486:"On Oct. 9, 1876, Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas A. Watson talked by telephone to each other over a two-mile wire stretched between Cambridge and Boston. It was the first wire conversation ever held. Yesterday afternoon the same two men talked by telephone to each other over a 3,400-mile wire between New York and San Francisco. Dr. Bell, the veteran inventor of the telephone, was in New York, and Mr. Watson, his former associate, was on the other side of the continent. They heard each other much more distinctly than they did in their first talk thirty-eight years ago."
411:
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88:
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47:
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912:, Friend Caller and many others, but with the added convenience of there being no need to use a computer. It is this use of the Internet for the calls which allows such low prices. Often these same services are available from a mobile phone by the use of a special access number, though in this case there may be a charge equivalent to that of a standard landline call.
1234:, March 27, 1909. Quote: "It was I who invented the telephone and it was invented wherever I happened to be at the time. Of this you may be sure, the telephone was invented in Canada. It was made in the United States. The first transmission of a human voice over a telephone wire, where the speaker and the listener were miles apart, was in Canada .... etc..."
360:) even in exchanges where calls within the local exchange were dialed directly. Completion of long-distance calls was time-consuming and costly as each call was handled by multiple operators in multiple cities. Record keeping was also more complex, as the duration of every toll call had to be manually recorded for billing purposes.
1144:
Some plans can be compared easily if the number of minutes of usage will be estimated in advance, but others are not as clearly comparable. Some of these plans can be found on websites that compare a variety of long-distance phone and phone card options, giving consumers useful and timely information.
1083:
were used where equal access is available to allow callers to select a long-distance carrier for each call. In feature group 'D', the current system, subscribers may dial the prefix "10" and a three-digit code identifying a long-distance carrier to handle the InterLATA call. For example, 10-288 sent
826:
The definition of "local" or "long distance" calling (and the corresponding pricing) is largely a regulatory construct, by which every point outside an arbitrary group of exchange boundaries is charged at a higher "trunk call" or "toll call" rate. The charges often do not correlate directly to either
617:
following by the end of 1963. Simultaneously, operator-dialed transatlantic calling began March 30, 1963 with the originating international operator in
Western Europe or the US able to complete calls to the terminal station without further operator assistance via the gateway exchanges at White Plains
1317:
Accessed June 8, 2007. Quote: "Nov. 10, 1951: Mayor M. Leslie
Downing of Englewood, N.J., picked up a telephone and dialed 10 digits. Eighteen seconds later, he reached Mayor Frank Osborne in Alameda, Calif. The mayors made history as they chatted in the first customer-dialed long-distance call, one
1143:
Callers are usually offered a variety of rate "plans" depending on usage, although which plan is cheapest for a given amount of usage is often not obvious. Plans may be "unlimited" or may package an initial number of minutes and charge additional minutes at a flat rate, and further varieties abound.
907:
International calling from the UK is deregulated in that many alternative providers allow low-cost international calling by the caller dialling an access code, usually beginning with the digit 1, followed by the full international code. These services generally use
Internet-based connections in the
390:
varies dramatically among countries. The receiving country has total discretion in specifying what the caller should be charged (by the originating company, who in a separate transaction transfers these funds to the destination country) for the cost of connecting the incoming international call with
773:
The Los
Angeles long-distance operator then plugs into a direct trunk to the Salt Lake City inward operator and asks her for Mount Pleasant; the Salt Lake operator rings Mount Pleasant, where the Los Angeles operator asks for Fountain Green. The Mount Pleasant operator rings Fountain Green, and the
340:
Long-distance calls are classified into two categories: national or domestic calls which connect two points within the same country, and international calls which connect two points in different countries. Within the United States there is a further division into long-distance calls within a single
805:
Once operator toll dialing was implemented, the operator would have received a numerical routing from the rate-and-route operator, such as "Mark: Other Place. Route: A ring-down. Numbers: 801 plus 073 plus 181. Operators 801 plus 073 plus." This routing would allow the Los
Angeles operator to dial
1113:
