Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston

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reflect on the season of the year when that war broke out, on the means which this country could have applied for deciding in one sense that issue, I am satisfied that those who make these reflections will think that we acted wisely in not embarking in that dispute. (Cheers.) To have sent a fleet in midwinter to the Baltic every sailor would tell you was an impossibility, but if it could have gone it would have been attended by no effectual result. Ships sailing on the sea cannot stop armies on land, and to have attempted to stop the progress of an army by sending a fleet to the Baltic would have been attempting to do that which it was not possible to accomplish. (Hear, hear.) If England could have sent an army, and although we all know how admirable that army is on the peace establishment, we must acknowledge that we have no means of sending out a force at all equal to cope with the 300,000 or 400,000 men whom the 30,000,000 or 40,000,000 of Germany could have pitted against us, and that such an attempt would only have insured a disgraceful discomfiture—not to the army, indeed, but to the Government which sent out an inferior force and expected it to cope successfully with a force so vastly superior. (Cheers.) ... we did not think that the Danish cause would be considered as sufficiently British, and as sufficiently bearing on the interests and the security and the honour of England, as to make it justifiable to ask the country to make those exertions which such a war would render necessary.

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reorganizing the internal system of the empire, there is no reason whatever why it should not become again a respectable Power" and challenged the metaphor that an old country, such as Turkey should be in such disrepair as would be warranted by the comparison: "Half the wrong conclusions at which mankind arrive are reached by the abuse of metaphors, and by mistaking general resemblance or imaginary similarity for real identity." However, when the power of Muhammad Ali appeared to threaten the existence of the Ottoman dynasty, particularly given the death of Sultan Mahmud II on 1 July 1839, he succeeded in bringing the great powers together to sign a collective note on 27 July pledging them to maintain the independence and integrity of the Turkish Empire in order to preserve the security and peace of Europe. However, by 1840 Muhammad Ali had occupied

3091:. In a speech to the Commons on 23 July 1863, Palmerston said the British government, like those of France and Russia, wished that "the independence, the integrity, and the rights of Denmark may be maintained. We are convinced—I am convinced at least—that if any violent attempt were made to overthrow those rights and interfere with that independence, those who made the attempt would find in the result that it would not be Denmark alone with which they would have to contend". Palmerston's stance derived from the traditional belief that France was the greater threat to Britain and was much stronger than Austria and Prussia. In any case, France and Britain were at odds over Poland, and Paris refused to cooperate with London on the Danish crisis. Public opinion in Britain was strongly pro-Danish, thanks especially to 11573: 10831: 1986: 2284:

distrust among other politicians and angered the Court. Prince Albert complained Palmerston had sent a dispatch without showing the sovereign. Protesting innocence, Palmerston resigned. Palmerston was weakened because Parliament, where he had great support, was not in session. Palmerston continued to have wide approval among the newspapers, elite opinion, and the middle class voters. His popularity led to distrust among rivals and especially at the Royal Court. His fall demonstrates the lack of power of public opinion in a pre-democratic era. However, Palmerston kept his public support and the growing influence of public opinion steadily increased his political strength in the 1850s and 1860s.

712: 2616:. Playing the patriotism card, Palmerston said that Cobden demonstrated "an anti-English feeling, an abnegation of all those ties which bind men to their country and to their fellow countrymen, which I should hardly have expected from the lips of any member of this House. Everything that was English was wrong, and everything that was hostile to England was right." He went on to say that if a motion of censure was carried it would signal that the House had voted to "abandon a large community of British subjects at the extreme end of the globe to a set of barbarians – a set of kidnapping, murdering, poisoning barbarians." The censure motion was carried by a majority of sixteen and the 1142:

that if Denmark had evidenced any hostility towards this country, then we should have been justified in measures of retaliation... Denmark coerced into hostility stands in the same position as Denmark voluntarily hostile, when the law of self-preservation comes into play...Does anyone believe that Buonaparte will be restrained by any considerations of justice from acting towards Denmark as he has done towards other countries? ... England, according to that law of self-preservation which is a fundamental principle of the law of nations, is justified in securing, and therefore enforcing, from Denmark a neutrality which France would by compulsion have converted into an active hostility.

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himself to a changing world". Thus Britain was militarily unable to stop Bismarck's armies and misunderstood Bismarck's ambitions. Russian historian V. N. Vinogradov writes: "In place of the former insight came bias in judgments and stubbornness in defending outdated views. Palmerston continued to consider Prussia 'an instrument in the hands of Austria', its army weak and doomed to defeat, and its public to consist of romantically minded students and dreamy professors. And Otto von Bismarck quietly annexed the two Duchies to Prussia, and at the same time the

3455: 8088: 8068: 4262: 4247: 1536:– the supporters of Don Carlos – and he rejected direct interference in Spain. It is probable that the hesitation of the French court on this question was one of the causes of the enduring personal hostility Palmerston showed towards the French king thereafter, though that sentiment may well have arisen earlier. Although Palmerston wrote in June 1834 that Paris was "the pivot of my foreign policy", the differences between the two countries grew into a constant but sterile rivalry that brought benefit to neither. 1582: 1480:, but one subject to the balance of power on the Continent, and in particular the preservation of Belgian independence. If the reactionary powers supported William I by force, they would encounter the resistance of France and Britain united in arms. If France sought to annex Belgium, it would forfeit the British alliance and find herself opposed by the whole of Europe. In the end the British policy prevailed. Although the continent had been close to war, peace was maintained on London's terms and Prince 11057: 10472: 1301: 2576: 2480:(25 October 1854). The health and living conditions of the British soldiers became notorious and the press, with correspondents in the field, made the most of the situation. Tories demanded an accounting of all soldiers, cavalry and sailors sent to the Crimea and accurate figures as to the number of casualties. When Parliament passed a bill to investigate by a vote of 305 to 148, Aberdeen said he had lost a vote of no confidence and resigned as prime minister on 30 January 1855. 1438: 12831: 12547: 10996: 9676: 2531: 11008: 1815: 2803:

fixedly at the paper before him, saying nothing until there was a lull in Gladstone's outpouring. He then rapped the table and said cheerfully: 'Now, my Lords and gentlemen, let us go to business'." Palmerston told Lord Shaftesbury: "Gladstone will soon have it all his own way and whenever he gets my place we shall have strange doings". He told another friend that he thought Gladstone would wreck the Liberal Party and end up in a madhouse.

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truckling to a foreign despot; he preached the Balance of Power, yet helped to inaugurate the policy of isolation and of British withdrawal from Europe. Irresponsible and flippant, he became the first hero of the serious middle-class electorate. He reached high office solely through an irregular family connection; he retained it through skilful use of the press—the only Prime Minister to become an accomplished leader-writer.

3795: 2984: 2391:'s plans for giving the vote to sections of the urban working-classes. When the Cabinet agreed in December 1853 to introduce a bill during the next session of Parliament in the form which Russell wanted, Palmerston resigned. However, Aberdeen told him that no definite decision on reform had been taken and persuaded Palmerston to return to the Cabinet. The electoral Reform Bill did not pass Parliament that year. 2076:. Yet, his opposition to Austria was chiefly based upon its occupation of northeastern Italy and |its Italian policy. Palmerston maintained that the existence of Austria as a great power north of the Alps was an essential element in the system of Europe. Antipathies and sympathies had a large share in the political views of Palmerston, and his sympathies had ever been passionately awakened by the cause of 2811:

this would not come about unless the working class showed an interest in reform. Palmerston believed that this was incitement to the working class to begin agitating for reform and told Gladstone: "What every Man and Woman too have a Right to, is to be well governed and under just Laws, and they who propose a change ought to shew that the present organization does not accomplish those objects".

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engagements entered into between Guizot and Lord Aberdeen. However little the conduct of the French government in this transaction of the Spanish marriages can be vindicated, it is certain that it originated in the belief that in Palmerston France had a restless and subtle enemy. The efforts of the British minister to defeat the French marriages of the Spanish princesses, by an appeal to the

913: 43: 3224:, Palmerston replied: "Oh, surely." His last words were, "That's Article 98; now go on to the next." (He was thinking about diplomatic treaties.) An apocryphal version of his last words is: "Die, my dear doctor? That is the last thing I shall do." He died at 10:45 am on Wednesday, 18 October 1865, two days before his eighty-first birthday. Although Palmerston wanted to be buried at 2663:, which for the first time made it possible for courts to grant a divorce and removed divorce from the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical courts. The opponents in Parliament, who included Gladstone, were the first in British history to try to kill a bill by filibuster. Nonetheless, Palmerston was determined to get the bill through, which he did. In June news came to Britain of the 2457: 3330:. He wished to see this liberal system of a mixed constitution in-between the two extremes of absolute monarchy and republican democracy replace the absolute monarchies on the Continent. More recently some historians have seen his domestic policies as prime minister as not merely liberal but genuinely progressive by the standards of his era. 3148:], are to be regarded as mere idle menaces to be laughed at and despised by foreign powers." Palmerston replied in the last night of the debate: "I say that England stands as high as she ever did and those who say she had fallen in the estimation of the world are not the men to whom the honour and dignity of England should be confided". 2955:"It is difficult not to come to the conclusion that the rabid hatred of England which animates the exiled Irishmen who direct almost all the Northern newspapers, will so excite the masses as to make it impossible for Lincoln and Seward to grant our demands; and we must therefore look forward to war as the probable result." 1434:

serious trouble simultaneously taking place in Belgium and Italy, and lesser issues in Greece and Portugal, he sought to de-escalate European tensions rather than aggravate them, favouring a policy of universal non-interventionism. He therefore focused chiefly on achieving a peaceful settlement of the crisis in Belgium.

2923:"...the American War... has manifestly ceased to have any attainable object as far as the Northerns are concerned, except to get rid of some more thousand troublesome Irish and Germans. It must be owned, however, that the Anglo-Saxon race on both sides have shown courage and endurance highly honourable to their stock." 3207:

States and looked forward to Prussia becoming more powerful as this would balance against the growing threat from Russia. In a letter to Russell he warned that Russia "will in due time become a power almost as great as the old Roman Empire ... Germany ought to be strong in order to resist Russian aggression."

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he worked hard. In later life he took an increasing pleasure in the game of politics, and ultimately became an adroit and successful prime minister.... in the end he became one of the great Victorian public personalities, a legend in his own lifetime, the personification of an England that was already passing away.

2687:). Palmerston introduced a Conspiracy to Murder bill, which made it a felony to plot in Britain to murder someone abroad. At first reading, the Conservatives voted for it but at second reading they voted against it. Palmerston lost by nineteen votes. Therefore, in February 1858 he was forced to resign. 3353:, a longstanding radical critic of Palmerston, asked Rosebery if he had read about Palmerston's policies as foreign secretary. Rosebery replied that he had. "Then", said Bright, "you know what to avoid. Do the exact opposite of what he did. His administration at the Foreign Office was one long crime." 2854:. Palmerston and Lyons both had similar sociopolitical sympathies: both advocated monarchy and foreign interventionism. Throughout the American Civil War, Palmerston and Richard Lyons maintained an extensive confidential correspondence. Their actions were responsible for the peaceful resolution of the 3387:

whose attempts to abolish the slave trade was one of the most consistent elements of his foreign policy. His opposition to the slave trade created tensions with South American countries and the United States over his insistence that the Royal Navy had the right to search the vessels of any country if

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On 27 June, Palmerston gave his statement to the Commons and said Britain would not go to war with the German powers unless the existence of Denmark as an independent power was at stake or Denmark's capital was threatened. The Conservatives replied that Palmerston had betrayed the Danes and a vote of

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and ports, which Palmerston vigorously supported. Objecting to the enormous expense, Gladstone repeatedly threatened to resign as Chancellor when the proposals were accepted. Palmerston said that he had received so many resignation letters from Gladstone that he feared that they would set fire to the

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could be captured, putting the allies in a stronger negotiating position. In September Sevastopol finally surrendered and the allies had full control of the Black Sea theatre. Russia came to terms. On 27 February 1856 an armistice was signed and after a month's negotiations an agreement was signed at

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which stopped the practice of employers paying workmen in goods instead of money, or forcing them to purchase goods from shops owned by the employers. In August 1853, Palmerston introduced the Smoke Abatement Act in order to combat the increasing smoke from coal fires, a problem greatly aggravated by

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Notwithstanding his parliamentary triumph in the Don Pacifico affair, many of his own colleagues and supporters criticised the spirit in which the foreign relations of the Crown were carried on. The Queen addressed a minute to the Prime Minister in which she recorded her dissatisfaction at the manner

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Conflict between China and Britain was inevitable. On the one side was a corrupt, decadent and caste-ridden despotism, with no desire or ability to wage war, which relied on custom much more than force for the enforcement of extreme privilege and discrimination, and which was blinded by a deep-rooted

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Palmerston's overall policy was to safeguard British interests, maintain peace, keep the balance of power, and retain the status quo in Europe. He had no grievance against Russia and while he privately sympathised with the Polish cause, in his role as foreign minister he rejected Polish demands. With

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Palmerston entered the office of Foreign Secretary with great energy and continued to exert his influence there for twenty years; he held it from 1830 to 1834 (his apprentice years), 1835 to 1841, and 1846 to 1851. Basically, Palmerston was responsible for the whole of British foreign policy from the

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and later remembered Palmerston as by far the most merciful of the three. Temple was often engaged in school fights and fellow Old Harrovians remembered Temple as someone who stood up to bullies twice his size. Henry Temple's father took him to the House of Commons in 1799, where the young Palmerston

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Fundamentally he was a professional politician, shrewd, cynical, resilient; tough and sometimes unscrupulous; quick to seize opportunities; always ready either to abandon an impossible cause or bide his time for a more favourable opportunity. He liked power, he needed his salary, he enjoyed office,

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was told by a member of the Cabinet that "at the beginning of each session and after each holiday, Mr Gladstone used to come in charged to the muzzle with all sorts of schemes of all sorts of reforms which were absolutely necessary in his opinion to be immediately undertaken. Palmerston used to look

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into law, which was introduced as a private member's bill, and which Palmerston persuaded the government to support. The Act made vaccination of children compulsory for the first time. Palmerston outlawed the burying of the dead in churches. The right to bury the dead in churches was held by wealthy

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invented for the torment and perplexity of the French nation". However, the Cabinet decided that Britain must be neutral, and so Palmerston requested his officials to be diplomatic. Palmerston's widespread support among the press, educated public opinion, and ordinary Britons caused apprehension and

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mob, which included the sons of a Greek government minister. The Greek police did not intervene in the attack, despite being present. Because Don Pacifico was a British subject, the British government expressed concern. In January 1850, Palmerston took advantage of Don Pacifico's claims on the Greek

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of the constitutional states (Britain, France, Spain & Portugal) to serve as a counterpoise to the reactionary alliance. A treaty for the pacification of the Peninsula was signed in London on 22 April 1834 and, although the struggle was somewhat prolonged in Spain, it accomplished its objective.

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and most of the political leadership distrusted him, he received and sustained the favour of the press and the populace, from whom he received the affectionate sobriquet "Pam". Palmerston's alleged weaknesses included mishandling of personal relations, and continual disagreements with the Queen over

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Europe's leaders were unable to settle the matter by peaceful compromise. Palmerston's biographer William Baring Pemberton argued that his "failure to understand Bismarck lies at the root of his misunderstanding of the Schleswig-Holstein question, and it derived from an old man's inability to adapt

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Russell and the Queen both hoped that the other would take the initiative and dismiss Palmerston; the Queen was dissuaded by her husband Prince Albert, who took the limits of constitutional power very seriously, and Russell by Palmerston's prestige with the people and his competence in an otherwise

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Emily's son-in-law, |Lord Shaftesbury wrote: "His attentions to Lady Palmerston, when they both of them were well stricken in years, were those of a perpetual courtship. The sentiment was reciprocal; and I have frequently seen them go out on a morning to plant some trees, almost believing that they

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wrote to the young Palmerston's parents that Henry Temple was well-mannered and charming. Stewart wrote to a friend, saying of Temple: "In point of temper and conduct he is everything his friends could wish. Indeed, I cannot say that I have ever seen a more faultless character at this time of life,

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for damages against Britain, which Palmerston refused to pay. After his death, Gladstone acknowledged the U.S. claim and agreed to arbitration, paying out $ 15,500,000 in damages. However, no compensation for damages done to the U.S. by British-built blockade runners carrying arms supplies to the

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with regard to Russia. The British Government had to determine whether the situation in North America or the containment of Russia was more urgent. The decision was to give priority to threats closer to home and to decline France's suggestion of a joint intervention in America; the threatened race

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introduced a Reform Bill in the Commons, Palmerston ordered Gladstone to not commit himself and the government to any particular scheme. Instead Gladstone said in his speech in the Commons that he did not see why any man should not have the vote unless he was mentally incapacitated, but added that

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Meanwhile, he manipulated information and public opinion to enhance his control of his department, including controlling communications within the office and to other officials. He leaked secrets to the press, published selected documents, and released letters to give himself more control and more

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I am sure every Englishman who has a heart in his breast and a feeling of justice in his mind, sympathizes with those unfortunate Danes (cheers), and wishes that this country could have been able to draw the sword successfully in their defence (continued cheers); but I am satisfied that those who

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The vote of censure was defeated by 313 votes to 295, with Palmerston's old enemies in the pacifist camp, Cobden and Bright, voting for him. The result of the vote was announced at 2:30 in the morning, and when Palmerston heard the news he ran up the stairs to the Ladies' Gallery and embraced his

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Palmerston replied that the fleet could not do much to assist the Danes in Copenhagen and that nothing should be done to persuade Napoleon to cross the Rhine. Britain had a small army and it had no powerful ally to help. Bismarck remarked that the Royal Navy lacked wheels—it was powerless on land

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from his rash attack on the superior forces of Austria, he obtained for him a reduction of the penalty of defeat. Austria, weakened by the revolution, sent an envoy to London to request the mediation of Britain, based on a large cession of Italian territory. Palmerston rejected the terms he might

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Historian David Brown rejects the traditional interpretation to the effect that Aberdeen had forged an entente cordiale with France in the early 1840s whereupon the belligerent Palmerston after 1846 destroyed that friendly relationship. Brown argues that as foreign secretary from 1846 to 1851 and

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for Palmerston in Britain kept the peace. Palmerston believed that peace with France was not to be relied on, and indeed that war between the two countries was sooner or later inevitable. Aberdeen and Guizot inaugurated a different policy: by mutual confidence and friendly offices, they entirely

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thus: "Coercion of Mehemet Ali by England if war broke out might appear partial and unjust; but we are partial; and the great interests of Europe require that we should be so....No ideas therefore of fairness towards Mehemet ought to stand in the way of such great and paramount interests." Having

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was called to address this question. The British solution involved the independence of Belgium, which Palmerston believed would greatly contribute to the security of Britain, but any solution was not straightforward. On the one hand, the reactionary powers were anxious to defend William I; on the

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On 26 February 1828, Palmerston delivered a speech in favour of Catholic emancipation. He felt that it was unseemly to relieve the "imaginary grievances" of the Dissenters from the established church while at the same time "real afflictions pressed upon the Catholics" of Great Britain. Palmerston

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it is defensible on the ground that the enormous power of France enables her to coerce the weaker state to become an enemy of England... It is the law of self-preservation that England appeals for the justification of her proceedings. It is admitted by the honourable gentleman and his supporters,

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He advised that more armaments be sent to Canada and more troops be sent to Ireland. During these last few weeks of his life, Palmerston pondered on developments in foreign affairs. He began thinking of a new friendship with France as "a sort of preliminary defensive alliance" against the United

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The French government regarded the appointment of Palmerston as a certain sign of renewed hostilities. They availed themselves of a dispatch in which he had put forward the name of a Coburg prince as a candidate for the hand of the young queen of Spain as a justification for a departure from the

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of Egypt. Later, after Russian successes, in 1833 and 1835 he made proposals to afford material aid, which were overruled by the cabinet. Palmerston held that "if we can procure for it ten years of peace under the joint protection of the five Powers, and if those years are profitably employed in

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For twenty years junior minister in a Tory government, he became the most successful of Whig Foreign Secretaries; though always a Conservative, he ended his life by presiding over the transition from Whiggism to Liberalism. He was the exponent of British strength, yet was driven from office for

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Palmerston placed his trust... in the Press which he was at pains to manipulate; in Parliament, which he learnt better than any man then living to manage; and the Country, whose temper he knew how to catch and the weight of his name and resources he brought to bear upon every negotiation with a

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reacted differently upon hearing of his death: "He will be a great loss to us. Tho' he made a joke when asked to do the right thing, he always did it. No one else will be able to carry things thro' the Cabinet as he did. I shall lose a powerful protector...He was so much more in earnest than he

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in his home Foxhills, built in about 1840. On 12 October 1865, he caught a chill. Instead of retiring immediately to bed, Palmerston spent an hour and a half dawdling. He then had a violent fever but his condition stabilised for the next few days. However, on the night of 17 October, his health

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Therefore I say that it is a narrow policy to suppose that this country or that is to be marked out as the eternal ally or the perpetual enemy of England. We have no eternal allies, and we have no perpetual enemies. Our interests are eternal and perpetual, and those interests it is our duty to

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was an inspired political alliance as well as a stab at personal happiness. Harry and Emily were supremely well-matched. As the husband of a beautiful, charming, intelligent, rich woman whose friends were the best people in society, Palmerston at last had the money, the social setting, and the

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superiority complex into believing that they could assert their supremacy over Europeans without possessing military power. On the other side was the most economically advanced nation in the world, a nation of pushing, bustling traders, of self-help, free trade, and the pugnacious qualities of

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he subsequently formed. However, a dispute between Wellington and Huskisson over the issue of parliamentary representation for Manchester and Birmingham led to the resignation of Huskisson and his allies, including Palmerston. In the spring of 1828, after more than twenty years continuously in

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to build a naval alliance against Britain, including using the Danish navy for invading Britain. Pre-empting this, the British offered Denmark the choice of temporarily handing over its navy until the war's end or the destruction of their navy. The Danes refused to comply and so Copenhagen was

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in May and June the Danes refused to accept their loss of Schleswig-Holstein. The armistice ended on 26 June and Prussian-Austrian troops quickly invaded more of Denmark. On 25 June the Cabinet was against going to war to save Denmark, and Russell's suggestion to send the Royal Navy to defend

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assumed the government of the empire with dictatorial power. In spite of what Palmerston termed his judicious bottle-holding, the movement he had encouraged and applauded, but to which he could give no material aid, was everywhere subdued. The British government, or at least Palmerston as its

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Queen Victoria wrote after his death that though she regretted his passing, she had never liked or respected him: "Strange, and solemn to think of that strong, determined man, with so much worldly ambition – gone! He had often worried and distressed us, though as Pr. Minister he had behaved

1484:, the widower of a British princess, was placed upon the throne of Belgium. Fishman says that the London Conference was "an extraordinarily successful conference" because it "provided the institutional framework through which the leading powers of the time safeguarded the peace of Europe." 943:

peer, and his mother was Mary (1752–1805), a daughter of Benjamin Mee, a London merchant. From 1792 to 1794, he accompanied his family on a long Continental tour. While in Italy, Palmerston acquired an Italian tutor, who taught him to speak and write fluent Italian. The family owned a huge

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to reverse the rebuke, which it did on 29 June by a majority of 46, after having heard from Palmerston on 25 June. This was the most eloquent and powerful speech he ever delivered, wherein he sought to vindicate not only his claims on the Greek government for Don Pacifico, but his entire

2620:. Palmerston's stance proved popular among a large section of the workers, the growing middle classes and the country's commercial and financial interests. With the expanded franchise, his party swept on a wave of popular feeling to a majority of 83, the largest since 1835. Cobden and 2035:(Lord Lansdowne) to equal notoriety. Palmerston asserted that "... any great improvement in the social system of Ireland must be founded upon an extensive change in the present state of agrarian occupation a long continued and systematic ejectment of Small holders and of Squatting 3337:

said that "his heart always beat for the honour of England". Palmerston believed it was in Britain's interests that liberal governments be established on the Continent. He also practised brinkmanship and bluff in that he was prepared to threaten war to achieve Britain's interests.

