Lord's Resistance Army

1700:, the AU's special envoy on the LRA, Francisco Madeira, said that while the Congo DR had not sent supporting troops, it had made some other unnamed support. "We need more support, I don't have to elaborate on these because my predecessor has done this so well. We need support in terms of means of transport, communication, medicine, combat rations and uniforms for the troops tracking the LRA. This is particularly important and critical and most urgent for the central African troops who handed over their contingent despite the challenges facing them." Ugandan Defence Minister Chrispus Kiyonga said: "We are yet to fully agree on how this troops will operate because now they are going to be one force, a regional task force with its commander. There are two concepts: There are people who think that the SPLA should only work on the side of Sudan, that the army of the Central African Republic should only work there ...but there is the other concept that some of us support, that once there is one unified force, co-ordinated force then it should go wherever Kony is. We think that way, it will be more effective." He added that the newest intelligence reports at the time has suggested the LRA then had only 200 guns and numbered about 500 people, including women and children. 1666:, at a cost of approximately $ 4.5 million per month. Human Rights Watch welcomed the deployment, which they had previously advocated for, and Obama said that the deployment did not need explicit approval from the U.S. Congress, as the 2010 Lord's Resistance Army Disarmament and Northern Uganda Recovery Act already authorised "increased, comprehensive U.S. efforts to help mitigate and eliminate the threat posed by the LRA to civilians and regional stability". The military advisors will be armed, and will provide assistance and advice, but "will not themselves engage LRA forces unless necessary for self-defense." As of 2015, the United States provided support for military efforts, notably by the 989: 639: 1296:

most top leadership in Uganda hailed from the north between 1962 and 1985. This marginalisation, deliberate or otherwise, with the adverse consequences of the war, has resulted in disparate poverty levels in northern Uganda, for the most part of the NRM's 20 plus years' rule. Although poverty at times may be treated as an escalating factor that creates resentment in society, its role in the conflict in northern Uganda is part and parcel of the underlying structural factors. The Poverty Status Report, 2003, indicates that "one-third of the chronically poor (30.1%) and a disproportionate moving into poverty are from northern Uganda".

454: 354: 466: 367: 478: 627:. Despite allegations of brutality, groups like the LRA seek international recognition, framing their actions as self-defense and resistance against government injustices. The conflict has also profoundly impacted Acholi society, disrupting education, fracturing traditional family structures, and precipitating forced migration, contributing to a cultural erosion. Amidst complex geopolitical dynamics and international scrutiny, towards a future marked by stability and autonomy within a 489: 171: 442: 328: 34: 263: 430: 315: 341: 501: 1305:

country and that this had happened because of their alleged domination of the armed forces. The determination was that this 'domination' of politics in Uganda by the 'northerners' was no longer acceptable and had to end. This suggested that until that objective of removing the 'northerners' from power had been achieved and all threats from those quarters removed, the war in the north had to continue.

913: 70: 1689:, South Sudan to take control of the fight against the LRA. The goal of the project was to co-ordinate efforts against the group by the ongoing operations conducted by the states of Uganda, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic. However, some fear that these armies are looting resources in the region. The civilians have reported 1519:, brigade commander of the Sania Brigade of the LRA. The four LRA leaders were charged with crimes against humanity and war crimes, including murder, rape, and sexual slavery. Ongwen was the only of the four not charged with recruiting child soldiers. The warrants were filed under seal; public redacted versions were released on 13 October 2005. 1250: 803:(NRA) government forces, in particular, former members of the Federal Democratic Movement (FEDEMO), were known for their lack of discipline and brutal actions meant that the civilian population was accused of supporting the rebel LRA; likewise, the rebels accused the population of supporting the government army. 1454:. Abou Moussa, the UN envoy in the region, said in March 2012 that the LRA was believed to have dwindled to between 200 and 700 followers but still remained a threat: "The most important thing is that no matter how little the LRA may be, it still constitutes a danger they continue to attack and create havoc." 1579:

forces before ultimately entering into custody of the ICC. Ongwen made his first appearance before the ICC on 26 January 2015. In a trial that lasted between 6 December 2016 to 12 March 2020, 4,095 victims were granted the right to participate and represented in court. In February 2021, the ICC found

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in the history of Uganda. This created a great deal of concern in the Acholi community, as well as a strong desire for formidable leadership and protection. As the conflict has progressed, fewer and fewer Acholi offered sufficient support to the rebels in the eyes of the LRA. This led to an increased

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The LRA is a consequence of an ethnic-oriented war that was initiated by the NRM/A in Luwero Triangle against the 'northerners'. This was fuelled by the belief on the part of the leadership of the NRM/A that Uganda politics had since political independence been 'dominated' by the 'northerners' in the

1526:

The indictments received warm praise within the international community. However, the Acholi people showed mixed reactions. Many felt that amnesty for the LRA soldiers and a negotiated settlement was the best hope for the end of the war. In the end, the court's intent to prosecute the leaders of the

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This cynical strategy, some argue, was deeply rooted and employed in Luwero triangle by the NRM/A rebels during their five-year-bush war in order to garner popular support, while in essence, their real underlying drive was "unique greed for absolute political power" in total abhorrence of democratic

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In March 1991, the Ugandan government's NRA started Operation North, which combined efforts to destroy the LRA, while cutting away its roots of support among the population through heavy-handed tactics. As part of Operation North, the army created the "Arrow Groups", village guards mostly armed with

1522:

These were the first warrants issued by the ICC since it was established in 2002. Details of the warrants were sent to the three countries where the LRA is active: Uganda, Sudan (the LRA was active in what is now South Sudan), and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The LRA leadership has long stated

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In 2007, the government of Uganda claimed that the LRA had only 500 or 1,000 soldiers in total, but other sources estimated that there could have been as many as 3,000 soldiers, along with about 1,500 women and children. By 2011, unofficial estimates were in the range of 300 to 400 combatants, with

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The strong imbalance in the level of development and investment between Eastern & Northern Uganda on the one side, and Central & Western Uganda on the other perceived as the land of milk and honey, is a clear manifestation of economic marginalisation of the region, in spite of the fact that

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argued that "he reason why the LRA continues is that its victims – the civilian population of the area – trust neither the LRA nor government forces." He believes that "a Ugandan political solution" ("political process"), rather than "military mobilisation" and international "escalation", was what

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would later preach a similar superstition, encouraging soldiers to use oil to draw a cross on their chest as protection from bullets. During a later interview, however, Alice Lakwena distanced herself from Kony, claiming that the Spirit does not want soldiers to kill civilians or prisoners of war.

1530:

On 30 November 2005, the LRA deputy commander, Vincent Otti, contacted the BBC announcing a renewed desire among the LRA leadership to hold peace talks with the Ugandan government. The government expressed skepticism regarding the overture but stated their openness to a peaceful resolution of the

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Since the LRA first started fighting in the 1990s they may have forced well over 10,000 boys and girls into combat, often killing family, neighbors and school teachers in the process. Many of these children were put on the front lines so the casualty rate for these children has been high. The LRA

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scholar Knut Holter has argued that what the Lord's Resistance Army means by the "Ten Commandments" is somewhat loosely associated with the Ten Commandments as found in the Biblical text. Holter notes that the LRA have created new commandments that help propagate their ideology under the term the

1210:

By May 2010, the LRA killed over 1,600 Congolese civilians and abducted more than 2,500. Between September 2008 and July 2011, the group, despite being down to only a few hundred fighters, had killed more than 2,300 people, abducted more than 3,000, and displaced over 400,000 across the DR Congo,

1138:

against the LRA. There were brutal revenge attacks by scattered LRA remnants, with over 1,000 people killed and hundreds abducted in Congo and South Sudan. Hundreds of thousands were displaced while fleeing the massacres. The military action in the DRC did not result in the capture or killing of

811:

initiated the first face-to-face meeting between representatives of the rebel LRA and NRA government. The rebels asked for a general amnesty for their combatants and to "return home", but the government stance was hampered by disagreement over the credibility of the LRA negotiators and political

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Kony sought to align himself with Lakwena and, in turn garner support from her constituents, even going so far as to claim they were cousins. Meanwhile, Kony gained a reputation as having been possessed by spirits and became a spiritual figure or a medium. He and a small group of followers first

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Such acts of violence led to the formation of rebel groups from the ranks of the previous Ugandan army, UNLA. Many of those groups made peace with Museveni. However, the southern-dominated army did not stop attacking civilians in the north of the country. Therefore, by late 1987 to early 1988, a

135:

Though the red-black-blue flag has been widely misattributed to the Lord's Resistance Army, the organization has not been reported to use this flag. This information was taken from a photo of some guerrilla men in northern Uganda, but was later discovered to belong to a South Sudanese liberation

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Part of the structural causes of the LRA conflict has been explained as rooted in the "diversity of ethnic groups which were at different levels of socio-economic development and political organization". This has led to ethnic strife. Enemy images have instilled insensitivity to the extent that

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of God. That is true – because the Ten Commandments of God is the constitution that God has given to the people of the world. All people. If you go to the constitution, nobody will accept people who steal, nobody could accept to go and take somebody's wife, nobody could accept to kill the

1560:

At least two of the five wanted LRA leaders have since been killed: Lukwiya in August 2006 and Otti in late 2007 (executed by Kony). Odhiambo was rumoured to have been killed in April 2008. In February, 2015, UPDF forces found the body of an unidentified person. Later on in April, DNA tests

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Between December 2008 – March 2009, the armed forces of Uganda, DR Congo and South Sudan launched aerial attacks and raids on the LRA camps in Garamba, destroying them. The efforts to inflict a military defeat on the LRA were not fully successful. The U.S.-supported

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infighting. At a meeting in January 1994, Kony asked for six months to regroup his troops, but by early February the tone of the negotiations was growing increasingly acrimonious and the LRA broke off negotiations, accusing the government of trying to entrap them.