call. This refers to a calling area outside of the customer's LATA but within the customer's state. While technically and legally long-distance, this calling area is not necessarily served by the same carrier used for "regular" long-distance, or may be provided at different rates. In some cases,
789:
This dramatization illustrates the cumbersome, costly, and time-consuming process needed for long-distance calling before direct distance dialing was available. Local calls within the Los
Angeles area had long been dialed directly, but a long-distance call to a distant state was a complex manual
594:
calls. These were designed to be able to automatically switch outward and inward international circuits as soon as common signalling standards (and political considerations) could be negotiated. However, at the outset, to set up an international call, multiple operators were required: one to
1071:
The breakup of the Bell system in 1984 came with federally imposed rules to allow the Baby Bells and other long-distance providers to compete via "equal access." Equal access allows telephone subscribers to choose an authorized telephone company or companies to handle their local toll and
817:
Routing was important even when many medium-sized and smaller cities had automatic local service, but were not yet reachable by the growing numbers of people in cities with direct dialing. For example, if by the late 1950s, Fountain Green had upgraded its manual service with an automatic
341:
state (intrastate) and interstate calls, which are subject to different regulations (counter-intuitively, calls within states are usually more expensive than interstate calls). Not all interstate calls are long-distance calls. Since 1984 there has also been a distinction between intra-
770:, Utah, and that the rate-step for the call is 140. The long-distance operator would mark her ticket with that rate-step, and could use it to quote the rate from her rate table, in terms of the first three minutes and each additional minute, if the caller requested the toll.
818:(dial-enabled four-digit number) system, an operator could often dial the call after obtaining the rate and route. The operator could add the three-digit office prefix to the local four-digit number, which in a few years would become the seven-digit number of the recipient.
454:
and greatly improved by others in the years between 1907 and 1914—which provided the means for telephone signals to reach from coast to coast. Such transcontinental calling was made possible in 1914 but was not showcased until early 1915, as a promotion for the upcoming
363:
In many less-developed countries, such as Spain, Mexico, Brazil, and Egypt, calls were placed at a central office the caller went to, filled out a paper slip, sometimes paid in advance for the call, and then waited for it to be connected. In Spain these were known as
814:) to the Mount Pleasant operator's switchboard, and have the call come in on a special trunk (designated by the 181 code) used for incoming calls to ring-down points (places with manual service whose connection to the national network was via a larger point).
827:
straight-line distance or network topology; two exchanges 75 km apart may be local in some cases, while in other cases an adjacent pair of exchanges (or even two different exchange prefixes on the same physical switch) may arbitrarily be long-distance.
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standard. It is now normal for local calls to cost the same as long-distance UK calls, and is now common, for a small extra monthly charge, to allow free calls to landlines within the UK. This free call allowance does not normally cover calls to the
723:
407:, eight miles (thirteen kilometres) distant. This test was said by many sources to be the "world's first long-distance call". This test certainly proved that the telephone could work over long distances, at least as a one-way call.
391:
the destination customer anywhere in the receiving country. This has only a loose, and in some cases no, relation to the actual cost. Some less-developed countries, or their telephone company(s), use these fees as a revenue source.
725:
726:
794:(typically ‘110’ or ‘211’ in large Bell System cities of that era; ’0’ was for local assistance) and provide the destination city name and called number as well as their own number for billing purposes as there was no
332:
made to a location outside a defined local calling area. Long-distance calls are typically charged a higher billing rate than local calls. The term is not necessarily synonymous with placing calls to another telephone
1090:, rarely used, is reserved for carrier-specific services; each carrier places a recorded self-identification message on 1-700-555-4141 to allow a subscriber to identify the default InterLATA carrier for their line.
843:, which has metered service in a few of the largest markets). Local telephone numbers were lengthened to a standard seven digits in all of the largest markets in 1958 to accommodate US-style direct-dial equipment (
625:
By mid-1968, transatlantic cable capacity had increased to the point where scheduling calls between
Western Europe, the UK, and the US was no longer necessary and calls were completed on demand. Transatlantic
1114:
customer confusion occurs as, due to rate or carrier distinctions, a local long-distance call can be billed at a higher per-minute rate than interstate long-distance calls, despite being a shorter distance.
