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467:, who had helped Albertson locate Johnson. Snowden had been the original bandleader of the Washingtonians, which Ellington took over after Snowden vacated the position and made into the famous Ellington orchestra. There followed a Chicago engagement for Johnson at the Playboy Club. This succession of events placed him back on the music scene at a fortuitous time: young audiences were embracing folk music, and many veteran performers were stepping out of obscurity. Johnson was reunited with Duke Ellington and appeared as a guest at an all-star folk concert.
291:. He played on the sides "I'm Not Rough", "Savoy Blues", and "Hotter Than That". The most famous of the three sides, "Hotter than That," encompassed the New Orleans traditions of polymetric tension, scar, dialogue, collective improvisation, and timbral diversity. In an unusual move, Johnson was invited to sit in with many OKeh jazz groups. In 1928, he recorded "Hot and Bothered", "Move Over", and "The Mooche" with
316:, with whom he teamed in 1929. Much of Johnson's music featured experimental improvisations that would now be categorized as jazz rather than blues. According to the blues historian Gérard Herzhaft, Johnson was "undeniably the creator of the guitar solo played note by note with a pick, which has become the standard in jazz, blues, country, and rock". Johnson's style reached both the
554:
in
Toronto by his friends and fellow musicians, but his family members insisted on transferring the body to Philadelphia where he was buried. He was "virtually broke." The Killer Blues Headstone project, a nonprofit organization that places headstones on unmarked graves of blues musicians, purchased
493:
In May 1965, he performed at a club in
Toronto before an audience of four people. Two weeks later, his shows at a different club attracted a larger audience, and Johnson, encouraged by Toronto's relative racial harmony, decided to move to the city. He opened his club, Home of the Blues, on Toronto's
193:
Johnson was born in New
Orleans, Louisiana and raised in a family of musicians. He studied violin, piano and guitar as a child and learned to play various other instruments, including the mandolin, but he concentrated on the guitar throughout his professional career. "There was music all around us,"
333:
Johnson's compositions often depicted the social conditions confronting urban
African Americans ("Racketeers' Blues", "Hard Times Ain't Gone Nowhere", "Fine Booze and Heavy Dues"). In his lyrics he captured the nuances of male-female love relationships in a way that went beyond
623:, Dylan wrote about the performing method he learned from Lonnie Johnson and remarked that Robert Johnson had learned a lot from Lonnie Johnson. Some of Robert Johnson's songs, such as "Malted Milk," are seen as new versions of songs recorded by Lonnie Johnson.
243:
gave her original name as Mary
Williams and stated that her interest in writing and performing blues began when she started helping Lonnie write songs and developed from there. The two never recorded together. They had six children before their divorce in 1932.
238:
As with many other early blues artists, information on Mary
Johnson is often contradictory and confusing. Various online sources give her name before marriage as Mary Smith and state that she began performing in her teens. However, the writer
563:
Johnson's early recordings are the first guitar recordings that display a single-note soloing style with string bending and vibrato. Johnson pioneered this style of guitar playing on records, and his influence is obvious in the playing of
256:. Between 1925 and 1932 he made about 130 recordings for Okeh, many of which sold well (making him one of the most popular OKeh artists). He was called to New York to record with the leading blues singers of the day, including
583:"Tomorrow Night", written by Sam Coslow and Will Grosz. Presley's vocal phrasing mimics Johnson's, and many of Presley's signature vibrato and baritone sounds can be heard in development. "Tomorrow Night" was also recorded by
521:
In March 1969 he was hit by a car while walking on a sidewalk in
Toronto. He was seriously injured, suffering a broken hip and kidney injuries. A benefit concert was held on May 4, 1969, with two dozen acts that included
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for Okeh. He also recorded with a group called the
Chocolate Dandies (in this case, McKinney's Cotton Pickers). He pioneered the guitar solo on the 1927 track "6/88 Glide", and on many of his early recordings he played
431:
with piano accompaniment and background singers, the song bore little resemblance to much of
Johnson's earlier blues and jazz material. The follow-ups "Pleasing You", "So Tired", and "Confused" were also R&B hits.
442:
After returning to the United States, Johnson moved to
Philadelphia. He worked in a steel foundry and as a janitor. In 1959 he was working at the Benjamin Franklin Hotel in Philadelphia when WHAT-FM disc jockey
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described his encounters with Johnson in New York City. "I was lucky to meet Lonnie Johnson at the same club I was working and I must say he greatly influenced me. You can hear it in that first record. I mean
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in 1966, but it was a business failure, and Johnson was fired by the man who became owner. Through the rest of the decade, he recorded, played clubs in Canada, and embarked on several regional tours.
