2377:
2383:
116:
143:
2401:
471:
518:) that extended beyond the outer two, the toes of longipterygids were even in length, and attached to the rest of the foot at the same level. This configuration is also seen in some groups of modern birds and is usually considered an adaptation for advanced perching ability. It is likely that longipterygids lived primarily in trees. Previous interpretations of their diet are either
873:
Hartman, Scott; Mortimer, Mickey; Wahl, William R.; Lomax, Dean R.; Lippincott, Jessica; Lovelace, David M. (2019). "A new paravian dinosaur from the Late
Jurassic of North America supports a late acquisition of avian flight". PeerJ. 7: e7247. doi:10.7717/peerj.7247. PMC 6626525. PMID
1121:
O'Connor, Jingmai K.; Wang, Xuri; Chiappe, Luis M.; Gao, Chunling; Meng, Qingjin; Cheng, Xiaodong; Liu, Jinyuan (12 March 2009). "Phylogenetic support for a specialized clade of
Cretaceous enantiornithine birds with information from a new species".
505:
snout (making up over 60% of the total skull length), in which the teeth are restricted to the tips of the jaws. The snouts were straight but slightly concave at a point behind the nostrils, and the bones of the snout tip were solid. Their
1054:
O’Connor, J.; Clark, A.; Herrera, F.; Yang, X.; Wang, X.; Zheng, X.; Hu, H.; Zhou, Z. (2024). "Direct evidence of frugivory in the
Mesozoic bird Longipteryx contradicts morphological proxies for diet".
1199:
Li, Li; Jinqi, Wang; Xi, Zhang; Shilin, Hou (October 2012). "A New
Enantiornithine Bird from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in Jinzhou Area, Western Liaoning Province, China".
965:
Zhou, Ya-Chun; Sullivan, Corwin; Zhou, Zhong-He; Zhang, Fu-Cheng (January 2021). "Evolution of tooth crown shape in
Mesozoic birds, and its adaptive significance with respect to diet".
510:, the series of fused vertebrae in the tail, were unusually large, and longer than the foot bones. The feet of longipterygids were also specialized relative to other
1872:
1923:
1809:
1823:
1492:
1660:
1273:
2151:
2019:
1902:
2158:
1879:
1078:
Zhang, Fucheng; Zhou, Zhonghe; Hou, Lianhai; Gu, Gang (1 June 2001). "Early diversification of birds: Evidence from a new opposite bird".
884:
Morschhauser, E. M.; Varricchio, D.J.; Gao, C.; Liu, J.; Wang, Z.; Cheng, X. & Meng, Q. (2009). "Anatomy of the Early
Cretaceous bird
2540:
1851:
1695:
2481:
1252:
546:
suggested that researchers should be cautious when predicting the diets in extinct taxa based on "untested morphological proxies".
2550:
542:
within two specimens, STM8–86 and STM8–112. The authors of the 2024 study who reported direct evidence of frugivory in
2555:
1002:"Diet of Mesozoic toothed birds (Longipterygidae) inferred from quantitative analysis of extant avian diet proxies"
2376:
1159:"A new ornithuromorph (Aves: Ornithothoraces) bird from the Jehol Group indicative of higher-level diversity"
2382:
142:
1245:
2560:
2545:
2459:
2404:
476:
281:
125:
1349:
130:
2535:
1238:
558:
of enantiornitheans by Zhang and colleagues in 2001. They included only the first known species,
2512:
2421:
930:(Aves: Enantiornithes) and a discussion of intraclade diversity in the Jehol avifauna, China".
852:
494:
1000:
Miller, Case
Vincent; Pittman, Michael; Wang, Xiaoli; Zheng, Xiaoting; Bright, Jen A. (2022).
2507:
2499:
2468:
1403:
1087:
926:
O’Connor, Jingmai K.; Zhou, Zhonghe; Zhang, Fucheng (28 February 2011). "A reappraisal of
8:
1158:
482:
451:
1091:
570:. While Longipterygiformes has never been formally defined, Longipterygidae was given a
1976:
1376:
1216:
1181:
1139:
1103:
1028:
1001:
982:
947:
905:
390:
137:
2494:
1555:
1220:
1212:
1143:
1033:
986:
1185:
1107:
951:
909:
1520:
1208:
1173:
1135:
1131:
1095:
1060:
1023:
1013:
974:
939:
897:
705:
Subsequently, the following cladogram was found in the phylogenetic analysis of Li
593:
below was found in the phylogenetic analysis of O'Connor, Gao and
Chiappe (2010a).
