2054:
20:
720:
294:
there are three distinct classes of longevity and anti-aging technologies that are emerging globally, and the ability of each class is clearly apparent in fending off aspects of biological decay. Tier 3, however, reigns supreme in rejuvenation therapies that may make up future pathways to reach
73:
For many years in the past, life expectancy at each age has increased slightly every year as treatment strategies and technologies have improved. At present, more than one year of research is required for each additional year of expected life. Longevity escape velocity occurs when this ratio
440:
I now think there is a 50% chance that we will reach longevity escape velocity by 2036. After that point (the "Methuselarity"), those who regularly receive the latest rejuvenation therapies will never suffer from age-related ill-health at any age - Aubrey de
156:
Ray
Kurzweil predicts that longevity escape velocity will be reached before humanity realizes it. Back in 2018, he predicted that it would be reached in 10–12 years, meaning that the milestone would occur around 2028–2030. In 2024, writing in
58:) is extended longer than the time that is passing. For example, in a given year in which longevity escape velocity would be maintained, medical advances would increase people's remaining life expectancy more than the year that just went by.
477:
167:
would help to simulate biological processes. Aubrey de Grey has also similarly predicted that humanity has a 50 percent chance of reaching longevity escape velocity in the mid-late 2030s.
65:
in physics, which is the minimum speed required for an object to indefinitely move away from a gravitational body despite the gravitational force pulling the object towards the body.
1394:
1414:
77:
Mouse lifespan research has been the most contributive to conclusive evidence on the matter, since mice require only a few years before research results can be concluded.
1419:
1481:
1456:
1521:
1000:
1486:
1346:
1526:
1356:
1351:
1531:
1491:
984:
131:
492:
1574:
1564:
1451:
1471:
1466:
1307:
968:
704:
409:
1886:
1776:
1506:
517:
1431:
1373:
1368:
139:, rather than continuing along at its current pace, more lives will be saved in the future, even if the benefit is not immediately apparent.
1511:
1496:
1461:
1404:
1399:
1341:
135:, after the concept. The last two claim that by putting further pressure on science and medicine to focus research on increasing limits of
74:
reverses, so that life expectancy increases faster than one year per one year of research, as long as that rate of advance is sustainable.
1569:
1559:
1501:
1409:
1549:
1516:
1436:
1424:
1363:
936:
1476:
1242:
659:
1554:
1446:
1441:
1378:
573:
851:
1609:
1336:
876:
1111:
1769:
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1604:
921:
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1254:
911:
734:
201:
750:
609:
1762:
1687:
453:
2004:
1959:
1891:
1614:
566:
941:
861:
1969:
1195:
896:
871:
101:. The concept is also part of the fictional history leading to multi-century youthful lifespans in the
439:
1820:
1237:
1151:
926:
582:
417:
1825:
1804:
1047:
1040:
946:
191:
148:, in 2007. de Grey has also popularized the word "Methuselarity" which describes the same concept.
493:"According to Peter Diamandis and Ray Kurzweil, These Are the Most Dangerous and Disruptive Ideas"
221:
2083:
1104:
1078:
1019:
664:
559:
142:
The idea was even more popularized with the publishing of Aubrey de Grey and
Michael Rae's book,
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2057:
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1634:
1178:
709:
238:
1707:
1161:
1061:
1054:
931:
815:
118:
1924:
2088:
2019:
1860:
1207:
1156:
110:
23:"The first 1000-year-old is probably only ~10 years younger than the first 150-year-old."–
8:
1903:
1876:
1728:
1646:
1272:
1249:
1219:
906:
820:
654:
634:
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604:
376:
94:
31:
1850:
1277:
1097:
976:
280:
253:
343:
316:
2039:
2029:
2009:
1302:
1214:
916:
856:
755:
699:
629:
285:
2034:
1697:
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1190:
886:
775:
338:
328:
275:
265:
225:
181:
2078:
2014:
1984:
1929:
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1202:
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102:
62:
51:
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1944:
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1845:
1733:
1292:
1259:
1229:
1173:
800:
790:
785:
760:
684:
674:
585:
317:"Escape velocity: why the prospect of extreme human life extension matters now"
312:
176:
90:
86:
24:
2072:
1974:
1949:
1840:
1785:
1692:
1651:
1599:
770:
196:
159:
551:
19:
2024:
1989:
1979:
1964:
1939:
1919:
1830:
1297:
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810:
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144:
126:
106:
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1835:
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644:
599:
385:
359:
114:
1881:
1799:
1146:
1033:
866:
694:
270:
136:
254:"Three Tiers to biological escape velocity: The quest to outwit aging"
1999:
1897:
1723:
1702:
1120:
780:
649:
122:
85:
The term "longevity escape velocity" was coined by biogerontologist
1994:
719:
619:
1954:
1136:
881:
163:, Kurzweil revised his prediction to 2029–2035 and explained how
1754:
1128:
624:
1672:
891:
1089:
16:
Increasing remaining life expectancy faster than time passes
518:"Ray Kurzweil on how AI will transform the physical world"
89:
in a 2004 paper, but the concept has been present in the
164:
50:
is a hypothetical situation in which one's remaining
132:Fantastic Voyage: Live Long Enough to Live Forever
61:The term is meant as an analogy to the concept of
2070:
1001:Lifespan: Why We Age – and Why We Don't Have To
705:Strategies for engineered negligible senescence
93:community since at least the 1970s, such as in
1887:Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies
1770:
1105:
581:
567:
245:
307:
305:
303:
490:
1777:
1763:
1112:
1098:
574:
560:
660:Index of topics related to life extension
451:
342:
332:
300:
279:
269:
515:
435:
433:
407:
252:Palmer, Raymond D. (December 12, 2022).
18:
401:
357:
311:
2071:
375:
369:
251:
1758:
1093:
555:
454:"3 Dangerous Ideas From Ray Kurzweil"
430:
13:
491:Koulopoulos, Thomas (2018-01-19).
452:Diamandis, Peter H. (2017-11-10).
14:
2105:
1784:
113:. More recent proponents include
2053:
2052:
1255:Biodemography of human longevity
718:
735:Timeline of senescence research
534:
509:
484:
470:
202:Timeline of senescence research
445:
358:Dibbell, Julian (2006-10-23),
351:
231:
214:
151:
129:, who named one of his books,
1:
1119:
207:
1960:Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov
1892:Future of Humanity Institute
516:Kurzweil, Ray (2024-06-17).
334:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020187
7:
862:Alliance for Aging Research
295:biological escape velocity.
241:. The Futurist. 2008-03-25.
239:"Actuarial Escape Velocity"
170:
68:
10:
2110:
1196:research into centenarians
897:Gerontology Research Group
80:
48:biological escape velocity
2048:
1912:
1869:
1813:
1792:
1716:
1665:
1625:
1587:
1542:
1387:
1329:
1318:
1265:Longevity escape velocity
1228:
1152:aging-associated diseases
1127:
1071:
1011:
960:
937:MPI for Biology of Ageing
839:
743:
727:
716:
670:Longevity escape velocity
592:
542:"Defeating Aging by 2036"
44:actuarial escape velocity
36:longevity escape velocity
1826:Eradication of suffering
1805:Transhumanism in fiction
1744:Longest-living organisms
1048:Experimental Gerontology
947:SENS Research Foundation
381:"Next Stop, Immortality"
192:Technological utopianism
56:life expectancy at birth
1020:Ageing Research Reviews
665:List of aging processes
414:Boston College Magazine
32:life extension movement
1904:US Transhumanist Party
1739:Transhumanist politics
1657:Immortality in fiction
1635:Biological immortality
1179:cognitive epidemiology
710:Transhumanist politics
408:Birnbaum, Ben (2006),
222:A roadmap to end aging
99:Next Stop, Immortality
27:
1543:regions by continents
1162:negligible senescence
1157:degenerative diseases
1062:Rejuvenation Research
1055:Neurobiology of Aging
932:Methuselah Foundation
119:Methuselah Foundation
22:
2020:Gennady Stolyarov II
1861:Techno-progressivism
1388:regions of countries
1208:LGBT life expectancy
377:Wilson, Robert Anton
117:, co-founder of the
111:Kim Stanley Robinson
1877:Foresight Institute
1729:Longevity insurance
1647:Digital immortality
1273:calorie restriction
1260:Indefinite lifespan
1250:Anti-aging movement
1220:Biomarkers of aging
907:Immortalist Society
655:Indefinite lifespan
635:Free-radical theory
615:Calorie restriction
605:Anti-aging movement
410:"Extension program"
125:, and technologist
95:Robert Anton Wilson
1925:José Luis Cordeiro
1851:Singularitarianism
1379:World macroregions
1278:Diet and longevity
977:The First Immortal
271:10.1002/agm2.12231
28:
2066:
2065:
2040:Eliezer Yudkowsky
2030:Natasha Vita-More
2010:Martine Rothblatt
1752:
1751:
1583:
1582:
1303:stem-cell therapy
1215:Maximum life span
1087:
1086:
917:Insilico Medicine
756:Eric R. Braverman
700:Stem-cell therapy
478:"Google Podcasts"
379:(November 1978).