1632:. No U.S. troops were directly involved, but 17 U.S. advisers and analysts provided intelligence, equipment, and fuel to Ugandan military counterparts. The offensive pushed Kony from his jungle camp, but he was not captured. One hundred children were rescued. 1346:

amount of violence toward the non-combatant population, which in turn further alienated them from the rebels. This self-perpetuating cycle led to the creation of a strict divide between Acholis and rebels—a divide that was previously not explicitly present.

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people perceived as enemies can be construed and ignored as inconsequential. A former Cabinet minister who was a key figure in the Presidential Peace Team while addressing elders in Lango on the atrocities committed by the NRA in the northern districts of

612:. Its stated goal against internal oppression under successive regimes, notably President Museveni's. Movements like the LRA (Lord's Resistance Army) have articulated demands that include President Museveni's immediate resignation, the dissolution of the 1379:

Lord's Resistance Army is just the name of the movement because we are fighting in the name of God. God is the one helping us in the bush. That's why we created this name, Lord's Resistance Army. And people always ask us, are we fighting for the

1283:, warned them that "they did not matter as long as the south was stable". This sense of betrayal on the northerners has festered into a groundswell of mistrust by the population against virtually any overtures from the government to the rebels. 1236:

As of 2022, it was reported that the LRA consisted of splinter groups of altogether 1000 people and was militarily very weak. It acted more like a criminal gang than an army, smuggling ivory and arms across the DRC border. In 2024, LRA officer

932:(OCHA), the LRA attacks and the government's counter-insurgency measures resulted in the displacement of nearly 95 percent of the Acholi population in three districts of northern Uganda. By 2006, 1.7 million people lived in more than 200 4282: 948:. During the same time period of January–July 2005, the LRA abducted 1,286 Ugandans (46.4 percent of whom were children under the age of 15 years), and violence accounted for 9.4 percent of the 28,283 deaths, occurring mostly outside camps. 1458:

have often used children to fight because they are easy to replace by raiding schools or villages. According to Livingstone Sewanyana, executive director of the Foundation for Human Rights Initiative, the government was the first to use

760:

of God. Lakwena portrayed herself as a prophet who received messages from the Holy Spirit and expressed the belief that the Acholi could defeat the Museveni government. She preached that her followers should cover their bodies with

1218:

military force (a brigade of 5,000, including contingents from the DR Congo, Central African Republic and South Sudan) to hunt down Kony and the remnants of the LRA, but asked for more international assistance for the task force.

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in 1894. While the agricultural Baganda people worked closely with the British, the Acholi and other northern ethnic groups supplied much of the national manual labour and came to comprise a majority of the military.

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in 1996 that were forced to become soldiers and also sex slaves to the soldiers. The government created the so-called "protected camps" beginning in 1996. The LRA declared a short-lived ceasefire for the duration of

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The LRA's ideology is disputed among academics. In practice "the LRA is not motivated by any identifiable political agenda, and its military strategy and tactics reflect this". It appears to largely function as a

744:

and took control of the country. The victors sought vengeance against ethnic groups in the North of Uganda. Their activities included Operation Simsim, which engaged in burning, looting, and killings of locals.

5262:

U.S. Policy to Counter the Lord's Resistance Army: Hearing before the Subcommittee on African Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session

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comments that "the LRA remains one of the least understood rebel movements in the world, and its ideology, as far as it has one, is difficult to understand." During an interview with IRIN, the LRA commander

799:, Kony seized this opportunity to recruit the Holy Spirit remnants. The LRA occasionally carried out local attacks to underline the inability of the government to protect the population. The fact that most 3074: 719:

The southern region became the centre for commercial trade development. The livestock-raising Acholi from the north of Uganda were resented for dominating the army and policing. Following the country's

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had ignored previous ICC warrants for the arrest of four of LRA's top leaders, and instead supplied the LRA with cash and food as an incentive to stop them from attacking southern Sudanese citizens.

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LRA, Boko Haram, al-Shabaab, AQIM, and Other Sources of Instability in Africa: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session

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In 2012 the LRA was reported to be in Djema, Central African Republic but forces pursuing the LRA withdrew in April 2013 after the government of the Central African Republic was overthrown by the

1401:, a former secretary for external affairs and mobilisation of the Lord's Resistance Army, adamantly denied that the LRA was "just an Acholi thing" and stated that claims made by the media and 4759: 1640: 1094: 1523:

that they would never surrender unless they were granted immunity from prosecution; so the ICC order to arrest them raised concerns that the insurgency would not have a negotiated end.

131: 4552: 968:. The Ugandan government and the LRA signed a truce on 26 August 2006. Under the terms of the agreement, LRA forces would leave Uganda and gather in two assembly areas in the remote 3522: 5525: 3136: 5751: 4729: 807:

bows and arrows. The creation of the Arrow Groups angered Kony, who began to feel that he no longer had the support of the population. After the failure of Operation North,

5771: 5250: 4801: 2984: 2111: 4860: 711:, who had engaged in hunting, farming and livestock herding in the past. The ethnic and cultural tensions within Uganda grew during the years following the creation of the 623:

This struggle has exacted a heavy humanitarian toll, with widespread displacement, loss of life, and atrocities against civilians devastating northern Uganda, particularly

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movement. Being a Christian fundamentalist movement, the emblem comprises a half moon and star, and furthermore Law Tables and a heart. The group also uses the regular

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Although this is not proven, there has been rumors that Sudan may have provided military assistance to the LRA, in response to Uganda lending military support to the

1233:

rescued more than 15,000 people that were abducted since 1986. It is estimated that over 50,000 children were captured during the 20 years in Northern Uganda by LRA.

1724: 4607: 5319: 3193: 2544:

Alfred G. Nhema, "The resolution of African conflicts: the management of conflict resolution & post-conflict reconstruction." p.53. Ohio University Press, 2008

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By August 2009, the LRA terror in the DRC resulted in displacing as many as 320,000 Congolese, exposing them to a threat of famine, according to UNICEF director

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was reported either to have defected or to have been captured and was held by the Ugandan forces. He was successively transferred from Ugandan forces to

1150:

in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The LRA struck several other communities in the near-simultaneous attacks: 75 people were murdered in a church near

1120: 929: 844:, possibly in the hope that Yoweri Museveni would be defeated. Based on UNICEF data 1999, over 6000 children were held by LRA rebels in Northern Uganda. 4643: 2623: 3023: 2930: 1862: 3461: 2590: 2365: 2044: 2017: 1968: 5275: 4463: 3326: 2499: 5354: 5287: 5029: 2846: 2821: 2395: 1554: 244: 4402: 3282: 1360:

in 1997, concluded that "the LRA has no political program or ideology, at least none that the local population has heard or can understand." The

5709:

Alliances sometimes changed dramatically over the course of the wars. Some groups may be associated with multiple, ostensibly opposed factions.

1895: 5786: 5594: 5513: 5173: 4168: 1181:, causing Ugandan Archbishop John Baptist Odama to call on the international community for help in finding a peaceful solution to the crisis. 856:(UPDF), launched a massive military offensive code-named Operation Iron Fist against the LRA bases in southern Sudan, with agreement from the 4838: 3209: 1223: 5312: 2141: 5163: 3518: 5484: 4334: 2565: 2201: 756:

Lakwena did not pick up arms against the central government; her members carried sticks and stones. She believed she was inspired by the

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to 184 countries on behalf of the ICC, which has no police of its own. Kony had been previously reported to have met Vice President of

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documenting LRA use of sex slavery, enslavement of child soldiers, and other atrocities through interviews with former LRA commander

3519:"90 per cent of people in LRA areas of Congo still live in fear of their safety, new Oxfam survey reveals | Oxfam International" 1364:

has stated that "the LRA is not motivated by any identifiable political agenda, and its military strategy and tactics reflect this."

