708:
1363:
624:
1555:
146:
580:
40:
268:
was signed in 1579, the
Lordship of Groningen also joined. But there was much more enthusiasm in the Ommelanden, who saw this as an opportunity to regain their independence from the city, than in Groningen itself. In March 1580, Stadtholder
252:, but with preservation of their ancient rights and privileges. Because of the predominant position of the city, the union was never very successful. In 1548 the Lordship of Groningen became part of the
1329:
1073:
1681:
1317:
273:
succeeded in convincing the city of
Groningen to leave the Union of Utrecht and to remain loyal to the King of Spain. The city now became a northern bastion for the Spanish in the
612:
590:
1103:
1000:
1359:
1181:
1040:
1093:
1717:
1118:
1088:
1083:
1159:
1128:
1113:
380:"The Evolution of the Money Standard in Medieval Frisia: A Treatise on the History of the Systems of Money of Account in the Former Frisia (c.600-c.1500)"
605:
1554:
312:
139:
620:
957:
598:
284:
The lordship was abolished but the city and the
Ommelanden remained united in one province. Groningen and the Ommelanden became part of the
1702:
1351:
1707:
584:
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551:
526:
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422:
1646:
628:
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671:
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241:
1712:
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233:
85:
661:
544:
Dictionary of battles and sieges: a guide to 8,500 battles from antiquity through the twenty-first century
686:
213:
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278:
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656:
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1278:
1123:
1020:
995:
274:
193:
164:
711:
The Lower
Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (red) within the Holy Roman Empire (white) after 1548
212:. The city of Groningen had already gained its independence from its formal landlord, the
8:
1616:
1458:
1380:
1233:
1186:
1133:
1098:
1068:
1030:
977:
819:
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216:
in the 12th century. The
Ommelanden, together with their Frisian neighbours, enjoyed the
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632:
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360:
253:
189:
1638:
1522:
1494:
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1432:
1169:
952:
350:
265:
355:
338:
1659:
1634:
1540:
1298:
1270:
944:
926:
913:
824:
780:
412:
217:
1508:
1436:
1428:
1274:
1035:
962:
921:
784:
285:
177:
339:"Frisonica libertas : Frisian freedom as an instance of medieval liberty"
1696:
834:
798:
737:
707:
640:
364:
237:
561:
757:
719:
185:
62:
752:
732:
249:
277:, but they lost more and more territory until the city was taken in the
868:
209:
39:
205:
50:
1504:
1223:
1218:
905:
876:
803:
775:
220:
and had never had a Lord. Therefore, before 1536, the concept of a
767:
240:, the city of Groningen and the Ommelanden came under the rule of
1241:
1228:
1563:
579:
468:"Groningen | Dutch Province, Cities & History | Britannica"
1605:
1078:
192:
between 1536 and 1594, which is the present-day province of
1015:
848:
844:
519:
The Dutch
Republic: its rise, greatness and fall, 1477-1806
494:
1694:
208:and the surrounding countryside, known as the
1345:
606:
1718:1536 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
521:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 246–50.
60:
23:
1352:
1338:
613:
599:
38:
354:
706:
286:Republic of the Seven United Netherlands
491:
414:Spain, 1469-1714: A Society of Conflict
377:
204:A distinction must be made between the
1695:
541:
516:
1333:
594:
410:
336:
313:"GRONINGA in "Enciclopedia Italiana""
462:
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406:
404:
307:
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13:
1703:Former polities in the Netherlands
259:
232:After the Habsburg victory in the
14:
1729:
572:
455:
401:
298:
1553:
1361:
629:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
622:
578:
546:. Greenwood Press. p. 412.
144:
1708:History of Groningen (province)
535:
510:
485:
439:"Genealogie in de Nederlanden"
431:
371:
330:
199:
1:
496:(1st ed.). De Harmonie.
356:10.1080/03044181.2015.1034162
291:
242:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
337:Vries, Oebele (2015-04-03).
315:. 2019-05-09. Archived from
234:Battle of Heiligerlee (1536)
227:
7:
411:Kamen, Henry (2014-03-26).
387:Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
343:Journal of Medieval History
10:
1734:
1074:Blankenheim and Gerolstein
244:. They were joined in the
1647:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
1614:
1598:
1580:
1562:
1551:
1475:
1394:
1378:
1283:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
1250:
1199:
1145:
1061:
856:
843:
766:
718:
704:
639:
517:Israel, Jonathan (1995).
417:. Routledge. p. 68.