364:New York Magazine
360:"The Fast Supper"
2101:
2056:
2055:
2035:Mark Alan Walker
1779:
1772:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1595:Longevity claims
1327:
1326:
1191:supercentenarian
1114:
1107:
1100:
1091:
1090:
985:Fantastic Voyage
776:Leonard Hayflick
722:
576:
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416:, archived from
405:
399:
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367:
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355:
349:
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336:
309:
298:
297:
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273:
249:
243:
242:
235:
229:
220:Aubrey de Grey,
218:
182:Pro-aging trance
107:The Mars Trilogy
2109:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2044:
2015:Anders Sandberg
1985:Ole Martin Moen
1930:K. Eric Drexler
1908:
1865:
1809:
1788:
1783:
1753:
1748:
1712:
1666:Longevity genes
1661:
1621:
1579:
1538:
1383:
1322:life expectancy
1320:
1314:
1224:
1203:Life expectancy
1142:Longevity myths
1123:
1118:
1088:
1083:
1067:
1007:
956:
952:Sierra Sciences
902:Human Longevity
847:2045 Initiative
835:
831:Michael D. West
739:
723:
714:
588:
580:
550:
549:
544:. 9 April 2021.
540:
539:
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514:
510:
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462:
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458:Singularity Hub
450:
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310:
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250:
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237:
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219:
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210:
173:
154:
103:science fiction
83:
71:
63:escape velocity
52:life expectancy
17:
12:
11:
5:
2107:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2084:Life extension
2081:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1945:Aubrey de Grey
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
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1901:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1856:Technogaianism
1853:
1848:
1846:Postpoliticism
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1821:Antinaturalism
1817:
1815:
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1734:Longevity risk
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1311:
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1305:
1300:
1295:
1293:organ printing
1290:
1285:
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1275:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1234:
1232:
1230:Life extension
1226:
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1217:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1183:
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1176:
1174:biogerontology
1166:
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1125:
1124:
1117:
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1094:
1085:
1084:
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1081:
1079:Life extension
1075:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1041:Biogerontology
1037:
1030:
1023:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
997:
989:
981:
973:
969:Life Extension
964:
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919:
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877:Buck Institute
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837:
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823:
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813:
808:
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801:Ilya Mechnikov
798:
793:
791:Dimu Kotsovsky
788:
786:Cynthia Kenyon
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
761:Aubrey de Grey
758:
753:
747:
745:
741:
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738:
737:
731:
729:
725:
724:
717:
715:
713:
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707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
685:Organ printing
682:
677:
675:Mind uploading
672:
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617:
612:
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596:
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586:life extension
579:
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556:
548:
547:
533:
508:
483:
469:
444:
429:
400:
368:
350:
327:(6): 723–726.
315:(2004-06-15).
299:
264:(4): 281–286.