787:

By August 1987, Lakwena's Holy Spirit Mobile Force scored several victories on the battlefield and began a march towards the capital

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was tried in Uganda on charges including rape, murder, kidnapping, and enslavement of civilians. The trial is currently ongoing.

1151: 1113: 3576: 2323: 5731: 5469: 3655: 1648: 3624: 3049: 2666:

Van Acker, Frank, "Uganda and The Lord's Resistance Army: The New Order No One Ordered," 2004, African Affairs 103(412), p.345

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Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos (Summer 2008). "Conversion to Islam and Modernity in Nigeria: A View from the Underworld".

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Onyango Odongo "Causes of Armed Conflicts in Uganda", Historical Memory Synthetic Paper, 2003 CBR Conference, Hotel Africana

3254: 5761: 5623: 5501: 4514: 4492: 4426: 4362: 3165: 2721: 2461: 978: 690: 518: 4599: 1450:

By early 2012, the LRA had been reduced to a force of between 200 and 250 fighters, according to Ugandan defence minister

5646: 3190: 3133:"IRIN Africa | Uganda: 1,000 displaced die every week in war-torn north – report | Uganda | Refugees/IDPs" 1816: 1783: 1757: 1433:

To bring to an end to the repressive policy of deliberate marginalization of groups of people who may not agree with the

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against the LRA. Some observers have reported that the United States have been involved for reasons other than the LRA.

1662:

with a mandate to train, assist and provide intelligence to help combat the Lord's Resistance Army, reportedly from the

1651:

on 13 May 2010, with 202 representatives as cosponsors. On 24 November 2010, Obama delivered a strategy document to the

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nationalism on occasion; many observers doubt the sincerity of this behaviour and the loyalty of Kony to any ideology.

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and partners estimated that through the first seven months of 2005, about 1,000 people were dying weekly, chiefly from

841: 544: 5588: 5150: 5117: 4962: 4669: 3853: 3816: 3301:"Ugandan rebels have displaced as many as 320,000 people in northern Democratic Republic of Congo, Unicef chief says" 2171: 1610: 1466: 106: 4907: 5427: 2114:. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, University of Maryland. Archived from 1667: 1230: 906: 853: 777: 617: 609: 459: 359: 5191: 3488: 3300: 2781: 2421: 1837: 1673:

In late 2013, Ugandan forces, alerted by U.S. troops, killed chief planner Colonel Samuel Kangul, amongst others.

1447:

more than half believed to be abductees. The soldiers are organized into independent squads of 10 or 20 soldiers.

724:, Uganda's ethnic groups continued to compete with each other within the bounds of Uganda's new political system. 5776: 5230: 3596: 1629: 1135: 1023: 901:

commandos and at least 15 rebels were killed in a botched UN special forces raid targeting the LRA deputy leader

721: 514: 4237: 5791: 5387: 5195: 4635: 3110: 2528: 1921: 894:

estimated that the LRA had abducted at least 25,000 children since the conflict began. In January 2006, eight

5463: 4201:, 2006, p. 20. Peter Singer puts the number over 14,000 children; Jimmie Briggs cites only 10,000 + children. 2782:

The Anguish of Northern Uganda: Results of a Field-based Assessment of the Civil Conflicts in Northern Uganda

2619: 1044: 620:, and the establishment of an independent government reflecting ethnic diversity and democratic principles. 578: 2644:

Dolan, Chris, "Social Torture: The Case of Northern Uganda, 1986–2006", 2009, New York: Berghahn Books, p.41

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with bizarre beliefs whose aim is to topple the Museveni regime and replace it with governance based on the

1203:

and Sudan. Small-scale attacks continued daily, displacing large numbers of people and worsening an ongoing

4113:"Thou shalt not smoke: Content and context in the Lord's Resistance Army's concept of the Ten Commandments" 3015: 1859: 1625: 1564:

In July 2011, South Sudan seceded from Sudan, cutting the LRA off geopolitically from its former allies in

1500: 382: 4573:"Warlord found guilty of crimes against humanity in northern Uganda, a 'significant milestone' - Guterres" 3678: 3465: 2357: 2256: 1953: 5781: 5736: 5519: 5272: 5201: 4470: 3724:

Report of the Parliamentary Committee on Defence and Internal Affairs on the War in Northern Uganda, 1997

3334: 2594: 2503: 937: 933: 917: 80: 5025: 4464:"Statement by the Chief Prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo on the confirmation of the death of Raska Lukwiya" 2854: 2387: 1609:, the United States declared the Lord's Resistance Army to be a terrorist group. On 28 August 2008, the 964:, Sudan, between the government of Uganda and the LRA, mediated by the south Sudanese separatist leader 2876: 2761:

Accord magazine: Protracted conflict, elusive peace: Initiatives to end the violence in northern Uganda

2681: 1470: 1413:'s ten commandments" were false. In the same speech, Obita also claimed that the LRA's objectives are: 1361: 780:

soldiers from the Black Battalion whom he managed to recruit. They then launched a raid on the city of

4398: 3279: 988: 936:(IDP) camps in northern Uganda. These camps had some of the highest mortality rates in the world. The 765:

oil as protection from bullets, never take cover or retreat in battle, and never kill snakes or bees.

638: 2957: 2817: 1884: 1628:

to provide assistance financially and logistically to the Ugandan government during the unsuccessful

4834: 4071:." Unpublished Dissertation. Department of Psychology, University Fribourg (Switzerland) 2009, p. 10 2458:"Statement on the Designation of 39 Organizations on the USA PATRIOT Act's Terrorist Exclusion List" 5611: 5218: 4176: 2934: 1576: 1459: 1434: 1406: 1200: 1143: 1059: 1018: 957: 800: 737: 678: 613: 605: 471: 372: 5297: 5202:

Survey of War Affected Youth (SWAY): Research & Programs for Youth in Armed Conflict in Uganda

1341:. Protection of the Acholi population was of particular concern because of the genuine reality of 776:

moved beyond his home village of Odek on 1 April 1987. A few days later, he met a group of former

1690: 1585: 1330:. Although the LRA has been regarded primarily as a Christian militia, the LRA reportedly evokes 1174: 2145: 5421: 5392: 5174:"A Case for National Reconciliation, Peace, Democracy and Economic Prosperity for All Ugandans" 5160: 2557: 1652: 1613:

sanctioned Joseph Kony as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist under Executive Order 13224 "

1394:"Ten Commandments". One such example is the LRA's commandment given as "Thou shalt not smoke." 972:

area of northern Democratic Republic of Congo that the Ugandan government agreed not to attack.

857: 815:

Starting in the mid-1990s, the LRA was strengthened by military support from the government of

4861:"Fact Sheet: Mitigating and Eliminating the Threat to Civilians by The Lord's Resistance Army" 4338: 695:

Uganda's north and south are politically divided. The south and east are largely inhabited by

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A Case for National Reconciliation, Peace, Democracy and Economic Prosperity for All Ugandans

3901: 3412: 2792: 1418: 1353: 1028: 969: 387: 5267: 1643:, legislation aimed at stopping Joseph Kony and the LRA. The bill passed unanimously in the 1337:

The original aims of the group were more closely aligned with those of its predecessor, the

1290: 5676: 5409: 5364: 3019: 1854: 1719: 1644: 1606: 1367: 1338: 1064: 819:, which was retaliating against Ugandan government support for rebels in what would become 539: 20: 8: 5741: 5415: 4755: 4442: 4051: 3107:"Democratic Republic of the Congo (the): Guatemalan blue helmet deaths stir Congo debate" 1714: 1663: 1478: 1204: 712: 703:

people, who were historically agriculturists. Uganda's north is largely inhabited by the

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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The Hidden War: The Forgotten People, research study report by Afrika Study Center,2003

3186: 2904: 1926: 1709: 1550: 1398: 628: 4378: 3794:. Kibuye, Rwanda: Quaker Network for the Prevention of Violent Conflict. 29 March 2007 3443: 3226: 2748: 5124: 5113: 5095: 5076: 4146: 4112: 3858: 2884: 2689: 876: 861: 704: 632: 391: 5251:

Kony 2012 Video, The Brouhaha, The Long Hunt For A War Criminal, And How We Got Here

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National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy

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Research at UC Berkeley's Human Rights Center Initiative for Vulnerable Populations

5222: 4532: 4250: 4132: 4124: 4047: 4015: 3984: 3616: 3489:"Lord's Resistance Army massacres up to 100 in Congolese village | World news" 3386: 1659: 1658:

On 14 October 2011, Obama announced that he had ordered the deployment of 100 U.S.