854:
Long-distance calling from landlines was opened to competition in the early 1990s and the use of long-distance revenue to subsidise local service was phased out a few years later. It is not possible for
802:, which began in the 1940s, an operator would first set up the route, then ring back the original caller minutes later to announce the call was ready, rather than having the caller remain on the line.
678:+1-800- toll-free numbers to be controlled by a database and terminated virtually anywhere with each inbound call itemised and billed individually. This smart network was further refined to provide
1084:
a call via AT&T, 10-333 via Sprint, and 10-550 via
CenturyLink. Starting in July 1998, "10" needed to be used before the five-digit carrier selection. For example, 10-10-288 for AT&T.
1125:, which refers to calls within the customer's LATA but outside their local calling area. This area is normally served by the customer's local telephone provider, which is usually one of the
1022:
The US regulatory structure splits long-distance calls into two major categories. An intrastate call is regulated under state law. Federal regulation applies to interstate calls (being
863:
telephone users to select a default carrier, so long-distance calls are often priced higher from these services. The use of prepaid telephone calling cards is a possible workaround.
1212:
724:
368:, literally "a place to talk". In towns too small to support a phone office, placing long-distance calls was a sideline for some businesses with telephones, such as pharmacies.
379:, long-distance rates were historically kept artificially high to subsidize unprofitable flat-rate local residential services. Intense competition between long-distance
1385:
774:
Los
Angeles operator gives the Fountain Green operator the number and name of the called party in Fountain Green. The Fountain Green operator rings the number,
1429:
786:
summons the second subscriber on the shared line. A man answers; the Los
Angeles operator asks for the called party and states that Los Angeles is calling.
1814:
762:
and gives the name and number of the called party. The operator then calls a rate-and-route operator, who responds that the call should be routed through
446:
extended the range to Denver in 1911, again reaching a technological limit. A major research venture and contest led to the development of the
98:
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1514:
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are usually chosen by telephone customers. Another form of long-distance call, increasingly relevant to more U.S. states, is known as an
456:
1353:
698:, the distinction between local and long-distance communication is fading to the point where an Internet call from the United States to
1464:
Access codes were five digits (10-XXX) until July 1998, when the industry ran out of numbers and started to use 7 digits (10-10-XXX).
990:
418:
telephone call in 1876 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Another early call between cities had been made in Canada by telephone inventor
215:
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be dialled before the number. A trunk call is prefixed with '0' for national calls and '00' for international calls, following the
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17:
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434:. Users often did not use their own phone for such connections, but made an appointment to use a special long-distance
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and an increase in competition substantially lowered long-distance rates at the end of the 20th century. Using the
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and London. Operator-dialed transpacific calling to Hawaii, Japan, and Australia began with the completion of the
958:
183:
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342:
2263:
1153:
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system as there are no free local calls. A long-distance call is therefore known not as a "toll call" but as a
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in the late 1950s required an operator manually determine the destination number from a printed list; the 1967
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172:
35:
646:) was introduced in 1970, with service extended to the whole of the US and the six largest UK cities in 1971.
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built an interconnect telephone network, which reached from New York to Chicago, the technological limit for
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1980:
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345:(LATA) calls and those between different LATAs, whose boundaries are not necessarily state boundaries.
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883:. It traditionally carried a higher rate ("national rate" instead of "local rate") and requires a
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1985:
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670:, terminated on special fixed-rate trunks. By the 1980s, computerisation of the system allowed
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2010:
1975:
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839:, local calls from landline telephones are flat-rated even in the largest cities (unlike the
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508:
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at 333 Grant Avenue in San Francisco. This process, nevertheless, involved five intermediary
463:
419:
1539:
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851:
previously had 2L+4N six-digit local calling; smaller communities had four or five digits).
2120:
2080:
2050:
1807:
1742:
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767:
747:
353:
904:, which whilst having UK national dialling codes, are separate telephone administrations.