555:
455:
443:
432:
28:
2128:
2074:
2067:
1858:
1759:
1513:
1334:
1318:
978:
943:
883:
563:
515:
511:
436:
320:
853:"A new enantiornithine bird (aves) from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning, China"
2444:
2279:
2204:
2172:
2117:
2096:
2003:
1951:
1795:
1548:
1471:
1449:
1415:
1261:
1018:
804:
787:
672:
488:
380:
350:
242:
1177:
1064:
115:
2529:
2357:
2026:
1985:
1958:
1780:
1618:
1611:
1562:
523:
66:
2350:
2165:
1744:
1716:
1709:
1653:
1583:
1527:
1037:
571:
270:
2453:
2304:
2263:
2240:
2179:
2110:
2089:
2040:
2012:
1992:
1895:
1844:
1787:
1681:
1674:
1646:
1632:
1625:
1597:
1576:
1534:
1388:
901:
851:
Li Li; En-pu Gong; Li-dong Zhang; Ya-jun Yang & Lian-hai Hou (2010).
754:
737:
631:
614:
519:
370:
340:
41:
1053:
2486:
2293:
2286:
2213:
2144:
2137:
1937:
1802:
1773:
1730:
1639:
1604:
1569:
1300:
1291:
1099:
850:
539:
535:
470:
200:
86:
51:
514:. Where most enantiornitheans had a long middle toe with a "knuckle" (
2336:
2322:
2271:
2228:
2193:
2103:
2081:
2060:
2033:
1944:
1887:
1837:
1830:
1816:
1751:
1723:
1688:
1667:
1541:
1499:
1485:
1361:
1309:
1157:
O'Connor, Jingmai K.; Gao, Ke-Qin; Chiappe, Luis M. (24 March 2010).
655:
590:
531:
507:
360:
330:
310:
213:
154:
91:
35:
2415:
2438:
2220:
2186:
1930:
1909:
1865:
1766:
1737:
1702:
1590:
1285:
439:
187:
174:
81:
76:
61:
56:
46:
2473:
2343:
2329:
1965:
1916:
1506:
1230:
586:, their most recent common ancestor, and all of its descendants.
226:
96:
71:
574:
definition by O'Connor and colleagues in 2009. They defined the
1279:
459:
164:
575:
502:
447:
297:
1120:
526:, but direct evidence from the gut content showed that
501:
Longipterygids are characterized by an extremely long,
1156:
999:
964:
1114:
376:
366:
356:
346:
336:
326:
316:
306:
277:
925:
921:
919:
2527:
888:, a new species from Liaoning Province, China".
1198:
1333:
1077:
916:
1469:
1246:
1049:
1047:
844:
1071:
534:, as indicated by the discovery of complete
1253:
1239:
1044:
554:The Longipterygidae was first coined as a
114:
1027:
1017:
877:
469:
1201:Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition
2528:
2420:
2419:
1272:
1234:
1150:
450:. All known specimens come from the
932:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
562:, and placed the family in its own
13:
2541:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
1260:
1166:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1124:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
890:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
14:
2572:
549:
474:Reconstructions of the skulls of
2400:
2399:
2381:
2375:
1213:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2012.00729.x
462:age, 125-120 million years ago.
141:
39:
1192:
1136:10.1080/02724634.2009.10010371
993:
958:
867:
465:
1:
2551:Prehistoric dinosaur families
837:
979:10.1016/j.palwor.2020.12.008
944:10.1080/14772019.2010.512614
7:
857:Acta Palaeontologica Sinica
16:Extinct family of dinosaurs
10:
2577:
1019:10.1186/s12915-022-01294-3
2428:
2395:
2373:
2303:
2258:
2239:
2203:
2127:
2050:
2002:
1975:
1480:
1465:
1446:
1414:
1396:
1387:
1369:
1360:
1342:
1329:
1268:
1178:10.1080/02724631003617498
1065:10.1016/j.cub.2024.08.012
801:
784:
777:
751:
734:
727:
720:
669:
652:
645:
628:
611:
604:
560:Longipteryx chaoyangensis
477:Longipteryx chaoyangensis
396:
389:
303:
296:
282:Longipteryx chaoyangensis
276:
269:
138:Scientific classification
136:
126:Longipteryx chaoyangensis
122:
113:
23:
2556:Aptian first appearances
2250:Cau & Arduini, 2008)
1080:Chinese Science Bulletin
131:Hong Kong Science Museum
498:
495:Shanweiniao cooperorum
458:, dating to the early
419:Zhou & Zhang, 2006
411:Zhou & Zhang, 2006
403:Zhou & Zhang, 2006
2508:Paleobiology Database
473:
902:10.1671/039.029.0210
538:seeds and a lack of
1873:Piscivorenantiornis
1092:2001ChSBu..46..945Z
483:Longirostravis hani
452:Jiufotang Formation
123:Fossil specimen of
2561:Aptian extinctions
1977:Iberomesornithidae
1100:10.1007/BF02900473
568:Longipterygiformes
499:
416:Longirostravisidae
408:Longipterygithidae
2523:
2522:
2495:Open Tree of Life
2422:Taxon identifiers
2413:
2412:
2391:
2390:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
1556:Cuspirostrisornis
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1433:
834:
833:
825:
824:
816:
815:
766:
765:
702:
701:
693:
692:
684:
683:
426:
425:
420:
412:
404:
265:
2568:
2546:Cretaceous China
2516:
2515:
2503:
2502:
2490:
2489:
2477:
2476:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2417:
2416:
2403:
2402:
2386:
2385:
2379:
2315:
2314:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2251:
1810:Microenantiornis
1521:Castignovolucris
1478:
1477:
1467:
1466:
1394:
1393:
1367:
1366:
1340:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1270:
1269:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1232:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1207:(5): 1039–1044.
