. Rutledge 8906:Earl Warren 8595:Eli Whitney 8500:Walter Reed 8420:Horace Mann 8180:Edwin Booth 8135:Jane Addams 7949:Fox, John, 7690:Dash, Eric 7201:(New York, 6757:October 22, 6503:, Yearbook" 6431:October 27, 6123:Roe v. Wade 6080:February 1, 5541:January 28, 5359:October 31, 4863:January 23, 4324:October 31, 4021:Los Angeles 4017:Simi Valley 3668:Julian Mack 3617:World War I 3577:World War I 3567:Other cases 3430:Along with 3344:Roe v. Wade 3102:Ken Gormley 3057:World War I 2863:Wall Street 2838:Sherman Act 2697:Ron Chernow 2409:New England 2371:Beacon Hill 2279:Privacy law 2216:Horace Gray 2161:moot courts 2125: [ 2122:Annenschule 2042:Family life 1862:article of 1463:Think tanks 1419:Half-Breeds 1160:Rockefeller 1050:La Follette 804:Politicians 702:Schlesinger 411:Rule of law 376:Free market 326:Due process 293:Progressive 86:Preceded by 9676:Categories 9636:K. Jackson 9454:R. Jackson 9406:O. Roberts 9380:Sutherland 9362:McReynolds 9286:H. Jackson 9256:Blatchford 9076:Livingston 9070:W. Johnson 9058:Washington 9040:T. Johnson 8555:Mark Twain 8375:James Kent 8345:Elias Howe 8225:Henry Clay 8125:John Adams 8068:1916–1939 7714:Jewcy/Zeek 7284:Notre Dame 6896:References 6798:August 12, 6356:January 2, 6326:January 2, 5776:January 2, 5745:August 26, 4997:193 (1890) 4459:October 4, 4347:HeinOnline 3932:to combat 3887:law review 3839:1950 movie 3776:Robin Hood 3543:common law 3274:John Adams 3266:James Otis 3111:, Justice 2915:Elihu Root 2139:Law school 1957:Early life 1907:labor laws 1864:that title 1666:Sojourners 1624:The Nation 1230:Yarborough 1055:La Guardia 612:Hofstadter 479:Gilded Age 315:Principles 240:Liberalism 168:Democratic 163:Republican 128:1856-11-13 9624:Kavanaugh 9606:Sotomayor 9545:Rehnquist 9496:Whittaker 8942:1986–2005 8926:1969–1986 8910:1953–1969 8894:1946–1953 8878:1941–1946 8862:1930–1941 8846:1921–1930 8830:1910–1921 8814:1888–1910 8798:1874–1888 8782:1864–1873 8766:1836–1864 8750:1801–1835 8734:1796–1800 8702:1789–1795 8405:Mary Lyon 8115:inductees 7599:145579255 7379:142801765 6568:April 10, 5272:145579255 4831:April 15, 4534:0362-4331 4409:0013-0613 3980:, in the 3948:עין השופט 3945:(Hebrew: 3155:Underwood 3151:Underwood 2897:muckraker 2881:nominated 2830:antitrust 2672:antitrust 2539:Wisconsin 2172:gaslights 2061:Beethoven 1933:nominated 1318:Sotomayor 1225:Wellstone 1205:Stevenson 985:Jefferson 915:Feinstein 845:Buttigieg 792:Wellstone 627:Jefferson 617:Ingersoll 602:Galbraith 519:Third Way 474:Fair Deal 303:Third Way 266:Classical 206:Education 64:In office 9588:Ginsburg 9558:O'Connor 9532:Blackmun 9514:Goldberg 9508:B. White 9368:Brandeis 9350:J. Lamar 9293:E. White 9262:L. Lamar 9244:Matthews 9184:Clifford 9178:Campbell 9160:Woodbury 9142:McKinley 9100:Thompson 9052:S. Chase 9046:Paterson 8698:John Jay 8305:Asa Gray 8026:LibriVox 7695:Archived 7531:Archived 7365:: 1–52. 7290:: 2029. 