8:
2130:
2070:
1829:
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658:, where the recipient pays long-distance charges for any call from a predefined area. A
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2314:
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2020:
1955:
1802:
1523:
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1273:
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1061:
1034:
387:
313:
1386:"Commonwealth Telecommunications Board - Report - Year ended - 31 March - 1967 (16th)"
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narrowed these gaps significantly in most developed nations in the late 20th century.
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2025:
1855:
1824:
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On August 10, 1876, Alexander Graham Bell made a call via the telegraph line between
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person-to-person long-distance call to a number reached via a manual switchboard in
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1965:
1950:
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1425:
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856:
783:
735:
583:
524:
471:
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concept was created to distinguish between in-region calls (which were handled by
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Various schemes were devised to allow large organisations to automatically accept
595:
originate the call and one at each national gateway to complete a call via either
2030:
1885:
1653:
1628:
1616:
1023:
901:
872:
703:
671:
435:
1136:
In California, in addition to intra-LATA and inter-LATA calling, there are ZUM (
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from 15 Dey Street in New York City, which was received by his former assistant
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2100:
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2035:
2005:
1880:
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1601:
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404:
329:
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1945:
1940:
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1915:
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1080:
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was opened for service, it was connected to international gateway offices at
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410:
380:
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1300:
The mosquito crusades: a history of ... – Gordon M. Patterson – Google Books
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long-distance toll (including international) calls from traditional “POTS” (
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2095:
2040:
1970:
1935:
1870:
1769:
1759:
1611:
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884:
655:
559:
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443:
30:
This article is about the type of telephone call. For the German band, see
252:
2455:
2105:
2015:
2000:
1960:
1920:
1779:
897:
759:
520:
447:
1400:"Events in Telecommunications History: 1971, 'BT's history', btplc.com/"
1329:"Events in Telecommunications History: 1958, 'BT's history', btplc.com/"
844:
2460:
2167:
1865:
1774:
1730:
1700:
1678:
950: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
880:
860:
321:
690:
Improvements in switching technology, the deployment of high-capacity
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1910:
1725:
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888:
739:
635:
614:
547:
528:
431:
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334:
1207:
925:
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long-distance telephone call in North America was placed from Mayor
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1995:
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1118:
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596:
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1321:
2435:
2420:
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848:
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675:
563:
543:
730:
Dramatization of an operator-assisted long distance call c. 1949
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2425:
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to connect their own long-distance lines into the Bell system.
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587:
372:
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610:
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such as the Baby Bells) and out-of-region calls (handled by
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1176:
is often used to reduce the costs of long-distance services
1126:
1053:
751:
711:
352:(DDD), all long-distance calls were established by special
1117:
Often, in large LATAs, there is also a class known by the
758:. In the call, Friday calls a long-distance operator in
538:
in the United Kingdom was deployed December 5, 1958 with
1311:
1951: First Direct-Dial Transcontinental Telephone Call
1093:
Long-distance calls may be classified into two groups.
574:
networks in their respective countries (initially for
175:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1485:is available for free viewing and download at the
717:
570:entities in Europe to automating switching on the
1245:"Panama-Pacific Exposition 1915 by Cheryl Keyser"
649:
531:) was connected automatically within 18 seconds.
459:in San Francisco in the spring of the same year.
2586:
754:, a town of several hundred people served by an
442:and other advanced technology. The invention of
1422:The History of MCI: 1968–1988, The Early Years
1101:, the most common group, is the one for which
1508:
95:The examples and perspective in this article
908:same way as computer-based services such as
2523:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
1351:
478:and took 23 minutes to connect by manually
75:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2559:
1515:
1501:
1352:Chapuis, Robert J.; Joel, Amos E. (2003).
1226:Alexander Graham Bell, in a speech to the
1133:to compete in the local telephone market.
1205:
1140:) areas within the local Service Areas.