160:
119:
115:
105:
95:
82:
78:
70:
56:
46:
37:
32:
18:
1682:Unencircled territories
1318:Unencircled territories
712:
378:Henstra, Dirk (2000).
188:under the rule of the
182:Heerlijkheid Groningen
181:
107:• Disestablished
61:
25:Heerlijkheid Groningen
24:
1633:. Circles est. 1500:
1599:Dependent territories
710:
585:Lordship of Groningen
542:Jaques, Tony (2007).
492:Blokker, Jan (2006).
246:Lordship of Groningen
174:Lordship of Groningen
86:Battle of Heiligerlee
20:Lordship of Groningen
1386:Habsburg Netherlands
587:at Wikimedia Commons
1713:Seventeen Provinces
1658:Circles est. 1512:
1381:Seventeen Provinces
1370:(1512–1797) of the
1297:Circles est. 1512:
1269:Circles est. 1500:
631:(1500–1806) of the
224:had never existed.
97:• Established
1679:
1675:
1628:
1621:
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1258:
1254:
1011:Salm-Reifferscheid
713:
472:www.britannica.com
271:George van Lalaing
1688:
1687:
1672:Electoral Rhenish
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1514:
1463:
1455:
1442:
1421:
1408:
1372:Holy Roman Empire
1368:Burgundian Circle
1327:
1326:
1311:Electoral Rhenish
1267:status uncertain
1238:
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1194:
1138:
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633:Holy Roman Empire
583:Media related to
553:978-0-313-33536-5
528:978-0-19-873072-9
503:978-90-6169-741-1
424:978-1-317-75500-5
275:Eighty Years' War
254:Burgundian Circle
222:Lord of Groningen
214:Bishop of Utrecht
206:City of Groningen
190:House of Habsburg
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169:
156:
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151:
1725:
1680:
1676:
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1557:
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1433:Nijmegen Quarter
1419:
1406:
1392:
1391:
1366:
1365:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1266:
1260:without seat in
1259:
1255:
1236:
1136:
1104:Kerpen-Lommersum
1052:
985:
970:
947:
939:
916:
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748:Stavelot–Malmedy
697:
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582:
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396:
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384:
375:
369:
368:
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334:
328:
327:
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324:
309:
266:Union of Utrecht
148:
147:
136:
135:
121:
120:
66:
42:
27:
16:
15:
1733:
1732:
1728:
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1723:
1722:
1693:
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1610:
1594:
1576:
1558:
1545:
1471:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1360:
1358:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1264:
1257:
1253:
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839:
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714:
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635:
623:
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619:
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443:www.wazamar.org
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299:
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262:
260:Dutch rebellion
248:and ruled by a
230:
218:Frisian freedom
202:
145:
108:
98:
88:
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1731:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
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1685:
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1487:
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1479:
1473:
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1469:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1443:
1429:Veluwe Quarter
1422:
1414:
1409:
1400:
1398:
1389:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1357:
1356:
1349:
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743:KornelimĂĽnster
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641:Prince-bishops
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573:External links
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1291:(Lower) Saxon
1288:
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1279:Upper Rhenish
1276:
1272:
1263:
1262:Imperial Diet
1249:
1243:
1240:
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946:
943:
938:
935:
933:
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928:
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923:
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746:
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723:
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720:Prince-abbots
717:
709:
696:
693:
688:
685:
683:
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678:
675:
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663:
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638:
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416:
415:
407:
405:
388:
381:
374:
366:
362:
357:
352:
348:
344:
340:
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319:on 2019-05-09
318:
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297:
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267:
257:
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238:Guelders Wars
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211:
207:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
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161:Today part of
159:
143:
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140:Stad en Lande
138:
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134:
132:
131:
128:
125:
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122:
118:
114:
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104:
100:
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64:
59:
55:
52:
49:
45:
41:
36:
31:
26:
17:
1690:
1663:
1531:(since 1548)
1513:(since 1548)
1462:(since 1548)
1454:(since 1548)
1441:(since 1548)
1420:(since 1548)
1416:
1407:(since 1548)
1396:Seceded 1581
1282:
1268:
1237:(until 1648)
1137:(until 1548)
1053:(until 1548)
1001:Reichenstein
986:(until 1548)
971:(until 1664)
948:(until 1541)
940:(until 1546)
937:Manderscheid
917:(until 1614)
909:(until 1548)
901:(until 1548)
897:
893:(until 1667)
885:(until 1548)
872:(until 1719)
815:(until 1548)
807:(until 1548)
698:(until 1648)
690:(until 1548)
652:(until 1678)
543:
537:
518:
512:
493:
487:
476:. Retrieved
474:. 2024-05-06
471:
446:. Retrieved
442:
433:
413:
391:. Retrieved
389:. p. 85
386:
373:
346:
342:
332:
321:. Retrieved
317:the original
283:
263:
245:
231:
221:
203:
173:
171:
127:Succeeded by
126:
63:Heerlijkheid
1668:Upper Saxon
1307:Upper Saxon
1256:until 1648
1182:Spiegelberg
1155:Delmenhorst
1026:Tecklenburg
890:East Frisia
790:East Frisia
250:Stadtholder
236:during the
200:Before 1536
1697:Categories
1664:Burgundian
1651:Franconian
1631:until 1678
1624:until 1659
1617:until 1648
1451:Overijssel
1303:Burgundian
1287:Franconian
1252:from 1648
1165:Schaumburg
1109:Myllendonk
1094:Hallermund
1021:Schaumburg
996:Ravensberg
983:Overijssel
968:Dillenburg
869:Bronkhorst
478:2024-06-06
448:2024-06-07
349:(2): 231.