7234:Archived 7203:Scribner 6878:Archived 6848:Archived 6767:cite web 6729:Archived 6694:Archived 6668:Archived 6642:Archived 6562:Archived 6455:Archived 6393:Archived 6350:Archived 6320:Archived 6268:Archived 6239:Archived 6197:Archived 6155:Archived 6074:Archived 6044:Archived 6018:Archived 5979:Archived 5926:Archived 5872:July 19, 5866:Archived 5815:July 19, 5809:Archived 5770:Archived 5736:Archived 5664:Archived 5639:Archived 5535:Archived 5505:Archived 5477:Archived 5453:Archived 5425:Archived 5353:Archived 5289:Archived 5219:July 24, 5163:Archived 5143:Archived 5059:Archived 4987:Archived 4950:Archived 4947:in JSTOR 4883:Archived 4854:Archived 4825:Archived 4583:July 28, 4577:Archived 4544:July 14, 4538:Archived 4483:Archived 4453:Archived 4413:Archived 4375:Archived 4350:Archived 4318:Archived 4279:Archived 4215:See also 3685:and the 3625:New York 3556:Doctrine 3459:New Deal 3422:(1991). 3324:Olmstead 3316:Olmstead 3297:Olmstead 3293:Olmstead 3278:Olmstead 3230:Olmstead 3118:Olmstead 3113:Marshall 2867:monopoly 2541:Senator 2482:keeping. 2155:, using 2072:Frankism 2065:Schumann 2057:Schiller 2012:scholar 1991:Frankist 1972:Frankist 1700:See also 1605:HuffPost 1444:Mugwumps 1313:Marshall 1288:Ginsburg 1253:Brandeis 1248:Blackmun 1190:Sharpton 1145:Randolph 1090:McGovern 1085:McCarthy 1045:King Jr. 1010:Kefauver 990:Jeffries 965:Humphrey 860:Chisholm 752:Trilling 742:Sullivan 707:Sharpton 672:Nussbaum 652:McGovern 647:McCarthy 637:King Jr. 607:Garrison 597:Friedman 587:Franklin 567:Douglass 557:Commager 504:New Deal 276:Economic 231:a series 198:Children 9630:Barrett 9618:Gorsuch 9570:Kennedy 9552:Stevens 9502:Stewart 9490:Brennan 9436:Douglas 9412:Cardozo 9392:Sanford 9306:McKenna 9300:Peckham 9220:Bradley 9130:Barbour 9118:Baldwin 9106:Trimble 9034:Iredell 9016:Cushing 8015:at the 7986:at the 7963:at the 7933:Q&A 7931:C-SPAN 7664:2109304 7628:1903737 7570:2078470 7478:1326686 7345:: 1179. 7296:2447775 7205:, 1971) 6990:at the 6884:July 7, 6854:July 7, 6735:May 18, 6725:4102356 6700:May 18, 6674:May 18, 6648:May 18, 6589:130-132 6378:, p. 48 6316:HISTORY 6245:May 26, 6203:May 25, 6161:May 25, 6024:July 9, 5985:May 18, 5975:4102356 5588:p. 154. 5407:May 31, 4367:"About" 4185:at the 4172:at the 4151:at the 4122:at the 4019:, near 3940:Kibbutz 3909:at the 3605:Zionist 3599:Zionism 3124:Whitney 2926:hearing 2875:cartoon 2133:Dresden 2102:Zionist 2098:Judaism 2076:secular 2002:Bohemia 1976:Bohemia 1845:on the 1497:AFL–CIO 1350:Parties 1328:Stevens 1298:Houston 1283:Dworkin 1278:Douglas 1268:Cardozo 1258:Brennan 1242:Jurists 1215:Wallace 1195:Shriver 1185:Schumer 1155:Reuther 1125:O'Neill 1100:Mondale 1075:Madison 1070:Lindsay 1065:Lincoln 995:Johnson 930:Gompers 925:Glasser 905:Dukakis 885:Clyburn 825:Anthony 820:Aguilar 762:Thoreau 757:Trotter 737:Stewart 732:Steinem 727:Stanton 712:Skinner 622:Ireland 592:Friedan 577:Emerson 572:Dworkin 458:History 260:Schools 192: 184: 9594:Breyer 9582:Thomas 9576:Souter 9564:Scalia 9538:Powell 9520:Fortas 9478:Minton 9466:Burton 9448:Byrnes 9442:Murphy 9386:Butler 9374:Clarke 9356:Pitney 9337:Hughes 9330:Lurton 9312:Holmes 9280:Shiras 9268:Brewer 9214:Strong 9196:Miller 9190:Swayne 9172:Curtis 9154:Nelson 9148:Daniel 9136:Catron 9112:McLean 9088:Duvall 9022:Wilson 7906: 7883: 7856: 7841: 7817: 7796: 7777: 7758: 7732:online 7662: 7626: 7597: 7585:: 31. 