1196:
1190:
1189:
1163:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1051:
1042:
1041:
1031:
1021:
997:
991:
990:
962:
956:
955:
928:Boluochia zhengi
923:
914:
913:
881:
875:
871:
865:
864:
848:
780:
779:
730:
729:
723:
722:
713:
712:
648:
647:
607:
606:
597:
596:
512:enantiornitheans
456:Yixian Formation
444:Early Cretaceous
418:
410:
402:
378:
368:
358:
348:
338:
328:
318:
308:
279:
259:
254:
241:
146:
145:
118:
108:
38:
29:Early Cretaceous
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2511:
2506:
2498:
2493:
2485:
2480:
2472:
2467:
2460:Longipterygidae
2458:
2457:
2452:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2430:Longipterygidae
2424:
2414:
2409:
2387:
2380:
2363:
2308:
2307:
2299:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2235:
2199:
2129:Bohaiornithidae
2123:
2075:Dapingfangornis
2068:Camptodontornis
2052:Longipterygidae
2046:
1998:
1971:
1859:Paraprotopteryx
1824:Monoenantiornis
1760:Largirostrornis
1514:Brevirostruavis
1474:
1453:
1430:
1410:
1383:
1356:
1350:Avemetatarsalia
1335:Avemetatarsalia
1325:
1319:Ornithothoraces
1275:
1274:
1264:
1259:
1229:
1228:
1197:
1193:
1161:
1155:
1151:
1119:
1115:
1086:(11): 945–949.
1076:
1072:
1057:Current Biology
1052:
1045:
998:
994:
963:
959:
924:
917:
882:
878:
872:
868:
849:
845:
840:
835:
826:
817:
767:
717:Longipterygidae
703:
694:
685:
601:Longipterygidae
584:Longisrostravis
552:
468:
437:enantiornithean
429:Longipterygidae
321:Camptodontornis
292:
285:
258:
256:Longipterygidae
252:
239:
140:
109:
107:
106:
105:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
33:
32:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2574:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2536:Longipterygids
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2504:
2491:
2478:
2465:
2450:
2434:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2318:
2316:
2313:Chiappe, 1992)
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2280:Enantiophoenix
2276:
2268:
2259:
2253:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2225:
2217:
2209:
2207:
2205:Gobipterygidae
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2173:Parabohaiornis
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2133:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2118:Shengjingornis
2114:
2107:
2100:
2097:Longirostravis
2093:
2086:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2056:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2008:
2006:
2004:Pengornithidae
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1952:Yuanjiawaornis
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1884:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1796:Longchengornis
1792:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1549:Cruralispennia
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1493:Alethoalaornis
1489:
1481:
1475:
1472:Enantiornithes
1470:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1450:Enantiornithes
1447:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1416:Enantiornithes
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1343:
1337:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1266:
1265:
1262:Enantiornithes
1258:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1235:
1227:
1226:
1191:
1172:(2): 311–321.
1149:
1130:(1): 188–204.
1113:
1070:
1043:
992:
973:(4): 724–736.
957:
915:
896:(2): 545–554.