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declared that in the 1920s and 1930s Johnson was best known as a sophisticated and urbane singer rather than an instrumentalist: "Of the forty ads for his records that appeared in the
384:, Johnson used an electric guitar for the first time. He recorded 34 tracks for Bluebird over the next five years, including the hits "He's a Jelly Roll Baker" and "In Love Again".
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361:, Ohio, where he lived for the rest of the decade. There he performed on radio programs and intermittently played with the band backing the singer Putney Dandridge.
513:. He had been featured on several compilation blues albums from Folkways, beginning in the 1960s, but never released a solo album on the label in his lifetime.
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Big Bill Broonzy remembered that "Lonnie told me he was born in New Orleans in 1894..." Source also references 1894 as birth date. Sallis, James (1982).
439:. Johnson's performances are thought to have been received poorly by British audiences; this may have been due to organizational problems with the tour.
312:
giving the instrument new meaning as a jazz voice. He excelled in purely instrumental pieces, some of which he recorded with the white jazz guitarist
197:
In 1917, Johnson joined a revue that toured England, returning home in 1919 to find that all of his family, except his brother James, had died in the
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534:. He never fully recovered from his injuries and suffered what was described as a stroke. He was able to return to the stage for one performance at
435:
In 1952 Johnson toured England. Tony Donegan, a British musician who played on the same bill, paid tribute to Johnson by changing his name to
252:
In 1925, Johnson entered and won a blues contest at the Booker T. Washington Theatre in St. Louis, the prize being a recording contract with
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sentimentalism. His songs displayed an ability to understand the heartaches of others, which Johnson saw as the essence of his blues.
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609:...that's pretty much Lonnie Johnson. I used to watch him every chance I got and sometimes he'd let me play with him. I think he and
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and urban players who would adapt and develop his one-string solos into the modern electric blues style. However, the writer
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There is some dispute over the year of his birth; 1894 is given on his passport. Some other sources give 1889.
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In 1961, Johnson was reunited with his Okeh recording partner Victoria Spivey for another Prestige album,
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chart for seven weeks and reached number 19 on the pop chart with sales of three million copies. A
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he recalled, "and in my family you'd better play something, even if you just banged on a tin can."
1135:"On a Kind of Vacation: Re-examining African American Blues Musicians' Visits to Britain, 1950–58"
223:
In 1925, Johnson married, and his wife, Mary, soon began a blues career of her own, performing as
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and pursuing a recording career from 1929 to 1936. (She is not to be confused with the later
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on February 23, 1970, walking with the aid of a cane, to sing a couple of songs with
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in 1929, Johnson moved to Chicago and recorded for Okeh with the stride pianist
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Welding, Pete; Byron, Toby, eds. (1991). "Conversation with Chris Albertson".
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and is recognized as the first to play an electrically amplified violin.
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between 1926 and 1931, not one even mentioned that he played guitar."
617:, that's my favorite style of guitar playing." In his autobiography,
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In December 1927, Johnson recorded in Chicago as a guest artist with
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The Guitar Players One Instrument and Its Masters in American Music
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Okeh used the images of Louis Armstrong and Johnson in ads for the
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Campbell, Richard, "A Legend of Jazz World, Lonnie Johnson Dies".
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By the late 1930s, he was recording and performing in Chicago for
1051:
Escaping the Delta: Robert Johnson and the Invention of the Blues
172:
singer, guitarist, violinist and songwriter. He was a pioneer of
1222:
Way Down That Lonesome Road: Lonnie Johnson in Toronto 1965–1970
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solos in a style that influenced such future jazz guitarists as
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in 1921, where they performed as a duo. Lonnie also worked on
457:. This was followed by other Prestige albums, including one (
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1029:. New York City: W.W. Norton & Company. p. 284.
1108:(2nd ed.). London: Barrie and Jenkins Ltd. p.
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1004:. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company. p. 216.
1277:
The Inconvenient Lonnie Johnson: Blues, Race, Identity
550:
Johnson died on June 16, 1970. A funeral was held at
981:"Looking Up at Down": The Emergence of Blues Culture
400:After World War II, Johnson made the transition to
164:(February 8, 1899 – June 16, 1970) was an American
1235:"Non-Profit to Help Bluesman with Unmarked Graves"
1101:
579:'s earliest recordings was a version of Johnson's
1241:. Killer Blues Headstone Project. Killerblues.net
1224:. Mercury Press & Teksteditions. pp. 129, 145
247:
1301:
1205:McCracken, Melinda. "Blues Show Turns Them On."