7568: 7527:797295 7525: 7496:: 769. 7476: 7446:: 163. 7377: 7328:: 557. 7315:: 653. 7294: 7271: 7231:review 7221:online 7183:online 7118:online 7108:online 7035:online 6822: 6723: 6595: 6231: 6189: 6147: 5973: 5955:18–26. 5894: 5858: 5801: 5345: 5270: 5083:(1981) 5051: 4765: 4569: 4532: 4407: 4310: 4059:Dallas 3963:Hadera 3953:Israel 3741:Legacy 3637:Reform 2991:, and 2691:Court. 2379:Dedham 2209:Boston 2053:Goethe 1998:Prague 1893:Russia 1877:, and 1721:(1950) 1400:(1948) 1394:(1924) 1388:(1912) 1338:Warren 1323:Souter 1293:Harlan 1273:Darrow 1263:Breyer 1220:Warren 1210:Truman 1140:Powell 1135:Pelosi 1120:Newsom 1115:Nelson 1110:Murray 1105:Murphy 1080:Markey 1000:Jordan 980:Javits 960:Huerta 945:Harris 910:Farmer 855:Chavez 850:Carter 815:Abrams 782:Warren 747:Sumner 722:Sontag 682:Pinker 667:Nozick 662:Murray 642:Maddow 552:Carson 547:Addams 542:Abbott 298:Social 288:Modern 175:Spouse 154:, U.S. 137:, U.S. 9612:Kagan 9600:Alito 9472:Clark 9418:Black 9399:Stone 9324:Moody 9274:Brown 9238:Woods 9208:Field 9202:Davis 9166:Grier 9124:Wayne 9094:Story 9064:Moore 9028:Blair 8963:cases 8947:cases 8931:cases 8915:cases 8899:cases 8883:cases 8867:cases 8851:cases 8835:cases 8819:cases 8803:cases 8787:cases 8771:cases 8755:cases 8739:cases 8723:cases 8707:cases 7660:JSTOR 7624:JSTOR 7595:S2CID 7566:JSTOR 7523:JSTOR 7474:JSTOR 7375:S2CID 6405:war." 5739:(PDF) 5728:(PDF) 5707:(PDF) 5696:(PDF) 5667:(PDF) 5660:(PDF) 5395:(PDF) 5268:S2CID 4857:(PDF) 4850:(PDF) 4259:Notes 4050:, in 4036:, in 4015:, in 3951:) in 3857:, in 3721:Death 2129:] 2010:Dante 1659:Salon 1618:MSNBC 1579:Media 1547:NARAL 1532:NAACP 1333:Tribe 1308:Kagan 1200:Smith 1130:Obama 1060:Lewis 1035:Kerry 1005:Kaine 955:Hoyer 940:Hamer 920:Frank 865:Clark 840:Bryan 835:Biden 830:Baker 810:Abzug 787:Wells 772:Vidal 767:Truth 717:Smith 692:Rorty 687:Rawls 677:Paine 582:Frank 562:Dewey 186:( 182: 9424:Reed 9250:Gray 9226:Hunt 9082:Todd 8718:1795 7904:ISBN 7881:ISBN 7839:ISBN 7815:ISBN 7794:ISBN 7775:ISBN 7756:ISBN 7539:2019 7444:1995 7363:2005 7292:SSRN 7269:ISBN 6886:2021 6856:2021 6820:ISBN 6800:2009 6773:link 6759:2009 6737:2022 6721:SSRN 6702:2022 6676:2022 6650:2022 6593:ISBN 6570:2024 6515:2013 6476:Time 6433:2007 6358:2022 6328:2022 6247:2020 6229:ISBN 6205:2020 6187:ISBN 6163:2020 6145:ISBN 6082:2021 6026:2013 5987:2022 5971:SSRN 5892:ISBN 5874:2016 5856:ISBN 5817:2016 5799:ISBN 5778:2022 5747:2022 5675:2022 5543:2024 5485:2022 5409:2024 5361:2016 5343:ISBN 5221:2012 5067:2016 5049:ISBN 4993:, 4 4891:2020 4865:2008 4833:2020 4763:ISBN 4585:2022 4567:ISBN 4546:2022 4530:ISSN 4491:2019 4461:2020 4421:2022 4405:ISSN 4383:2022 4326:2016 4308:ISBN 4287:2022 