888:(which provided Britain with decisive agency in many conflicts), and his commitment to British interests. His policies in relation to India, China, Italy, Belgium and Spain had extensive long-lasting beneficial consequences for Britain. However, Palmerston's leadership during the 3201:

The American assault on Ireland under the name of Fenianism may be now held to have failed, but the snake is only scotched and not killed. It is far from impossible that the American conspirators may try and obtain in our North American provinces compensation for their defeat in

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personal security he needed to get to the very top of British politics. Lady Palmerston made her husband happy, as he did her, and she was a political power in her own right. In the last and most successful decades of Palmerston's life, she was his best advisor and most trusted

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Lord Palmerston was no orator; his language was unstudied, and his delivery somewhat embarrassed; but generally he found the words to say the right thing at the right time, and to address the House of Commons in the language best adapted to the capacity and the temper of his

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Foreign policy continued to be his main strength; he thought that he could shape if not control all of European diplomacy, especially by using France as a vital ally and trade partner. However, historians often characterise his method as bluffing more than decisive action.

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and Prussia were willing to join, Russia would stand alone. However, France, which had sent far more soldiers to the war than Britain, and had suffered far more casualties, wanted the war to end, as did Austria. In March 1855 the old Tsar died and was succeeded by his son,

1678:, that he would resign from the ministry if his policy were not adopted. The London Convention granted Muhammad Ali hereditary rule in Egypt in return for withdrawal from Syria and Lebanon, but was rejected by the pasha. The European powers intervened with force, and the 2051:

spread like a conflagration through Europe, and shook every throne on the Continent except those of Russian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Spain, and Belgium. Palmerston sympathised openly with the revolutionary party abroad. In particular, he was a strong advocate of national

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for a pension and was also mentally ill, shot Palmerston as he walked up the stairs of the War Office. The bullet only grazed his back and the wound was slight. After learning of Davies' illness, Palmerston paid for his legal defence at the trial, and Davies was sent to

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July 1861 – Sir George Cornewall Lewis succeeds Herbert as Secretary for War. Sir George Grey succeeds Lewis as Home Secretary. Edward Cardwell succeeds Grey as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Cardwell's successor as Chief Secretary for Ireland is not in the

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and sales of warships by private firms to the Confederacy that actually sustained the war by two years. This was later evidenced by Palmerston's refusal to stop firms from selling arms and ships on the basis that it had a right to sell such things to both sides as a

1236:, withdrew their support, and an alliance was formed between the liberal members of the late ministry and the Whigs. The post of Chancellor of the Exchequer was offered to Palmerston, who accepted it, but this appointment was frustrated by some intrigue between King 3119:

was on its way to attack Copenhagen. Palmerston told the Austrian ambassador that if his fleet entered the Baltic to attack Denmark the result would be war with Britain. The ambassador replied that the Austrian navy would not enter the Baltic and it did not do so.

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unless the Ottoman sultan acceded to their demands. Palmerston argued for immediate decisive action - that the Royal Navy should be sent to the Dardanelles to assist the Turkish navy and that Britain should inform Russia of London's intention to go to war if the

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In 1889, Gladstone recounted a story of when "a Frenchman, thinking to be highly complimentary, said to Palmerston: 'If I were not a Frenchman, I should wish to be an Englishman'; to which Pam coolly replied: 'If I were not an Englishman, I should wish to be an

2449:, they would have been deterred. In Cabinet, Palmerston argued for a vigorous prosecution of the war against Russia by Britain, but Aberdeen objected, as he wanted peace. British public opinion supported the Turks, and with Aberdeen becoming steadily unpopular, 1674:– without the knowledge of the French government. This measure was taken with great hesitation, and strong opposition on the part of several members of the cabinet. Palmerston forced the measure through in part by declaring in a letter to the prime minister, 1366:

time of the French and Belgian Revolutions of 1830 until December 1851. His abrasive style would earn him the nickname "Lord Pumice Stone", and his manner of dealing with foreign governments who crossed him, especially in his later years, was the original "

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As war came closer the bulk of the British fleet was committed to the Mediterranean and on 13 June 1853, as tensions mounted, the British and French Mediterranean fleets were moved to Besika Bay, close to the Dardanelles, and ready to move to the support of

2907:, threatened to treat as hostile any country which recognised the Confederacy. Britain depended more on American corn than Confederate cotton, and a war with the U.S. would not be in Britain's economic interest. Palmerston ordered reinforcements sent to the 3102:

For five months Bismarck did nothing. However, in November the Danish government instituted a new constitution whereby Schleswig was bound closer to Denmark. By the year's end, the Prussian and Austrian armies had occupied Holstein and were massing on the

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It was in this speech, which lasted for five hours, that Palmerston made the well-known declaration that a British subject ought everywhere to be protected by the strong arm of the British government against injustice and wrong; comparing the reach of the

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to world trade. In those ports there would be extraterritorial rights for British citizens. Palmerston thus achieved his main goals of diplomatic equality and opening China to trade. However his angry critics focused on the immorality of the opium trade.

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of 1841; they invaded the two principalities in July 1853. Palmerston interpreted this as the result of British weakness and thought that if the Russians had been told that if they invaded the principalities the British and French fleets would enter the

2270:

by dissolving the National Assembly and arresting the leading republicans. Palmerston privately congratulated Napoleon on his triumph, noting that Britain's constitution was rooted in history but that France had had five revolutions since 1789, with the

2436:, was annoyed by Britain's actions but they did not deter him. When the British fleet arrived at the Dardanelles the weather was rough, so the fleet took refuge in the outer waters of the straits (June 1853). The Russians saw this as a violation of the 3197:, to take measures against this, including a possible suspension of trial-by-jury and a monitoring of Americans travelling to Ireland. He believed that the Fenian agitation was caused by America. On 27 September 1865 he wrote to the Secretary for War: 2431:

invaded the principalities. However, Aberdeen objected to all of Palmerston's proposals. After prolonged arguments, a reluctant Aberdeen agreed to send a fleet to the Dardanelles but objected to Palmerston's other proposals. The Russian Emperor,

2797:

treated each other respectfully, they disagreed fundamentally over Church appointments, foreign affairs, defence and reform; Palmerston's greatest problem during his last premiership was how to handle his Chancellor of the Exchequer. The MP Sir

2162:

with a five-hour speech of his own, the first of two great speeches in which he laid out a comprehensive defence of his foreign policy and of liberal interventionism more generally. Arguing for domestic political effect, Palmerston declaimed:

1589:

Palmerston had long maintained a suspicious and hostile attitude towards Russia, whose autocratic government offended his liberal principles and whose ever-growing size challenged the strength of the British Empire. He was angered by the 1833

1491:

between Belgium and the Netherlands, inducing the three reactionary powers to accede to it as well; while in Palmerston's second period of office, as his authority grew, he was able to finally settle relations between Belgium and Holland with

3434:; the letters are judiciously curtailed, but unfortunately without indicating where the excisions occur; the appendices of the original work are omitted, but much fresh matter is added, and this edition is undoubtedly the standard biography. 2942:

to Europe. Palmerston called the action "a declared and gross insult", demanded the release of the two diplomats and ordered 3,000 troops to Canada. In a letter to Queen Victoria on 5 December 1861 he said that if his demands were not met:

3111:, and ten days afterwards the Danish government requested British help to resist this. Russell urged Palmerston to send a fleet to Copenhagen and persuade Napoleon III that he should mobilise his French soldiers on the borders of Prussia. 3099:. However Queen Victoria was intensely pro-German and strongly urged against threatening war. Palmerston himself favoured Denmark but he also had long been pacifistic in this matter and did not want Britain to become militarily involved. 2378:

to send juvenile prisoners to a reformatory school instead of to prison. He was forced to accept an amendment which ensured that the prisoner had to have spent at least three months in jail first. When in October 1854 Palmerston visited

896:. The consequences of the conquest of India have been reconsidered by more recent scholarship weighing the burdens placed on India in colonial rule and British uncertainty on proper governance. The consequences of his policies towards 2142:

This state of things was regarded with the utmost annoyance by the British court and by most of the British ministers. On many occasions, Palmerston had taken important steps without their knowledge, which they disapproved. Over the

2888:, he held a lifelong hostility towards the United States, and believed a dissolution of the Union would enhance British power. Additionally, the Confederacy "would afford a valuable and extensive market for British manufactures". 2959:

In fact, Irishmen did not control any major newspapers in the North, and the U.S. decided to release the prisoners rather than risk war. Palmerston was convinced the presence of troops in Canada persuaded the U.S. to acquiesce.

2134:, the Hungarian democrat and leader of its constitutionalists, landed in England in 1851 to wide applause, Palmerston proposed to receive him at Broadlands, a design which was only prevented by a peremptory vote of the cabinet. 865:, Palmerston was the only man able to sustain a majority in Parliament, and he became prime minister. He had two periods in office, 1855–1858 and 1859–1865, before his death at the age of 80 years, a few months after victory in 13016: 1742:

wanted to provoke a revolution in China that would open trade. The Foreign Office, led by Palmerston, stood opposed and sought peace. The Chinese government refused to change, and interdicted the British smugglers bringing in

3528:

6 in the southern suburbs, villas are named after Palmerston, as well as Temple Road and Palmerston Road. Both are quasi-translated variously as Bóthar an Stiguaire, Bóthar P(h)almerston, Bóthar Baile an Phámar and Bóthar an

2467:

On 28 March 1854, Britain and France declared war on Russia for refusing to withdraw from the principalities. The war progressed slowly, with no Anglo-French gains in the Baltic and slow coalition gains in Crimea at the long

2407:, argues that had he been in control of foreign policy at this time, war in the Crimea would have been avoided. Palmerston argued in Cabinet, after Russian troops concentrated on the Ottoman border in February 1853, that the 4554: 3325:

of 1688 was the best which human hands had made, with a constitutional monarchy subject to the laws of the land but retaining some political power. He supported the rule of law and opposed further democratisation after the

1792:. They argued that Palmerston was only interested in the huge profits it would bring Britain, and was totally oblivious to the horrible moral evils of opium which the Chinese government was valiantly trying to stamp out. 2499:

but (aged 74) he was too old to accept: so she asked Russell; but none of his former colleagues except Palmerston wanted to serve under him. Having exhausted the possible alternatives, the Queen invited Palmerston to

2324:, the Queen summoned Palmerston to discuss the situation. When she enquired after the latest news, Palmerston allegedly replied: "There is no definite news, Madam, but it seems certain that the Turks have crossed the 2784:

named him Lord Cupid (on account of his youthful looks), and he was cited, at the age of 79, as co-respondent in an 1863 divorce case, although it emerged that the case was nothing more than an attempted blackmail.

2719:

to form a government, but although Palmerston agreed to serve under him, Russell did not. Therefore, on 12 June the Queen asked Palmerston to become prime minister. Russell and Gladstone agreed to serve under him.

2383:

gaol and conversed with three boy inmates, he was impressed by their behaviour and ordered that they be sent to a reformatory school. He found the ventilation in the cells unsatisfactory and ordered improvement.

1043:

without examinations, but Palmerston wished to obtain his degree through examinations. This was declined, although he was allowed to take the separate college examinations, where he obtained first-class honours.

6598: 3430:(1874), after the author's death. Ashley completed the biography in two more volumes (1876). The whole work was reissued in a revised and slightly abridged form by Ashley in 2 volumes in 1879, with the title 1609:

For his part, David Urquhart considered Palmerston a "mercenary of Russia" and founded the "Free Press" magazine in London, where he constantly promoted these views. The permanent author of this magazine was

1686:, and the total collapse of Muhammad Ali's power followed in rapid succession. Palmerston's policy was triumphant, and the author of it had won a reputation as one of the most powerful statesmen of the age. 8013: 3993:

December 1855 – The Duke of Argyll succeeds Lord Canning as Postmaster-General. Lord Harrowby succeeds Argyll as Lord Privy Seal. Harrowby's successor as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster is not in the

2579:

Original engraving by D.J. Pound, from a photograph by Mayall, the Right Honourable Viscount Palmerston, G.C.B. K.G., Prime Minister. From the "Supplement to the Illustrated News of the World" ca 1855–58.

2257:

in which Palmerston evaded the obligation to submit his measures for the royal sanction as failing in sincerity to the Crown. This minute was communicated to Palmerston, who accepted its criticisms.

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was named after him, as was nearby Palmerston Road. A seven-foot high marble statue of Palmerston was erected in the park and unveiled on 2 June 1869. Temple street in Sligo is also called after him

783:

during the period 1830 to 1865, when Britain stood at the height of its imperial power. He held office almost continuously from 1807 until his death in 1865. He began his parliamentary career as a

2472:. Dissatisfaction with the conduct of the war grew amongst the public in Britain and in other countries, aggravated by reports of fiascos and failures, especially the mismanagement of the heroic 2350:

families whose ancestors had purchased the right in the past. Palmerston opposed this practice on public-health grounds and ensured that all bodies were buried in a churchyard or public cemetery.

2320:(28 December 1852). Many people considered this a curious appointment because Palmerston's expertise was so obviously in foreign affairs. A story recounts that after a great wave of strikes swept 3333:

It is in foreign affairs that Palmerston is chiefly remembered. Palmerston's principal aim in foreign policy was to advance British national interests. Palmerston is famous for his patriotism.

2340:

and outlawed all labour by young persons between 6pm and 6am. He attempted to pass a Bill that confirmed the rights of workers to combine, but the House of Lords rejected it. He introduced the

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is the most northerly of the Southern Group of the Cook Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. Amongst the 15 or so islands of the atoll, Palmerston Island is the only one which is inhabited.

1912:

succeeded in restoring the most cordial understanding between the two governments, and the irritation which Palmerston had inflamed gradually subsided. During the administration of Sir

2758: 8779: 1971:

Palmerston's years as foreign secretary, 1846–1851, involve dealing with violent upheavals all over Europe – he has been dubbed "the gunpowder minister" by biographer David Brown.

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Aged 70 years, 109 days, Palmerston became the oldest person in British political history to be appointed Prime Minister for the first time. As of 2023 no Prime Minister entering

2453:

in February 1854 noted, "Wherever I go, I have heard but one opinion on the subject, and that one opinion has been pronounced in a single word, or in a single name – Palmerston."

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Historians usually regard Palmerston, starting in 1859, as the first Liberal prime minister. In his last premiership Palmerston oversaw the passage of important legislation. The

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outside the city were also burned to the ground by incensed locals. Palmerston supported Parkes while in Parliament the British policy was strongly attacked on moral grounds by

13076: 5548: 1209:, who was Prime Minister had to hold together the Tory Cabinet which began to split along political lines. The more liberal wing of the Tory government made some ground, with 10438: 7684: 2699:, and Russell introduced a resolution in March 1859 arguing for widening the franchise, which the Conservatives opposed but which was carried. Parliament was dissolved and a 3380:

to write in 1936 that "we are afraid of our shadows. I sometimes long for a ruffian like Palmerston or any man who would be more than a string of platitudes and apologies."

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Opinions and Policy of The Right Honourable Viscount Palmerston, G.C.B., M.P., &c. as Minister, Diplomatist, and Statesman, During More Than Forty Years of Public Life

4674:

Opinions and Policy of the Right Honourable Viscount Palmerston, G.C.B., M.P., &c. as Minister, Diplomatist, and Statesman, During More Than Forty Years of Public Life

6964: 3360:, a son-in-law of Queen Victoria, said of Palmerston in 1866: "He loved his country and his country loved him. He lived for her honour, and she will cherish his memory." 2971:

in ninety days, the cabinet debated intervention as a humanitarian move to stop a likely race war. At the same time however there was a cabinet crisis in France over the

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in 1838-9 - now asserting his (and British) independence by leaning rather more towards the Netherlands and the reactionary powers, and against the Belgium/French axis.

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Quarterly 1st & 4th Or an eagle displayed Sable (Leofric, Saxon Earl of Mercia), 2nd & 3rd Argent two bars Sable each charged with three martlets Or (Temple).

2947:"Great Britain is in a better state than at any former time to inflict a severe blow upon and to read a lesson to the United States which will not soon be forgotten." 12906: 4255: 2495:

remain as Foreign Secretary. Clarendon refused, and so Palmerston rejected Derby's offer; Derby subsequently gave up trying to form a government. The Queen sent for

861:. As home secretary Palmerston enacted various social reforms, although he opposed electoral reform. When Aberdeen's coalition fell in 1855 over its handling of the 2643: 1512:

were the representatives and the hope of the constitutional parties of their countries. Their positions were under some pressure from their absolutist kinsmen, Dom

1108:

On 3 February 1808, he spoke in support of confidentiality in the working of diplomacy, and of the bombardment of Copenhagen and the capture and destruction of the

11604: 6593: 1353:, two notable Whigs. This can be said to be the point in 1830, when his party allegiance changed. In November 1830 he accepted an offer from Lord Grey to join his 1094:, but lost by three votes after he advised his supporters to vote for the other Tory candidate in the two-member constituency so as to ensure a Tory was elected. 1838:, prime minister (1834 and 1835–1841). They had no legitimate children, although at least one of Lord Cowper's putative children, Lady Emily Cowper, the wife of 1618:

until the Crimean War, there was a secret agreement between the London and St. Petersburg offices, and that Palmerston was a corrupt tool of the Tsar's policy"

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Palmerston's exile from his traditional realm of the Foreign Office meant he did not have full control over British policy during the events precipitating the

1650:, the British ambassador at Constantinople, vehemently urged the British government to intervene. Privately, Palmerston explained his views on Muhammad Ali to 1314:

Following his move to opposition Palmerston appears to have focused closely on foreign policy. He had already urged Wellington into active interference in the

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Palmerston is also remembered for his light-hearted approach to government. He is once said to have claimed of a particularly intractable problem relating to

13061: 12911: 12618: 2818: 1426:) formed a closer alliance that seemed to threaten the peace and liberties of Europe. Polish exiles called on Britain to intervene against Russia during the 2171:

of the world, but giving the weight of her moral sanction and support wherever she thinks that justice is, and whenever she thinks that wrong has been done.

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in the Kingdom of Greece. As Greece was under the joint protection of three powers, Russia and France protested against its coercion by the British fleet.

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in 1859. He was highly popular with the British public. David Brown argues that "an important part of Palmerston's appeal lay in his dynamism and vigour".

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I hold that the real policy of England... is to be the champion of justice and right, pursuing that course with moderation and prudence, not becoming the

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also supported parliamentary reform. One of his biographers has stated that: "Like many Pittites, now labelled tories, he was a good whig at heart." The

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came to an end (1841) and Palmerston remained out of office for five years. The crisis was past, but the change which took place by the substitution of

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Palmerston has traditionally been viewed as "a Conservative at home and a Liberal abroad". He believed that the British constitution as secured by the

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Bourne, Kenneth (1961). "The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty and the Decline of British Opposition to the Territorial Expansion of the United States, 1857–60".

1655:

closer ties to the wali than most, France refused to be a party to coercive measures against him despite having signed the note in the previous year.

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Copenhagen was only carried by Palmerston's vote. Palmerston, however, said the fleet could not be sent in view of the deep division in the Cabinet.

2703:

ensued, which the Whigs won. Palmerston rejected an offer from Disraeli to become Conservative leader, but he attended the meeting of 6 June 1859 in

1566:"All that we hear about the decay of the Turkish Empire, and its being a dead body or a sapless trunk, and so forth, is pure unadulterated nonsense." 1064: 3185:, increasing his majority. The leadership of Palmerston was a great electoral asset to the Liberal Party. He then had to deal with the outbreak of 12704: 12032: 11107: 10700: 10685: 10670: 10660: 10407: 10357: 10342: 10277: 10262: 10252: 9442: 9421: 9407: 9239: 9184: 1150:

as possessing "the palm of political prophecy". This would become a metaphor for his own career in divining the course of imperial foreign policy.

1055:, being one of the three officers in the unit for St John's College. He was also appointed Lieutenant-Colonel Commander of the Romsey Volunteers. 10720: 10327: 10312: 8856: 5477: 4036: 3467:

located in Southwestern Ontario, Canada was founded and named after Palmerston in 1875. Palmerston is now part of the amalgamated town of Minto.

13036: 11247: 10468: 9679: 9041: 4115: 1839: 1694: 1249: 2858:. When Lyons resigned from the position of American Ambassador, Palmerston attempted to persuade him to return, but Lyons declined the offer. 2564:. Palmerston's demand for a demilitarised Black Sea was secured, although his wish for the Crimea to be returned to the Ottomans was not. The 13046: 11352: 9068: 4637:

sat in the House of Lords and were not able to sit as Members of Parliament in the House of Commons, the Viscountcy of Palmerston was in the

4192: 3908: 3269: 1206: 11053: 3021:). As such, many Americans viewed the British as interfering with American affairs and indirectly committing an act of war against the U.S. 2011:

subsequently as prime minister, Palmerston sought to maintain the balance of power in Europe, sometimes even aligning with France to do so.

12684: 11597: 11297: 11192: 10595: 10575: 9337: 8521: 8251: 8196: 8186: 8142: 2297: 1908: 1473:, supported the reunion of the Belgian provinces to France, whereas Britain favoured Dutch, not French influence, on an independent state. 1304: 12649: 1232:

Upon the retirement of Lord Liverpool in April 1827, Canning was called to be prime minister. The more conservative Tories, including Sir

1229:

emerging as an open question. Although Palmerston was not in the Cabinet, he cordially supported the measures of Canning and his friends.

1137:

bombarded. Palmerston justified the attack by peroration with reference to the ambitions of Napoleon to take control of the Danish fleet:

12721: 12334: 11392: 11302: 10665: 10650: 10605: 10460: 10267: 10257: 10242: 10237: 10222: 10207: 9121: 9107: 8889: 8114: 7119: 5937:. Historical Dictionaries of War, Revolution, and Civil Unrest, No. 19. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press (published 2002). p. 119. 4749: 4087: 4082: 4059: 4005: 3948: 3857: 3835: 3822: 2716: 2031:

that ravaged Ireland in the late 1840s. He financed the emigration of starving Irish tenants across the Atlantic to North America as did

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Young Queen Victoria found it unseemly that people in their 50s could marry, but the Cowper-Palmerston marriage according to biographer

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Leslie M. Bethell, "Britain, Portugal and the suppression of the Brazilian slave trade: the origins of Lord Palmerston's Act of 1839."

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of 1842 with the United States. It resolved several Canadian boundary disputes with the United States, particularly the border between

1561: 885: 5731:

Hicks, Geoffrey (2004). "Don Pacifico, Democracy, and Danger: The Protectionist Party Critique of British Foreign Policy, 1850–1852".

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did not conceal their indignation at the fact that they were held responsible for Palmerston's actions by the other courts of Europe.

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refused to apologise, the British shelled his compound. The commissioner retaliated with a proclamation that called on the people of

2374:

1853, which also reduced the maximum sentences for most offences. Palmerston passed the Reformatory Schools Act 1854 which gave the

2007:

and the other powers of Europe, were wholly unsuccessful; France won the game, though with no small loss of honourable reputation.`

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campaigned for rearmament in the 1930s, he was compared to Palmerston in warning the nation to look to its defences. The policy of

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Historians rank Palmerston as one of the greatest foreign secretaries, due to his handling of great crises, his commitment to the

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to only one port and refused all official diplomatic relations except to tributary countries. In 1833–1835, as London ended the

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captured or destroyed many Union merchant ships, as did other raiders fitted out in Britain. This was the basis of the postwar

2492: 1944:. Much as he criticised it, the treaty successfully closed the border questions with which Palmerston had long been concerned. 1626: 980: 811: 64: 51: 2604:

to "unite in exterminating these troublesome English villains" and offered a $ 100 bounty for the head of any Englishman. The

2147:

he asserted and exercised an arbitrary dominion, which the feeble efforts of the premier could not control. The Queen and the

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Temperley, Harold, and Gavin B. Henderson. "Disraeli and Palmerston in 1857, or, the Dangers of Explanations in Parliament."