1010:Learn how and when to remove this message
706:than a domestic landline call to a rural
300:Learn how and when to remove this message
235:Learn how and when to remove this message
133:Learn how and when to remove this message
1419:
1355:100 Years of Telephone Switching: Part 1
1347:
1345:
721:
553:
409:
1482:"Nation at Your Fingertips, The (1951)"
457:Panama–Pacific International Exposition
27:Telephone call charged at a higher rate
14:
2587:
1522:
821:
674:"Linkline" 0800 freephone numbers and
613:was first offered in March 1963, with
1496:
1342:
685:
468:first transcontinental telephone call
2569:
1269:"Phone to Pacific From the Atlantic"
948:adding citations to reliable sources
919:
246:
173:adding citations to reliable sources
144:
81:
40:
1099:inter-LATA interstate long-distance
438:or "silence cabinet" equipped with
24:
1449:"10-10 Long Distance Phone Survey"
790:effort. The caller would dial the
25:
2611:
1473:
1216:. Vol. 100000. pp. 1–4.
1031:Federal Communications Commission
866:
620:Commonwealth Pacific Cable System
527:(seven digits plus a three-digit
56:This article has multiple issues.
2568:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2537:
2158:Free-space optical communication
924:
915:
590:that were already automated for
499:On November 10, 1951, the first
251:
149:
86:
45:
1441:
1413:
1046:local access and transport area
935:needs additional citations for
796:automatic number identification
718:Example of manual operator call
666:introduced the first automated
343:local access and transport area
160:needs additional citations for
64:or discuss these issues on the
1304:
1293:
1261:
1237:
1220:
1199:
650:Collect/reverse-charge calling
13:
1:
1213:Journal of Hispanic Philology
1192:
756:independent telephone company
622:(COMPAC)cable, also in 1963.
607:International direct dialling
2544:Telecommunication portal
2325:Telecommunications equipment
1420:Cantelon, Philip L. (1993).
1318:that introduced area codes."
1281:. 26 Jan 1915. pp. 1, 4
1174:Voice over Internet Protocol
871:The regulatory structure in
680:toll-free number portability
628:international direct dialing
32:Long Distance Calling (band)
7:
2061:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
1249:www.americanantiquities.com
1147:
1129:, despite attempts by some
1074:Plain Old Telephone Service
875:exchanges differs from the
668:toll-free telephone numbers
664:Wide Area Telephone Service
466:ceremonially initiated the
371:In some countries, such as
264:to comply with Knowledge's
109:, discuss the issue on the
10:
2616:
1765:Telecommunications history
1424:. Dallas: Heritage Press.
1279:The New York Times Company
1206:Eisenberg, Daniel (1989).
1042:breakup of the Bell System
566:in the US and the various
394:
29:
2532:
2474:
2411:
2373:Public Switched Telephone
2333:
2297:
2254:
2195:
2185:telecommunication circuit
2146:Fiber-optic communication
2129:
1891:Francis Blake (telephone)
1838:
1686:Optical telecommunication
1530:
1076:) wired telephone lines.
1054:local telephone companies
1033:forced AT&T to allow
830:
2284:Orbital angular-momentum
1721:Satellite communications
1560:Communications satellite
1430:HE8864.M375C36 1993
1159:Long-haul communications
1095:Interstate long-distance
812:class-4 telephone switch
562:, priority was given by
536:subscriber trunk dialing
450:—originally invented by
277:may contain suggestions.
262:may need to be rewritten
2163:Molecular communication
1986:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1815:Undersea telegraph line
1550:Cable protection system
959:"Long-distance calling"
806:via the tandem switch (
599:to a local operator or
482:the route of the call.