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Traditional Ways of Coping with the Consequences of Traumatic Stress in Acholiland

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Joseph Kony 2012: International Criminal Court chief prosecutor supports campaign

3703: 3603: 3583: 3462:"LRA rebels killed 26 in DR Congo in June: UN | Radio Netherlands Worldwide" 3360: 3330: 3286: 3246: 3233: 3197: 2803: 2788: 2768: 2755: 2532: 1866: 1647:

on 11 March 2010, with 65 senators as cosponsors, then passed unanimously in the

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To ensure unity, sovereignty, and economic prosperity beneficial to all Ugandans.

1402: 1309: 1280: 1195:

in the DR Congo. In February 2010, about 100 people were massacred by the LRA in

733: 696: 646: 586: 582: 239: 218: 180: 176: 4511: 4489: 4423: 4359: 3213: 3161: 2717: 2457: 860:. In retaliation, the LRA attacked the refugee camps in northern Uganda and the 5690: 4865: 4696: 4603: 4572: 4083:"Results of a field-based assessment of the civil conflicts in northern Uganda" 4068: 3411: 1811: 1729: 1621: 1572: 1516: 1349: 1238: 1185: 1054: 921: 824: 792: 674: 570: 214: 142:

It is common knowledge that LRA fighters use whatever uniforms they can obtain.

137: 3417:"DR Congo: Lord's Resistance Army Rampage Kills 321 | Human Rights Watch" 1806: 5720: 4082: 3988: 3826:. Nairobi/Brussels: International Crisis Group. 14 April 2004. Archived from 3250: 1682: 1512: 1331: 1249: 1215: 880: 872: 808: 708: 650: 494: 257: 201: 188: 170: 4693:"Obama Administration Asks for Funds to Boost Uganda's Fight Against Rebels" 823:. The LRA fought with the NRA army which led to mass atrocities such as the 5474: 4128: 4020: 4003: 2426: 1636: 1508: 1372: 1272: 902: 658: 522: 165: 5147: 4751: 4169:"The Official presentation of the Lord's Resistance Movement/Army (LRA/M)" 4137: 3827: 2202:"The Wizard of the Nile The Hunt for Africas Most Wanted by Matthew Green" 5582: 5573: 5072: 4896: 4802:"Obama Sending 100 Armed Advisers to Africa to Help Fight Renegade Group" 4780: 3704:"Thomas Kwoyelo: Ugandan Lord's Resistance Army rebel commander on trial" 1991: 1546: 1543: 1504: 1424:

To see an end to gross violation of human rights and dignity of Ugandans.

1327: 1291:

Economic disparity (and/or marginalisation), underdevelopment and poverty

1178: 1166: 1074: 965: 820: 791:. In 1988, after the Holy Spirit Movement was decisively defeated in the 768: 757: 657:

of designated active terrorist groups. It has been accused of widespread

597: 574: 447: 333: 226: 159: 155: 1477:, the LRA was highly organised and equipped with crew-operated weapons, 4038:

Doom, Ruddy; Vlassenroot, Koen (1999). "Kony's Message: A New Koine?".

1539: 1527:

LRA reduced the army's willingness to cooperate in peace negotiations.

1375:

was asked about the LRA's vision of an ideal government. He responded:

750: 670: 666: 624: 510: 5227: 5110:

The night wanderers: Uganda's children and the Lord's Resistance Army.

2257:"The last throes of Uganda's Lord's Resistance Army – DW – 01/24/2022" 2165: 2163: 5261: 5255: 4004:"Uganda and the Lord's Resistance Army: The New Order No One Ordered" 3952:. No. 69. Institute for War & Peace Reporting. 3 July 2006. 2045:"Russian Mercenaries Hunt the African Warlord America Couldn't Catch" 1969:"Russian Mercenaries Hunt the African Warlord America Couldn't Catch" 1581: 1079: 895: 130: 5179: 3106: 1696:

In September 2012, at a ceremony to mark the handover of command in

1485:. In 2001, it was also reported that LRA targets Sudanese refugees. 5327: 5245: 4726:"Obama orders U.S. troops to help chase down African 'army' leader" 4399:"Journeyman Pictures : short films : Meeting Joseph Kony" 2525: 2160: 1641:

Lord's Resistance Army Disarmament and Northern Uganda Recovery Act

1565: 1535: 898: 884: 762: 4633: 2195: 2193: 5698: 5665: 5239: 5125:

How Insurgency Begins: Rebel Group Formation in Uganda and Beyond

2358:"Museveni refuses to hand over rebel leaders to war crimes court" 1838:

Uganda receives 14 former LRA rebel fighters repatriated from CAR

1357: 1257: 1192: 1155: 1147: 941: 788: 700: 482: 3974: 2961: 1503:

issued arrest warrants on 8 July and 27 September 2005, against

1214:

In March 2012, Uganda announced it would head a new four-nation

879:

had been spurned by Kony. In February 2004, the LRA unit led by

5556: 5478: 3357:"Sudanese bishop urges peace talks with Lord's Resistance Army" 3214:

UNHCR visits Congolese towns attacked by Lord's Resistance Army

2841: 2839: 2190: 1734: 1697: 1390: 1268: 1196: 891: 662: 593: 506: 435: 320: 291: 5528:(FLC, formed from the MLC, RCD-N and RCD-ML from 2000 to 2001) 5148:

Population surveys in Northern Uganda during and after the LRA

3919: 3742:

Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development, p.102

2985:"Terrorist Organization Profile: Lord's Resistance Army (LRA)" 2112:"Terrorist Organization Profile: Lord's Resistance Army (LRA)" 912: 5670: 5550: 5283: 2076:"The Lord's Resistance Army in Sudan: A History and Overview" 1686: 1617:", a designation that carries financial and other penalties. 1488: 1410: 1385:

innocent, or whatever. The Ten Commandments carries all this.

1342: 1169:. Also in August 2009, the LRA attacked a Catholic church in 1159: 1146:

at a concert celebration sponsored by the Catholic Church in

887:

IDP camp, killing over 300 people and abducting many others.

836: 828: 816: 796: 601: 346: 301:

Believed to be South Sudan or Central African Republic (2014)

3486: 2836: 5457: 5182:, advocacy group and documentary about LRA's child soldiers 4882: 4551:

Oluka, Benon Herbert and Ssekika, Edward (14 January 2015)

2135: 2133: 1276: 1264: 961: 945: 864:

in southern Sudan, brutally killing hundreds of civilians.

781: 4752:"Obama sends 100 military advisers to fight Africa rebels" 4666:"LRA Disarmament and Northern Uganda Recovery Act of 2009" 3577:

Joseph Kony: African Union brigade to hunt down LRA leader

1427:

To ensure the restoration of peace and security in Uganda.

5092:

The Wizard of the Nile: The Hunt for Africa's Most Wanted

4933:"Alimadi the US is not interested in going after the LRA" 4335:"International Criminal Court : Situation in Uganda" 4204: 3817:"Northern Uganda: Understanding and solving the conflict" 3811: 3809: 3275: 3238: 3075:"Uganda Complex emergency Situation Report #3 09/13/2006" 2931:"Uganda: Joseph Kony's Killing Fields in Northern Region" 2881:

The Wizard of the Nile: The Hunt for Africa's Most Wanted

2686:

The Wizard of the Nile: The Hunt for Africa's Most Wanted

2535:. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1990. p. 4 1885:"Countering the Lord's Resistance Army in Central Africa" 1725:

History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance

1630:

Garamba Offensive, code-named Operation Lightning Thunder

1475:

The Wizard of the Nile: The Hunt for Africa's Most Wanted

1207:

which the UN described as one of the worst in the world.

2130: 5161:

Girl Soldiers – The cost of war in Northern Uganda

2797:

Human rights violations by the National Resistance Army

1191:

during a four-day rampage in the village and region of

5053: 5020: 5018: 4634:

Jeffrey Gettleman and Eric Schmitt (6 February 2009).

3806: 3763:"Kony: What Jason did not tell the Invisible Children" 2500:"Court threatens to block cannibal cult's peace offer" 2485:

Warrant of Arrest unsealed against five LRA Commanders

1992:"LJM rebels capture three LRA members in South Darfur" 1417:

To fight for the immediate restoration of competitive

140:, and one uniform had a red white and blue tricolour. 5752:

Organizations based in Africa designated as terrorist

5207:

Radio France Internationale, LRA Dossier (in English)

4897:"The Lord's Resistance Army : The U.S. Response" 4443:

Regional Government Pays Ugandan Rebels Not to Attack

3617:"Joseph Kony: US doubts LRA rebel leader's surrender" 3191:

DR Congo: LRA Slaughters 620 in 'Christmas Massacres’

2422:"Q&A: Joseph Kony and the Lord's Resistance Army" 2217: 2215: 1405:

administration asserting that the LRA is a "group of

1189:

killed at least 321 civilians and abducted 250 others

5772:

Rebel groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

5242:, Candace Scharsu photographs the victims of the LRA 4790:, 21 November 2011, CRS Report for Congress, Page 10 3926:

Ghana, C. (9 August 2002). "Don't Praise The Lord".