943:Complete Works in Chronological Order, 1929–1936
1192:Rubin, Don. "One of the Best Jazz Shows Ever."
376:, among others. In 1939, during a session for
1072:The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray
572:and virtually all electric blues guitarists.
408:in Cincinnati and having a hit in 1948 with "
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16:American blues and jazz musician (1899–1970)
1430:20th-century African-American male singers
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478:. In 1963 he toured Europe as part of the
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1400:Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five members
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983:. Temple University Press. pp. 259–63.
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712:Blues, Ballads, and Jumpin' Jazz Vol. 2
542:; Johnson received a standing ovation.
486:and others, and recorded an album with
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694:Eddie Lang & Lonnie Johnson Vol. 2
688:Eddie Lang & Lonnie Johnson Vol. 1
965:. Bison Books. University of Nebraska
555:a headstone for Johnson around 2014.
1279:. Penn State University Press, 2022.
1259:Crowe, Cameron (1985). Liner notes,
1177:"Jazzman Johnson Injured in Crash".
1149:
1074:. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 13.
1027:Louis Armstrong: Master of Modernism
1002:Louis Armstrong: Master of Modernism
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509:an anthology of Johnson's music, on
474:, and the two singers performed at
13:
1435:20th-century American male singers
274:Theater Owners Booking Association
14:
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594:In the liner notes for the album
507:The Complete Folkways Recordings,
463:) with the former Ellington boss
1350:African-American jazz guitarists
1345:20th-century American violinists
1340:20th-century American guitarists
1335:Blues musicians from New Orleans
285:Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five
1330:Jazz musicians from New Orleans
1295:1960 interview with Paul Oliver
1290:Discography and brief biography
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867:The Guinness Who's Who of Blues
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21:Lonnie Johnson (disambiguation)
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248:Success in the 1920s and 1930s
220:but never performed with him.
204:He and his brother settled in
1:
1440:20th-century American singers
818:. Delmark.com. Archived from
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357:. In 1932 he moved again, to
1405:American male jazz musicians
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558:
480:American Folk Blues Festival
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77:New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
7:
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737:(Prestige Bluesville, 1962)
714:(Prestige Bluesville, 1990)
678:(Prestige Bluesville, 1962)
670:(Prestige Bluesville, 1962)
664:(Prestige Bluesville, 1961)
656:(Prestige Bluesville, 1960)
648:(Prestige Bluesville, 1960)
287:, paired with the banjoist
216:. He was good friends with
10:
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1211:. February 24, 1970. p. 13
447:located him and produced
272:, a top attraction of the
235:singer of the same name.)
18:
1425:St. Louis blues musicians
1355:American blues guitarists
1320:Guitarists from Louisiana
1263:. Columbia Records. p. 10
1133:Davies, Lawrence (2014).
1100:Murrells, Joseph (1978).
1025:Brothers, Thomas (2014).
1000:Brothers, Thomas (2014).
804:Encyclopedia of the Blues
802:Herzhaft, Gérard (1979).
742:The Queen and Her Knights
516:
125:
117:
109:
95:
81:
64:
54:
49:
37:
30:
1420:Piedmont blues musicians
1380:American male violinists
1375:American male guitarists
1370:American jazz violinists
1365:American jazz guitarists
1104:The Book of Golden Discs
979:Barlow, William (1989).
706:Tears Don't Fall No More
545:
212:and in the orchestra of
44:Johnson in Chicago, 1941
1410:Gennett Records artists
1390:Country blues musicians
1385:Blues revival musicians
1183:. March 14, 1969. p. 26
755:List of blues musicians
718:The Unsung Blues Legend
645:Blues by Lonnie Johnson
450:Blues by Lonnie Johnson
266:Alger "Texas" Alexander
199:1918 influenza epidemic
162:Alonzo "Lonnie" Johnson
1360:American blues singers
1325:Singers from Louisiana
1168:. June 17, 1970. p. 50
1070:Russell, Tony (1997).
961:Sallis, James (1982).
760:List of jazz musicians
420:. The song topped the
397:
268:. He also toured with
121:Guitar, violin, vocals
50:Background information
1395:Jazz-blues guitarists
1220:Miller, Mark (2011).