323:2024-06-06
292:References
210:Ommelanden
57:Government
1528:Luxemburg
1417:Groningen
1412:Friesland
1187:Steinfurt
1148:uncertain
1119:Schleiden
1099:Holzappel
1089:Gronsfeld
1062:From 1792
1045:Beilstein
1041:Winneburg
1031:Virneburg
978:Oldenburg
898:Groningen
857:From 1500
812:Luxemburg
682:Paderborn
677:OsnabrĂĽck
365:0304-4181
281:in 1594.
264:When the
228:Charles V
194:Groningen
165:Groningen
51:Groningen
33:1536–1594
1660:Austrian
1635:Bavarian
1590:Besançon
1572:Burgundy
1536:Mechelen
1505:Guelders
1500:Flanders
1477:Remained
1425:Guelders
1299:Austrian
1271:Bavarian
1224:Duisburg
1219:Dortmund
1160:Fagnolle
1124:Wickrath
1114:Reckheim
1006:Rietberg
906:Guelders
877:Diepholz
864:Bentheim
804:Guelders
776:Arenberg
562:68786744
186:lordship
184:) was a
1639:Swabian
1523:Limburg
1518:Hainaut
1495:Brabant
1485:Antwerp
1467:Zeeland
1459:Utrecht
1446:Holland
1437:Zutphen
1404:Drenthe
1316:
1275:Swabian
1242:Warburg
1229:Herford
1214:Cologne
1134:Utrecht
1084:Gimborn
1050:Zutphen
991:Pyrmont
963:Hadamar
882:Drenthe
768:Secular
738:Herford
687:Utrecht
672:MĂĽnster
649:Cambrai
84:•
71:History
47:Capital
1582:Cities
1564:County
1490:Artois
1313:
1234:Verden
1209:Aachen
1201:Cities
1146:Status
1129:Wittem
1069:Anholt
953:Nassau
927:Lingen
845:Counts
835:Verden
820:Minden
795:JĂĽlich
781:Cleves
758:Werden
728:Corvey
695:Verden
667:Minden
657:Corvey
560:
550:
525:
500:
421:
393:7 June
363:
74:
1606:Breda
1541:Namur
1175:Lippe
1170:Hesse
1079:Gemen
945:Moers
932:Lippe
914:Horne
849:Lords
825:Moers
783:with
753:Thorn
733:Essen
662:Liège
383:(PDF)
279:siege
178:Dutch
1435:and
1043:and
1036:Wied
1016:Sayn
958:Diez
922:Hoya
799:Berg
785:Mark
558:OCLC
548:ISBN
523:ISBN
498:ISBN
419:ISBN
395:2024
361:ISSN
172:The
111:1594
101:1536
351:doi
1699::
1677:·
1670:,
1666:,
1662:,
1653:,
1649:,
1645:,
1641:,
1637:,
1511:)
1439:)
1431:,
1383:of
1309:,
1305:,
1301:,
1289:,
1285:,
1281:,
1277:,
1273:,
847:/
556:.
470:.
457:^
441:.
403:^
385:.
359:.
347:41
345:.
341:.
300:^
288:.
256:.
196:.
180::
1626:;
1619:;
1507:(
1427:(
1353:e
1346:t
1339:v
797:–
614:e
607:t
600:v
564:.
531:.
506:.
481:.
451:.
427:.
397:.
367:.
353::
326:.
176:(
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