3679:"The last throes of Uganda's Lord's Resistance Army" 3548:"Uganda to head new military force to hunt for Kony" 2279: 2277: 1954:"The last throes of Uganda's Lord's Resistance Army" 1495:

International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda

1253:

Displaced people seek refuge from the LRA in Uganda.

5015: 4629: 4627: 4625: 3016:"Uganda: Nature, structure and ideology of the LRA" 2815: 2451: 2449: 1922:"Uganda Ends Its Hunt for Joseph Kony Empty-Handed" 930:

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

5064: 4800:Shanker, Thom; Gladstone, Rick (14 October 2011). 2905:"When will the remaining 21 Aboke girls be freed?" 2718:"DR Congo rebel massacre of hundreds is uncovered" 2415: 2413: 2224:"Ugandan Rebel Reaches Out to International Court" 2212: 1990:Sudan Tribune, Sudan Tribune (16 September 2010). 852:In March 2002, the NRA, under the new name of the 5757:Military units and formations established in 1987 5219:Crisis briefing on the LRA and violence in Uganda 5176:, outlines and defends the LRA's political views. 5026:"African Union hunts Uganda rebel group – Africa" 4636:"U.S. Aided a Failed Plan to Rout Ugandan Rebels" 4533:LRA commander Dominic Ongwen 'in Ugandan custody' 4461:International Criminal Court (7 November 2006). 3387:"LRA: Ugandan bishop urges negotiated settlement" 3156: 3154: 2933:. Liu Institute for Global Issues. Archived from 2591:"Guatemalan blue helmet deaths stir Congo debate" 2482:International Criminal Court (14 October 2005). 2351: 2349: 2324:"Christian Rebels Wage a War of Terror in Uganda" 2274: 2140:Doom, Ruddy; Vlassenroot, Koen (1 January 1999). 825:killing or abduction of several hundred villagers 5718: 4799: 4622: 4353: 3550:. Hindustan Times. 18 March 2012. Archived from 2518: 2455: 2446: 2172:"Christian Cult Killing, Ravaging in New Uganda" 5671:National Union for Total Independence of Angola 5551:National Union for Total Independence of Angola 4781:"The Lord’s Resistance Army: The U.S. Response" 4591: 4562:The Observer, Uganda, retrieved 14 January 2015 4037: 4001: 3676: 3349: 3327:"Christians are 'crucified' in guerrilla raids" 3046:"Killing Every Living Thing: Barlonyo Massacre" 2774: 2410: 2142:"The Lord's Resistance Army in Northern Uganda" 2139: 1655:, asking for money to disarm Kony and the LRA. 1561:identified that the body was that of Odhiambo. 920:(IDP) camps, such as this Labuje IDP camp near 83:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling 5595:Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda 4720: 4718: 3435: 3247:"Uganda: Kony Rebels Kill 400 Congo Villagers" 3151: 2346: 2317: 2315: 1258:Ethnicity, stereotypes, hate, and enemy images 1211:South Sudan and the Central African Republic. 1144:massacred at least 143 people and abducted 180 916:The conflict forced many civilians to live in 16:Christian terrorist multinational organization 5313: 5108:Jagielski, Wojciech and Antonia Lloyd-Jones. 5067:Innocents Lost: When Child Soldiers Go to War 4417: 4225:Innocents Lost: When Child soldiers Go to war 4212:Innocents Lost: When Child soldiers Go to war 3210:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 2955: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2655:Innocents Lost: When Child Soldiers Go to War 2419: 1989: 1693:, killings and lootings by the Ugandan army. 1244: 1114: 5767:Rebel groups in the Central African Republic 5581:(RDR, alleged successor organization to the 5056:The Lord's Resistance Army: Myth and Reality 4993:"UPDF in Kony hunt accused of rape, looting" 4327: 4063: 4061: 3894:California Western International Law Journal 3415:, senior Africa researcher (28 March 2010). 3298: 3280:Congo groups: 400 massacred on Christmas day 1894:. Institute for National Strategic Studies. 1154:, at least 80 were killed in Batande, 48 in 637: 4715: 4542:BBC News, Africa, Retrieved 14 January 2015 4436: 3609: 3571: 3569: 3487:Associated Press in Niangara (2 May 2010). 2791:(PDF), US Embassy Kampala, March 1997, and 2312: 1804: 5320: 5306: 4963:"Senior LRA commander killed, says Uganda" 4600:"Obama Sends Troops Against Uganda Rebels" 4240:Refuge, Vol 17, No 3. Retrieved 4 May 2012 4117:HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 3645: 2928: 2736: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2497: 2144:. Afraf.oxfordjournals.org. Archived from 2070: 2068: 2066: 2018:"Centrafrique: attaque de la LRA, 5 morts" 1489:International Criminal Court investigation 1121: 1107: 19:"LRA" redirects here. For other uses, see 5579:Rassemblement Démocratique pour le Rwanda 5192:Human Security in Northern Uganda project 5188:, Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre 4691:Kavanagh, Michael J. (25 November 2010). 4503: 4372: 4136: 4058: 4019: 3606:Daily Monitor, Retrieved 26 December 2012 867:By 2004, according to the UPDF spokesman 653:, but it has since been removed from the 107:Learn how and when to remove this message 5273:"Slaves: Human Bondage In Today's World" 4690: 4597: 4455: 4305:"Uganda: SPLA Recruits in Ugandan Camps" 3566: 3219: 3069: 3067: 2816:Elizabeth Dickinson (14 December 2010). 2476: 2321: 2221: 1248: 911: 416:71 (2024) (excluding women and children) 5545:Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement 5510:(RCD-K/ML or "RCD-Wamba", created 1999) 5112:(2012). New York: Seven Stories Press. 4835:"Lawfare " Human Rights Watch Responds" 4302: 4238:The Path to Genocide in Northern Uganda 4080: 4074: 3760: 2869: 2749:"LRA / Government negotiations 1993–94" 2702: 2669: 2620:"US troops to help Uganda fight rebels" 2502:. Royal African Society. Archived from 2355: 2322:McKinley, James C. Jr. (5 March 1997). 2174:. Community.seattletimes.nwsource.com. 2063: 1919: 1882: 1860:UGAND-SUDAN: Ri-Kwangba: meeting point 1299: 1184:In December 2009, the LRA forces under 219: 181: 5719: 5198:(extensive links from before mid-2004) 5131: 5062: 5054:Allen, Tim; Vlassenroot, Koen (2010). 5003:from the original on 10 September 2013 4832: 4728:. CNN. 14 October 2011. Archived from 4405:from the original on 27 September 2011 4230: 4110: 3854:"Cult Killing, Ravaging in New Uganda" 3648:"1200 LRA Fighters Set To Defect – UN" 3499:from the original on 14 September 2013 3244: 3010: 3008: 3006: 2622:. Al Jazeera English. 4 October 2011. 2283: 2169: 2042: 1966: 1878: 1876: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1615:Specially Designated Global Terrorists 1595: 1142:During the Christmas of 2008, the LRA 5787:Christianity and religious syncretism 5508:RCD-Kisangani/Mouvement de Libération 5487:(faction of RCD-Goma created in 2002) 5301: 5089: 4873:from the original on 16 February 2017 4481: 4160: 4033: 4031: 3925: 3780: 3627:from the original on 21 November 2018 3542: 3540: 3525:from the original on 16 February 2013 3511: 3464:. Rnw.nl. 6 July 2011. Archived from 3441: 3307:from the original on 7 September 2013 3203: 3064: 3026:from the original on 19 November 2008 2875: 2715: 2680: 2614: 2612: 2585: 2583: 2568:from the original on 10 November 2016 2552: 2550: 2434:from the original on 10 February 2018 2388:"Profile: The Lord's Resistance Army" 2251: 2249: 2043:Bishop, Mac William (27 April 2024). 1967:Bishop, Mac William (27 April 2024). 1624:personally signed a directive to the 1313:was needed to resolve this conflict. 5624:Nationalist and Integrationist Front 5502:Movement for the Liberation of Congo 5032:from the original on 20 January 2013 4973:from the original on 8 December 2013 4913:from the original on 12 October 2017 4841:from the original on 16 January 2013 4833:Wittes, Benjamin (26 October 2010). 