414:Site of one end of the
358:long-distance operators
350:direct distance dialing
184:"Long-distance calling"
2305:Communication protocol
2091:Charles Sumner Tainter
1906:Walter Houser Brattain
1851:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1659:Information revolution
1208:"3. Quito to Chiriquí"
1138:Zone Usage Measurement
1103:long-distance carriers
1058:interexchange carriers
792:long-distance operator
731:
497:
423:
34:. For other uses, see
2279:Polarization-division
2011:Narinder Singh Kapany
1976:Erna Schneider Hoover
1896:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1876:Alexander Graham Bell
1607:online video platform
1180:Interexchange carrier
800:Operator Toll Dialing
729:
601:Operator Toll Dialing
576:Operator Toll Dialing
554:International calling
509:Englewood, New Jersey
484:
464:Alexander Graham Bell
462:On January 25, 1915,
420:Alexander Graham Bell
413:
354:switchboard operators
18:Long distance calling
2121:Vladimir K. Zworykin
2081:Almon Brown Strowger
2051:Charles Grafton Page
1706:Prepaid mobile phone
1634:Electrical telegraph
944:improve this article
798:. Before the era of
734:In the radio series
704:lower wholesale cost
542:placing a call from
432:non-amplified wiring
416:first U.S. intercity
169:improve this article
115:create a new article
107:improve this article
97:may not represent a
2071:Johann Philipp Reis
1830:Wireless revolution
1792:The Telephone Cases
1649:Hydraulic telegraph
1185:Carrier access code
1123:local long-distance
1111:state long-distance
1024:interstate commerce
822:Regional variations
738:, Sgt. Joe Friday (
517:Alameda, California
476:telephone operators
388:international calls
381:telephone companies
328:in the U.K. ) is a
2600:Telephone services
2269:Frequency-division
2246:Telephone exchange
2116:Charles Wheatstone
2046:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
2021:Innocenzo Manzetti
1956:Reginald Fessenden
1691:Optical telegraphy
1524:Telecommunications
1436:MCI Communications
1277:. No. 20821.
1274:The New York Times
1060:such as AT&T,
732:
686:Technical advances
424:
318:long-distance call
314:telecommunications
2582:
2581:
2320:Store and forward
2315:Data transmission
2229:Network switching
2180:Transmission line
2026:Guglielmo Marconi
1991:Internet pioneers
1856:Mohamed M. Atalla
1825:Whistled language
1020:
1019:
1012:
994:
782:where a specific
744:operator assisted
727:
505:M. Leslie Denning
440:4-wire telephones
324:(also known as a
310:
309:
302:
292:
291:
266:quality standards
245:
244:
237:
219:
143:
142:
135:
117:, as appropriate.
79:
16:(Redirected from
2607:
2572:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2413:Notable networks
2403:Wireless network
2343:Cellular network
2335:Types of network
2310:Computer network
2197:Network topology
2111:Thomas A. Watson
1966:Oliver Heaviside
1951:Philo Farnsworth
1926:Daniel Davis Jr.
1901:Charles Bourseul
1861:John Logie Baird
1570:Data compression
1565:Computer network
1517:
1510:
1503:
1494:
1493:
1487:Internet Archive
1467:
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1164:Toll restriction
1040:During the 1984
1015:
1008:
1004:
1001:
995:
993:
952:
928:
920:
857:mobile telephone
728:
584:White Plains, NY
495:
472:Thomas A. Watson
417:
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2250:
2199:
2191:
2132:
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2031:Robert Metcalfe
1886:Tim Berners-Lee
1834:
1654:Information Age
1526:
1521:
1479:The short film
1476:
1471:
1470:
1458:
1456:
1455:. March 1, 1999
1453:Consumer Action
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1195:
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1016:
1005:
999:
996:
953:
951:
941:
929:
918:
902:Channel Islands
873:British Telecom
869:
859:subscribers or
833:
824:
784:ringing pattern
722:
720:
688:
672:British Telecom
652:
609:from London to
578:). Thus, when
556:
519:via AT&T's
496:
494:, Jan 26, 1915.
490:
436:telephone booth
415:
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306:
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50:
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15:
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2301:
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2271:
2266:
2264:Space-division
2260:
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2236:
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2143:
2137:
2135:
2127:
2126:
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2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2101:Camille Tissot
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2076:Claude Shannon
2073:
2068:
2066:Tivadar Puskás
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2036:Antonio Meucci
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2006:Charles K. Kao
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1981:Harold Hopkins
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1881:Emile Berliner
1878:
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1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
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1836:
1835:
1833:
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1827:
1822:
1820:Videotelephony
1817:
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1762:
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1716:Radiotelephone
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1602:Internet video
1594:
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1490:
1475:
1474:External links
1472:
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1320:
1303:
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1260:
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1190:
1189:
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1187:
1177:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1081:feature groups
1018:
1017:
932:
930:
923:
917:
914:
877:North American
868:
867:United Kingdom
865:
832:
829:
823:
820:
768:Mount Pleasant
764:Salt Lake City
748:Fountain Green
719:
716:
710:in small-town
687:
684:
682:in the 1990s.