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in November 1861 produced public outrage in Britain and a diplomatic crisis. A U.S. Navy warship stopped the British steamer

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wife. Disraeli wrote: "What pluck to mount those dreadful stairs at three o'clock in the morning, and eighty years of age!"

1693:, and gave instruction to assist with the construction of an Anglican church in the city, under the prompting influences of 1189:

On 1 April 1818, a retired officer on half-pay, Lieutenant David Davies, who had a grievance about his application from the

12896: 12664: 12082: 11742: 11417: 11382: 11167: 11072: 10625: 10610: 10560: 10227: 10182: 10172: 9798: 9793: 9309: 9288: 9177: 9064: 8312: 8258: 6359: 4159: 3921: 3182: 3035:, was another difficulty for Palmerston. On 29 July 1862, a law officer's report he had commissioned advised him to detain 2739: 2735: 2700: 2617: 1835: 1738:'s monopoly on trade with China, both Tory and Whig governments sought to maintain peace and good trade relations. However 1647: 1268: 1245: 1202: 1091: 1083: 1072: 1068: 1040: 866: 776: 147: 12631: 12359: 11842: 11639: 11572: 11362: 11327: 11102: 10830: 10495: 10382: 10332: 9924: 8997: 8982: 8720: 8414: 7499: 4199: 4091: 3987: 3926: 3866: 3416:, who was dead; the second was a German professor, who had gone insane; and the third was himself, who had forgotten it. 3245: 2980:

war over slavery never happened. Palmerston rejected all further efforts of the Confederacy to gain British recognition.

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could be threatened by superior British naval power. His goal was to permanently reduce the Russian threat to Europe. If

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1830–1834, 1835–1841 and 1846–1851. In this office, Palmerston responded effectively to a series of conflicts in Europe.

4017: 1959:

and returned Palmerston to the Foreign Office (July 1846). Russell replied to critics that Palmerston's policies had "a

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Having no male heir, his Irish viscountcy became extinct upon his death, but his property was inherited by his stepson

3018: 2814: 2696: 7525: 2056:, and stood firmly on the side of constitutional liberties on the Continent. Despite this, he was bitterly opposed to 1007:. Temple later described his time at Edinburgh as producing "whatever useful knowledge and habits of mind I possess". 12824: 12737: 12294: 12253: 12122: 12057: 11661: 11649: 11507: 10550: 10337: 10322: 9149: 8789: 8614: 8083: 8050: 7200: 7173: 7150: 7101: 7032: 7005: 6413: 5942: 5669: 5629: 5230: 5190: 5139: 5110: 4224: 4168: 3939: 3935: 3903: 3813: 3773:, the resident Chief Mouser of the Foreign & Commonwealth Office since 13 April 2016, was named after Palmerston. 3764: 3357: 2846:. Palmerston had first appointed Richard Lyons to the Foreign Service in 1839, and was a close friend of his father, 2843: 2729: 1383: 746: 110: 82: 8669: 1689:

In September 1838, Palmerston appointed a British consul in Jerusalem, without the conventional consultation of the

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in which he had obtained an increased majority. He remains the most recent British prime minister to die in office.

60: 13066: 12309: 12248: 11127: 10815: 10760: 10059: 10009: 8872: 8531: 8448: 8357: 7710: 3972:

succeeds Herbert as Colonial Secretary. Sir Charles Wood succeeds Sir James Graham as First Lord of the Admiralty.

2900: 2081: 1399: 1264: 615: 3132:

censure in the House of Lords was carried by nine votes. In the debate in the Commons the Conservative MP General

3043:

detained on 31 July, but it had already put to sea before the order reached Birkenhead. In her subsequent cruise,

1345:

in September 1830, Wellington tried to induce Palmerston to re-enter the cabinet, but he refused to do so without

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of Spain, who were the closest males in the lines of succession. Palmerston conceived and executed the plan of a

1517: 1488: 1487:

Thereafter, despite a Dutch invasion and French counter-invasion in 1831, France and Britain framed and signed a

1036: 788: 697: 621: 17: 3236:, which he was, on 27 October 1865. He was the fifth person not of royalty to be granted a state funeral (after 2915:

would make peace with the South and then invade Canada. He was very pleased with the Confederate victory at the

2097:

have obtained for Piedmont. After a couple of years this wave of revolution was replaced by a wave of reaction.

1963:

to produce war" but that he had advanced British interests without a major conflict, if not entirely peaceably.

1955:

refused to join a government in which Palmerston would direct foreign affairs. A few months later, however, the

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Thirty Years of Foreign Policy, a History of the Secretaryships of the Earl of Aberdeen and Viscount Palmerston

6708:"Profile of an Irish Village-Palmerston and the Conquest, Colonisation and Evolution of Mullaghmore, Co. Sligo" 6678: 4164: 4031: 3808: 3508: 2763: 2388: 2309: 2106: 1985: 1354: 1285: 1218: 1182:, then a less important office than it was to become later. But Palmerston preferred the non-cabinet office of 976: 784: 760: 118: 13096: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12986: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12405: 11997: 11857: 11367: 11267: 11197: 10570: 9881: 9128: 8948: 8588: 6947: 6417: 4634: 4049: 3880: 3826: 3710: 3678: 2877: 2847: 2807: 2122: 1785: 1710: 1323: 6088:

The Letters of Queen Victoria: A Selection from Her Majesty's Correspondence Between the Years 1837 and 1861

4641:

which did not automatically grant the right to sit in the Lords. Palmerston was thus able to serve as an MP.

3123:

Palmerston accepted Russell's suggestion that the war should be settled at a conference, but at the ensuing

2266: 1560:

became one of the cardinal objects of his policy. He believed in the regeneration of Turkey, as he wrote to

1244:. Lord Palmerston remained Secretary at War, though he gained a seat in the cabinet for the first time. The 1075:

but was unseated in January 1807, when the Whig majority in the Commons voted for a petition to unseat him.

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Palmerston Lodge, Fairburn, North Yorkshire, hunting lodge built by Lord Palmerston in Fairburn, Yorkshire.

2676: 2631:(1856–1860) was another humiliating defeat for a Qing dynasty, already reeling as a result of the domestic 2375: 2110: 1679: 1453: 1276: 1186:, charged exclusively with the financial business of the army. He served in that post for almost 20 years. 927:

house to the Irish branch of the Temple family on 20 October 1784. His family derived their title from the

300: 2551:, who wished to make peace. However, Palmerston found the peace terms too soft on Russia and so persuaded 1834:, widow of Peter Leopold Louis Francis Nassau Clavering-Cowper, 5th Earl Cowper (1778–1837) and sister of 12576: 11732: 11706: 11686: 11082: 10540: 10147: 9743: 9281: 9163: 8730: 8370: 6435: 4137: 4128: 4119: 3980: 3965: 3930: 3893: 3884: 3409: 2660: 2648: 2538:

Palmerston took a hard line on the war; he wanted to expand the fighting, especially in the Baltic where

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Rodkey, Frederick Stanley. "Lord Palmerston and the Rejuvenation of Turkey, 1830-41: Part II, 1839-41."

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The American Civil War Through British Eyes Dispatches from British Diplomats: April 1862-February 1863

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The Life of Henry John Temple Viscount Palmerston: With Selections from His Diaries and Correspondence

2248:("I am a citizen of Rome") speech. After this speech, Palmerston's popularity had never been greater. 1574:

and to prevent France doing likewise on the Nile. He regarded the maintenance of the authority of the

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Britain's China Policy and the Opium Crisis: Balancing Drugs, Violence and National Honour, 1833–1840

3979:

July 1855 – Sir William Molesworth succeeds Russell as Colonial Secretary. Molesworth's successor as

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ended after only four months on the death of the Prime Minister, and was followed by the ministry of

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tried to assassinate the French emperor with a bomb made in Britain, the French were outraged (see

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France had been a reluctant party to the treaty, and never executed its role in it with much zeal.

985: 30:"Lord Palmerston" and "The Viscount Palmerston" redirect here. For other holders of the title, see 9691: 7942:

Gladstone and Palmerston, being the Correspondence of Lord Palmerston with Mr. Gladstone 1851–1865

7771:

Steele, David. "Three British Prime Ministers and the Survival of the Ottoman Empire, 1855–1902."

6393:"Historians reveal secrets of UK gun-running which lengthened the American civil war by two years" 6375: 6172:

Gladstone and Palmerston, being the Correspondence of Lord Palmerston with Mr. Gladstone 1851–1865

6092: 5083: 4998: 2316:). It was regarded as impossible for them to form a government without Palmerston, so he was made 12757: 12699: 12497: 12238: 11977: 11852: 11837: 11832: 11822: 11812: 11802: 11655: 11242: 11222: 11207: 10392: 9871: 9861: 9846: 9836: 9428: 9414: 9400: 9386: 8938: 8698: 8632: 8349: 8223: 7603: 6921: 4181: 4124: 3889: 3780: 3698: 3485: 2794: 2613: 2168: 1995: 1947:

Palmerston's reputation as an interventionist and his unpopularity with the Queen were such that

1789: 1521: 1493: 992: 893: 692: 288: 7521:

Technology and the Mid-Victorian Royal Navy Ironclad: Royal Navy Crisis in the Age of Palmerston

7405:

Brown, David (2001). "The Power of Public Opinion: Palmerston and the Crisis of December 1851".

5819:

Brown, David (2001). "The power of public opinion: Palmerston and the crisis of December 1851".

5183:

The Origins of Christian Zionism: Lord Shaftesbury And Evangelical Support for a Jewish Homeland

3296:

As the exemplar of British nationalism, he was "the defining political personality of his age."

2126:

representative, was regarded with suspicion and resentment by every power in Europe, except the

1594:, a mutual assistance pact between Russia and the Ottomans, but was annoyed and hostile towards 1481: 1466: 12861: 12834: 12569: 12492: 12487: 12174: 11232: 11152: 9033: 7495:

Palmerston and The Times: Foreign Policy, the Press and Public Opinion in Mid-Victorian Britain

6666: 5621:

Palmerston and the Times: Foreign Policy, the Press and Public Opinion in Mid-Victorian Britain

5299:

Palmerston and The Times: foreign policy, the press and public opinion in mid-Victorian Britain

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An entirely opposite British viewpoint was promoted by humanitarians and reformers such as the

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attacked Palmerston's foreign policy, the foreign minister responded to a five-hour speech by

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Brown, David (2001). "Compelling but not Controlling?: Palmerston and the Press, 1846–1855".

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Brown, David (2001). "Compelling but not Controlling?: Palmerston and the Press, 1846–1855".

5205:

Glenn Melancon, "Peaceful intentions: the first British trade commission in China, 1833–5."

4409: 3998: 3116: 2799: 2456: 2428: 2380: 2280: 2020: 1683: 1630: 1226: 495: 485: 132: 3220:

worsened, and when his doctor asked him if he believed in regeneration of the world through

2951:

In another letter to his foreign secretary, he predicted war between Britain and the Union:

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The Triumph of Lord Palmerston: a study of public opinion in England before the Crimean War

4142: 3739:- Palmerston is portrayed early in the book series in opposition to American settlement of 3650: 3624: 3389: 3261: 3108: 3092: 2881: 2826: 2708: 2433: 2363: 2359: 2346: 2293: 1599: 1509: 1505: 1407: 1241: 960: 897: 842: 223: 101: 6310:

Eichhorn, Niels (2014). "The Intervention Crisis of 1862: A British Diplomatic Dilemma?".

3634:

Palmerston Street in Romsey, Hampshire; there is also a statue of him in the market place.

3566:, London & The Lord Palmerston Pub at the junction of Palmerston Road and Forest Road. 2130:. Even that was shortly afterwards to be alienated by Palmerston's attack on Greece. When 8: 13091: 12802: 12777: 12644: 12512: 12507: 12451: 12431: 12263: 11917: 11407: 9969: 9519: 8813: 8543: 8539: 8442: 7912:

The Letters of the Third Viscount Palmerston to Laurence and Elizabeth Sulivan. 1804–1863

7464:

Fenton, Laurence (2010). "Origins of Animosity: Lord Palmerston and The Times, 1830–41".

4687:

The Letters of the Third Viscount Palmerston to Laurence and Elizabeth Sulivan. 1804–1863

4285:

Dexter a lion reguardant poean sinister a horse reguardant Argent mane tail and hoofs Or.

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After a memorable debate on 17 June, Palmerston's policy was condemned by a vote of the

1086:, Palmerston was given the post of Junior Lord of the Admiralty in the ministry of the 12792: 12787: 11882: 10730: 9896: 9470: 8992: 8968: 8797: 8557: 8472: 7966: 7832: 7818: 7804: 7790: 7694: 7670: 7619: 7611: 7565: 7542: 7509: 7504:

Friedman, Isaiah. "Lord Palmerston and the protection of Jews in Palestine 1839-1851."

7481: 7437: 7418: 7355: 7321: 7313: 7275: 7253: 6327: 6294: 5832: 5748: 5530: 5328: 4638: 4626: 3730: 3702: 3674: 3285: 3273: 3190: 3072: 3064: 2908: 2873: 2839: 2743: 2712: 2672: 2605: 2593: 2460: 2450: 2437: 2367: 2053: 2028: 1929: 1735: 1671: 1513: 1387: 1032: 940: 928: 792: 627: 522: 7679:

Rodkey, Frederick Stanley. "Lord Palmerston and the rejuvenation of Turkey, 1830-41."

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published a very readable memoir of Palmerston, one of his political heroes, in 1882.

2895:

at the beginning of the Civil War on 13 May 1861. The Confederacy was recognised as a

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and reinforcements to India. Palmerston also agreed to transfer the authority of the

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Edward J. Davies, "The Ancestry of Lord Palmerston", The Genealogist, 22(2008):62–77

7093:

Planet Simpson: How a Cartoon Masterpiece Documented an Era and Defined a Generation

6707: 5534: 3136:

said: "It is come to this, that the words of the Prime Minister of England [

1916:, Palmerston led a retired life, but he attacked with characteristic bitterness the 1747:

from India, which was banned in China. Britain responded with military force in the

12461: 12047: 11972: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11907: 11897: 11737: 11676: 11666: 11552: 11542: 11472: 11397: 11387: 11347: 11317: 10912: 10862: 10785: 10775: 10735: 10725: 10064: 9999: 9979: 9954: 9944: 9934: 9554: 9505: 9491: 9246: 9135: 8437: 8121: 7975:(4 vol. Pickering & Chatto. 2006) reprints 19 original pamphlets on Palmerston. 7890: 7745: 7660: 7473: 7414: 7393: 7305: 6319: 5828: 5740: 5686:"TREATY OF ADRIANOPLE—CHARGES AGAINST VISCOUNT PALMERSTON. (Hansard, 1 March 1848)" 5512: 5504: 5320: 4411:

The Making of Addiction: The 'Use and Abuse' of Opium in Nineteenth-Century Britain

4357: 4216:

April 1864 – Edward Cardwell succeeds the Duke of Newcastle as Colonial Secretary.

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was previously named Palmerston in honour of the Viscount. A satellite city called

3493: 3471: 3438: 3276:), whose inheritance included a 10,000-acre (4,000-hectare) estate in the north of 3003: 2976: 2822: 2628: 2321: 1545: 1382:

gave a jolt to the settled European system that had been created in 1814–1815. The

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World Historical Fiction: An Annotated Guide to Novels for Adults and Young Adults

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International Relations of the Chinese Empire: The Period of Conflict: 1834-1860

7477: 6397: 6323: 6167: 5932: 5293:

Laurence Fenton, "Origins of Animosity: Lord Palmerston and The Times, 1830–41."

4535:, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2009, accessed 11 December 2010. 4228: 4063: 4040: 3839: 3817: 3584: 3475: 3396: 3327: 3008: 2999: 2987: 2964: 2114: 2073: 2036: 1855: 1842:, was widely believed to have been fathered by Palmerston. Palmerston resided at 1748: 1663: 1643: 1615: 1457: 1423: 1411: 1289: 1167: 6238: 5495:

Anbinder, Tyler (June 2001). "Lord Palmerston and the Irish famine emigration".

4246: 1581: 1437: 13017:

Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the University of Cambridge

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Lives of Victorian Political Figures Part 1: Palmerston, Disraeli and Gladstone

7749: 5057:

Franz Mehring. "Karl Marx. His life story". Moscow. Gospolitizdat. 1957. p. 264

3740: 3577: 3170: 3048: 3039:, as its construction was a breach of Britain's neutrality. Palmerston ordered 3013: 3002:

for the Confederate war effort. The U.S. accused Britain of being complicit in

2904: 2609: 2539: 2317: 2276: 2231: 2218: 2144: 1904: 1830:

In 1839, Palmerston married his mistress of many years, the noted Whig hostess

1690: 1675: 1667: 1621:

Despite his popular reputation he was hesitant in 1831 about aiding the Sultan

1595: 1557: 1470: 1415: 1308: 1210: 1163: 1129: 1121: 1098: 996: 945: 901: 877: 858: 827: 807: 490: 255: 168: 7734: 6227:

Lincoln in the World: The Making of a Statesman and the Dawn of American Power

5508: 5280:

John K. Derden, "The British Foreign Office and Policy Formation: The 1840s,"

4528: 4361: 3107:, the border with Schleswig. On 1 February 1864, the Prussian-Austrian armies 12855: 12656: 12608: 12592: 12522: 12517: 12502: 12092: 12027: 11872: 11562: 11422: 11337: 11287: 11277: 10975: 10932: 10922: 10882: 10114: 10094: 10079: 10029: 10014: 9929: 9919: 9914: 9638: 9624: 9582: 9568: 9463: 9017: 8977: 8958: 8628: 8592: 8578: 8022:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 645–649. 8009: 8004: 7429:(Southampton: Harrley Institute, 2007); pp. 203, 207; essays by scholars 5354: 3756: 3706: 3670: 3427: 3229: 3133: 2684: 2680: 2543: 2404: 2131: 2085: 2061: 1937: 1921: 1847: 1814: 1764: 1731: 1639: 1575: 1477: 1300: 1288:

finally passed Parliament in 1829 when Palmerston was in the opposition. The

1020: 1000: 956: 917: 803: 421: 7923:(1970) Long introduction, +147 primary source documents, many by Palmerston. 7397: 5324: 3789: 2575: 2336:

Palmerston passed the Factory Act 1853, which removed loopholes in previous

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Foundations of British Foreign Policy: From Pitt (1792) to Salisbury (1902)

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was signed on 30 March 1856. In April 1856 Palmerston was appointed to the

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In a letter to a friend on 24 December 1807, he described the late Whig MP

1024: 949: 823: 591: 8058:"Archival material relating to Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston" 6740:

Norman Gash, ‘’The English Historical Review’’ (Jan. 1972) 87#342, p. 136

6289:

Kenneth Bourne, "British Preparations for War with the North, 1861–1862,"

3284:, on which his stepfather had commissioned the building of the incomplete 2647:

Lord Palmerston Addressing the House of Commons During the Debates on the

2300:

became Prime Minister (in office 19 December 1852 – 30 January 1855) in a

2242:

could walk the earth unmolested by any foreign power. This was the famous

1715: 12669: 12349: 12228: 12132: 12017: 12012: 11987: 11767: 11757: 11537: 11532: 11522: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11427: 11257: 11162: 11147: 10980: 10937: 10877: 10124: 10104: 9778: 9768: 9758: 9652: 9631: 9316: 9302: 9022: 8366: 7894: 7856: 7850:

Britain and the World, 1815–1986: A Dictionary of International relations

7530:

Golicz, Roman. "Napoleon III, Lord Palmerston and the Entente Cordiale."

6060:

Deadly Dreams: Opium, Imperialism, and the Arrow War (1856–1860) in China

3726: 3597: 3591: 3570: 3563: 3481: 3373: 3350: 3300: 3104: 3025: 2896: 2851: 2704: 2621: 2597: 2412: 2400: 2275:

being a "day-before-yesterday tomfoolery which the scatterbrain heads of

1913: 1796:

publicity, all the while stirring up British nationalism. He feuded with

1556:

that gave Greece its independence. However, from 1830 the defence of the

1456:

appealed to the great powers that had placed him on the throne after the

1442: 1233: 924: 862: 574: 7674: 7546: 5332: 4012: 3785:(2019); the series dramatises his turbulent period as foreign secretary. 3763:

that Palmerston was the greatest prime minister, with Boggs arguing for

12446: 12112: 12072: 12067: 12062: 12052: 11952: 11527: 11492: 11412: 10907: 10902: 10887: 10867: 10800: 10074: 10069: 9610: 9603: 9012: 7836: 7822: 7808: 7698: 7569: 7513: 7317: 7267: 7257: 7192:

The Routledge Companion to Britain in the Nineteenth Century, 1815-1914

7165:

The Routledge Companion to Britain in the Nineteenth Century, 1815-1914

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Bailey, Frank E. "The Economics of British Foreign Policy, 1825-50."

5131: 5079:

The life and correspondence of Henry John Temple, viscount Palmerston

3521: 3432:

The Life and Correspondence of Henry John Temple, Viscount Palmerston

3377: 2780: 2601: 2446: 2442: 2419: 2418:

In May 1853, the Russians threatened to invade the principalities of

1933: 1798: 1773: 1720: 1622: 1611: 1603: 1570:

His two great aims were to prevent Russia establishing itself on the

1237: 7718:'The Most English Minister': the Policies and Politics of Palmerston 7554:

Peace, War and party politics: the Conservatives and Europe, 1846–59

2850:, with whom he had vehemently advocated increased aggression in the 1326:. On 1 June 1829 he made his first great speech on foreign affairs. 1158: 1019:

on 17 April 1802, before he had turned 18. He also inherited a vast

12532: 9721: 7584:

Kingston, Klari. "Gunboat Liberalism? Palmerston, Europe and 1848"

7309: 3542: 3426:, volumes I and II (1870), volume III edited and partly written by 2899:

but it was too premature to recognise it as a sovereign state. The

2423: 2305: 2264:– who had been elected President of France in 1848 – carried out a 2089: 1781: 1571: 1125: 791:

in 1830, and became the first prime minister from the newly formed

8003:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

7744:. Vol. 1 (online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 7380:

Brown, David. "Palmerston and Anglo–French Relations, 1846–1865."

6591:

V. N. Vinogradov (2006). "Lord Palmerston in European diplomacy".

4829:

Klari Kingston, "Gunboat Liberalism? Palmerston, Europe and 1848"

3794: 3412:, that only three people had ever understood the problem: one was 2994:

The long-term issue between Britain and the United States was the

2738:

codified and reformed the law, and was part of a wider process of

2487:

to accept the premiership. Derby offered Palmerston the office of

2358:

Palmerston reduced the period in which prisoners could be held in

1751:, 1839–1842, which ended in a decisive British victory. Under the 1063:

In February 1806, Palmerston was defeated in the election for the

912: 892:

was questioned and denounced by other prominent statesmen such as

8624: 8034: 5690: 5450:

David Brown, "Palmerston and Anglo–French Relations, 1846–1865,"

5282:

Proceedings & Papers of the Georgia Association of Historians

3628: 3618: 3611: 3281: 2885: 2211: 2121:, was defeated by the joint army of Austrian and Russian forces. 1863: 1539: 1533: 1419: 1028: 972: 968: 932: 850: 12561: 9063: 7775:

50.1 (2014): 43-60. Covers Palmerston, Gladstone, and Salisbury.

7248:

Bell, Herbert C. "Palmerston and Parliamentary Representation."