258:Aging Medicine
244:
230:
226:TEDGlobal 2005
212:
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206:
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194:
189:
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177:Life extension
172:
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91:life extension
87:Aubrey de Grey
82:
79:
70:
67:
25:Aubrey de Grey
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2106:
2095:
2094:Transhumanism
2092:
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2087:
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2018:
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2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
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1978:
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1975:Julian Huxley
1973:
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1950:Zoltan Istvan
1948:
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1870:Organizations
1868:
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1841:Postgenderism
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1786:Transhumanism
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1652:Eternal youth
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1601:
1600:Oldest people
1598:
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1575:South America
1573:
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1565:North America
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1367:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1357:South America
1355:
1353:
1352:North America
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1238:Topic outline
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840:Organizations
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771:Denham Harman
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600:Anti-oxidants
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522:The Economist
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420:on 2009-01-16
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313:de Grey, ADNJ
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197:Transhumanism
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160:The Economist
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26:
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2025:Vernor Vinge
2005:David Pearce
1990:Hans Moravec
1980:Ray Kurzweil
1970:James Hughes
1965:Robin Hanson
1940:Ben Goertzel
1920:Nick Bostrom
1896:
1831:Extropianism
1640:Regeneration
1492:South Africa
1298:rejuvenation
1288:nanomedicine
1283:gene therapy
1264:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1018:
999:
993:Ending Aging
991:
983:
975:
967:
811:Durk Pearson
796:Ray Kurzweil
766:Laura Deming
751:Bill Andrews
690:Rejuvenation
680:Nanomedicine
669:
640:Gene therapy
536:
525:. Retrieved
521:
511:
500:. Retrieved
496:
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472:
461:. Retrieved
457:
447:
422:, retrieved
418:the original
413:
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391:. Retrieved
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187:Rejuvenation
158:
155:
145:Ending Aging
143:
141:
130:
127:Ray Kurzweil
98:
84:
76:
72:
60:
55:
47:
43:
39:
35:
29:
2089:Gerontology
1935:David Gobel
1836:Immortalism
1627:Immortality
1186:Centenarian
1169:Gerontology
826:Roy Walford
806:Liz Parrish
645:Gerontology
393:29 November
386:Future Life
152:Predictions
115:David Gobel
2073:Categories
1800:Transhuman
1610:by country
1507:Tajikistan
1472:Kazakhstan
1330:by country
1147:Senescence
1072:Categories
1034:Aging Cell
867:Altos Labs
821:Sandy Shaw
695:Senescence
610:Biohacking
583:Outline of
527:2024-06-18
502:2020-11-15
463:2020-11-15
424:2014-02-08
208:References
2000:Elon Musk
1898:LessWrong
1882:Humanity+
1793:Overviews
1724:Blue zone
1482:Palestine
1400:Australia
1395:Argentina
1121:Longevity
816:Mark Roth
781:Saul Kent
650:Glycation
321:PLOS Biol
97:'s essay
2058:Category
1995:Max More
1814:Currents
1605:verified
1527:shortest
1347:Americas
1319:Lists of
1269:Methods
1012:Journals
630:Exercise
620:Cryonics
290:36606268
171:See also
123:futurist
69:Overview
1955:FM-2030
1717:Related
1588:Records
1570:Oceania
1532:longest
1442:Germany
1437:Finland
1405:Belgium
1374:Oceania
1137:Old age
882:BioViva
497:Inc.com
281:9805293
105:series
81:History
30:In the
2079:Ageing
1913:People
1698:Klotho
1615:living
1560:Europe
1550:Africa
1512:Turkey
1502:Sweden
1487:Russia
1477:Mexico
1457:Israel
1447:Greece
1432:France
1425:Cities
1415:Canada
1410:Brazil
1369:Europe
1342:Africa
1129:Ageing
1004:(2019)
996:(2007)
988:(2004)
980:(1998)
972:(1982)
887:Calico
744:People
728:Events
625:Cyborg
593:Issues
344:423155
341:
288:
278:
224:. In:
1703:SIRT1
1673:FOXO3
1497:Spain
1467:Japan
1462:Italy
1452:India
1420:China
1337:World
1243:index
1027:Aging
961:Books
892:ERIBA
137:aging
54:(not
1683:CETP
1678:APOE
1555:Asia
1364:Asia
1308:SENS
922:LEAF
857:AgeX
441:Grey
395:2020
286:PMID
121:and
1708:TNF
1693:IL6
1688:ACE
1522:USA
942:NIA
927:LEF
912:ILA
872:AGE
852:A4M
389:(6)
339:PMC
329:doi
276:PMC
266:doi
109:by
46:or
42:),
40:LEV
2075::
1517:UK
520:.
495:.
456:.
432:^
412:,
383:.
362:,
337:.
323:.
319:.
302:^
292:.
284:.
274:.
260:.
256:.
165:AI
34:,
1778:e
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530:.
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466:.
397:.
347:.
331::
325:2
268::
262:5
228:.
38:(
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