651:
648:
555:
552:
525:ten digit call
492:New York Times
488:
405:Paris, Ontario
396:
393:
330:telephone call
308:
307:
290:
289:
259:
257:
250:
243:
242:
157:
155:
148:
141:
140:
101:of the subject
99:worldwide view
94:
92:
85:
80:
54:
53:
51:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2318:
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2313:
2311:
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2303:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2289:Code-division
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2274:Time-division
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2235:
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2230:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:and switching
2198:
2194:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2151:optical fiber
2149:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:Coaxial cable
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2056:Radia Perlman
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1946:Lee de Forest
1944:
1942:
1941:Thomas Edison
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1931:Donald Davies
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1916:Claude Chappe
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
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1813:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:Smoke signals
1758:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1738:Semiconductor
1736:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1597:Digital media
1595:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1465:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1437:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1401:
1395:
1387:
1381:
1367:
1365:9784274906114
1361:
1357:
1356:
1348:
1346:
1330:
1324:
1316:
1315:AT&T Inc.
1312:
1307:
1301:
1296:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1233:
1229:
1228:Canadian Club
1223:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1198:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:Trunk vs Toll
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1088:Area code 700
1085:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1029:In 1968, the
1027:
1025:
1014:
1011:
1003:
992:
989:
985:
982:
978:
975:
971:
968:
964:
961: –
960:
956:
955:Find sources:
949:
945:
939:
938:
933:This section
931:
927:
922:
921:
916:United States
913:
911:
905:
903:
899:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
864:
862:
858:
852:
850:
846:
842:
841:United States
838:
828:
819:
815:
813:
809:
803:
801:
797:
793:
787:
785:
781:
777:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
692:optical fibre
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
660:Zenith number
657:
656:collect calls
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
632:New York City
629:
623:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
602:
598:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
513:Frank Osborne
510:
506:
502:
493:
487:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
460:
458:
453:
452:Lee De Forest
449:
445:
444:loading coils
441:
437:
433:
429:
421:
412:
408:
406:
402:
392:
389:
384:
382:
378:
377:United States
374:
369:
367:
361:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
338:
336:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
304:
301:
286:
276:
272:
267:
263:
260:This article
258:
254:
249:
248:
239:
236:
228:
225:November 2012
217:
214:
210:
207:
203:
200:
196:
193:
189:
186: –
185:
181:
180:Find sources:
174:
170:
164:
163:
158:This article
156:
152:
147:
146:
137:
134:
126:
123:December 2012
116:
112:
108:
102:
100:
93:
84:
83:
78:
76:
69:
68:
63:
62:
57:
52:
43:
42:
37:
36:Long distance
33:
19:
2256:Multiplexing
2131:Transmission
2096:Nikola Tesla
2086:Henry Sutton