6347:

Lincoln, Seward, and U.S. Foreign Relations in the Civil War Era

3011:, even though the South was still part of the U.S. (as ruled in 1047:

After war was declared on France in 1803, Palmerston joined the

872:

Palmerston masterfully controlled public opinion by stimulating

6674: 4001:, the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, enters the Cabinet. 3525: 3216: 3186: 2325: 857:

be foreign secretary, forcing Palmerston to take the office of

818:

in 1802. He became a Tory MP in 1807. From 1809 to 1828 he was

5549:"In Famine's footsteps: trail of death leads to Skeleton Park" 2592:, and in the process, according to the local British official 2522:

for the first time since Palmerston has surpassed his record.

2345:

the Industrial Revolution. He also oversaw the passage of the

1951:'s attempt in December 1845 to form a ministry failed because 1870:

would live to eat the fruit, or sit together under the shade.

1658:

Palmerston, irritated at France's Egyptian policy, signed the

1552:

he had energetically supported the Greek cause and backed the

13012:

Whig (British political party) MPs for English constituencies

6239:

Thomas Paterson; J. Garry Clifford; Shane J. Maddock (2009).

4448:

Davies, Edward J. (2008). "The Ancestry of Lord Palmerston".

4396:

Modern British Foreign Policy: The Nineteenth Century 1814–80

4213:

becomes Secretary for War following Sir George Lewis's death.

3604: 2771: 2583: 1925: 1319: 13022:

Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Tiverton

7827:

Weber, Frank G. "Palmerston and Prussian Liberalism, 1848."

7537:

Henderson, Gavin B. "The Foreign Policy of Lord Palmerston"

6729:

The Rise and Fall of Liberal Government in Victorian Britain

3474:

in Eastern Ontario, now part of the amalgamated township of

2483:

Queen Victoria deeply distrusted Palmerston and first asked

7735:"Temple, Henry John, third Viscount Palmerston (1784–1865)" 7560:

Hickson, G. F. "Palmerston and the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty".

7120:"Palmerston the cat arrives for work at the Foreign Office" 6682: 5028: 4529:

Temple, Henry John, third Viscount Palmerston (1784–1865)

4240:

Coat of arms of Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston

3084: 2817:

had created an invasion scare and Palmerston established a

2596:, insulted the British flag. When the Chinese Commissioner 2137: 1476:

The British policy which emerged was a close alliance with

7861:

The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy, 1783–1919

5766: 5764: 5762: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4220:

succeeds Cardwell as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.

7813:

Vereté, Mayir. "Palmerston and the Levant Crisis, 1832."

3790:

Palmerston's First Cabinet, February 1855 – February 1858

3303:

endorses Jasper Ridley's characterisation of Palmerston:

3144: 3138: 2967:'s announcement in September 1862 that he would issue an 2251: 1225:

advocating and applying the doctrines of free trade, and

1178:, who formed his government in 1809, asked him to become 822:, organising the finances of the army. He first attained 7785:

Taylor, Antony. "Palmerston and Radicalism, 1847-1865."

7707:

Britain in Europe, 1789–1914: A survey of foreign policy

7077:

Wagons West: The Epic Story of America's Overland Trails

5075: 4933:

Fishman, J. S. (1971). "The London Conference of 1830".

3399:

has summarised his career by emphasising the paradoxes:

1039:(1803–1806). As a nobleman, he was entitled to take his 8080:

Portraits of Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston

7593:

Nineteenth Century British Premieres: Pitt to Roseberry

6204:

Lord Lyons: A Diplomat in an Age of Nationalism and War

5759: 5005: 4902: 4900: 4718: 4555:"Palmerston, Henry John (Temple), Viscount (PLMN803HJ)" 3215:

Palmerston enjoyed robust health in old age, living at

2312:

taking the role of Foreign Secretary and Leader of the

1886:. Theirs was one of the great marriages of the century. 775:, was a British statesman and politician who was twice 12173: 8833: 8074:

Papers of Henry John Temple, third Viscount Palmerston

7665:

Roberts, David. "Lord Palmerston at the home office."

7370:

Palmerston and the politics of foreign policy, 1846-55

6952:

Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900, Volume 56

6864:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968), p. 281. 4306:

History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom

1806:, which did not play along with his propaganda ploys. 1578:

as the chief barrier against both these developments.

13077:

Leaders of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom

5478:"Remembering 20,000 Famine refugees who died in 1847" 5396:

We Two: Victoria and Albert: Rulers, Partners, Rivals

4704:

Nineteenth Century British Premiers: Pitt to Rosebery

4013:

Palmerston's Second Cabinet, June 1859 – October 1865

3142:], uttered in the Parliament of England [ 2819:

Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom

2072:

No state was regarded by him with more aversion than

1499: 8746:

James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie

6225:

Kevin Peraino, "Lincoln vs. Palmerston" in Peraino,

5661:

A Mad, Bad, and Dangerous People?: England 1783-1846

4897: 2588:

In October 1856, the Chinese seized the pirate ship

1058: 995:(1800–1803), where he learnt political economy from 13087:

Liberal Party prime ministers of the United Kingdom

11612: 5433: 5411:(W. W. Norton and Co.: New York, 1997) pp. 538–565. 5349:, 'Temple, Emily'. Palmerston left his family seat 4990: 3649:– Early in this historical novel, Palmerston sends 2415:as a warning to Russia. He was overruled, however. 2362:from eighteen months to nine months. He also ended 13032:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 12882:19th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom 8773:Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 8763:Granville George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville 8214:Granville George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville 8040:contributions in Parliament by Viscount Palmerston 7733: 7610: 7277:The foreign policy of Victorian England, 1830–1902 7274: 7118: 7021:Steffen Hantke; Agnieszka Soltysik Monnet (2015). 6923:Choose Your Weapons: The British Foreign Secretary 6851:(London: Book Club Associates, 1981), pp. 106–107. 6797: 6795: 6793: 6693: 6691: 6653: 6651: 6525: 6523: 6465: 6463: 5382:Famous English Statesmen of Queen Victoria's Reign 4046:Granville George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville 3976:succeeds Wood as President of the Board of Control 3945:Henry Petty-FitzMaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 3388:they suspected the vessels were being used in the 3312:Historian Algernon Cecil summed up his greatness: 1015:Henry Temple succeeded his father to the title of 12927:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies 8047:biography from the Liberal Democrat History Group 6480:The Foreign Policy-of Victorian England 1830–1902 5865: 5863: 5853: 5851: 3733:meets a young Palmerston on returning to England. 3587:, Palmerston's constituency, are named after him. 3317:patriotic effrontry that has never been excelled. 2774:to an African ruler who is bowing down before her 2084:, and even allowed arms to be sent them from the 2042: 1097:Palmerston entered Parliament as Tory MP for the 834:, he resigned from office one year later. He was 12907:British Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs 12853: 12748:Mathematics, science, technology and engineering 8871: 6993: 6862:Smuts. Volume II: The Fields of Force. 1919–1950 6590: 5096: 3444: 1280:office, Palmerston found himself in opposition. 1012:or one possessed of more amiable dispositions." 9723:Leaders of the Opposition of the United Kingdom 8378:Member of Parliament for Newport, Isle of Wight 7935: 7444:British Foreign Policy in the Age of Palmerston 6790: 6688: 6648: 6520: 6513:Stephen Cooper, "Dreadnoughts without Wheels," 6460: 5617: 4491: 4489: 4434:Joshua Ehrlich, "Anxiety, Chaos, and the Raj." 4407: 4037:John Campbell, 1st Baron Campbell of St Andrews 2833: 2092:. Although he had endeavoured to restrain King 1966: 1360: 904:, and the United States proved more ephemeral. 7963:The Lieven Palmerston Correspondence 1828-1856 7921:Foreign Policy of Victorian England, 1830-1902 6873:J. R. Oldfield, "Palmerston and Anti-Slavery" 6195: 5860: 5848: 5353:to her fourth, but 2nd surviving son Rt. Hon. 5218: 4116:Edward Adolphus Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset 3677:in which Great Britain allies itself with the 2821:which reported in 1860. It recommended a huge 2788: 2534:Lord Palmerston, c. 1855 by Francis Cruikshank 1840:Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury 1540:Balkans and Near East: defending Turkey, 1830s 1153: 881:the royal role in determining foreign policy. 779:in the mid-19th century. Palmerston dominated 771:(20 October 1784 – 18 October 1865), known as 12577: 12159: 11598: 11039: 10454: 9707: 9049: 8857: 8427:Member of Parliament for Cambridge University 7879:"Lord Palmerston and religion: a reappraisal" 7116: 7047: 6380:. Naval Operations Office. 1966. p. 114. 6242:American Foreign Relations: A History to 1920 4193:Edward Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley 4188:(Milner-Gibson remains at the Board of Trade) 3909:Edward Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley 3228:, the Cabinet insisted that he should have a 3159:in August, Palmerston told his constituents: 2491:, which he accepted under the condition that 13062:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 12912:Secretaries of State for the Home Department 8252:George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen 8197:George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen 8187:George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen 8143:George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen 7089: 7074: 6411: 5384:. Boston: C.J. Peter's and Sons. p. 85. 4486: 3617:Palmerston Road and Palmerston Park in east 3583:Palmerston Park and the Palmerston Hotel in 3189:violence in Ireland. Palmerston ordered the 2998:loaded with British arms or construction of 2723: 2507: 2287: 2201:, a Gibraltarian merchant living in Athens, 1305:Statue of Lord Palmerston, Parliament Square 806:(which did not entitle him to a seat in the 408:22 November 1830 – 15 November 1834 12722:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 8115:Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Granville 8014:Palmerston, Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount 7843:The Foreign Policy of Palmerston. 1830-1841 6584: 5657: 5185:. Cambridge University Press. p. 380. 4401: 4088:Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle 4060:George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll 4006:Ulick de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde 3836:George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll 3823:Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville 3653:on a mission to India. It happens that the 3545:'s main shopping precinct, Palmerston Road. 3511:was established adjacent to Darwin in 1971. 2919:in July 1861, but 15 months later he felt: 2778:Some people called Palmerston a womaniser; 2027:tenants for non-payment of rent during the 1263:hastened to include Palmerston, Huskisson, 1174:Palmerston's speech was so successful that 1090:. He stood again for the Cambridge seat in 923:Henry John Temple was born in his family's 268:28 December 1852 – 6 February 1855 205:6 February 1855 – 19 February 1858 12867:Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston 12584: 12570: 12166: 12152: 11605: 11591: 11046: 11032: 10461: 10447: 9714: 9700: 9056: 9042: 8864: 8850: 8086: 8066: 7188: 7161: 6971:. Southampton City Council. Archived from 6390: 6201: 4356:. Cambridge University Press: 1–27. 1979. 4074:Secretary of State for the Home Department 3849:Secretary of State for the Home Department 3798:Palmerston addressing the House of Commons 3424:Henry Bulwer, 1st Baron Dalling and Bulwer 3265:appeared. He did not do himself justice." 2659:After the election, Palmerston passed the 2584:Arrow controversy and the Second Opium War 2555:to break off the peace negotiations until 2080:. He supported the Sicilians against King 1755:, China paid an indemnity and opened five 1465:other, many Belgian revolutionaries, like 742:Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston 131: 10477:Foreign Secretaries of the United Kingdom 7945:. London: Victor Gollancz. Archived from 7715: 6671:Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey 6091:. Longmans, Green, and Company. pp. 5994:The Great Rivalry: Gladstone and Disraeli 5516: 5437:The life and times of viscount Palmerston 5125: 4750:REPEAL OF THE TEST AND CORPORATION ACTS. 4553: 4311:Foreign policy of William Ewart Gladstone 4291:Flecti Non Frangi (To Be Bent Not Broken) 4202:succeeds Lord Campbell as Lord Chancellor 4195:succeeds Lord Elgin as Postmaster-General 3990:succeeds Molesworth as Colonial Secretary 2525: 2504:on 4 February 1855 to form a government. 2100: 1974: 1704: 1544:Palmerston was greatly interested by the 363:18 April 1835 – 2 September 1841 83:Learn how and when to remove this message 8522:Member of Parliament for Hampshire South 8306:Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby 8269:Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby 8170:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington 8160:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington 8008: 7982:(1938), primary sources pp. 88–304 7978:Temperley, Harold and L.M. Penson, eds. 7873:(2006). Chapters 1 to 4, pp. 15–92; 6309: 6276: 6274: 6264: 6262: 6174:(London: Victor Gollancz, 1928), p. 279. 6084: 6045: 6043: 5934:Historical Dictionary of the Crimean War 5770: 5494: 5032: 4752:HC Deb 26 February 1828 vol 18 cc676-781 4737: 4273:A talbot sejant Sable plain collared Or. 4016: 3793: 3705:in which Great Britain invades both the 3580:, London, NW5 is named after Palmerston. 3569:Palmerston Road and Palmerston Grove in 3453: 3115:where the war would be fought. In April 2982: 2838:During the advent and occurrence of the 2770:looking on as Queen Victoria presents a 2757: 2690: 2642: 2574: 2529: 2455: 2138:Royal and parliamentary reaction to 1848 1984: 1890: 1813: 1714: 1580: 1436: 1299: 1295: 1157: 999:, a friend of the Scottish philosophers 911: 907: 656: 7971:Partridge, Michael, and Richard Gaunt. 7926: 7914:. London: The Royal Historical Society. 7741:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 7577:The Mid-Victorian Generation, 1846–1886 6849:Winston Churchill. The Wilderness Years 5990: 4932: 4533:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4523: 4521: 4519: 4414:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 66. 2880:. Although a professed opponent of the 2067: 320:6 July 1846 – 26 December 1851 160:12 June 1859 – 18 October 1865 14: 13042:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge 12854: 12411:Prevention of Crime (Ireland) Act 1848 11062:Home Secretaries of the United Kingdom 10484:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 7909: 7876: 7731: 7652: 7608: 7574: 7518: 7492: 7463: 7336:(Winter 2002) 76:33–35; historiography 7295: 7272: 7096:. Random House of Canada. p. 75. 6754:British Foreign Secretaries, 1807–1916 5927: 5379: 4447: 4323:Timeline of British diplomatic history 4218:George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon 4083:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 3858:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 3854:George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon 3638: 3420:The Life of Lord Palmerston up to 1847 2675:to the Crown. This was enacted in the 2403:of 1853–1856. One of his biographers, 2252:Crossing the Queen and resigning, 1851 2210:government, and blockaded the port of 2186: 1767:, outlines the government's position: 1723:from the surrounding heights, May 1841 1532:was accused of secretly favouring the 1504:In 1833 and 1834, the youthful Queens 830:became prime minister, but like other 13037:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh 12565: 12259:List of memorials to the Great Famine 12147: 11586: 11027: 11000:Category:British Secretaries of State 10442: 9695: 9065:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom 9037: 8845: 8832: 8807:Henry Temple, 2nd Viscount Palmerston 8494:Member of Parliament for Bletchingley 8099: 7782:(July 1951) 1#7 pp. 35–41 online 7551: 7434:British Foreign Secretaries 1807-1916 7404: 7387: 7339: 6293:Vol 76 No 301 (Oct 1961) pp. 600–632 6271: 6259: 6040: 5818: 5730: 5310: 5180: 5174: 5128:England and the Near East: The Crimea 5097:Al-Sayyid-Marsot, Afaf Lutfi (1984). 4021:Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston 4008:succeeds Harrowby as Lord Privy Seal. 3541:are named after Palmerston – notably 3470:The former township of Palmerston in 2876:(1861–65) were with the secessionist 2861: 2746:was the basis of modern company law. 1850:, his wife's inheritance. His London 1418:, while the northern powers (Russia, 984:shook hands with the prime minister, 937:Henry Temple, 2nd Viscount Palmerston 810:, leaving him eligible to sit in the 13047:Rectors of the University of Glasgow 10954:Commonwealth and Development Affairs 8313:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 8259:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 7726:Palmerston and Liberalism, 1855–1865 7425:Brown, David and Miles Taylor, eds. 7131:from the original on 12 January 2022 7024:War Gothic in Literature and Culture 6916: 6903:A. J. P. Taylor, "Lord Palmerston," 6785:Palmerston and Liberalism, 1855–1865 4619: 4516: 4160:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 3922:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 3576:The Lord Palmerston public house in 3458:Palmerston's Memorial in Southampton 3176: 2736:Offences against the Person Act 1861 2411:should join the French fleet in the 2221:. The House of Commons was moved by 1836:William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne 1318:, and he had made several visits to 1065:University of Cambridge constituency 777:prime minister of the United Kingdom 148:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 36: 8721:Rector of the University of Glasgow 8670:Leader of the British Liberal Party 8263:6 February 1855 – 19 February 1858 7871:A Companion to 19th-Century Britain 7778:Taylor, A. J. P. "Lord Palmerston" 7374:online dissertation version of 1998 7151:"Laurence Fox is Palmerston" (2019) 6787:(Cambridge University Press, 1991). 6312:American Nineteenth Century History 6129:A Companion to 19th-Century Britain 4921:British History in the 19th Century 4805:British History in the 19th Century 4318:International relations (1814–1919) 4200:Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury 4092:Secretary of State for the Colonies 3927:Sir William Molesworth, 8th Baronet 3867:Secretary of State for the Colonies 3779:portrays Palmerston in series 3 of 3155:In a speech at his constituency at 2868:Diplomacy of the American Civil War 2226:administration of foreign affairs. 1730:restricted outside trade under the 1585:Palmerston (age 50), c. 1830s–1840s 1105:on the Isle of Wight in June 1807. 1035:on this estate. Palmerston went to 27:19th-century British prime minister 24: 12175:Great Hunger in Ireland, 1845–1852 8834:Lord Palmerston navigational boxes 7903: 7451:Palmerston. 'The People's Darling' 7419:10.1111/j.1750-0206.2001.tb00381.x 6414:"The Confederate Blockade Runners" 5997:. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 98. 5833:10.1111/j.1750-0206.2001.tb00381.x 5297:16.4 (2010): pp. 365–378; Fenton, 5267:May Caroline Chan, "Canton, 1857" 5099:Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali 4245: 3918:Dudley Ryder, 2nd Earl of Harrowby 2938:and seized two Confederate envoys 2023:, Palmerston evicted 2,000 of his 1602:, running the Russian blockade of 1500:France, Spain, and Portugal, 1830s 1252:, which barely survived the year. 25: 13123: 12902:Leaders of the Liberal Party (UK) 12591: 12254:National Famine Commemoration Day 8790:Robert Jocelyn, 3rd Earl of Roden 8615:Leaders of the British Whig Party 8565:Member of Parliament for Tiverton 8084:National Portrait Gallery, London 8027: 7709:(1937) pp. 241–300, 400–63. 6245:. Cengage Learning. p. 149. 5357:(24 July 1836 – 15 November 1907) 5076:Anthony Evelyn M. Ashley (1879). 4225:Robert Rolfe, 1st Baron Cranworth 3936:Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning 3904:President of the Board of Control 3814:Robert Rolfe, 1st Baron Cranworth 2749: 1384:United Kingdom of the Netherlands 1373: 1059:Early political career: 1806–1809 467:November 1809 – May 1828 13052:People educated at Harrow School 13027:Lords Warden of the Cinque Ports 12830: 12829: 12546: 12545: 11571: 11055: 11006: 10995: 10994: 10829: 10470: 9675: 9674: 8358:Parliament of the United Kingdom 7996: 7989: 7541:22#88 (1938), pp. 335–344, 7332:Brown, David. "Lord Palmerston" 7209: 7182: 7155: 7143: 7110: 7083: 7068: 7041: 7014: 6987: 6957: 6940: 6910: 6897: 6880: 6867: 6854: 6841: 6825: 6816: 6804: 6777: 6768: 6759: 6746: 6734: 6721: 6700: 6660: 6635: 6626: 6617: 6608: 6571: 6558: 6545: 6532: 6507: 6494: 6485: 6472: 6451: 6442: 6424: 6405: 6384: 6368: 6338: 6303: 6283: 6232: 6219: 6210: 6186: 6177: 6161: 6152: 6143: 6134: 6121: 6112: 6107:Readers Guide to British History 6099: 6078: 6065: 6052: 6027: 6014: 6001: 5984: 5975: 5962: 5921: 5908: 5899: 5890: 5881: 4260: 4254: 3693:– Palmerston is featured in the 3665:– Palmerston is featured in the 3345:became foreign secretary in the 2901:United States Secretary of State 2679:. After the Italian republican 2651:in February 1860, as painted by 2331: 2294:Conservative minority government 2082:Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies 710: 41: 12892:19th-century Anglo-Irish people 12887:18th-century Anglo-Irish people 11614:Leaders of the House of Commons 10952:Secretary of State for Foreign, 8753:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 8317:12 June 1859 – 18 October 1865 7581:, wide-ranging scholarly survey 7227: 7117:Helena Horton (13 April 2016). 6581:(Batchworth Press, 1954) p. 332 6564:'Lord Palmerston at Tiverton', 6377:Civil War Chronology, 1861-1865 5872: 5839: 5812: 5803: 5794: 5785: 5776: 5724: 5715: 5706: 5691:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5678: 5651: 5638: 5624:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 119–20. 5611: 5598: 5585: 5572: 5559: 5541: 5488: 5470: 5457: 5444: 5427: 5414: 5401: 5388: 5373: 5360: 5339: 5304: 5287: 5274: 5261: 5252: 5239: 5212: 5199: 5161: 5148: 5119: 5090: 5069: 5060: 5051: 5038: 4984: 4971: 4958: 4945: 4926: 4913: 4884: 4871: 4858: 4845: 4836: 4823: 4810: 4797: 4784: 4775: 4766: 4757: 4743: 4709: 4696: 4679: 4666: 4657: 4644: 4610: 4601: 4592: 4583: 4574: 4565: 4547: 4538: 4507: 4498: 4186:President of the Poor Law Board 4147:President of the Board of Trade 3913:President of the Board of Trade 3685:at the direction of Palmerston. 3437:The popular Victorian novelist 3031:, built in the British port of 2872:Palmerston's sympathies in the 2470:Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) 2353: 2014: 1981:Affair of the Spanish Marriages 1662:of 15 July 1840 in London with 1614:, who stated "from the time of 652: 12731:Economy, society and knowledge 12396:Poor Relief (Ireland) Act 1838 12214:Chronology of the Great Famine 12194:History of Ireland (1801–1923) 10839:Secretary of State for Foreign 8714:James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin 8680:John Russell, 1st Earl Russell 8340:Leader of the House of Commons 8323:John Russell, 1st Earl Russell 8286:Leader of the House of Commons 8053:on the Downing Street website. 8051:More about Viscount Palmerston 7927:Francis, George Henry (1852). 7564:3#3 (1931), pp. 295–303. 7556:. Manchester University Press. 4473: 4460: 4441: 4428: 4388: 4375: 4335: 4165:James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin 4032:Leader of the House of Commons 3809:Leader of the House of Commons 2844:Richard Lyons, 2nd Baron Lyons 2638: 2394: 2043:Support for revolutions abroad 1286:Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 1259:remained influential, and the 1219:Leader of the House of Commons 13: 1: 13007:UK MPs who inherited peerages 12406:Irish Poor Law Extension Acts 8689:Liberal Leader in the Commons 8045:Viscount Palmerston 1784–1865 7195:. Routledge. pp. 46–47. 6418:United States Naval Institute 6354:. 5 April 2019. p. 162. 6291:The English Historical Review 6206:. McGill-Queen’s Press, 2014. 5745:10.1080/07075332.2004.9641038 4935:Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 4328: 4050:Lord President of the Council 3960:Later in February 1855 – Sir 3881:Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet 3827:Lord President of the Council 3445:Places named after Palmerston 3183:general election in July 1865 2911:because he was convinced the 2878:Confederate States of America 2848:Edmund Lyons, 1st Baron Lyons 2730:Liberal government, 1859–1866 2370:for prisoners by passing the 2021:Anglo-Irish absentee landlord 1711:Destruction of opium at Humen 1128:had recently agreed with the 952:in the northwest of Ireland. 931:, although he rarely visited 13082:Fellows of the Royal Society 13072:Burials at Westminster Abbey 12743:Economy, industry, and trade 8954:Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman 8873:Leaders of the Liberal Party 8076:. University of Southampton. 7801:Cambridge Historical Journal 7765:UK public library membership 7575:Hoppen, K. Theodore (1998). 7562:Cambridge Historical Journal 7478:10.1080/13688804.2010.507473 7442:Chamberlain, Muriel Evelyn. 6643:Disraeli: A Personal History 6352:University Press of Kentucky 6324:10.1080/14664658.2014.959819 5733:International History Review 5567:Britain in Europe: 1789-1914 5434:James Ewing Ritchie (1866). 5156:Britain in Europe: 1789-1914 4991:Henry Lytton Bulwer (1871). 4979:Britain in Europe: 1789-1914 4853:Britain in Europe: 1789-1914 4174: 4156:Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet 4111:Secretary of State for India 4054:Leader of the House of Lords 3845:Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet 3831:Leader of the House of Lords 2834:Relationship with Lord Lyons 2815:French intervention in Italy 2715:was formed. The Queen asked 2677:Government of India Act 1858 2387:Palmerston strongly opposed 2060:, and deeply hostile to the 1967:Foreign Secretary: 1846–1851 1646:against the Turkish forces. 1460:to maintain his rights. The 1454:William I of the Netherlands 1361:Foreign Secretary: 1830–1841 1037:St John's College, Cambridge 916:Temple (age 18) in 1802, by 698:St John's College, Cambridge 7: 12897:People of the Victorian era 11656:Vacant (caretaker ministry) 8731:John Inglis, Lord Glencorse 7732:Steele, David (May 2009) . 7427:Palmerston Studies I and II 7054:. eNet Press. p. 204. 6436:Kent State University Press 6412:Paul Hendren (April 1933). 6391:David Keys (24 June 2014). 5664:. OUP Oxford. p. 247. 5454:(Dec 2006) 17#4 pp. 675–692 5452:Diplomacy & Statecraft, 5126:Temperley, Harold (2018) . 5082:. Richard Bentley. p. 4997:. Richard Bentley. p. 4559:A Cambridge Alumni Database 4299: 4138:Chief Secretary for Ireland 4129:Chancellor of the Exchequer 4120:First Lord of the Admiralty 3981:First Commissioner of Works 3966:Chancellor of the Exchequer 3931:First Commissioner of Works 3894:Chancellor of the Exchequer 3885:First Lord of the Admiralty 3089:Schleswig–Holstein question 3075:and the neighboring German 3071:wanted to annex the Danish 2973:overthrow of the Greek king 2823:programme of fortifications 2789:Relationship with Gladstone 2661:Matrimonial Causes Act 1857 2474:Charge of the Light Brigade 2273:French Constitution of 1848 1991:Portrait of Lord Palmerston 1822:, then Countess Cowper, by 1809: 1292:passed Parliament in 1832. 1180:Chancellor of the Exchequer 1154:Secretary at War: 1809–1828 10: 13128: 12528:Irish National Land League 12249:Legacy of the Great Famine 12219:British Relief Association 8654:Whig Leader in the Commons 8435:Sir Vicary Gibbs 1811–1812 8402:Sir Leonard Worsley-Holmes 7787:Journal of British Studies 7716:Southgate, Donald (1966). 7519:Fuller, Howard J. (2014). 7000:. Greenwood. p. 224. 6604:(in Russian) (5): 182–209. 6577:William Baring Pemberton, 6517:(Aug 2014) 64#8 pp. 16-17. 6022:The Crimean War: A History 5103:Cambridge University Press 4561:. University of Cambridge. 4227:succeeds Lord Westbury as 4184:succeeds Milner-Gibson as 4101:Secretary of State for War 4028:First Lord of the Treasury 3954: 3949:Minister without Portfolio 3876:Secretary of State for War 3805:First Lord of the Treasury 3646:Flashman in the Great Game 3083:, chiefly for its port of 3058: 2996:supply of blockade runners 2990:depicting Palmerston, 1863 2893:proclamation of neutrality 2865: 2740:consolidating criminal law 2727: 2511: 2489:Secretary of State for War 2190: 2183:remarkably inept Cabinet. 2094:Charles Albert of Sardinia 1978: 1897:Melbourne's administration 1708: 1448: 29: 12820: 12730: 12705:The Marquess of Salisbury 12617: 12599: 12541: 12480: 12419: 12401:Temporary Relief Act 1847 12388: 12272: 12244:Encumbered Estates' Court 12181: 11620: 11569: 11068: 10989: 10951: 10838: 10827: 10483: 10373:Alexander of Hillsborough 10358:5th Marquess of Salisbury 10328:4th Marquess of Salisbury 10303:5th Marquess of Lansdowne 10278:3rd Marquess of Salisbury 10263:3rd Marquess of Salisbury 10253:3rd Marquess of Salisbury 10198:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 10188:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 10163:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 10153:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 10133: 9729: 9669: 9201: 9076: 8967: 8923: 8879: 8839: 8811: 8803: 8796: 8786: 8777: 8769: 8759: 8750: 8742: 8737: 8727: 8718: 8710: 8705: 8695: 8686: 8676: 8667: 8662: 8651: 8643: 8621: 8612: 8604: 8599: 8584: 8562: 8550: 8536: 8519: 8514: 8491: 8479: 8465: 8455:Nicholas Conyngham Tindal 8424: 8411: 8399: 8375: 8363: 8356: 8346: 8337: 8329: 8319: 8310: 8302: 8292: 8283: 8275: 8265: 8256: 8248: 8237: 8228: 8220: 8210: 8201: 8193: 8183: 8174: 8166: 8156: 8147: 8139: 8128: 8119: 8111: 8106: 7931:. London: Colburn and Co. 7883:English Historical Review 7829:Journal of Modern History 7815:Journal of Modern History 7691:Journal of Modern History 7681:Journal of Modern History 7626:History of Modern England 7609:Martin, Kingsley (1963). 