886:Rapaxavis pani
876:
866:
842:
841:
839:
836:
832:
831:
828:
827:
823:
822:
819:
818:
814:
813:
810:
809:
805:Shengjingornis
800:
797:
796:
793:
792:
788:Longirostravis
783:
778:
776:
773:
772:
769:
768:
764:
763:
760:
759:
750:
747:
746:
743:
742:
733:
728:
726:
721:
719:
711:
700:
699:
696:
695:
691:
690:
687:
686:
682:
681:
678:
677:
673:Longirostravis
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:
651:
646:
644:
641:
640:
637:
636:
627:
624:
623:
620:
619:
610:
605:
603:
595:
551:
550:Classification
548:
489:Rapaxavis pani
467:
464:
424:
423:
422:
421:
413:
405:
394:
393:
387:
386:
385:
384:
381:Shengjingornis
374:
364:
354:
351:Longirostravis
344:
334:
324:
314:
301:
300:
294:
293:
286:
274:
273:
267:
266:
250:
246:
245:
243:Enantiornithes
237:
230:
229:
224:
217:
216:
211:
204:
203:
198:
191:
190:
185:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
134:
133:
120:
119:
111:
110:
102:
101:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
26:
24:Longipterygids
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2573:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2406:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2384:
2378:
2360:
2359:
2358:Soroavisaurus
2355:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2027:Parapengornis
2024:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1986:Iberomesornis
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1959:Yungavolucris
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1781:Liaoningornis
1778:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1619:Eoenantiornis
1616:
1614:
1613:
1612:Eocathayornis
1609:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1563:Dalingheornis
1560:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1452:
1451:
1445:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1048:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
996:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
961:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
922:
920:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
880:
870:
863:(4): 524–531.
862:
858:
854:
847:
843:
830:
829:
821:
820:
812:
811:
808:
807:
806:
799:
798:
795:
794:
791:
790:
789:
782:
781:
775:
774:
771:
770:
762:
761:
758:
757:
756:
749:
748:
745:
744:
741:
740:
739:
732:
731:
725:
724:
718:
715:
714:
710:
708:
698:
697:
689:
688:
680:
679:
676:
675:
674:
667:
666:
663:
662:
659:
658:
657:
650:
649:
643:
642:
639:
638:
635:
634:
633:
626:
625:
622:
621:
618:
617:
616:
609:
608:
602:
599:
598:
594:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
524:insectivorous
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
497:
496:
491:
490:
485:
484:
479:
478:
472:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
438:
434:
430:
417:
414:
409:
406:
401:
398:
397:
395:
392:
388:
383:
382:
375:
373:
372:
365:
363:
362:
355:
353:
352:
345:
343:
342:
335:
333:
332:
325:
323:
322:
315:
313:
312:
305:
304:
302:
299:
295:
290:
284:
283:
275:
272:
268:
263:
257:
251:
248:
247:
244:
238:
235:
232:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
144:
139:
135:
132:
128:
127:
121:
117:
112:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
37:
34:125–120
30:
22:
19:
2429:
2356:
2351:Neuquenornis
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2310:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2247:
2227:
2219:
2212:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2166:Longusunguis
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2051:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
1991:
1984:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1750:
1745:Kizylkumavis
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1717:Ilerdopteryx
1715:
1710:Huoshanornis
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1661:Fortunguavis
1659:
1654:Fortipesavis
1652:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1584:Elektorornis
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1528:Catenoleimus
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1448:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1169:
1165:
1152:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1056:
1009:
1005:
995:
970:
966:
960:
938:(1): 51–63.
935:
931:
927:
893:
889:
885:
879:
869:
860:
856:
846:
803:
802:
786:
785:
753:
752:
736:
735:
716:
706:
704:
671:
670:
654:
653:
630:
629:
613:
612:
600:
588:
583:
579:
572:phylogenetic
567:
559:
553:
543:
527:
500:
493:
487:
481:
475:
428:
427:
415:
407:
399:
379:
369:
359:
349:
339:
329:
319:
309:
288:
280:
271:Type species
261:
255:
233:
220:
207:
194:
181:
124:
18:
2454:Wikispecies
2305:Avisauridae
2264:Bauxitornis
2241:Avisauridae
2180:Shenqiornis
2152:Gretcheniao
2111:Shanweiniao
2090:Longipteryx
2041:Yuanchuavis
2020:Eopengornis
2013:Chiappeavis
1993:Noguerornis
1903:Pterygornis
1896:Protopteryx
1845:Orienantius
1788:Liaoxiornis
1682:Gracilornis
1675:Grabauornis
1647:Flexomornis
1633:Falcatakely
1626:Explorornis
1598:Enantiornis
1577:Elbretornis
1535:Cathayornis
1404:Maniraptora
1389:Maniraptora
1006:BMC Biology
967:Palaeoworld
755:Shanweiniao
738:Longipteryx
632:Shanweiniao
615:Longipteryx
580:Longipteryx
578:to include
544:Longipteryx
540:gastroliths
532:frugivorous
528:Longipteryx
520:piscivorous
466:Description
400:Boluochidae
371:Shanweiniao
341:Longipteryx
2530:Categories
2294:Mystiornis
2287:Halimornis
2214:Gobipteryx
2159:Linyiornis
2145:Bohaiornis
2138:Beiguornis
1938:Xiangornis
1880:Platanavis
1803:Martinavis
1774:Lenesornis
1731:Incolornis
1640:Feitianius
1605:Eoalulavis
1570:Dunhuangia
1425:see below↓
1301:Dinosauria
1292:Sauropsida
1012:(1): 101.