2041:Samuel Morse
1971:Robert Hooke
1936:Amos Dolbear
1871:John Bardeen
1790:
1770:Telautograph
1674:Mobile phone
1629:Edholm's law
1612:social media
1545:Broadcasting
1481:
1463:
1457:. Retrieved
1452:
1443:
1421:
1415:
1404:. Retrieved
1402:. 2008-06-18
1394:
1380:
1369:. Retrieved
1354:
1333:. Retrieved
1331:. 2008-06-18
1323:
1306:
1295:
1283:. Retrieved
1272:
1263:
1252:. Retrieved
1248:
1239:
1222:
1211:
1201:
1142:
1135:
1122:
1116:
1108:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1086:
1078:
1070:
1045:
1039:
1028:
1021:
1006:
997:
987:
980:
973:
966:
954:
942:Please help
937:verification
934:
906:
885:trunk prefix
870:
853:
834:
825:
816:
807:
804:
788:
775:
772:
742:) places an
733:
689:
653:
624:
605:
591:
560:World War II
557:
540:Elizabeth II
533:
498:
485:
479:
461:
425:
398:
386:The cost of
385:
370:
365:
362:
347:
339:
325:
317:
311:
296:
280:
271:You can help
261:
231:
222:
212:
205:
198:
191:
179:
167:Please help
162:verification
159:
129:
120:
96:
72:
65:
59:
58:Please help
55:
2456:NPL network
2168:Radio waves
2106:Alfred Vail
2016:Hedy Lamarr
2001:Dawon Kahng
1961:Elisha Gray
1921:Yogen Dalal
1846:Nasir Ahmed
1780:Teleprinter
1644:Heliographs
1107:inter-LATA
898:Isle of Man
760:Los Angeles
708:independent
521:Bell System
501:direct dial
480:patching in
2589:Categories
2502:Antarctica
2461:Toasternet
2383:Television
1866:Paul Baran
1798:Television
1782:(teletype)
1775:Telegraphy
1753:transistor
1731:Phryctoria
1701:Photophone
1679:Smartphone
1669:Mass media
1459:2020-04-01
1406:2014-03-12
1371:2015-07-27
1335:2008-08-12
1254:2020-09-29
1193:References
1154:Long Lines
1127:Baby Bells
1119:oxymoronic
1000:March 2019
970:newspapers
881:trunk call
780:party line
702:carries a
534:The first
366:locutorios
322:trunk call
320:(U.S.) or
283:March 2018
195:newspapers
61:improve it
2486:Americas
2475:Locations
2446:Internet2
2207:Bandwidth
1911:Vint Cerf
1808:streaming
1786:Telephone
1726:Semaphore
1617:streaming
1434:See also
889:area code
861:coin-paid
740:Jack Webb
636:area code
615:Amsterdam
548:Edinburgh
529:area code
511:to Mayor
426:In 1891,
401:Brantford
335:area code
326:toll call
275:talk page
111:talk page
67:talk page
2595:Distance
2554:Category
2441:Internet
2431:CYCLADES
2348:Ethernet
2298:Concepts
2222:terminal
2173:wireless
1996:Bob Kahn
1839:Pioneers
1664:Internet
1555:Cable TV
1148:See also
1079:Various
893:European
845:Montréal
696:Internet
676:AT&T
644:STD code
630:between
597:ringdown
592:domestic
564:AT&T
489:—
428:AT&T
375:and the
105:You may
2574:Commons
2564:Outline
2517:Oceania
2436:FidoNet
2421:ARPANET
2234:circuit
1803:digital
1532:History
984:scholar
900:or the
849:Toronto
736:Dragnet
700:Beijing
544:Bristol
395:History
348:Before
209:scholar
2512:Europe
2482:Africa
2466:Usenet
2426:BITNET
2363:Mobile
2239:packet
1748:MOSFET
1743:device
1540:Beacon
1428:
1362:
1285:18 May
1232:Ottawa
1066:Sprint
1044:, the
986:
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831:Canada
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588:London
586:, and
558:After
523:. The
448:audion
373:Canada
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2490:North
2451:JANET
2388:Telex
2378:Radio
2217:Nodes
2212:Links
2133:media
1711:Radio
1696:Pager
1624:Drums
1590:video
1585:image
1575:audio
1131:CLECs
1121:name
1109:intra
1026:).
991:JSTOR
977:books
910:Skype
634:(212
611:Paris
580:TAT-1
216:JSTOR
202:books
113:, or
2507:Asia
2393:UUCP
2353:ISDN
1360:ISBN
1287:2023
1064:and
1050:LATA
963:news
887:and
847:and
808:i.e.
778:, a
776:14R2
766:and
752:Utah
712:Iowa
642:(01
572:toll
403:and
316:, a
188:news
2398:WAN
2368:NGN
2358:LAN
1639:Fax
1580:DCT
1426:LCC
1097:or
1068:).
1062:MCI
1048:or
1035:MCI
946:by
835:In
568:PTT
546:to
515:of
507:of
312:In
171:by
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