7493:Fenton, Laurence (2013). 7436:(1927) pp. 131–226. 7298:Journal of Modern History 7264:Journal of Modern History 7250:Journal of Modern History 7168:. Routledge. p. 46. 7079:. Open Road. p. 122. 7027:. Routledge. p. 48. 6994:Lynda G. Adamson (1999). 6888:English historical review 6813:(10 November 1865), p. 7. 5509:10.1017/S0018246X01001844 5209:73.180 (2000): pp. 33-47. 4362:10.1017/S006869050000338X 3690:Stars and Stripes trilogy 3627:and Palmerston Avenue in 3291: 3125:London Conference of 1864 3055:Confederacy was offered. 2969:Emancipation Proclamation 2724:Prime Minister: 1859–1865 2618:election of 1857 followed 2514:First Palmerston ministry 2508:Prime Minister: 1855–1858 2288:Home Secretary: 1852–1855 2111:1848 war for independence 1763:Palmerston's biographer, 1592:Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi 1550:Greek War of Independence 1462:London Conference of 1830 1316:Greek War of Independence 735: 718: 706: 683: 666: 637: 608: 598: 581: 557: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 516: 504: 471: 460: 453: 443: 433: 412: 401: 391: 379: 367: 356: 344: 334: 324: 313: 306: 294: 282: 272: 261: 254: 250: 243: 239: 229: 217: 209: 198: 186: 174: 164: 153: 146: 142: 130: 99: 12189:Irish Famine (1740–1741) 10841:and Commonwealth Affairs 9150:Chatham (Pitt the Elder) 8600:Party political offices 7910:Bourne, Kenneth (1979). 7845:(2v. 1951) a major study 7552:Hicks, Geoffrey (2007). 7382:Diplomacy and Statecraft 7273:Bourne, Kenneth (1970). 6907:Jan 1991, Vol. 41#1 p. 1 6504:(1936) 2: pp. 9–10, 364. 5618:Laurence Fenton (2012). 5593:Lord Palmerston - Vol. 1 4691:Royal Historical Society 4408:Louise Foxcroft (2013). 3655:Indian rebellion of 1857 3555:Palmerston Place in the 3347:Third Gladstone ministry 3210: 2917:First Battle of Bull Run 2806:When in May 1864 the MP 2793:Although Palmerston and 2665:Indian Rebellion of 1857 2292:After a brief period of 1918:Webster-Ashburton Treaty 1554:Treaty of Constantinople 1441:Statue of Palmerston in 1414:was in arms against the 1386:was rent in half by the 1338:Encyclopaedia Britannica 1078:Due to the patronage of 986:William Pitt the Younger 594:, Hertfordshire, England 55:may need to be rewritten 13067:People from Westminster 12700:William Ewart Gladstone 12690:The Viscount Palmerston 12498:European Potato Failure 12335:Marquess of Clanricarde 12300:Marquess of Londonderry 12239:Young Ireland rebellion 9394:Disraeli (Beaconsfield) 8939:William Ewart Gladstone 8934:The Viscount Palmerston 8780:Senior Privy Counsellor 8699:William Ewart Gladstone 8633:Independent Irish Party 8509:Constituency abolished 8350:William Ewart Gladstone 8224:Spencer Horatio Walpole 8019:Encyclopædia Britannica 7653:Ridley, Jasper (1970). 7595:(2008) pp. 245–65. 7398:10.1111/1468-229X.00176 7392:. 86#201 (281): 41–61. 6890:80.317 (1965): 761-784 6568:(24 August 1864), p. 9. 5422:Palmerston: A Biography 5368:Palmerston: A Biography 5355:Evelyn Melbourne Ashley 5325:10.1111/1468-229x.00176 5271:(2010), 36#1 pp. 31-35. 5219:Glenn Melancon (2003). 5046:Palmerston: A Biography 4968:(London 1961) pp. 254-5 4879:Palmerston: A Biography 4818:Palmerston: A Biography 4652:Palmerston: a biography 4483:(1970) pp. 3-4, 32, 90. 4383:Palmerston: A Biography 4234: 4182:Charles Pelham Villiers 4125:William Ewart Gladstone 3890:William Ewart Gladstone 3503:The Australian city of 3272:(later created the 1st 3181:Palmerston won another 2795:William Ewart Gladstone 2614:William Ewart Gladstone 1790:William Ewart Gladstone 1719:British bombardment of 993:University of Edinburgh 991:Temple was then at the 894:William Ewart Gladstone 693:University of Edinburgh 289:Spencer Horatio Walpole 106:The Viscount Palmerston 13112:Anti-Russian sentiment 12917:Lords of the Admiralty 12665:The Viscount Melbourne 12619:Politics and diplomacy 12493:Highland Potato Famine 12488:National Famine Museum 9003:Sir Archibald Sinclair 8944:Marquess of Hartington 8394:Leonard Worsley-Holmes 7831:35.2 (1963): 125-136. 7817:24.2 (1952): 143-151. 7789:33.2 (1994): 157-179. 7773:Middle Eastern Studies 7750:10.1093/ref:odnb/27112 7266:12.4 (1940): 449–484. 7048:C.S. Forester (2011). 6594:New and Recent History 5991:Leonard, Dick (2013). 5497:The Historical Journal 5380:Bolton, Sarah (1891). 5181:Lewis, Donald (2014). 4833:47#2 (1997) pp. 37-43. 4794:(London 1961) pp. 70-1 4685:Kenneth Bourne (ed.), 4672:George Henry Francis, 4250: 4070:George Cornewall Lewis 4022: 3983:is not in the Cabinet. 3964:succeeds Gladstone as 3962:George Cornewall Lewis 3799: 3657:is about to break out. 3459: 3204: 3166: 2991: 2957: 2949: 2925: 2775: 2667:. Palmerston sent Sir 2656: 2580: 2535: 2526:Ending the Crimean War 2464: 2160:Thomas Chisholm Anstey 2101:Hungarian independence 1999: 1975:France and Spain, 1845 1827: 1724: 1705:China: First Opium War 1586: 1482:Leopold of Saxe-Coburg 1445: 1357:as Foreign Secretary. 1343: 1311: 1246:Canning administration 1196:Bethlem Royal Hospital 1171: 1144: 920: 847:a coalition government 781:British foreign policy 511:The 1st Earl Granville 449:The 2nd Earl Granville 426:The Viscount Melbourne 386:The Duke of Wellington 374:The Viscount Melbourne 351:The 2nd Earl Granville 245:Ministerial positions 13057:Knights of the Garter 12442:Robert Dudley Edwards 12380:William Henry Gregory 12375:Matthew James Higgins 12345:Christopher St George 12330:Marquess of Lansdowne 12320:Nassau William Senior 11012:Portal:United Kingdom 10343:Ponsonby of Shulbrede 8915:The Marquess of Crewe 8910:The Marquess of Ripon 8900:The Earl of Kimberley 8637:British Liberal party 7919:Bourne, Kenneth, ed/ 7877:Wolffe, John (2005). 7869:Williams, Chris, ed. 7803:7.2 (1942): 115-126. 7693:2.2 (1930): 193-225. 7683:1.4 (1929): 570-593. 7661:Online free to borrow 7642:Morse, Hosea Ballou. 7506:Jewish Social Studies 7453:(John Murray, 2004). 7407:Parliamentary History 7384:17.4 (2006): 675–692. 7340:Brown, David (2010). 7252:4.2 (1932): 186–213. 7090:Chris Turner (2010). 7075:Frank McLynn (2007). 6946:Stanley Lane-Poole, ' 6926:. Orion. p. 33. 6641:Hibbert, Christopher 6127:Chris Williams, ed., 5821:Parliamentary History 4966:The Triumph of Reform 4908:The Triumph of Reform 4892:The Triumph of Reform 4866:The Triumph of Reform 4792:The Triumph of Reform 4438:63.3 (2020): 777–787. 4249: 4020: 3999:Matthew Talbot Baines 3797: 3610:Palmerston Street in 3603:Palmerston Street in 3496:, in Manawatu in the 3457: 3270:William Cowper-Temple 3199: 3161: 3079:, whose Duke was the 2986: 2953: 2945: 2921: 2800:William Henry Gregory 2761: 2728:Further information: 2691:Opposition: 1858–1859 2646: 2578: 2533: 2512:Further information: 2459: 2429:Imperial Russian Army 2376:Home Secretary powers 2205:, was attacked by an 2197:In 1847, the home of 1988: 1891:Opposition: 1841–1846 1817: 1718: 1680:bombardment of Beirut 1598:, the creator of the 1584: 1440: 1328: 1303: 1296:Opposition: 1828–1830 1227:Catholic emancipation 1201:After the suicide of 1161: 1139: 1051:mustered to oppose a 915: 908:Early life: 1784–1806 496:The Viscount Goderich 486:The Earl of Liverpool 13097:Viscounts Palmerston 12710:The Earl of Rosebery 12685:The Earl of Aberdeen 12355:Lionel de Rothschild 8949:Sir William Harcourt 8905:The Earl of Rosebery 8503:Thomas Hyde Villiers 8062:UK National Archives 7720:. London: Macmillan. 7705:Seton-Watson, R. W. 7669:21.1 (1958): 63-81. 7657:. London: Constable. 7534:50.12 (2000): 10–17. 7219:. 1865. p. 268. 6837:. 1866. p. 275. 6500:Herbert C. F. Bell, 6457:Ridley, pp. 570–571. 5896:Ridley, pp. 409–410. 5887:Ridley, pp. 408–409. 5845:Ridley, pp. 413–414. 5809:Ridley, pp. 398–399. 5791:Ridley, pp. 394–395. 5712:Ridley, pp. 374–375. 5658:Boyd Hilton (2006). 5591:Herbert C. F. Bell, 5565:R. W. Seton-Watson, 5258:Ridley, pp. 254-256. 5130:. Oxford; New York: 5066:Ridley, pp. 208–209. 4977:R. W. Seton-Watson, 4923:(London 1922) p. 233 4851:R. W. Seton-Watson, 4807:(London 1922) p. 232 4781:Ridley, pp. 105–106. 4763:Ridley, pp. 147–153. 4143:Thomas Milner Gibson 3625:Palmerston Boulevard 3390:Atlantic slave trade 3262:Florence Nightingale 2882:Atlantic slave trade 2827:Royal Navy Dockyards 2360:solitary confinement 2347:Vaccination Act 1853 2302:coalition government 2260:On 2 December 1851, 2123:Prince Schwarzenberg 2078:Italian independence 2068:Italian independence 1895:Within a few months 1510:Maria II of Portugal 1506:Isabella II of Spain 1467:Charles de Brouckère 1242:John Charles Herries 1118:Battle of Copenhagen 843:4th Earl of Aberdeen 798:Temple succeeded to 577:, Middlesex, England 439:The Earl of Aberdeen 397:The Earl of Aberdeen 340:The Earl of Aberdeen 278:The Earl of Aberdeen 224:The Earl of Aberdeen 102:The Right Honourable 13102:Irish abolitionists 12922:Tory MPs (pre-1834) 12753:Society and culture 12513:Theories of famines 12508:Economic liberalism 12432:Cecil Woodham-Smith 12360:Stephen Spring Rice 12325:Viscount Palmerston 10313:Curzon of Kedleston 8814:Viscount Palmerston 8664:New political party 8544:Henry Combe Compton 8540:John Willis Fleming 8443:William John Bankes 7639:(Bloomsbury, 2015). 7598:Macknight, Thomas. 7281:. Clarendon Press. 7189:Chris Cook (2005). 7162:Chris Cook (2005). 7125:The Daily Telegraph 6105:David Loades, ed., 5972:(1970) pp. 415–416. 5918:(1970) pp. 403-405. 5782:Ridley, pp. 387–94. 5721:Ridley, pp. 379–81. 5484:. 26 November 2016. 5424:(2010) pp. 279–333. 5370:(2010), pp. 474-78. 5207:Historical Research 4910:(London 1961) p. 73 4894:(London 1961) p. 20 4868:(London 1961) p. 72 4241: 3725:– in this novel by 3639:Cultural references 3590:Palmerston Road in 3562:Palmerston Road in 3557:West End, Edinburgh 3548:Palmerston Road in 3323:Glorious Revolution 3171:County of Lauenburg 3093:the Danish princess 2570:Order of the Garter 2478:Battle of Balaclava 2372:Penal Servitude Act 2223:John Arthur Roebuck 2193:Don Pacifico affair 2187:Don Pacifico affair 2049:Revolutions of 1848 1957:Whigs came to power 1392:Kingdom of Portugal 1380:Revolutions of 1830 1336:"Lord Palmerston", 1071:he was elected for 1017:Viscount Palmerston 955:He was educated at 874:British nationalism 816:Viscount Palmerston 32:Viscount Palmerston 12305:Marquess Conyngham 11868:Campbell-Bannerman 10418:Royall of Blaisdon 10398:Cledwyn of Penrhos 9887:Campbell-Bannerman 9457:Campbell-Bannerman 8998:Sir Herbert Samuel 8993:David Lloyd George 8983:Sir Donald Maclean 8890:The Earl Granville 8798:Peerage of Ireland 8623:Party merged with 8528:Served alongside: 8500:Served alongside: 8473:William Yates Peel 8107:Political offices 8100:Offices and titles 7895:10.1093/ehr/cei240 7865:Volume II: 1815–66 7863:(3 vol, 1921–23), 7841:Webster, Charles. 7628:, 1904-6 (5 vols) 7588:47#2 (1997) 37–43. 6948:Temple, Henry John 6875:Palmerston Studies 6542:(1970) pp. 573-74. 6438:. 2003. p. 3. 6229:(2013) pp. 120–69. 6075:(1970) pp. 472-82. 6024:(2010) pp. 402–408 6011:(1970) pp. 433-36. 5648:(1970) pp. 333-58. 5595:(1936) pp. 422-48. 5582:(1970) pp. 343-48. 5569:(1937) pp. 241-49. 5158:(1937) pp. 191-98. 5134:. pp. 89–90. 5048:(2010) pp. 210-11. 4981:(1937) pp. 153-72. 4955:(1970) pp. 122-37. 4881:(2010) pp. 148–54. 4855:(1937) pp. 149-54. 4820:(2010) pp. 143-88. 4715:Ridley, pp. 64–65. 4663:Ridley, pp. 29–30. 4639:Peerage of Ireland 4625:Although peers of 4616:Ridley, pp. 27–28. 4598:Ridley, pp. 24–26. 4589:Ridley, pp. 19–22. 4580:Ridley, pp. 18–19. 4436:Historical Journal 4251: 4239: 4169:Postmaster-General 4026:Lord Palmerston – 4023: 3940:Postmaster-General 3803:Lord Palmerston – 3800: 3731:Horatio Hornblower 3703:American Civil War 3675:American Civil War 3631:are named for him. 3537:Several places in 3492:, and the city of 3488:, in Otago in the 3460: 3410:Schleswig-Holstein 3286:Classiebawn Castle 3274:Baron Mount Temple 3250:Duke of Wellington 3191:Viceroy of Ireland 3073:Duchy of Schleswig 3019:U.S. Supreme Court 2992: 2909:Province of Canada 2874:American Civil War 2862:American Civil War 2840:American Civil War 2776: 2744:Companies Act 1862 2695:The Conservatives 2673:East India Company 2657: 2624:lost their seats. 2594:Harry Smith Parkes 2581: 2536: 2465: 2461:Battle of Inkerman 2451:Lord Dudley Stuart 2438:Straits Convention 2058:Irish independence 2054:self-determination 2029:Great Irish Famine 2000: 1907:in France, and of 1828: 1736:East India Company 1725: 1606:in the mid-1830s. 1587: 1522:Quadruple Alliance 1514:Miguel of Portugal 1446: 1388:Belgian Revolution 1312: 1261:Duke of Wellington 1172: 1166:at the end of the 1033:Classiebawn Castle 981:Viscount Duncannon 929:Peerage of Ireland 921: 867:a general election 787:, defected to the 523:Sir Henry Hardinge 235:The Earl of Derby 137:Palmerston in 1857 12849: 12848: 12843: 12842: 12695:Benjamin Disraeli 12680:The Earl of Derby 12675:Lord John Russell 12559: 12558: 12472:Christine Kinealy 12457:Diarmaid Ferriter 12340:Charles Trevelyan 12315:Robert Gore-Booth 12264:1879 Irish Famine 12204:Absentee landlord 12141: 12140: 11580: 11579: 11228:Sotheron-Estcourt 11021: 11020: 10436: 10435: 10423:Smith of Basildon 9689: 9688: 9031: 9030: 8989: 8827: 8826: 8787:Succeeded by 8760:Succeeded by 8728:Succeeded by 8706:Academic offices 8696:Succeeded by 8677:Succeeded by 8647:Lord John Russell 8608:Lord John Russell 8585:Succeeded by 8569:1835–1865 8537:Succeeded by 8526:1832–1835 8498:1831–1832 8466:Succeeded by 8460:William Cavendish 8431:1811–1831 8400:Succeeded by 8382:1807–1811 8347:Succeeded by 8333:Benjamin Disraeli 8320:Succeeded by 8296:Benjamin Disraeli 8293:Succeeded by 8279:Lord John Russell 8266:Succeeded by 8238:Succeeded by 8211:Succeeded by 8204:Foreign Secretary 8184:Succeeded by 8177:Foreign Secretary 8157:Succeeded by 8150:Foreign Secretary 8129:Succeeded by 7961:Lord, Sudley ed. 7763:(Subscription or 7459:978-0-7195-5452-0 7449:Chambers, James. 7432:Cecil, Algernon. 7351:978-0-300-11898-8 7288:978-0-19-873007-1 7217:Debrett's Peerage 7061:978-1-61886-037-8 6969:City Centre Parks 6965:"Palmerston Park" 6933:978-0-297-85851-5 6183:Guedalla, p. 282. 6085:Victoria (1907). 6037:(1970) pp. 437-53 5931:(16 April 2002). 5284:(1981) pp. 64–79. 4706:(2008) pp. 249–51 4352:. Fourth Series. 4297: 4296: 4079:Lord John Russell 3970:Lord John Russell 3695:alternate history 3667:alternate history 3596:Palmerston Park, 3383:He was an avowed 3370:Winston Churchill 3358:Marquess of Lorne 3335:Lord John Russell 3234:Westminster Abbey 3232:and be buried at 3177:Electoral victory 3109:invaded Schleswig 3077:Duchy of Holstein 3069:Otto von Bismarck 3024:The raiding ship 2891:Britain issued a 2709:St James's Street 2697:lacked a majority 2633:Taiping Rebellion 2606:British factories 2562:Congress of Paris 2520:10 Downing Street 2502:Buckingham Palace 2389:Lord John Russell 2245:civis romanus sum 2156:Benjamin Disraeli 2033:Petty-Fitzmaurice 2005:Treaty of Utrecht 1949:Lord John Russell 1942:Lake of the Woods 1932:and the State of 1924:and the State of 1753:Treaty of Nanjing 1699:Christian Zionist 1660:London Convention 1489:treaty settlement 1428:November Uprising 1394:was the scene of 1368:gunboat diplomacy 1223:William Huskisson 1215:Foreign Secretary 1110:Royal Danish Navy 1031:. He later built 965:Augustus Clifford 935:. His father was 855:Lord John Russell 836:Foreign Secretary 739: 738: 603:Westminster Abbey 562:Henry John Temple 528: 527: 330:Lord John Russell 308:Foreign Secretary 181:The Earl of Derby 93: 92: 85: 65:lead layout guide 16:(Redirected from 13119: 13107:Anti-Americanism 13002:UK MPs 1859–1865 12997:UK MPs 1857–1859 12992:UK MPs 1852–1857 12987:UK MPs 1847–1852 12982:UK MPs 1841–1847 12977:UK MPs 1837–1841 12972:UK MPs 1835–1837 12967:UK MPs 1832–1835 12962:UK MPs 1831–1832 12957:UK MPs 1830–1831 12952:UK MPs 1826–1830 12947:UK MPs 1820–1826 12942:UK MPs 1818–1820 12937:UK MPs 1812–1818 12932:UK MPs 1807–1812 12833: 12832: 12661:Prime ministers 12586: 12579: 12572: 12563: 12562: 12549: 12548: 12370:Paweł Strzelecki 12290:Viscount Halifax 12168: 12161: 12154: 12145: 12144: 11723:Pitt the Younger 11713:Pitt the Younger 11607: 11600: 11593: 11584: 11583: 11575: 11060: 11059: 11048: 11041: 11034: 11025: 11024: 11010: 10998: 10997: 10833: 10475: 10474: 10463: 10456: 10449: 10440: 10439: 9975:Pethick-Lawrence 9731:House of Commons 9716: 9709: 9702: 9693: 9692: 9682: 9678: 9677: 9662: 9655: 9648: 9641: 9634: 9627: 9620: 9613: 9606: 9599: 9592: 9585: 9578: 9571: 9564: 9557: 9550: 9543: 9536: 9529: 9522: 9515: 9508: 9501: 9494: 9487: 9480: 9473: 9466: 9459: 9452: 9445: 9438: 9431: 9424: 9417: 9410: 9403: 9396: 9389: 9382: 9375: 9368: 9361: 9354: 9347: 9340: 9333: 9326: 9319: 9312: 9305: 9298: 9291: 9284: 9277: 9270: 9263: 9256: 9249: 9242: 9235: 9228: 9226:Pitt the Younger 9221: 9214: 9212:Pitt the Younger 9194: 9192:Pitt the Younger 9187: 9180: 9173: 9166: 9159: 9152: 9145: 9138: 9131: 9124: 9117: 9110: 9103: 9096: 9089: 9087:Walpole (Orford) 9058: 9051: 9044: 9035: 9034: 8985: 8925:House of Commons 8895:The Earl Russell 8866: 8859: 8852: 8843: 8842: 8830: 8829: 8804:Preceded by 8770:Preceded by 8743:Preceded by 8738:Honorary titles 8711:Preceded by 8644:Preceded by 8605:Preceded by 8551:Preceded by 8516:New constituency 8483:Charles Tennyson 8480:Preceded by 8438:John Henry Smyth 8412:Preceded by 8388:Arthur Wellesley 8364:Preceded by 8330:Preceded by 8303:Preceded by 8276:Preceded by 8249:Preceded by 8221:Preceded by 8194:Preceded by 8167:Preceded by 8140:Preceded by 8122:Secretary at War 8112:Preceded by 8104: 8103: 8090: 8070: 8065: 8023: 8002: 8000: 7999: 7958: 7956: 7954: 7932: 7915: 7898: 7889:(488): 907–936. 7848:Weigall, David. 7768: 7760: 7758: 7756: 7737: 7721: 7658: 7618: 7616: 7580: 7557: 7524: 7498: 7489: 7446:(Longman, 1980). 7422: 7401: 7363: 7329: 7292: 7280: 7221: 7220: 7213: 7207: 7206: 7186: 7180: 7179: 7159: 7153: 7147: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7122: 7114: 7108: 7107: 7087: 7081: 7080: 7072: 7066: 7065: 7045: 7039: 7038: 7018: 7012: 7011: 6991: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6980: 6975:on 21 April 2012 6961: 6955: 6944: 6938: 6937: 6914: 6908: 6901: 6895: 6884: 6878: 6877:2 (2007): 24-38. 6871: 6865: 6858: 6852: 6847:Martin Gilbert, 6845: 6839: 6838: 6834:Edinburgh Review 6829: 6823: 6820: 6814: 6808: 6802: 6799: 6788: 6781: 6775: 6772: 6766: 6763: 6757: 6752:Algernon Cecil, 6750: 6744: 6738: 6732: 6727:Jonathan Parry, 6725: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6714: 6704: 6698: 6695: 6686: 6664: 6658: 6655: 6646: 6639: 6633: 6630: 6624: 6621: 6615: 6612: 6606: 6605: 6602: 6588: 6582: 6575: 6569: 6562: 6556: 6549: 6543: 6536: 6530: 6527: 6518: 6511: 6505: 6498: 6492: 6489: 6483: 6478:Kenneth Bourne, 6476: 6470: 6467: 6458: 6455: 6449: 6446: 6440: 6439: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6409: 6403: 6402: 6388: 6382: 6381: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6361:9-7808-1317-7151 6342: 6336: 6335: 6307: 6301: 6287: 6281: 6278: 6269: 6266: 6257: 6256: 6236: 6230: 6223: 6217: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6202:Jenkins, Brian. 6199: 6193: 6190: 6184: 6181: 6175: 6165: 6159: 6156: 6150: 6147: 6141: 6138: 6132: 6125: 6119: 6116: 6110: 6109:(2003) 2: p. 998 6103: 6097: 6096: 6082: 6076: 6069: 6063: 6056: 6050: 6047: 6038: 6031: 6025: 6018: 6012: 6005: 5999: 5998: 5988: 5982: 5979: 5973: 5966: 5960: 5959: 5953: 5951: 5925: 5919: 5912: 5906: 5903: 5897: 5894: 5888: 5885: 5879: 5876: 5870: 5867: 5858: 5855: 5846: 5843: 5837: 5836: 5816: 5810: 5807: 5801: 5798: 5792: 5789: 5783: 5780: 5774: 5768: 5757: 5756: 5728: 5722: 5719: 5713: 5710: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5699: 5682: 5676: 5675: 5655: 5649: 5642: 5636: 5635: 5615: 5609: 5602: 5596: 5589: 5583: 5576: 5570: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5520: 5492: 5486: 5485: 5474: 5468: 5461: 5455: 5448: 5442: 5441: 5431: 5425: 5418: 5412: 5405: 5399: 5392: 5386: 5385: 5377: 5371: 5364: 5358: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5308: 5302: 5291: 5285: 5278: 5272: 5269:Victorian Review 5265: 5259: 5256: 5250: 5243: 5237: 5236: 5216: 5210: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5178: 5172: 5165: 5159: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5094: 5088: 5087: 5073: 5067: 5064: 5058: 5055: 5049: 5042: 5036: 5030: 5003: 5002: 4988: 4982: 4975: 4969: 4962: 4956: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4930: 4924: 4917: 4911: 4904: 4895: 4888: 4882: 4875: 4869: 4862: 4856: 4849: 4843: 4842:Halevy, pp. 20-1 4840: 4834: 4827: 4821: 4814: 4808: 4801: 4795: 4788: 4782: 4779: 4773: 4770: 4764: 4761: 4755: 4747: 4741: 4735: 4716: 4713: 4707: 4700: 4694: 4683: 4677: 4676:(1852), pp. 1–3. 4670: 4664: 4661: 4655: 4648: 4642: 4623: 4617: 4614: 4608: 4605: 4599: 4596: 4590: 4587: 4581: 4578: 4572: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4551: 4545: 4542: 4536: 4525: 4514: 4511: 4505: 4502: 4496: 4493: 4484: 4477: 4471: 4470:(1970), pp. 7–9. 4464: 4458: 4457: 4445: 4439: 4432: 4426: 4425: 4405: 4399: 4392: 4386: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4347: 4339: 4264: 4263: 4258: 4242: 4238: 4004:February 1858 – 3988:Henry Labouchere 3986:November 1855 – 3753:Homer at the Bat 3533:Palmerston Forts 3515:Palmerston Atoll 3494:Palmerston North 3472:Frontenac County 3439:Anthony Trollope 3367: 3356:In contrast the 3095:who married the 3000:commerce raiders 2977:Eastern Question 2975:and the growing 2963:After President 2701:general election 2649:Treaty of France 2629:Second Opium War 2322:Northern England 2314:House of Commons 2298:Earl of Aberdeen 2119:Habsburg dynasty 1695:Lord Shaftesbury 1564:(Lord Dalling): 1546:Eastern question 1341: 1290:Great Reform Act 1203:Lord Castlereagh 1184:Secretary at War 1176:Spencer Perceval 1134:Treaty of Tilsit 1124:was neutral but 1088:Duke of Portland 1023:in the north of 977:Viscount Althorp 948:in the north of 939:(1739–1802), an 886:balance of power 820:Secretary at War 812:House of Commons 770: 765: 758: 751: 714: 660: 658: 654: 588: 571: 569: 553:Personal details 519: 507: 481:Spencer Perceval 474: 465: 455:Secretary at War 446: 436: 415: 406: 394: 382: 370: 361: 347: 337: 327: 318: 297: 285: 275: 266: 241: 240: 232: 220: 203: 193:The Earl Russell 189: 177: 158: 135: 125: 97: 96: 88: 81: 77: 74: 68: 61:improve the lead 45: 44: 37: 21: 13127: 13126: 13122: 13121: 13120: 13118: 13117: 13116: 12852: 12851: 12850: 12845: 12844: 12839: 12816: 12726: 12670:Sir Robert Peel 12613: 12609:Edwardian era → 12595: 12590: 12560: 12555: 12537: 12476: 12415: 12384: 12365:John Abel Smith 12268: 12177: 12172: 12142: 12137: 11616: 11611: 11581: 11576: 11567: 11064: 11054: 11052: 11022: 11017: 10985: 10953: 10947: 10840: 10834: 10825: 10479: 10469: 10467: 10437: 10432: 10203:Derby (Stanley) 10129: 9725: 9720: 9690: 9685: 9673: 9665: 9658: 9651: 9644: 9637: 9630: 9623: 9616: 9609: 9602: 9595: 9588: 9581: 9574: 9567: 9560: 9553: 9546: 9539: 9532: 9525: 9518: 9511: 9504: 9497: 9490: 9483: 9476: 9469: 9462: 9455: 9448: 9441: 9434: 9427: 9420: 9413: 9406: 9399: 9392: 9385: 9378: 9371: 9364: 9357: 9350: 9343: 9336: 9329: 9322: 9315: 9308: 9301: 9294: 9287: 9280: 9273: 9266: 9259: 9252: 9245: 9238: 9231: 9224: 9217: 9210: 9197: 9190: 9183: 9176: 9169: 9162: 9155: 9148: 9141: 9134: 9127: 9120: 9113: 9106: 9099: 9092: 9085: 9072: 9062: 9032: 9027: 8987:(Acting Leader) 8963: 8919: 8875: 8870: 8835: 8817: 8809: 8792: 8783: 8775: 8765: 8756: 8748: 8733: 8724: 8716: 8701: 8692: 8682: 8673: 8657: 8649: 8618: 8610: 8595: 8591: 8577: 8570: 8568: 8560: 8556: 8546: 8542: 8532:George Staunton 8527: 8525: 8499: 8497: 8489: 8485: 8475: 8471: 8458: 8452: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8432: 8430: 8422: 8417: 8407: 8403: 8391: 8383: 8381: 8373: 8369: 8352: 8343: 8335: 8325: 8316: 8308: 8298: 8289: 8281: 8271: 8262: 8254: 8244: 8234: 8226: 8216: 8207: 8199: 8189: 8180: 8172: 8162: 8153: 8145: 8135: 8125: 8117: 8102: 8056: 8030: 8012:, ed. (1911). " 7997: 7995: 7992: 7952: 7950: 7937:Philip Guedalla 7906: 7904:Primary sources 7901: 7855:Ward, A.W. and 7762: 7754: 7752: 7655:Lord Palmerston 7624:Paul, Herbert. 7508:(1968): 23–41. 