1137:. allthirteenkeys.com
1049:Wald, Elijah (2004).
902:Giles Oakley (1997).
395:
1415:Okeh Records artists
1196:. May 5, 1969. p. 28
874:. pp. 203–204.
720:(Blues Magnet, 2000)
668:Another Night to Cry
503:Smithsonian Folkways
19:For other uses, see
1270:Relevant literature
872:Guinness Publishing
870:(Second ed.).
653:Blues & Ballads
552:Mount Hope Cemetery
460:Blues & Ballads
341:After touring with
1208:The Globe and Mail
963:The Guitar Players
682:Swingin' the Blues
620:Chronicles, Vol. 1
615:Scrapper Blackwell
455:Bluesville Records
398:
1059:978-0-06-052427-2
1036:978-0-393-06582-4
1011:978-0-393-06582-4
923:978-0-306-80743-5
905:The Devil's Music
816:"Delmark History"
740:Victoria Spivey,
587:and (in 1957) by
380:with the pianist
306:Charlie Christian
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708:(Folkways, 1982)
702:(Folkways, 1982)
607:Corrina, Corrina
566:Django Reinhardt
511:Folkways Records
496:Yorkville Avenue
476:Gerdes Folk City
404:, recording for
402:rhythm and blues
382:Joshua Altheimer
378:Bluebird Records
374:Blind John Davis
355:Peoria, Illinois
351:Great Depression
347:James P. Johnson
327:Chicago Defender
310:Django Reinhardt
298:12-string guitar
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75:February 8, 1899
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822:on June 6, 2018
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731:Victoria Spivey
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696:(Swaggie, 1970)
690:(Swaggie, 1967)
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589:Jerry Lee Lewis
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528:John Lee Hooker
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445:Chris Albertson
396:Johnson in 1960
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370:Roosevelt Sykes
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258:Victoria Spivey
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410:Tomorrow Night
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289:Johnny St. Cyr
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570:T-Bone Walker
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412:" written by
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366:Decca Records
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336:Tin Pan Alley
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1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1239:Killer Blues
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1194:Toronto Star
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1180:Toronto Star
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1165:Toronto Star
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1139:. Retrieved
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862:Colin Larkin
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824:. Retrieved
820:the original
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684:(Xtra, 1966)
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640:(King, 1958)
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585:LaVern Baker
581:blues ballad
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532:Hagood Hardy
520:
506:
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492:
490:in Denmark.
484:Muddy Waters
471:
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429:blues ballad
425:Race Records
421:
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388:Later career
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343:Bessie Smith
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270:Bessie Smith
254:Okeh Records
251:
241:James Sallis
237:
225:Mary Johnson
222:
218:Fate Marable
203:
196:
192:
189:Early career
161:
160:
87:(1970-06-16)
25:
1315:1970 deaths
1310:1899 births
1141:October 10,
912:. pp.
735:Woman Blues
700:Mr. Trouble
661:Losing Game
627:Discography
536:Massey Hall
322:Elijah Wald
178:jazz violin
174:jazz guitar
1304:Categories
844:. Dutton;
826:August 30,
766:References
725:As sideman
675:Idle Hours
488:Otis Spann
472:Idle Hours
418:Will Grosz
414:Sam Coslow
314:Eddie Lang
210:riverboats
148:Bluesville
110:Occupation
71:1899-02-08
56:Birth name
945:: Review"
842:Bluesland
632:As leader
611:Tampa Red
602:Bob Dylan
559:Influence
540:Buddy Guy
505:released
501:In 1993,
422:Billboard
359:Cleveland
281:Defender.
206:St. Louis
184:Biography
1261:Biograph
1245:July 30,
949:AllMusic
749:See also
597:Biograph
260:and the
138:Bluebird
113:Musician
790:. p. 33
575:One of
526:Tyson,
264:singer
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1057:
1033:
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920:
878:
848:
530:, and
517:Injury
233:gospel
126:Labels
96:Genres
914:162/7
546:Death
482:with
166:blues
104:blues
1247:2016
1143:2014
1114:ISBN
1076:ISBN
1055:ISBN
1031:ISBN
1006:ISBN
985:ISBN
918:ISBN
876:ISBN
846:ISBN
828:2015
453:for
416:and
406:King
372:and
308:and
231:and
229:soul
176:and
170:jazz
168:and
143:King
133:Okeh
100:Jazz
82:Died
65:Born
1306::
1237:.
1151:^
1112:.
1110:44
1090:^
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69:(
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