838:References
536:gymnosperm
508:pygostyles
201:Saurischia
188:Dinosauria
2337:Intiornis
2323:Avisaurus
2272:Concornis
2229:Vescornis
2194:Zhouornis
2104:Rapaxavis
2082:Evgenavis
2061:Boluochia
2034:Pengornis
1945:Yatenavis
1924:Shangyang
1888:Praeornis
1852:Otogornis
1838:Nanantius
1831:Musivavis
1817:Mirusavis
1752:Kuszholia
1724:Imparavis
1689:Gurilynia
1668:Gobipipus
1542:Cratoavis
1500:Alexornis
1486:Abavornis
1377:Theropoda
1362:Theropoda
1310:Theropoda
1278:Kingdom:
1221:129497987
1144:196607241
987:234117375
874:31333906.
656:Rapaxavis
591:cladogram
446:epoch of
442:from the
435:of early
361:Rapaxavis
331:Evgenavis
311:Boluochia
214:Theropoda
161:Kingdom:
155:Eukaryota
2474:10513345
2445:Q6673983
2439:Wikidata
2405:Category
2221:Jibeinia
2187:Sulcavis
1931:Sinornis
1910:Qiliania
1866:Parvavis
1767:Lectavis
1738:Junornis
1703:Houornis
1696:Holbotia
1591:Elsornis
1286:Chordata
1284:Phylum:
1280:Animalia
1186:53489175
1108:85215328
1038:35550084
952:84817636
910:84643293
709:(2012):
516:trochlea
440:avialans
391:Synonyms
249:Family:
175:Chordata
171:Phylum:
165:Animalia
151:Domain:
2500:3602821
2487:4843636
2344:Mirarce
2330:Gettyia
1966:Yuornis
1917:Sazavis
1507:Avimaia
1290:Class:
1088:Bibcode
1029:9097364
503:toothed
227:Avialae
103:↓
2513:137359
1219:
1184:
1142:
1106:
1036:
1026:
985:
950:
908:
707:et al.
556:family
460:Aptian
433:family
298:Genera
291:, 2001
289:et al.
287:Zhang
264:, 2001
262:et al.
260:Zhang
2311:sensu
2248:sensu
1315:Clade
1306:Clade
1297:Clade
1217:S2CID
1182:S2CID
1162:(PDF)
1140:S2CID
1104:S2CID
983:S2CID
948:S2CID
906:S2CID
576:clade
564:order
448:China
431:is a
234:Clade
221:Clade
208:Clade
195:Clade
182:Clade
2482:GBIF
1402:see
1375:see
1348:see
1034:PMID
589:The
530:was
492:and
454:and
42:PreꞒ
2469:EoL
1209:doi
1174:doi
1132:doi
1096:doi
1061:doi
1024:PMC
1014:doi
975:doi
940:doi
898:doi
522:or
2532::
2510::
2497::
2484::
2471::
2456::
2441::
1317::
1308::
1299::
1215:.
1205:86
1203:.
1180:.
1170:30
1168:.
1164:.
1138:.
1128:29
1126:.
1102:.
1094:.
1084:46
1082:.
1059:.
1046:^
1032:.
1022:.
1010:20
1008:.
1004:.
981:.
971:30
969:.
946:.
934:.
918:^
904:.
894:29
892:.
861:49
859:.
855:.
582:,
566:,
486:,
480:,
236::
223::
210::
197::
184::
129:,
92:Pg
36:Ma
31:,
2309:(
2275:?
2267:?
2246:(
2232:?
2224:?
2085:?
1891:?
1883:?
1791:?
1755:?
1254:e
1247:t
1240:v
1223:.
1211::
1188:.
1176::
1146:.
1134::
1110:.
1098::
1090::
1067:.
1063::
1040:.
1016::
989:.
977::
954:.
942::
936:9
912:.
900::
377:†
367:†
357:†
347:†
337:†
327:†
317:†
307:†
278:†
253:†
240:†
97:N
87:K
82:J
77:T
72:P
67:C
62:D
57:S
52:O
47:Ꞓ
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