7352: 7289: 7236:Lord Palmerston 7230: 7225: 7224: 7215: 7214: 7210: 7203: 7187: 7183: 7176: 7160: 7156: 7148: 7144: 7134: 7132: 7115: 7111: 7104: 7088: 7084: 7073: 7069: 7062: 7046: 7042: 7035: 7019: 7015: 7008: 6992: 6988: 6978: 6976: 6963: 6962: 6958: 6945: 6941: 6934: 6915: 6911: 6902: 6898: 6885: 6881: 6872: 6868: 6860:W. K. Hancock, 6859: 6855: 6846: 6842: 6831: 6830: 6826: 6822:Ridley, p. 591. 6821: 6817: 6809: 6805: 6801:Ridley, p. 589. 6800: 6791: 6782: 6778: 6774:Ridley, p. 588. 6773: 6769: 6765:Ridley, p. 587. 6764: 6760: 6751: 6747: 6739: 6735: 6726: 6722: 6712: 6710: 6706: 6705: 6701: 6697:Ridley, p. 584. 6696: 6689: 6665: 6661: 6657:Ridley, p. 583. 6656: 6649: 6640: 6636: 6632:Ridley, p. 582. 6631: 6627: 6623:Ridley, p. 581. 6622: 6618: 6614:Ridley, p. 579. 6613: 6609: 6596: 6589: 6585: 6579:Lord Palmerston 6576: 6572: 6563: 6559: 6553:Lord Palmerston 6550: 6546: 6540:Lord Palmerston 6537: 6533: 6529:Ridley, p. 572. 6528: 6521: 6512: 6508: 6502:Lord Palmerston 6499: 6495: 6491:Bourne, p. 373. 6490: 6486: 6477: 6473: 6469:Ridley, p. 571. 6468: 6461: 6456: 6452: 6447: 6443: 6430: 6429: 6425: 6410: 6406: 6398:The Independent 6389: 6385: 6374: 6373: 6369: 6362: 6344: 6343: 6339: 6308: 6304: 6288: 6284: 6280:Ridley, p. 554. 6279: 6272: 6268:Ridley, p. 559. 6267: 6260: 6253: 6237: 6233: 6224: 6220: 6216:Ridley, p. 552. 6215: 6211: 6200: 6196: 6192:Ridley, p. 564. 6191: 6187: 6182: 6178: 6168:Philip Guedalla 6166: 6162: 6158:Ridley, p. 566. 6157: 6153: 6149:Ridley, p. 563. 6148: 6144: 6140:Ridley, p. 565. 6139: 6135: 6126: 6122: 6118:Ridley, p. 506. 6117: 6113: 6104: 6100: 6083: 6079: 6073:Lord Palmerston 6070: 6066: 6057: 6053: 6049:Ridley, p. 467. 6048: 6041: 6035:Lord Palmerston 6032: 6028: 6020:Orlando Figes, 6019: 6015: 6009:Lord Palmerston 6006: 6002: 5989: 5985: 5981:Ridley, p. 419. 5980: 5976: 5970:Lord Palmerston 5967: 5963: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5926: 5922: 5916:Lord Palmerston 5913: 5909: 5905:Ridley, p. 410. 5904: 5900: 5895: 5891: 5886: 5882: 5878:Ridley, p. 408. 5877: 5873: 5869:Ridley, p. 407. 5868: 5861: 5857:Ridley, p. 414. 5856: 5849: 5844: 5840: 5817: 5813: 5808: 5804: 5800:Ridley, p. 398. 5799: 5795: 5790: 5786: 5781: 5777: 5769: 5760: 5729: 5725: 5720: 5716: 5711: 5707: 5697: 5695: 5684: 5683: 5679: 5672: 5656: 5652: 5646:Lord Palmerston 5643: 5639: 5632: 5616: 5612: 5606:Lord Palmerston 5603: 5599: 5590: 5586: 5580:Lord Palmerston 5577: 5573: 5564: 5560: 5555:. 30 June 2016. 5553:The Irish Times 5547: 5546: 5542: 5493: 5489: 5482:The Irish Times 5476: 5475: 5471: 5462: 5458: 5449: 5445: 5432: 5428: 5419: 5415: 5407:Robert Remini, 5406: 5402: 5393: 5389: 5378: 5374: 5365: 5361: 5344: 5340: 5309: 5305: 5292: 5288: 5279: 5275: 5266: 5262: 5257: 5253: 5247:Lord Palmerston 5245:Jasper Ridley, 5244: 5240: 5233: 5217: 5213: 5204: 5200: 5193: 5179: 5175: 5169:Lord Palmerston 5166: 5162: 5153: 5149: 5142: 5124: 5120: 5113: 5105:. p. 240. 5095: 5091: 5074: 5070: 5065: 5061: 5056: 5052: 5043: 5039: 5031: 5006: 4989: 4985: 4976: 4972: 4963: 4959: 4953:Lord Palmerston 4950: 4946: 4931: 4927: 4919:G M Trevelyan, 4918: 4914: 4905: 4898: 4889: 4885: 4876: 4872: 4863: 4859: 4850: 4846: 4841: 4837: 4828: 4824: 4815: 4811: 4803:G M Trevelyan, 4802: 4798: 4789: 4785: 4780: 4776: 4771: 4767: 4762: 4758: 4748: 4744: 4736: 4719: 4714: 4710: 4701: 4697: 4684: 4680: 4671: 4667: 4662: 4658: 4649: 4645: 4624: 4620: 4615: 4611: 4606: 4602: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4575: 4570: 4566: 4552: 4548: 4543: 4539: 4527:David Steele, ‘ 4526: 4517: 4512: 4508: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4487: 4481:Lord Palmerston 4478: 4474: 4468:Lord Palmerston 4466:Jasper Ridley, 4465: 4461: 4450:The Genealogist 4446: 4442: 4433: 4429: 4422: 4406: 4402: 4393: 4389: 4380: 4376: 4366: 4364: 4345: 4341: 4340: 4336: 4331: 4302: 4265: 4261: 4259: 4237: 4229:Lord Chancellor 4177: 4134:Edward Cardwell 4064:Lord Privy Seal 4041:Lord Chancellor 4015: 3957: 3840:Lord Privy Seal 3818:Lord Chancellor 3792: 3701:, depicting an 3673:, depicting an 3641: 3585:Tiverton, Devon 3552:, London, SW14. 3476:North Frontenac 3447: 3422:was written by 3397:A. J. P. Taylor 3365: 3328:Reform Act 1832 3294: 3280:in the west of 3213: 3179: 3097:Prince of Wales 3081:King of Denmark 3067:Prime Minister 3061: 3017:in 1869 by the 3009:neutral country 2988:Carte de visite 2965:Abraham Lincoln 2870: 2864: 2836: 2825:to protect the 2791: 2752: 2732: 2726: 2693: 2641: 2586: 2528: 2516: 2510: 2463:, November 1854 2397: 2356: 2334: 2290: 2254: 2234:to that of the 2195: 2189: 2140: 2128:French republic 2117:, ruled by the 2115:Austrian Empire 2103: 2070: 2045: 2017: 1983: 1977: 1969: 1901:François Guizot 1893: 1856:Cambridge House 1812: 1749:First Opium War 1713: 1707: 1644:Battle of Nezib 1616:Peter the Great 1542: 1502: 1458:Napoleonic Wars 1451: 1410:on the throne. 1408:infant princess 1376: 1363: 1342: 1335: 1298: 1168:Napoleonic Wars 1156: 1084:Lord Malmesbury 1080:Lord Chichester 1061: 1053:French invasion 1027:in the west of 975:to Palmerston, 910: 773:Lord Palmerston 763: 756: 749: 745: 731: 702: 679: 662: 650: 646: 633: 609:Political party 590: 586: 585:18 October 1865 573: 572:20 October 1784 567: 565: 564: 563: 517: 505: 500: 472: 466: 461: 444: 434: 429: 413: 407: 402: 392: 380: 368: 362: 357: 345: 335: 325: 319: 314: 301:Sir George Grey 295: 283: 273: 267: 262: 246: 230: 218: 204: 199: 187: 175: 159: 154: 138: 126: 109: 107: 104: 89: 78: 72: 69: 58: 46: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Lord Palmerston 15: 12: 11: 5: 13125: 13115: 13114: 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13024: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12914: 12909: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12847: 12846: 12841: 12840: 12838: 12837: 12827: 12821: 12818: 12817: 12815: 12814: 12813: 12812: 12807: 12806: 12805: 12795: 12790: 12785: 12780: 12775: 12770: 12765: 12760: 12750: 12745: 12740: 12734: 12732: 12728: 12727: 12725: 12724: 12719: 12717:Queen Victoria 12714: 12713: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12659: 12654: 12653: 12652: 12647: 12642: 12634: 12632:British empire 12629: 12623: 12621: 12615: 12614: 12612: 12611: 12606: 12604:← Georgian era 12600: 12597: 12596: 12589: 12588: 12581: 12574: 12566: 12557: 12556: 12554: 12553: 12542: 12539: 12538: 12536: 12535: 12530: 12525: 12520: 12515: 12510: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12484: 12482: 12478: 12477: 12475: 12474: 12469: 12467:Tim Pat Coogan 12464: 12459: 12454: 12452:Cormac Ó Gráda 12449: 12444: 12439: 12437:F. S. L. Lyons 12434: 12429: 12423: 12421: 12417: 12416: 12414: 12413: 12408: 12403: 12398: 12392: 12390: 12386: 12385: 12383: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12280:Queen Victoria 12276: 12274: 12270: 12269: 12267: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12246: 12241: 12236: 12234:Irish diaspora 12231: 12226: 12221: 12216: 12211: 12206: 12201: 12196: 12191: 12185: 12183: 12179: 12178: 12171: 12170: 12163: 12156: 12148: 12139: 12138: 12136: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12055: 12050: 12045: 12040: 12035: 12030: 12025: 12020: 12015: 12010: 12008:St John-Stevas 12005: 12000: 11995: 11990: 11985: 11980: 11975: 11970: 11965: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11935: 11930: 11925: 11920: 11918:N. Chamberlain 11915: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11883:A. Chamberlain 11880: 11875: 11870: 11865: 11860: 11855: 11850: 11845: 11840: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11750: 11745: 11740: 11735: 11730: 11725: 11720: 11715: 11710: 11699: 11694: 11689: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11664: 11662:Pitt the Elder 11659: 11652: 11650:Pitt the Elder 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11621: 11618: 11617: 11610: 11609: 11602: 11595: 11587: 11578: 11577: 11570: 11568: 11566: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11465: 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11330: 11325: 11320: 11315: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11295: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11153:Sturges Bourne 11150: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11069: 11066: 11065: 11051: 11050: 11043: 11036: 11028: 11019: 11018: 11016: 11015: 11003: 10990: 10987: 10986: 10984: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10957: 10955: 10949: 10948: 10946: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10844: 10842: 10836: 10835: 10828: 10826: 10824: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10487: 10485: 10481: 10480: 10466: 10465: 10458: 10451: 10443: 10434: 10433: 10431: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10315: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10139: 10137: 10135:House of Lords 10131: 10130: 10128: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9735: 9733: 9727: 9726: 9719: 9718: 9711: 9704: 9696: 9687: 9686: 9684: 9683: 9670: 9667: 9666: 9664: 9663: 9656: 9649: 9642: 9635: 9628: 9621: 9614: 9607: 9600: 9593: 9586: 9579: 9572: 9565: 9558: 9551: 9544: 9537: 9530: 9523: 9516: 9509: 9502: 9495: 9488: 9481: 9474: 9467: 9460: 9453: 9446: 9439: 9432: 9425: 9418: 9411: 9404: 9397: 9390: 9383: 9376: 9369: 9362: 9355: 9348: 9341: 9334: 9327: 9320: 9313: 9306: 9299: 9292: 9285: 9278: 9271: 9264: 9257: 9250: 9243: 9236: 9233:Lord Grenville 9229: 9222: 9215: 9207: 9205: 9203:United Kingdom 9199: 9198: 9196: 9195: 9188: 9181: 9174: 9167: 9160: 9153: 9146: 9139: 9132: 9125: 9118: 9111: 9104: 9097: 9090: 9082: 9080: 9074: 9073: 9061: 9060: 9053: 9046: 9038: 9029: 9028: 9026: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9008:Clement Davies 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8980: 8974: 8972: 8969:Overall Leader 8965: 8964: 8962: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8930: 8928: 8921: 8920: 8918: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8886: 8884: 8881:House of Lords 8877: 8876: 8869: 8868: 8861: 8854: 8846: 8840: 8837: 8836: 8825: 8824: 8819: 8810: 8805: 8801: 8800: 8794: 8793: 8788: 8785: 8776: 8771: 8767: 8766: 8761: 8758: 8749: 8744: 8740: 8739: 8735: 8734: 8729: 8726: 8717: 8712: 8708: 8707: 8703: 8702: 8697: 8694: 8684: 8683: 8678: 8675: 8666: 8660: 8659: 8650: 8645: 8641: 8640: 8620: 8611: 8606: 8602: 8601: 8597: 8596: 8586: 8583: 8574:John Heathcoat 8561: 8554:John Heathcoat 8552: 8548: 8547: 8538: 8535: 8518: 8512: 8511: 8506: 8490: 8481: 8477: 8476: 8469:Henry Goulburn 8467: 8464: 8423: 8415:Earl of Euston 8413: 8409: 8408: 8405:Cecil Bisshopp 8401: 8398: 8374: 8365: 8361: 8360: 8354: 8353: 8348: 8345: 8336: 8331: 8327: 8326: 8321: 8318: 8309: 8304: 8300: 8299: 8294: 8291: 8282: 8277: 8273: 8272: 8267: 8264: 8255: 8250: 8246: 8245: 8239: 8236: 8231:Home Secretary 8227: 8222: 8218: 8217: 8212: 8209: 8200: 8195: 8191: 8190: 8185: 8182: 8173: 8168: 8164: 8163: 8158: 8155: 8146: 8141: 8137: 8136: 8133:Henry Hardinge 8130: 8127: 8118: 8113: 8109: 8108: 8101: 8098: 8097: 8096: 8091: 8077: 8071: 8054: 8048: 8042: 8029: 8028:External links 8026: 8025: 8024: 8010:Chisholm, Hugh 7991: 7988: 7987: 7986: 7976: 7969: 7959: 7949:on 25 May 2019 7939:, ed. (1928). 7933: 7924: 7917: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7899: 7874: 7867: 7853: 7846: 7839: 7825: 7811: 7797: 7783: 7776: 7769: 7729: 7722: 7713: 7703: 7702: 7701: 7677: 7663: 7650: 7640: 7633: 7622: 7606: 7596: 7591:Leonard, Dick 7589: 7582: 7572: 7558: 7549: 7535: 7528: 7516: 7502: 7490: 7461: 7447: 7440: 7430: 7423: 7413:(3): 333–358. 7402: 7385: 7377: 7376: 7368:Brown, David. 7365: 7364: 7350: 7337: 7330: 7310:10.1086/238848 7304:(3): 287–291. 7293: 7287: 7270: 7260: 7246: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7208: 7201: 7181: 7174: 7154: 7142: 7109: 7102: 7082: 7067: 7060: 7051:Flying Colours 7040: 7033: 7013: 7006: 6986: 6956: 6939: 6932: 6909: 6896: 6879: 6866: 6853: 6840: 6824: 6815: 6803: 6789: 6783:David Steele, 6776: 6767: 6758: 6745: 6733: 6731:(1993) p. 194. 6720: 6699: 6687: 6659: 6647: 6634: 6625: 6616: 6607: 6583: 6570: 6557: 6555:(1970) p. 574. 6544: 6531: 6519: 6506: 6493: 6484: 6482:(1970) p. 108. 6471: 6459: 6450: 6441: 6423: 6404: 6383: 6367: 6360: 6337: 6318:(3): 287–310. 6302: 6282: 6270: 6258: 6252:978-0547225647 6251: 6231: 6218: 6209: 6194: 6185: 6176: 6160: 6151: 6142: 6133: 6120: 6111: 6098: 6077: 6064: 6051: 6039: 6026: 6013: 6000: 5983: 5974: 5961: 5943: 5920: 5907: 5898: 5889: 5880: 5871: 5859: 5847: 5838: 5827:(3): 333–358. 5811: 5802: 5793: 5784: 5775: 5773:, p. 648. 5758: 5739:(3): 515–540. 5723: 5714: 5705: 5694:. 1 March 1848 5677: 5670: 5650: 5637: 5630: 5610: 5608:(1970) p. 355. 5597: 5584: 5571: 5558: 5540: 5503:(2): 441–469. 5487: 5469: 5456: 5443: 5440:. p. 648. 5426: 5420:David Brown., 5413: 5409:Daniel Webster 5400: 5398:(2008) p. 263. 5394:Gillian Gill, 5387: 5372: 5359: 5345:K D Reynolds, 5338: 5319:(281): 41–61. 5303: 5286: 5273: 5260: 5251: 5249:(1970) p. 249. 5238: 5231: 5211: 5198: 5191: 5173: 5160: 5154:Seton-Watson, 5147: 5140: 5118: 5111: 5089: 5068: 5059: 5050: 5037: 5035:, p. 647. 5004: 4983: 4970: 4957: 4944: 4925: 4912: 4896: 4883: 4870: 4857: 4844: 4835: 4822: 4809: 4796: 4783: 4774: 4772:Ridley, p. 98. 4765: 4756: 4742: 4740:, p. 646. 4717: 4708: 4702:Dick Leonard, 4695: 4693:, 1979. p. 97. 4689:. London: The 4678: 4665: 4656: 4643: 4635:United Kingdom 4618: 4609: 4607:Ridley, p. 27. 4600: 4591: 4582: 4573: 4571:Ridley, p. 18. 4564: 4546: 4544:Ridley, p. 15. 4537: 4515: 4513:Ridley, p. 14. 4506: 4504:Ridley, p. 12. 4497: 4495:Ridley, p. 10. 4485: 4472: 4459: 4440: 4427: 4421:978-1409479840 4420: 4400: 4398:(1975) p. 108. 4387: 4385:(2010) p. 473. 4374: 4343:"INTRODUCTION" 4333: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4326: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4314: 4313: 4301: 4298: 4295: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4271: 4266: 4253: 4252: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4231: 4221: 4214: 4207: 4203: 4196: 4189: 4176: 4173: 4172: 4171: 4162: 4153: 4151:Poor Law Board 4140: 4131: 4122: 4113: 4103: 4097:Sidney Herbert 4094: 4085: 4076: 4066: 4056: 4043: 4034: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4009: 4002: 3995: 3991: 3984: 3977: 3956: 3953: 3952: 3951: 3942: 3933: 3924: 3915: 3906: 3896: 3887: 3878: 3869: 3863:Sidney Herbert 3860: 3851: 3842: 3833: 3820: 3811: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3786: 3774: 3768: 3765:Pitt the Elder 3744: 3741:Oregon Country 3734: 3722:Flying Colours 3718: 3699:Harry Harrison 3686: 3658: 3640: 3637: 3636: 3635: 3632: 3622: 3615: 3608: 3601: 3594: 3588: 3581: 3578:Dartmouth Park 3574: 3567: 3560: 3553: 3546: 3535: 3530: 3518: 3512: 3501: 3484:, the town of 3478: 3468: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3443: 3406: 3405: 3319: 3318: 3310: 3309: 3293: 3290: 3212: 3209: 3195:Lord Wodehouse 3178: 3175: 3117:Austria's navy 3060: 3057: 3014:Texas v. White 2905:William Seward 2866:Main article: 2863: 2860: 2835: 2832: 2790: 2787: 2751: 2750:Foreign policy 2748: 2725: 2722: 2717:Lord Granville 2705:Willis's Rooms 2692: 2689: 2669:Colin Campbell 2640: 2637: 2627:In China, the 2610:Richard Cobden 2585: 2582: 2540:St. Petersburg 2527: 2524: 2509: 2506: 2497:Lord Lansdowne 2493:Lord Clarendon 2396: 2393: 2364:transportation 2355: 2352: 2333: 2330: 2318:Home Secretary 2289: 2286: 2262:Louis Napoleon 2253: 2250: 2232:British Empire 2219:House of Lords 2191:Main article: 2188: 2185: 2180: 2179: 2175: 2172: 2149:Prince Consort 2145:Foreign Office 2139: 2136: 2102: 2099: 2069: 2066: 2044: 2041: 2016: 2013: 1996:John Partridge 1979:Main article: 1976: 1973: 1968: 1965: 1905:Adolphe Thiers 1892: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1811: 1808: 1786:nonconformists 1784:and religious 1778: 1777: 1706: 1703: 1697:, a prominent 1691:Board of Trade 1676:Lord Melbourne 1652:Lord Granville 1596:David Urquhart 1558:Ottoman Empire 1541: 1538: 1530:Louis Philippe 1501: 1498: 1471:Charles Rogier 1450: 1447: 1416:Russian Empire 1375: 1374:Crises of 1830 1372: 1362: 1359: 1355:new government 1347:Lord Lansdowne 1333: 1309:Thomas Woolner 1297: 1294: 1277:the government 1273:Earl of Dudley 1211:George Canning 1207:Lord Liverpool 1164:British Empire 1155: 1152: 1099:pocket borough 1060: 1057: 1021:country estate 997:Dugald Stewart 946:country estate 909: 906: 902:Ottoman Empire 878:Queen Victoria 859:home secretary 853:insisted that 828:George Canning 826:in 1827, when 808:House of Lords 737: 736: 733: 732: 730: 729: 726: 722: 720: 716: 715: 708: 704: 703: 701: 700: 695: 689: 687: 681: 680: 678: 677: 670: 668: 664: 663: 648: 642: 641: 639: 635: 634: 632: 631: 625: 619: 612: 610: 606: 605: 600: 596: 595: 589:(aged 80) 583: 579: 578: 561: 559: 555: 554: 550: 549: 546: 545: 542: 541: 538: 537: 534: 533: 530: 529: 526: 525: 520: 514: 513: 508: 502: 501: 499: 498: 493: 491:George Canning 488: 483: 477: 475: 473:Prime Minister 469: 468: 458: 457: 451: 450: 447: 441: 440: 437: 431: 430: 428: 427: 424: 418: 416: 414:Prime Minister 410: 409: 399: 398: 395: 389: 388: 383: 377: 376: 371: 369:Prime Minister 365: 364: 354: 353: 348: 342: 341: 338: 332: 331: 328: 326:Prime Minister 322: 321: 311: 310: 304: 303: 298: 292: 291: 286: 280: 279: 276: 274:Prime Minister 270: 269: 259: 258: 256:Home Secretary 252: 251: 248: 247: 244: 237: 236: 233: 227: 226: 221: 215: 214: 211: 207: 206: 196: 195: 190: 184: 183: 178: 172: 171: 166: 162: 161: 151: 150: 144: 143: 140: 139: 136: 128: 127: 108: 105: 100: 91: 90: 50:The article's 49: 47: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13124: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12862:Victorian era 12860: 12859: 12857: 12836: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12822: 12819: 12811: 12808: 12804: 12801: 12800: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12755: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12735: 12733: 12729: 12723: 12720: 12718: 12715: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12662: 12660: 12658: 12657:Pax Britannia 12655: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12641: 12638: 12637: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12625: 12624: 12622: 12620: 12616: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12601: 12598: 12594: 12593:Victorian era 12587: 12582: 12580: 12575: 12573: 12568: 12567: 12564: 12552: 12544: 12543: 12540: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12523:Malthusianism 12521: 12519: 12518:Food security 12516: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12503:Laissez-faire 12501: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12485: 12483: 12479: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12424: 12422: 12418: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12393: 12391: 12387: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12295:Earl of Lucan 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12277: 12275: 12271: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 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11856: 11854: 11851: 11849: 11846: 11844: 11841: 11839: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11806: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11756: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11739: 11736: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11708: 11704: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11657: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11622: 11619: 11615: 11608: 11603: 11601: 11596: 11594: 11589: 11588: 11585: 11574: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11353:Joynson-Hicks 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11303:Akers-Douglas 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11070: 11067: 11063: 11058: 11049: 11044: 11042: 11037: 11035: 11030: 11029: 11026: 11014: 11013: 11009: 11004: 11002: 11001: 10992: 10991: 10988: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10958: 10956: 10950: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10845: 10843: 10837: 10832: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10806:Gordon Walker 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 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H. Asquith 8976: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8966: 8960: 8959:H. H. Asquith 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8922: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8878: 8874: 8867: 8862: 8860: 8855: 8853: 8848: 8847: 8844: 8838: 8831: 8823: 8820: 8816: 8815: 8808: 8802: 8799: 8795: 8791: 8782: 8781: 8774: 8768: 8764: 8755: 8754: 8747: 8741: 8736: 8732: 8723: 8722: 8715: 8709: 8704: 8700: 8691: 8690: 8685: 8681: 8672: 8671: 8665: 8661: 8656: 8655: 8648: 8642: 8639: 8638: 8634: 8630: 8626: 8617: 8616: 8609: 8603: 8598: 8594: 8593:George Denman 8590: 8582: 8580: 8579:George Denman 8575: 8567: 8566: 8559: 8558:James Kennedy 8555: 8549: 8545: 8541: 8534: 8533: 8524: 8523: 8517: 8513: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8504: 8496: 8495: 8488: 8487:John Ponsonby 8484: 8478: 8474: 8470: 8463: 8461: 8456: 8450: 8444: 8439: 8429: 8428: 8421: 8416: 8410: 8406: 8397: 8395: 8389: 8380: 8379: 8372: 8368: 8362: 8359: 8355: 8351: 8342: 8341: 8334: 8328: 8324: 8315: 8314: 8307: 8301: 8297: 8288: 8287: 8280: 8274: 8270: 8261: 8260: 8253: 8247: 8243: 8233: 8232: 8225: 8219: 8215: 8206: 8205: 8198: 8192: 8188: 8179: 8178: 8171: 8165: 8161: 8152: 8151: 8144: 8138: 8134: 8124: 8123: 8116: 8110: 8105: 8095: 8092: 8089: 8085: 8081: 8078: 8075: 8072: 8069: 8063: 8059: 8055: 8052: 8049: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8037: 8036: 8032: 8031: 8021: 8020: 8015: 8011: 8006: 8005:public domain 7994: 7993: 7990:Other sources 7985: 7981: 7977: 7974: 7970: 7968: 7964: 7960: 7948: 7944: 7943: 7938: 7934: 7930: 7925: 7922: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7907: 7896: 7892: 7888: 7884: 7880: 7875: 7872: 7868: 7866: 7862: 7858: 7854: 7851: 7847: 7844: 7840: 7838: 7834: 7830: 7826: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7810: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7796: 7792: 7788: 7784: 7781: 7780:History Today 7777: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7742: 7736: 7730: 7727: 7724:Steele, E.D. 7723: 7719: 7714: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7688: 7687: 7686: 7682: 7678: 7676: 7672: 7668: 7664: 7662: 7656: 7651: 7649: 7645: 7641: 7638: 7635:Judd, Denis. 7634: 7631: 7627: 7623: 7621: 7615: 7614: 7607: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7594: 7590: 7587: 7586:History Today 7583: 7578: 7573: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7550: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7536: 7533: 7532:History Today 7529: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7515: 7511: 7507: 7503: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7466:Media History 7462: 7460: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7445: 7441: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7416: 7412: 7408: 7403: 7399: 7395: 7391: 7386: 7383: 7379: 7378: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7366: 7361: 7357: 7353: 7347: 7343: 7338: 7335: 7331: 7327: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7294: 7290: 7284: 7279: 7278: 7271: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7245: 7241: 7238:(2 vol 1936) 7237: 7234:Bell, H.C.F. 7233: 7232: 7218: 7212: 7204: 7202:9781134240357 7198: 7194: 7193: 7185: 7177: 7175:9781134240357 7171: 7167: 7166: 7158: 7152: 7146: 7130: 7126: 7121: 7113: 7105: 7103:9780307366092 7099: 7095: 7094: 7086: 7078: 7071: 7063: 7057: 7053: 7052: 7044: 7036: 7034:9781317383239 7030: 7026: 7025: 7017: 7009: 7007:9781573560665 7003: 6999: 6998: 6990: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6960: 6953: 6949: 6943: 6935: 6929: 6925: 6924: 6919: 6918:Hurd, Douglas 6913: 6906: 6905:History Today 6900: 6893: 6889: 6883: 6876: 6870: 6863: 6857: 6850: 6844: 6836: 6835: 6828: 6819: 6812: 6807: 6798: 6796: 6794: 6786: 6780: 6771: 6762: 6756:(1927) p. 139 6755: 6749: 6743: 6737: 6730: 6724: 6709: 6703: 6694: 6692: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6667:Stanley, A.P. 6663: 6654: 6652: 6645:(2004) p. 256 6644: 6638: 6629: 6620: 6611: 6603: 6600: 6595: 6587: 6580: 6574: 6567: 6561: 6554: 6548: 6541: 6535: 6526: 6524: 6516: 6515:History Today 6510: 6503: 6497: 6488: 6481: 6475: 6466: 6464: 6454: 6445: 6437: 6433: 6427: 6419: 6415: 6408: 6400: 6399: 6394: 6387: 6379: 6378: 6371: 6363: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6348: 6341: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6306: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6286: 6277: 6275: 6265: 6263: 6254: 6248: 6244: 6243: 6235: 6228: 6222: 6213: 6205: 6198: 6189: 6180: 6173: 6169: 6164: 6155: 6146: 6137: 6131:(2006). p. 42 6130: 6124: 6115: 6108: 6102: 6094: 6090: 6089: 6081: 6074: 6068: 6061: 6055: 6046: 6044: 6036: 6030: 6023: 6017: 6010: 6004: 5996: 5995: 5987: 5978: 5971: 5965: 5958: 5946: 5944:9780810866133 5940: 5936: 5935: 5930: 5924: 5917: 5911: 5902: 5893: 5884: 5875: 5866: 5864: 5854: 5852: 5842: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5815: 5806: 5797: 5788: 5779: 5772: 5771:Chisholm 1911 5767: 5765: 5763: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5727: 5718: 5709: 5693: 5692: 5687: 5681: 5673: 5671:9780191606823 5667: 5663: 5662: 5654: 5647: 5641: 5633: 5631:9780857736512 5627: 5623: 5622: 5614: 5607: 5601: 5594: 5588: 5581: 5575: 5568: 5562: 5554: 5550: 5544: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5491: 5483: 5479: 5473: 5466: 5460: 5453: 5447: 5439: 5438: 5430: 5423: 5417: 5410: 5404: 5397: 5391: 5383: 5376: 5369: 5366:David Brown, 5363: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5342: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5307: 5300: 5296: 5295:Media History 5290: 5283: 5277: 5270: 5264: 5255: 5248: 5242: 5234: 5232:9780754607045 5228: 5224: 5223: 5215: 5208: 5202: 5194: 5192:9781107631960 5188: 5184: 5177: 5170: 5164: 5157: 5151: 5143: 5141:9780367133269 5137: 5133: 5129: 5122: 5114: 5112:9780521289689 5108: 5104: 5100: 5093: 5085: 5081: 5080: 5072: 5063: 5054: 5047: 5041: 5034: 5033:Chisholm 1911 5029: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5000: 4996: 4995: 4987: 4980: 4974: 4967: 4961: 4954: 4948: 4941:(3): 418–428. 