4026:The 4011:The 3972:, a 3918:The 3905:The 3877:The 3816:and 3804:The 3793:and 3751:Time 3666:and 3560:Erie 3554:Erie 3434:and 2872:Puck 2537:and 2353:1916 2331:in 2314:tort 2198:1900 2063:and 2055:and 1994:Jews 1891:and 1562:SNCC 1180:Rush 1150:Reid 1095:Milk 950:Hays 935:Gore 900:Dean 870:Clay 777:Ward 697:Rush 657:Mott 142:Died 118:Born 9318:Day 8039:at 8024:at 8006:at 7652:doi 7616:doi 7587:doi 7558:doi 7515:doi 7511:105 7466:doi 7424:doi 7390:". 7367:doi 7357:". 7337:". 7307:". 7197:. 7163:. 7029:. 7004:. 6522:at 5619:119 5530:NPR 5260:doi 4087:in 3881:'s 3583:in 3496:In 3461:of 3416:in 3358:In 3326:in 3218:in 2321:'s 2239:in 2131:in 1599:CNN 214:LLB 9678:: 8960:, 8944:, 8928:, 8912:, 8896:, 8880:, 8864:, 8848:, 8832:, 8816:, 8800:, 8784:, 8768:, 8752:, 8736:, 8720:, 8704:, 7864:. 7712:, 7701:, 7683:, 7658:. 7646:. 7622:. 7612:72 7610:. 7593:. 7583:30 7581:. 7564:. 7554:79 7552:. 7529:. 7521:. 7509:. 7505:. 7494:70 7492:. 7472:. 7462:29 7460:. 7442:. 7420:30 7418:. 7396:69 7394:. 7373:. 7361:. 7343:38 7341:. 7326:40 7324:. 7313:29 7311:. 7288:89 7286:. 7139:, 6911:, 6876:. 6872:. 6846:. 6842:. 6769:}} 6765:{{ 6727:. 6719:. 6692:. 6666:. 6640:. 6591:. 6560:. 6556:. 6539:, 6473:, 6441:^ 6410:^ 6348:. 6344:. 6318:. 6314:. 6274:, 6263:. 6237:. 6195:. 6153:. 6084:. 6070:26 6068:. 6064:. 6016:. 5977:. 5969:. 5864:. 5807:. 5768:. 5764:. 5730:. 5715:^ 5698:. 5683:^ 5551:^ 5527:. 5516:^ 5500:: 5464:^ 5431:, 5397:. 5369:^ 5351:. 5295:, 5266:. 5256:30 5254:. 5229:^ 5211:. 5187:^ 5101:^ 5057:. 5002:^ 4973:^ 4921:^ 4899:^ 4881:. 4852:. 4823:. 4795:^ 4773:^ 4705:^ 4671:^ 4593:^ 4575:. 4536:. 4528:. 4524:. 4499:^ 4481:. 4477:. 4447:. 4429:^ 4411:. 4403:. 4399:. 4373:. 4369:. 4316:. 4266:^ 3845:. 3828:. 3812:, 3652:: 3446:. 3284:" 3272:, 3268:, 3169:. 3039:. 3023:. 2987:, 2865:, 2545:. 2455:: 2351:c. 2337:. 2275:. 2196:c. 2127:de 2067:. 2000:, 1953:. 1831:aɪ 1410:) 233:on 188:m. 9644:* 8966:) 8956:( 8950:) 8940:( 8934:) 8924:( 8918:) 8908:( 8902:) 8892:( 8886:) 8876:( 8870:) 8860:( 8854:) 8844:( 8838:) 8828:( 8822:) 8812:( 8806:) 8796:( 8790:) 8780:( 8774:) 8764:( 8758:) 8748:( 8742:) 8732:( 8726:) 8716:( 8710:) 8700:( 8664:e 8657:t 8650:v 8105:e 8098:t 8091:v 7973:. 7957:. 7912:. 7889:. 7847:. 7823:. 7802:. 7783:. 7764:. 7666:. 7654:: 7648:1 7630:. 7618:: 7601:. 7589:: 7572:. 7560:: 7541:. 7517:: 7480:. 7468:: 7430:. 7426:: 7381:. 7369:: 7298:. 7277:. 6888:. 6858:. 6828:. 6802:. 6775:) 6761:. 6739:. 6704:. 6678:. 6652:. 6601:. 6572:. 6526:. 6517:. 6435:. 6360:. 6330:. 6249:. 6207:. 6165:. 6028:. 5989:. 5876:. 5819:. 5780:. 5749:. 5677:. 5621:. 5545:. 5487:. 5411:. 5363:. 5274:. 5262:: 5223:. 5069:. 4893:. 4867:. 4835:. 4587:. 4548:. 4493:. 4463:. 4423:. 4385:. 4356:. 4328:. 4289:. 4068:. 4061:. 3991:. 3965:. 3897:. 3084:" 2820:. 2475:' 1837:/ 1834:s 1828:d 1825:n 1822:æ 1819:r 1816:b 1813:ˈ 1810:/ 1806:( 1792:e 1785:t 1778:v 1406:( 216:) 212:( 201:2 130:) 126:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index