4814:from the original on 15 October 2011 4610:from the original on 18 October 2011 4052:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a008002 3884: 3866:from the original on 2 November 2017 3658:from the original on 2 December 2013 3393:from the original on 22 January 2011 3367:from the original on 22 January 2011 2688:. Portobello Books. pp. 40–41. 2626:from the original on 15 October 2011 2456:Philip T. Reeker (6 December 2001). 2368:from the original on 2 February 2017 2199: 2178:from the original on 2 November 2017 1819:from the original on 4 February 2019 1786:from the original on 4 February 2019 1760:from the original on 4 February 2019 749:civilian resistance movement led by 732:In 1986, the armed rebellion led by 519:Union of Democratic Forces for Unity 63: 27: 5157:, UC Berkeley and Tulane University 4315:from the original on 1 January 2003 4303:Mugeere, Anthony (16 August 2001). 3677:Antonio Cascais (24 January 2022). 3639: 3379: 3162:"Uganda to continue Congo LRA hunt" 3003: 2724:from the original on 8 January 2014 1934:from the original on 7 January 2018 1873: 1843: 13: 5294:, and victims; narrated in English 5047: 4762:from the original on 14 April 2012 4703:from the original on 10 March 2012 4598:Capaccio, Tony (14 October 2011). 4512:Ugandan LRA rebel deputy 'killed' 4261:from the original on 6 August 2017 4028: 3851: 3761:Mamdani, Mahmood (13 March 2012). 3537: 3444:"'Fresh LRA massacre' in DR Congo" 3423:from the original on 10 March 2013 3257:from the original on 30 April 2010 3245:Mukasa, Henry (30 December 2008). 3168:from the original on 10 March 2009 3139:from the original on 9 August 2014 3113:from the original on 19 March 2012 3109:. Reliefweb.int. 31 January 2006. 2824:from the original on 10 March 2012 2609: 2580: 2547: 2398:from the original on 15 March 2012 2246: 1956:. Deutsche Welle. 24 January 2022. 1580:him guilty of 61 crimes including 1199:, near DR Congo's border with the 842:1996 Ugandan presidential election 14: 5808: 5747:Christian new religious movements 5589:Army for the Liberation of Rwanda 5284:Deutsche Welle television program 5141: 5136:. University of California Press. 4943:from the original on 2 March 2013 4646:from the original on 9 March 2012 4360:Court moves against Uganda rebels 4251:"Uganda: 'Sudan supporting Kony'" 4166: 4111:Holter, Knut (28 February 2019). 3956:from the original on 17 July 2012 3597:Khartoum aiding Kony rebels again 2982: 2853:. 14 October 2008. Archived from 2464:from the original on 8 April 2015 2334:from the original on 25 June 2017 2092:from the original on 9 March 2016 1780:"Lord's Resistance Army (Uganda)" 1754:"Lord's Resistance Army (Uganda)" 1620:In November 2008, U.S. President 1611:United States Department of State 691:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 5797:Factions of the Second Congo War 5591:(ALiR, successor to RDR in 1997) 4985: 4955: 4925: 4889: 4853: 4826: 4793: 4774: 4744: 4684: 4658: 4565: 4545: 4525: 4452:, Human Rights News, 3 June 2006 4424:Interpol push for Uganda arrests 4391: 3289:". Retrieved on 4 January 2009. 3227:Ugandan LRA 'in church massacre' 3135:. Irinnews.org. 29 August 2005. 2883:. Portobello Books. p. 56. 2356:McGreal, Chris (13 March 2008). 2234:from the original on 7 July 2017 2222:Boustany, Nora (19 March 2008). 2200:Lamb, Christina (2 March 2008). 2024:. LE Figaro. AFP. 6 October 2010 1901:from the original on 8 June 2014 1676: 1600: 1177:, with reports of victims being 987: 951: 907:Democratic Republic of the Congo 778:Uganda National Liberation Front 610:Democratic Republic of the Congo 592:The group is active in northern 499: 487: 476: 464: 460:Democratic Republic of the Congo 452: 440: 428: 365: 360:Democratic Republic of the Congo 352: 339: 326: 313: 261: 169: 129: 68: 32: 5460:(Rwanda-Uganda backed alliance) 5170:, Women News Network – WNN 4490:Uganda's LRA confirm Otti death 4379:Ugandans welcome rebel overture 4296: 4273: 4243: 4217: 4191: 4104: 4081:Gersony, Robert (August 1997). 3995: 3968: 3938: 3878: 3845: 3754: 3745: 3736: 3727: 3718: 3696: 3670: 3595:Butagiro, Tabu (30 April 2012) 3589: 3586:, guardian.co.uk, 24 March 2012 3480: 3454: 3405: 3319: 3299:Owen Bowcott (31 August 2009). 3292: 3269: 3180: 3125: 3099: 3038: 2976: 2956:James Kilford (29 April 2002). 2949: 2922: 2897: 2809: 2716:Plaut, Martin (28 March 2010). 2660: 2647: 2638: 2538: 2491: 2380: 2284:Fraser, Ben (14 October 2008). 2104: 2036: 2010: 1983: 1920:Baddorf, Zack (20 April 2017). 545:Uganda People's Democratic Army 515:Liberation and Justice Movement 5677:White Legion (First Congo War) 5196:University of British Columbia 4337:. 23 June 2007. Archived from 4175:. Kacoke Madit. Archived from 4090:The anguish of northern Uganda 3216:".Retrieved on 7 January 2009. 2958:"Enforced Ugandan cannibalism" 2847:"Slain Aboke girls remembered" 2420:Julian Borger (8 March 2012). 1960: 1946: 1913: 1831: 1798: 1772: 1746: 1467:Sudan People's Liberation Army 833:kidnapping of 139 school girls 581:(1986–1994) against President 1: 5732:Christian terrorism in Africa 5464:Rally for Congolese Democracy 5128:. Cambridge University Press. 4487:BBC News (23 January 2008). 3225:BBC News (29 December 2008). 2960:. eTravel.org. Archived from 1805:Ledio Cakaj (13 April 2010). 1740: 854:Uganda People's Defence Force 679:recruitment of child soldiers 633:bound by the Ten Commandments 618:Uganda People's Defence Force 158:(believed to be in hiding in 5526:Front de Libération du Congo 5516:(RCD-N, split from RCD-K/ML) 3887:"Uganda: A Nation In Crisis" 3442:Fessy, Thomas (2 May 2010). 3200:. Retrieved 22 January 2009. 3048:. Scribd.com. Archived from 2558:"The Lord's Resistance Army" 2460:. U.S. Department of State. 2170:Drogin, Bob (1 April 1996). 1883:Le Sage, Andre (July 2011). 1635:In May 2010, U.S. President 1626:United States Africa Command 1555:government of Southern Sudan 1515:, deputy army commander and 1501:International Criminal Court 1139:Kony, who remained elusive. 847: 727: 7: 5762:Rebel groups in South Sudan 5520:Union of Congolese Patriots 4509:BBC News (14 April 2008). 3946:"Uganda: Demystifying Kony" 3521:. Oxfam.org. 28 July 2011. 2296:(21): 41–42. Archived from 2286:"Uganda's aggressive peace" 1703: 1553:reported that the regional 1441: 1316: 1136:Operation Lightning Thunder 934:internally displaced person 918:internally displaced person 871:, mediation efforts by the 10: 5813: 1685:launched an initiative in 1681:On 18 September 2012, the 1538:issued five wanted person 1492: 1362:International Crisis Group 1245:Causes of the LRA conflict 938:Ugandan Ministry of Health 688: 684: 577:. Its origins were in the 569:organization operating in 18: 5707: 5689: 5656: 5647:National Liberation Front 5633: 5604: 5566: 5535: 5494: 5450: 5441: 5402: 5347: 5340: 5132:Singer, Peter W. (2006). 4668:. Resolve. Archived from 4553:Why USA held onto LRA man 4522:. Retrieved 10 June 2008. 4500:. Retrieved 10 June 2008. 4478:. Retrieved 10 June 2008. 3792:Africa, 2007 Consultation 1870:. Retrieved 10 June 2008. 1511:, and the LRA commanders 1407:Christian fundamentalists 1045:War in Uganda (1986–1994) 589:founded the LRA in 1987. 529: 423: 397: 381: 305: 297: 282: 272: 148: 128: 123: 41:This article needs to be 5612:Allied Democratic Forces 5268:An End to Child Soldiers 5233:23 December 2008 at the 4429:19 December 2008 at the 4365:19 December 2008 at the 4092:. Kampala, Uganda: USAID 4002:Frank Van Acker (2004). 3989:10.2979/aft.2008.54.4.70 3602:27 December 2013 at the 3389:. BBC. 19 January 2011. 3232:30 December 2008 at the 3196:28 December 2014 at the 2802:17 November 2004 at the 2787:17 November 2004 at the 2488:. Retrieved 2 June 2009. 