4940: 4936: 4929: 4922: 4916: 4909: 4903: 4901: 4893: 4887: 4880: 4877:David Brown, 4874: 4867: 4861: 4854: 4848: 4839: 4832: 4831:History Today 4826: 4819: 4813: 4806: 4800: 4793: 4787: 4778: 4769: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4746: 4739: 4738:Chisholm 1911 4734: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4712: 4705: 4699: 4692: 4688: 4682: 4675: 4669: 4660: 4654:(2011) p. 57. 4653: 4650:David Brown, 4647: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4631:Great Britain 4628: 4622: 4613: 4604: 4595: 4586: 4577: 4568: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4541: 4534: 4530: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4510: 4501: 4492: 4490: 4482: 4476: 4469: 4463: 4455: 4451: 4444: 4437: 4431: 4423: 4417: 4413: 4412: 4404: 4397: 4391: 4384: 4381:David Brown, 4378: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4344: 4338: 4334: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4312: 4309: 4308: 4307: 4304: 4303: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4257: 4248: 4244: 4243: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4212: 4209:April 1863 – 4208: 4204: 4201: 4197: 4194: 4190: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4178: 4170: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4102: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4019: 4007: 4003: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3989: 3985: 3982: 3978: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3958: 3950: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3801: 3796: 3784: 3783: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3757:Barney Gumble 3754: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3742: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3707:United States 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3671:Robert Conroy 3668: 3664: 3663: 3659: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3647: 3643: 3642: 3633: 3630: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3616: 3613: 3609: 3606: 3602: 3599: 3595: 3593: 3589: 3586: 3582: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3568: 3565: 3561: 3558: 3554: 3551: 3547: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3466: 3462: 3461: 3456: 3449: 3448: 3442: 3440: 3435: 3433: 3429: 3428:Evelyn Ashley 3425: 3421: 3417: 3415: 3414:Prince Albert 3411: 3402: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3393: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3361: 3359: 3354: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3343:Lord Rosebery 3341:When in 1886 3339: 3336: 3331: 3329: 3324: 3315: 3314: 3313: 3306: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3297: 3289: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3266: 3263: 3259: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3230:state funeral 3227: 3223: 3218: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3174: 3172: 3165: 3160: 3158: 3153: 3149: 3147: 3146: 3141: 3140: 3135: 3134:Jonathan Peel 3129: 3126: 3121: 3118: 3112: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3029: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2931: 2924: 2920: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2869: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2831: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2809: 2808:Edward Baines 2804: 2801: 2796: 2786: 2783: 2782: 2773: 2769: 2768:Prince Albert 2765: 2760: 2756: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2731: 2721: 2718: 2714: 2713:Liberal Party 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2688: 2686: 2685:Orsini affair 2682: 2681:Felice Orsini 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2654: 2650: 2645: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2577: 2573: 2572:by Victoria. 2571: 2567: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2545: 2541: 2532: 2523: 2521: 2515: 2505: 2503: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2439: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2405:Jasper Ridley 2402: 2392: 2390: 2385: 2382: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2351: 2348: 2343: 2339: 2332:Social reform 2329: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2304:of Whigs and 2303: 2299: 2295: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2249: 2247: 2246: 2241: 2240:Roman citizen 2238:, in which a 2237: 2233: 2227: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2213: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2194: 2184: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2166: 2165: 2164: 2161: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2135: 2133: 2132:Lajos Kossuth 2129: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2098: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2086:Royal Arsenal 2083: 2079: 2075: 2065: 2063: 2062:Young Ireland 2059: 2055: 2050: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2012: 2008: 2006: 1997: 1993: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1972: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1938:Lake Superior 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1922:New Brunswick 1919: 1915: 1910: 1909:Lord Aberdeen 1906: 1902: 1898: 1885: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1876: 1871: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1848:Hertfordshire 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1807: 1805: 1804:Thomas Barnes 1801: 1800: 1793: 1791: 1788:led by young 1787: 1783: 1775: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1766: 1765:Jasper Ridley 1761: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1732:Canton System 1729: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1648:Lord Ponsonby 1645: 1641: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1583: 1579: 1577: 1576:Sublime Porte 1573: 1568: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1548:. During the 1547: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1497: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1371: 1369: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1339: 1332: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1310: 1307:, London, by 1306: 1302: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1281: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1265:Charles Grant 1262: 1258: 1253: 1251: 1250:Lord Goderich 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1199: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1151: 1149: 1143: 1138: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1045: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1002: 1001:Adam Ferguson 998: 994: 989: 987: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 959:(1795–1800). 958: 957:Harrow School 953: 951: 947: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 919: 918:Thomas Heaphy 914: 905: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 882: 879: 875: 870: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 841:In 1852, the 839: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 814:) as the 3rd 813: 809: 805: 804:Irish peerage 801: 796: 794: 793:Liberal Party 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 769: 762: 755: 748: 743: 734: 727: 724: 723: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 699: 696: 694: 691: 690: 688: 686: 682: 675: 672: 671: 669: 665: 645: 640: 636: 629: 626: 623: 620: 617: 614: 613: 611: 607: 604: 601: 599:Resting place 597: 593: 584: 580: 576: 560: 556: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 524: 521: 515: 512: 509: 503: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 478: 476: 470: 464: 459: 456: 452: 448: 442: 438: 432: 425: 423: 422:The Earl Grey 420: 419: 417: 411: 405: 400: 396: 390: 387: 384: 378: 375: 372: 366: 360: 355: 352: 349: 343: 339: 333: 329: 323: 317: 312: 309: 305: 302: 299: 293: 290: 287: 281: 277: 271: 265: 260: 257: 253: 249: 242: 238: 234: 228: 225: 222: 216: 212: 208: 202: 197: 194: 191: 185: 182: 179: 173: 170: 167: 163: 157: 152: 149: 145: 141: 134: 129: 124: 120: 116: 112: 103: 98: 95: 87: 84: 76: 66: 63:and read the 62: 56: 53: 48: 39: 38: 33: 19: 12825:Bibliography 12738:Demographics 12689: 12636:By location 12627:British Army 12427:John Mitchel 12324: 12310:Lord Farnham 12285:Earl Russell 11923:W. Churchill 11838:R. Churchill 11797: 11787: 11654: 11408:Lloyd George 11403:Maxwell-Fyfe 11212: 11005: 10993: 10853:Douglas-Home 10796:Douglas-Home 10600: 10590: 10580: 10248:Beaconsfield 10085:Duncan Smith 10020:Douglas-Home 9826: 9562:Douglas-Home 9471:Lloyd George 9358: 9344: 9136:G. Grenville 8986: 8933: 8821: 8812: 8778: 8751: 8719: 8687: 8668: 8663: 8652: 8622: 8613: 8589:John Walrond 8572: 8563: 8529: 8520: 8515: 8508: 8501: 8492: 8434: 8425: 8420:Vicary Gibbs 8385: 8376: 8338: 8311: 8284: 8257: 8229: 8202: 8175: 8148: 8120: 8033: 8017: 7979: 7972: 7962: 7951:. Retrieved 7947:the original 7941: 7928: 7920: 7911: 7886: 7882: 7870: 7864: 7860: 7849: 7842: 7828: 7814: 7800: 7786: 7779: 7772: 7753:. Retrieved 7739: 7725: 7717: 7706: 7690: 7680: 7666: 7654: 7643: 7636: 7630:vol 2 online 7625: 7612: 7599: 7592: 7585: 7576: 7561: 7553: 7538: 7531: 7523:. Routledge. 7520: 7505: 7497:. IB Tauris. 7494: 7469: 7465: 7450: 7443: 7433: 7426: 7410: 7406: 7389: 7381: 7369: 7341: 7333: 7301: 7297: 7276: 7263: 7249: 7244:vol 2 online 7240:vol 1 online 7235: 7228:Bibliography 7216: 7211: 7191: 7184: 7164: 7157: 7145: 7133:. Retrieved 7124: 7112: 7092: 7085: 7076: 7070: 7050: 7043: 7023: 7016: 6996: 6989: 6977:. Retrieved 6973:the original 6968: 6959: 6951: 6942: 6922: 6912: 6904: 6899: 6887: 6882: 6874: 6869: 6861: 6856: 6848: 6843: 6833: 6827: 6818: 6810: 6806: 6784: 6779: 6770: 6761: 6753: 6748: 6736: 6728: 6723: 6713:26 September 6711:. Retrieved 6702: 6670: 6662: 6642: 6637: 6628: 6619: 6610: 6592: 6586: 6578: 6573: 6565: 6560: 6552: 6547: 6539: 6534: 6514: 6509: 6501: 6496: 6487: 6479: 6474: 6453: 6448:Adams (1925) 6444: 6431: 6426: 6407: 6396: 6386: 6376: 6370: 6346: 6340: 6315: 6311: 6305: 6290: 6285: 6241: 6234: 6226: 6221: 6212: 6203: 6197: 6188: 6179: 6171: 6163: 6154: 6145: 6136: 6128: 6123: 6114: 6106: 6101: 6087: 6080: 6072: 6067: 6059: 6058:J. Y. Wong, 6054: 6034: 6029: 6021: 6016: 6008: 6003: 5993: 5986: 5977: 5969: 5964: 5955: 5948:. Retrieved 5933: 5923: 5915: 5910: 5901: 5892: 5883: 5874: 5841: 5824: 5820: 5814: 5805: 5796: 5787: 5778: 5736: 5732: 5726: 5717: 5708: 5696:. Retrieved 5689: 5680: 5660: 5653: 5645: 5640: 5620: 5613: 5605: 5600: 5592: 5587: 5579: 5574: 5566: 5561: 5552: 5543: 5500: 5496: 5490: 5481: 5472: 5464: 5459: 5451: 5446: 5436: 5429: 5421: 5416: 5408: 5403: 5395: 5390: 5381: 5375: 5367: 5362: 5346: 5341: 5316: 5312: 5306: 5298: 5294: 5289: 5281: 5276: 5268: 5263: 5254: 5246: 5241: 5221: 5214: 5206: 5201: 5182: 5176: 5171:, pp. 248–60 5168: 5163: 5155: 5150: 5127: 5121: 5101:. 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Retrieved 4353: 4349: 4337: 4223:July 1865 – 4211:Lord de Grey 4198:June 1861 – 4180:July 1859 – 4107:Charles Wood 3900:Charles Wood 3872:Lord Panmure 3781: 3777:Laurence Fox 3759:argues with 3748:The Simpsons 3746: 3737:Wagons West! 3736: 3720: 3715:Trent Affair 3688: 3683:Trent Affair 3660: 3644: 3498:North Island 3490:South Island 3463:The Town of 3436: 3431: 3419: 3418: 3407: 3394: 3385:abolitionist 3382: 3376:led General 3362: 3355: 3340: 3332: 3320: 3311: 3298: 3295: 3278:County Sligo 3267: 3257: 3254: 3242:Isaac Newton 3238:Robert Blake 3226:Romsey Abbey 3222:Jesus Christ 3214: 3205: 3200: 3180: 3167: 3162: 3154: 3150: 3143: 3137: 3130: 3122: 3113: 3101: 3062: 3049: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3027: 3023: 3012: 2993: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2926: 2922: 2890: 2871: 2856:Trent Affair 2837: 2813: 2805: 2792: 2779: 2777: 2764:Lord Russell 2762:Palmerston, 2753: 2733: 2711:, where the 2694: 2658: 2653:John Phillip 2626: 2589: 2587: 2566:peace treaty 2553:Napoleon III 2549:Alexander II 2537: 2517: 2482: 2466: 2417: 2398: 2386: 2357: 2354:Penal reform 2338:Factory Acts 2335: 2291: 2265: 2259: 2255: 2243: 2236:Roman Empire 2228: 2216: 2199:Don Pacifico 2196: 2181: 2153: 2141: 2104: 2071: 2046: 2018: 2015:Irish Famine 2009: 2001: 1989: 1970: 1960: 1946: 1928:and between 1894: 1875:Gillian Gill 1872: 1868: 1844:Brocket Hall 1829: 1824:William Owen 1818:Portrait of 1802:, edited by 1797: 1794: 1779: 1762: 1757:treaty ports 1726: 1688: 1684:fall of Acre 1657: 1642:and won the 1631:Muhammad Ali 1627:under threat 1620: 1608: 1600:Vixen affair 1588: 1569: 1565: 1562:Henry Bulwer 1543: 1527: 1503: 1486: 1475: 1452: 1432: 1377: 1364: 1344: 1340:13th Edition 1337: 1329: 1313: 1282: 1269:William Lamb 1254: 1231: 1200: 1188: 1173: 1148:Edmund Burke 1145: 1140: 1107: 1096: 1077: 1062: 1046: 1025:County Sligo 1014: 990: 954: 950:County Sligo 922: 883: 871: 840: 824:Cabinet rank 797: 772: 741: 740: 674:Henry Temple 592:Brocket Hall 587:(1865-10-18) 518:Succeeded by 462: 445:Succeeded by 403: 393:Succeeded by 358: 346:Succeeded by 315: 296:Succeeded by 263: 231:Succeeded by 200: 188:Succeeded by 155: 94: 79: 70: 59:Please help 54: 52:lead section 12877:1865 deaths 12872:1784 births 12783:Masculinity 12462:Colm Tóibín 12350:Robert Peel 12229:Coffin ship 11828:Hicks-Beach 11743:Castlereagh 10731:Chamberlain 10561:Castlereagh 10413:Strathclyde 9897:Chamberlain 9867:Hicks Beach 9520:Chamberlain 9023:David Steel 8971:(1916–1988) 8927:(1859–1916) 8883:(1859–1916) 8449:John Copley 8367:Isaac Corry 8242:George Grey 8038:1803–2005: 7857:G. P. Gooch 7755:11 December 7620:Online free 7604:Online free 7472:: 365–378. 7360:j.ctt5vks3x 7344:. Yale UP. 6679:John Murray 6597: [ 5929:Arnold, Guy 5698:28 November 5518:10419/72313 5225:. Ashgate. 4790:E. Halevy, 4191:May 1860 – 4149:and of the 3727:CS Forester 3711:Confederacy 3679:Confederacy 3598:Southampton 3592:Bournemouth 3571:Merton Park 3564:Walthamstow 3482:New Zealand 3374:appeasement 3364:Englishman. 3351:John Bright 3301:Norman Gash 3246:Lord Nelson 3105:River Eider 2897:belligerent 2852:Crimean War 2639:Resignation 2622:John Bright 2598:Ye Mingchen 2413:Dardanelles 2401:Crimean War 2395:Crimean War 2281:Tocqueville 2267:coup d'état 2207:antisemitic 1914:Robert Peel 1740:Lord Napier 1443:Southampton 1402:were about 1257:Canningites 1234:Robert Peel 941:Anglo-Irish 925:Westminster 876:. Although 863:Crimean War 832:Canningites 630:(from 1859) 624:(1830–1859) 618:(1806–1830) 575:Westminster 506:Preceded by 435:Preceded by 381:Preceded by 336:Preceded by 284:Preceded by 219:Preceded by 176:Preceded by 13092:War Office 12856:Categories 12447:Joel Mokyr 12420:Historians 12199:Penal Laws 11948:Crookshank 11943:Chuter Ede 11798:Palmerston 11788:Palmerston 11473:Waddington 11398:Chuter Ede 11213:Palmerston 11178:Wellington 11123:Hawkesbury 10873:Carrington 10681:Iddesleigh 10626:Malmesbury 10611:Malmesbury 10601:Palmerston 10591:Palmerston 10586:Wellington 10581:Palmerston 10521:Hawkesbury 10388:Carrington 10383:Shackleton 10378:Carrington 10228:Malmesbury 10178:Wellington 10168:Wellington 10158:Wellington 9970:Lees-Smith 9852:Hartington 9827:Palmerston 9359:Palmerston 9345:Palmerston 9296:Wellington 9275:Wellington 9171:Rockingham 9143:Rockingham 9115:Devonshire 9094:Wilmington 9013:Jo Grimond 8818:1802–1865 8784:1863–1865 8757:1861–1865 8725:1862–1865 8693:1859–1865 8674:1859–1865 8658:1855–1859 8619:1855–1859 8581:1859–1865 8462:1829–1831 8396:1809–1811 8371:John Doyle 8344:1859–1865 8290:1855–1858 8235:1852–1855 8208:1846–1851 8181:1835–1841 8154:1830–1834 8126:1809–1828 7767:required.) 7637:Palmerston 7342:Palmerston 6685:), p. 247. 5465:Palmerston 5351:Broadlands 5347:Oxford DNB 4964:E Halevy, 4906:E Halevy, 4890:E Halevy, 4864:E Halevy, 4633:, and the 4329:References 4282:Supporters 4276:Escutcheon 3974:R.V. Smith 3771:Palmerston 3761:Wade Boggs 3713:after the 3681:after the 3550:East Sheen 3539:Portsmouth 3529:Teampaill. 3509:Palmerston 3486:Palmerston 3465:Palmerston 3395:Historian 3299:Historian 3248:, and the 3033:Birkenhead 3004:gunrunning 2557:Sevastopol 2485:Lord Derby 2434:Nicholas I 2409:Royal Navy 2064:movement. 1884:amanuensis 1860:Piccadilly 1832:Emily Lamb 1826:, ca. 1810 1820:Emily Lamb 1709:See also: 1625:, who was 1518:Don Carlos 1398:, and the 1271:, and the 1191:War Office 1114:Royal Navy 1049:Volunteers 1009:Lord Minto 1005:Adam Smith 890:Opium Wars 800:his father 685:Alma mater 644:Emily Lamb 568:1784-10-20 12803:Burlesque 12778:Jewellery 12758:Cosmetics 12224:Souperism 12209:Corn Laws 12118:Rees-Mogg 12103:Lidington 12033:MacGregor 11908:MacDonald 11898:MacDonald 11853:Gladstone 11833:Gladstone 11823:Gladstone 11818:Northcote 11813:Gladstone 11803:Gladstone 11753:Huskisson 11718:Addington 11697:Townshend 11677:Grenville 11667:Grenville 11553:Braverman 11543:Braverman 11503:C. Clarke 11483:K. Clarke 11433:Callaghan 11393:Somervell 11348:Henderson 11343:Bridgeman 11313:Churchill 11308:Gladstone 11173:Duncannon 11168:Melbourne 11158:Lansdowne 11133:Liverpool 11098:Grenville 11078:Townshend 11073:Shelburne 10858:Callaghan 10786:Macmillan 10736:Henderson 10726:MacDonald 10706:Lansdowne 10701:Salisbury 10696:Kimberley 10686:Salisbury 10671:Salisbury 10666:Granville 10661:Salisbury 10651:Granville 10646:Clarendon 10636:Clarendon 10621:Clarendon 10606:Granville 10556:Wellesley 10516:Grenville 10408:Cranborne 10288:Kimberley 10273:Kimberley 10268:Granville 10258:Granville 10243:Granville 10223:Granville 10208:Granville 10183:Melbourne 10173:Melbourne 10143:Grenville 10045:Callaghan 10005:Gaitskell 9990:Churchill 9980:Greenwood 9955:Henderson 9945:MacDonald 9935:MacDonald 9872:Gladstone 9862:Gladstone 9857:Northcote 9847:Gladstone 9837:Gladstone 9590:Callaghan 9555:Macmillan 9541:Churchill 9527:Churchill 9506:MacDonald 9492:MacDonald 9443:Salisbury 9429:Gladstone 9422:Salisbury 9415:Gladstone 9408:Salisbury 9401:Gladstone 9387:Gladstone 9310:Melbourne 9289:Melbourne 9254:Liverpool 9219:Addington 9178:Shelburne 9122:Newcastle 9108:Newcastle 8576:1835–1859 8457:1827–1829 8451:1826–1827 8445:1822–1826 8440:1812–1822 8390:1807–1809 7667:Historian 7646:. (1910) 7632:1855–1865 7486:153007113 7334:Historian 7326:154863763 6811:The Times 6566:The Times 6332:143983887 5753:154617613 5132:Routledge 3697:novel by 3669:novel by 3522:Rathmines 3378:Jan Smuts 3258:very well 2830:chimney. 2781:The Times 2447:Black Sea 2443:Bosphorus 2420:Wallachia 2381:Parkhurst 2342:Truck Act 2113:from the 1998:, c. 1845 1953:Lord Grey 1934:Minnesota 1852:townhouse 1799:The Times 1782:Chartists 1774:John Bull 1623:Mahmud II 1612:Karl Marx 1604:Circassia 1430:of 1830. 1396:civil war 1351:Lord Grey 1331:audience. 1238:George IV 1213:becoming 1205:in 1822, 719:Nicknames 707:Signature 463:In office 404:In office 359:In office 316:In office 264:In office 201:In office 156:In office 12835:Category 12793:Painting 12788:Morality 12650:Scotland 12551:Category 12533:Land War 12128:Mordaunt 12098:Grayling 11983:Whitelaw 11973:Crossman 11938:Morrison 11858:Harcourt 11808:Disraeli 11793:Disraeli 11778:Disraeli 11738:Perceval 11640:Robinson 11558:Cleverly 11498:Blunkett 11458:Whitelaw 11438:Maudling 11388:Morrison 11383:Anderson 11283:Matthews 11278:Childers 11268:Harcourt 11193:Normanby 11183:Goulburn 11143:Sidmouth 11108:Portland 10971:Cleverly 10918:Miliband 10863:Crosland 10776:Morrison 10691:Rosebery 10676:Rosebery 10596:Aberdeen 10576:Aberdeen 10551:Bathurst 10531:Mulgrave 10526:Harrowby 10496:Grantham 10333:Hailsham 10283:Rosebery 10238:Richmond 10105:Miliband 10040:Thatcher 10000:Morrison 9960:Lansbury 9882:Harcourt 9842:Disraeli 9832:Disraeli 9822:Disraeli 9812:Disraeli 9807:Disraeli 9789:Bentinck 9749:Ponsonby 9680:Category 9597:Thatcher 9436:Rosebery 9380:Disraeli 9338:Aberdeen 9268:Goderich 9247:Perceval 9240:Portland 9185:Portland 8822:Extinct 8635:to form 8629:Radicals 8625:Peelites 7675:24437747 7602:(1855), 7547:24401363 7135:13 April 7129:Archived 6920:(2013). 6551:Ridley, 6538:Ridley, 6071:Ridley, 6033:Ridley, 6007:Ridley, 5968:Ridley, 5914:Ridley, 5644:Ridley, 5604:Ridley, 5578:Ridley, 5535:32405352 5527:18646391 5333:24425287 5167:Ridley, 4951:Ridley, 4479:Ridley, 4456:: 62–77. 4300:See also 4206:Cabinet. 3782:Victoria 3709:and the 3651:Flashman 3573:, London 3543:Southsea 3524:area of 3202:Ireland. 3157:Tiverton 3065:Prussian 2940:en route 2424:Moldavia 2368:Tasmania 2306:Peelites 2090:Woolwich 2037:Cottiers 1961:tendency 1940:and the 1810:Marriage 1572:Bosporus 1534:Carlists 1494:a treaty 1404:to place 1334:— 1324:Bourbons 1130:Russians 1126:Napoleon 1069:November 971:, was a 851:Peelites 676:(father) 213:Victoria 169:Victoria 73:May 2024 12798:Theatre 12768:Fashion 12763:Erotica 12640:Ireland 12481:Related 12182:General 12123:Spencer 12108:Leadsom 12088:Lansley 12048:Beckett 12023:Wakeham 11958:Macleod 11913:Baldwin 11903:Baldwin 11893:Baldwin 11873:Asquith 11863:Balfour 11848:Balfour 11783:Russell 11773:Russell 11763:Althorp 11748:Canning 11625:Walpole 11518:Johnson 11463:Brittan 11448:Jenkins 11428:Jenkins 11423:Soskice 11368:Gilmour 11318:McKenna 11298:Ritchie 11288:Asquith 11243:Walpole 11223:Walpole 11208:Walpole 11188:Russell 11128:Spencer 10976:Cameron 10933:Johnson 10928:Hammond 10913:Beckett 10898:Rifkind 10848:Stewart 10821:Stewart 10811:Stewart 10761:Halifax 10741:Reading 10716:Balfour 10641:Stanley 10631:Russell 10616:Russell 10566:Canning 10546:Canning 10403:Richard 10363:Addison 10353:Addison 10338:Parmoor 10323:Parmoor 10318:Haldane 10293:Spencer 10218:Russell 10193:Stanley 10120:Starmer 10095:Cameron 10065:Beckett 10055:Kinnock 9950:Baldwin 9940:Baldwin 9930:Asquith 9925:Maclean 9920:Asquith 9902:Balfour 9892:Balfour 9877:Balfour 9817:Russell 9803:Herries 9784:Russell 9774:Russell 9764:Althorp 9754:Tierney 9660:Starmer 9639:Johnson 9625:Cameron 9513:Baldwin 9499:Baldwin 9485:Baldwin 9464:Asquith 9450:Balfour 9366:Russell 9324:Russell 9261:Canning 9157:Grafton 8082:at the 8035:Hansard 8007:: 7965:(1943) 7859:, eds. 7837:1899235 7823:1872562 7809:3020795 7699:1872311 7570:3020744 7539:History 7526:Excerpt 7514:4466386 7500:excerpt 7390:History 7372:(2002) 7318:1876138 7258:1871668 7242:; also 6979:22 June 6170:(ed.), 5957:Turkey. 5950:18 June 5463:Brown, 5313:History 5301:(2013). 5044:Brown, 4816:Brown, 4627:England 4175:Changes 3997:1857 – 3994:Cabinet 3955:Changes 3629:Toronto 3619:Belfast 3612:Bedford 3559:, EH12. 3520:In the 3368:" When 3282:Ireland 3059:Denmark 3050:Alabama 3045:Alabama 3041:Alabama 3037:Alabama 3028:Alabama 2886:slavery 2476:at the 2445:or the 2310:Russell 2277:Marrast 2212:Piraeus 2178:follow. 2169:Quixote 2107:Hungary 2074:Austria 1864:Mayfair 1672:Prussia 1664:Austria 1449:Belgium 1424:Austria 1420:Prussia 1400:Spanish 1170:in 1815 1132:in the 1122:Denmark 1116:in the 1112:by the 1103:Newport 1073:Horsham 1029:Ireland 961:Admiral 933:Ireland 845:formed 661: 649: 628:Liberal 210:Monarch 165:Monarch 12773:Houses 12645:London 12273:People 12133:Powell 12113:Stride 12078:Harman 12043:Taylor 12038:Newton 12018:Biffen 11968:Bowden 11953:Butler 11928:Cripps 11733:Howick 11728:C. Fox 11703:C. Fox 11692:C. Fox 11682:Conway 11672:H. Fox 11645:H. 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Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston

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