2083:Smallarmssurveysudan.org 1865:16 November 2008 at the 1649:House of Representatives 1590:crime of forced marriage 1577:Central African Republic 1435:National Resistance Army 1352:, in a report funded by 1201:Central African Republic 801:National Resistance Army 738:National Resistance Army 645:The LRA was listed as a 614:National Resistance Army 606:Central African Republic 472:Central African Republic 373:Central African Republic 5597:(FDLR, created in 2000) 5212:8 February 2021 at the 5090:Green, Matthew (2008). 5063:Briggs, Jimmie (2005). 4786:1 February 2015 at the 4495:24 January 2016 at the 4433:, BBC News, 2 June 2006 4388:, BBC, 30 November 2005 3788:"Meeting Report: Day 3" 3285:14 October 2012 at the 2987:. START. Archived from 2758:in Okello Lucima, ed., 2531:3 November 2016 at the 2526:Uganda: A Country Study 1586:crimes against humanity 1224:Séléka Coalition rebels 1175:Feast of the Assumption 699:-speakers, such as the 631:in a new Ugandan state 5777:Rebel groups in Uganda 5727:Lord's Resistance Army 5618:Lord's Resistance Army 5553:(UNITA, in Second War) 5504:(MLC, created in 1998) 5361:/ FARDC, after Mobutu) 5278:24 August 2019 at the 5028:. Al Jazeera English. 4129:10.4102/hts.v75i3.4997 3824:ICG Africa Report N°77 2767:6 October 2008 at the 2754:21 August 2008 at the 1387: 1254: 1085:Lord's Resistance Army 925: 858:National Islamic Front 661:violations, including 642: 559:Lord's Resistance Army 124:Lord's Resistance Army 5792:Rebel groups in Sudan 5673:(UNITA, in First War) 4906:. 28 September 2015. 4517:20 April 2008 at the 4369:, BBC, 7 October 2005 4236:Ottonu, Agenga (1998 3900:: 284. Archived from 3582:15 April 2017 at the 3413:Anneke Van Woudenberg 3278:(30 December 2008). " 3164:. BBC. 5 March 2009. 2793:Amnesty International 1469:(SPLA). According to 1419:multi-party democracy 1377: 1354:United States Embassy 1252: 970:Garamba National Park 915: 641: 629:multi-party democracy 388:Christian nationalism 5367:(FAA, in Second War) 5328:Armed groups in the 5122:Lewis, Janet. 2020. 5094:. Portobello Books. 4939:. 26 February 2013. 4558:30 June 2015 at the 4476:on 17 December 2008. 4067:Harlacher, Thomas. " 4021:10.1093/afraf/adh044 3652:Uganda Radio Network 3623:. 21 November 2013. 3303:. London: Guardian. 3212:(6 January 2009). " 3022:. 23 February 2007. 2747:O’Kadameri, Billie. 2524:Rita M. Byrnes, ed. 1720:Global Night Commute 1639:signed into law the 1607:11 September attacks 1339:Holy Spirit Movement 1300:Contributing factors 1065:Holy Spirit Movement 958:a series of meetings 928:According to the UN 795:and Lakwena fled to 722:independence in 1962 540:Holy Spirit Movement 21:LRA (disambiguation) 5657:Government-aligned, 5412:(FAA, in First War) 5166:23 May 2012 at the 5153:17 May 2014 at the 4837:. Lawfareblog.com. 4758:. 15 October 2011. 4538:1 June 2018 at the 4448:7 June 2008 at the 4384:27 May 2006 at the 4285:26 May 2018 at the 4227:, 2005, p. 109-110. 4214:, 2005, p. 105-144. 3928:Africa Confidential 3189:(17 January 2009). 3052:on 29 November 2014 2857:on 31 December 2023 2818:"WikiFailed States" 2300:on 18 February 2011 2228:The Washington Post 1715:Christian terrorism 1664:Army Special Forces 1596:Foreign involvement 1205:humanitarian crisis 1060:Christmas massacres 713:Uganda Protectorate 567:Christian extremist 306:Active regions 286:Establishment of a 5782:Religion in Uganda 5737:Child sexual abuse 5246:LRA Crisis Tracker 5240:CandaceScharsu.com 5180:Invisible Children 4807:The New York Times 4732:on 27 October 2011 4640:The New York Times 4531:(14 January 2015) 4197:Singer, Peter W., 3337:on 19 October 2011 3187:Human Rights Watch 3087:on 30 October 2011 2991:on 22 October 2011 2820:. Foreign Policy. 2506:on 21 January 2012 2328:The New York Times 2118:on 22 October 2011 1927:The New York Times 1710:Christian violence 1551:Human Rights Watch 1462:in this conflict. 1399:James Alfred Obita 1255: 926: 643: 579:Ugandan insurgency 525:(since April 2024) 274:Dates of operation 87:You can assist by 5714: 5713: 5685: 5684: 5437: 5436: 5334:Second Congo Wars 5292:Matthew Brubacher 5101:978-1-84627-030-7 5082:978-0-465-00798-1 4883:National Archives 4869:. 23 April 2012. 4579:. 4 February 2021 4401:. Journeyman.tv. 4257:. 30 April 2012. 3859:The Seattle Times 3767:www.aljazeera.com 3706:. 19 January 2024 2890:978-1-84627-031-4 2780:Gersony, Robert. 2695:978-1-84627-031-4 2148:on 15 August 2010 1807:"On LRA Uniforms" 1660:military advisors 1571:In January 2015, 1308:In 2012, scholar 1131: 1130: 1070:ICC investigation 1024:Garamba offensive 979:Lord's Resistance 877:Pope John Paul II 862:Eastern Equatoria 675:child sex slavery 555: 554: 483:U.N. Peacekeepers 392:Dominion theology 117: 116: 109: 62: 61: 5804: 5536:Anti-government, 5448: 5447: 5359:Mobuto Sese Seko 5345: 5344: 5322: 5315: 5308: 5299: 5298: 5223:Reuters AlertNet 5137: 5105: 5086: 5070: 5059: 5058:. Zed Books Ltd. 5042: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5022: 5013: 5012: 5010: 5008: 4999:. 2 March 2012. 4989: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4959: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4912: 4901: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4880: 4878: 4857: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4830: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4797: 4791: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4722: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4688: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4631: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4569: 4563: 4549: 4543: 4529: 4523: 4507: 4501: 4485: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4469:. 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The next day, 1534:On 2 June 2006, 1483:satellite phones 1382:Ten Commandments 1324:personality cult 1171:Ezo, South Sudan 1123: 1116: 1109: 1090:Makombo massacre 1050:Aboke abductions 1037:Related articles 1029:Haute-Kotto raid 996:Conflict history 991: 975: 974: 869:Shaban Bantariza 831:in 1995 and the 742:Ugandan Bush War 533:Preceded by 505: 503: 502: 493: 491: 490: 481: 480: 479: 470: 468: 467: 458: 456: 455: 446: 444: 443: 434: 432: 431: 413:200−1,000 (2022) 404:500−3,000 (2007) 371: 369: 368: 358: 356: 355: 345: 343: 342: 332: 330: 329: 319: 317: 316: 288:theocratic state 275: 265: 253: 235: 221: 210: 197: 183: 173: 143: 133: 121: 120: 112: 105: 101: 98: 92: 72: 71: 64: 57: 54: 48: 36: 35: 28: 5812: 5811: 5807: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5802: 5801: 5717: 5716: 5715: 5710: 5703: 5681: 5658: 5652: 5629: 5600: 5562: 5537: 5531: 5490: 5443: 5433: 5403:Anti-government 5398: 5341:National armies 5336: 5326: 5280:Wayback Machine 5264:(24 April 2012) 5258:(25 April 2012) 5235:Wayback Machine 5214:Wayback Machine 5168:Wayback Machine 5155:Wayback Machine 5144: 5134:Children at War 5102: 5083: 5050: 5048:Further reading 5045: 5035: 5033: 5024: 5023: 5016: 5006: 5004: 4991: 4990: 4986: 4976: 4974: 4961: 4960: 4956: 4946: 4944: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4916: 4914: 4910: 4899: 4895: 4894: 4890: 4876: 4874: 4859: 4858: 4854: 4844: 4842: 4831: 4827: 4817: 4815: 4798: 4794: 4788:Wayback Machine 4779: 4775: 4765: 4763: 4750: 4749: 4745: 4735: 4733: 4724: 4723: 4716: 4706: 4704: 4689: 4685: 4675: 4673: 4672:on 28 July 2011 4664: 4663: 4659: 4649: 4647: 4632: 4623: 4613: 4611: 4596: 4592: 4582: 4580: 4571: 4570: 4566: 4560:Wayback Machine 4550: 4546: 4540:Wayback Machine 4530: 4526: 4519:Wayback Machine 4508: 4504: 4497:Wayback Machine 4486: 4482: 4473: 4466: 4462: 4460: 4456: 4450:Wayback Machine 4441: 4437: 4431:Wayback Machine 4422: 4418: 4408: 4406: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4386:Wayback Machine 4377: 4373: 4367:Wayback Machine 4358: 4354: 4344: 4342: 4341:on 23 June 2007 4333: 4332: 4328: 4318: 4316: 4301: 4297: 4293:, 12 March 2012 4287:Wayback Machine 4278: 4274: 4264: 4262: 4249: 4248: 4244: 4235: 4231: 4222: 4218: 4209: 4205: 4199:Children at War 4196: 4192: 4182: 4180: 4165: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4109: 4105: 4095: 4093: 4085: 4079: 4075: 4066: 4059: 4040:African Affairs 4036: 4029: 4008:African Affairs 4000: 3996: 3973: 3969: 3959: 3957: 3944: 3943: 3939: 3924: 3920: 3910: 3908: 3904: 3889: 3883: 3879: 3869: 3867: 3850: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3830: 3819: 3815: 3814: 3807: 3797: 3795: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3771: 3769: 3759: 3755: 3750: 3746: 3741: 3737: 3732: 3728: 3723: 3719: 3709: 3707: 3702: 3701: 3697: 3687: 3685: 3675: 3671: 3661: 3659: 3644: 3640: 3630: 3628: 3615: 3614: 3610: 3604:Wayback Machine 3594: 3590: 3584:Wayback Machine 3574: 3567: 3557: 3555: 3554:on 11 June 2012 3546: 3545: 3538: 3528: 3526: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3502: 3500: 3485: 3481: 3471: 3469: 3468:on 7 April 2013 3460: 3459: 3455: 3440: 3436: 3426: 3424: 3410: 3406: 3396: 3394: 3385: 3384: 3380: 3370: 3368: 3361:Catholic Herald 3355: 3354: 3350: 3340: 3338: 3331:Catholic Herald 3325: 3324: 3320: 3310: 3308: 3297: 3293: 3287:Wayback Machine 3274: 3270: 3260: 3258: 3243: 3239: 3234:Wayback Machine 3224: 3220: 3208: 3204: 3198:Wayback Machine 3185: 3181: 3171: 3169: 3160: 3159: 3152: 3142: 3140: 3131: 3130: 3126: 3116: 3114: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3090: 3088: 3084: 3077: 3073: 3072: 3065: 3055: 3053: 3044: 3043: 3039: 3029: 3027: 3014: 3013: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2981: 2977: 2967: 2965: 2954: 2950: 2940: 2938: 2927: 2923: 2913: 2911: 2903: 2902: 2898: 2891: 2874: 2870: 2860: 2858: 2845: 2844: 2837: 2827: 2825: 2814: 2810: 2804:Wayback Machine 2789:Wayback Machine 2779: 2775: 2769:Wayback Machine 2756:Wayback Machine 2746: 2737: 2727: 2725: 2714: 2703: 2696: 2679: 2670: 2665: 2661: 2657:, 2005, p. 113. 2652: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2629: 2627: 2618: 2617: 2610: 2600: 2598: 2597:on 16 June 2008 2589: 2588: 2581: 2571: 2569: 2562:Warchild.org.uk 2556: 2555: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2533:Wayback Machine 2523: 2519: 2509: 2507: 2496: 2492: 2481: 2477: 2467: 2465: 2454: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2418: 2411: 2401: 2399: 2386: 2385: 2381: 2371: 2369: 2354: 2347: 2337: 2335: 2320: 2313: 2303: 2301: 2282: 2275: 2265: 2263: 2255: 2254: 2247: 2237: 2235: 2220: 2213: 2198: 2191: 2181: 2179: 2168: 2161: 2151: 2149: 2138: 2131: 2121: 2119: 2110: 2109: 2105: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2078: 2074: 2073: 2064: 2054: 2052: 2051:. 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Rolling Stone 1965: 1961: 1952: 1951: 1947: 1937: 1935: 1918: 1914: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1892:Strategic Forum 1887: 1881: 1874: 1867:Wayback Machine 1857:(2 June 2007). 1853: 1844: 1836: 1832: 1822: 1820: 1803: 1799: 1789: 1787: 1778: 1777: 1773: 1763: 1761: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1706: 1679: 1603: 1598: 1497: 1491: 1452:Crispus Kiyonga 1444: 1326:of its leader, 1319: 1310:Mahmood Mamdani 1302: 1293: 1260: 1247: 1127: 981:Army insurgency 980: 954: 850: 734:Yoweri Museveni 730: 693: 687: 647:terrorist group 587:Joseph Rao Kony 585:, during which 583:Yoweri Museveni 551: 550: 549: 535: 521: 517: 513: 509: 500: 498: 497: 488: 486: 485: 477: 475: 474: 465: 463: 462: 453: 451: 450: 441: 439: 438: 429: 427: 419: 390: 377: 366: 364: 353: 351: 340: 338: 327: 325: 314: 312: 273: 268: 249: 240:Alphonse Lamola 231: 206: 193: 177:Caesar Achellam 144: 141: 113: 102: 96: 93: 86: 73: 69: 58: 52: 49: 46: 37: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5810: 5800: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5712: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5701: 5695: 5693: 5691:United Nations 5687: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5668: 5662: 5660: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5650: 5644: 5637: 5635: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5627: 5621: 5615: 5608: 5606: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5598: 5592: 5586: 5576: 5570: 5568: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5560: 5554: 5548: 5541: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5529: 5523: 5517: 5511: 5505: 5498: 5496: 5495:Uganda-aligned 5492: 5491: 5489: 5488: 5482: 5481:in South Kivu) 5472: 5467: 5461: 5454: 5452: 5451:Rwanda-aligned 5445: 5439: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5431: 5425: 5419: 5413: 5406: 5404: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5396: 5390: 5385: 5379: 5374: 5368: 5362: 5351: 5349: 5348:Pro-government 5342: 5338: 5337: 5325: 5324: 5317: 5310: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5288:Caesar Acellam 5270: 5265: 5259: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5237: 5225: 5216: 5204: 5199: 5189: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5158: 5143: 5142:External links 5140: 5139: 5138: 5129: 5120: 5106: 5100: 5087: 5081: 5060: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5043: 5014: 4984: 4954: 4924: 4888: 4866:whitehouse.gov 4852: 4825: 4792: 4773: 4743: 4714: 4683: 4657: 4621: 4604:Bloomberg News 4590: 4564: 4544: 4524: 4502: 4480: 4454: 4435: 4416: 4390: 4371: 4352: 4326: 4295: 4272: 4242: 4229: 4216: 4203: 4190: 4167:Obita, James. 4159: 4138:10019.1/106452 4103: 4073: 4057: 4027: 3994: 3967: 3937: 3918: 3877: 3844: 3805: 3779: 3753: 3744: 3735: 3726: 3717: 3695: 3683:Deutsche Welle 3669: 3638: 3608: 3588: 3565: 3536: 3510: 3479: 3453: 3434: 3404: 3378: 3348: 3318: 3291: 3268: 3237: 3218: 3202: 3179: 3150: 3124: 3098: 3063: 3037: 3002: 2975: 2964:on 7 July 2012 2948: 2921: 2896: 2889: 2877:Green, Matthew 2868: 2835: 2808: 2773: 2735: 2701: 2694: 2682:Green, Matthew 2668: 2659: 2646: 2637: 2608: 2579: 2546: 2537: 2517: 2490: 2475: 2445: 2409: 2379: 2345: 2311: 2273: 2245: 2211: 2189: 2159: 2129: 2103: 2062: 2035: 2009: 1982: 1959: 1945: 1912: 1872: 1842: 1840:, 23 July 2023 1830: 1812:Enough Project 1797: 1771: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1732: 1730:Resolve Uganda 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1705: 1702: 1678: 1675: 1622:George W. Bush 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1573:Dominic Ongwen 1517:Dominic Ongwen 1493:Main article: 1490: 1487: 1460:child soldiers 1443: 1440: 1439: 1438: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1350:Robert Gersony 1318: 1315: 1301: 1298: 1292: 1289: 1259: 1256: 1246: 1243: 1239:Thomas Kwoyelo 1186:Dominic Ongwen 1129: 1128: 1126: 1125: 1118: 1111: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1055:Atiak massacre 1052: 1047: 1039: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 998: 997: 993: 992: 984: 983: 956:In 2006–2008, 953: 950: 922:Kitgum, Uganda 849: 846: 793:Jinja District 740:(NRA) won the 729: 726: 689:Main article: 686: 683: 571:Central Africa 553: 552: 548: 547: 542: 536: 531: 530: 527: 526: 425: 421: 420: 418: 417: 414: 411: 408: 407:300−400 (2011) 405: 401: 399: 395: 394: 385: 379: 378: 376: 375: 362: 349: 336: 323: 309: 307: 303: 302: 299: 295: 294: 284: 280: 279: 276: 270: 269: 267: 266: 255: 245:Nixman Oryanga 242: 237: 224: 215:Dominic Ongwen 212: 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