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152:. After the docks closed, the area had become derelict and poverty-ridden by the 1980s. The Docklands' regeneration began later that decade; it has been redeveloped principally for commercial and residential use. The name "London Docklands" was used for the first time in a government report on redevelopment plans in 1971 and has since been almost universally adopted. The redevelopment created wealth, but also led to some conflict between the new and old communities in the area.
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290:(workers who carried timber) were famous for their acrobatic skills. Most were unskilled and worked as casual labourers. They assembled at certain points, such as pubs, each morning, where they were selected more or less at random by foremen. For these workers, it was effectively a lottery whether they would get work on any particular day. This arrangement continued until as late as 1965, although it was somewhat regularised after the creation of the
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575:(DLR), which connected the Docklands with the city. According to Transport for London, the owner of the project, it was a remarkably inexpensive development, costing only £77 million in its first phase, as it relied on reusing disused railway infrastructure and derelict land for much of its length. The LDDC originally requested a full
306:. Local sentiment there was so strong that Ted Johns, a local community campaigner, and his supporters, in protest at the lack of social provision from the state, unilaterally declared independence for the area, set up a so-called "Island Council" with Johns himself as its elected leader, and blocked off the two access roads.
373:
Before the later
Docklands' redevelopment and gentrification, the dock workers often made ends meet with petty and not so petty criminality, such as theft from the not yet containerized cargo, smuggling and fencing. As a result, the docks became "centres of excellence for criminal practice". Many of
810:
The
Docklands' redevelopment has, however, had some less beneficial aspects. The massive property boom and consequent rise in house prices has led to friction between the new arrivals and the old Docklands communities, who have complained of being squeezed out. It has also made for some of the most
487:
Efforts to redevelop the docks began almost as soon as they were closed, although it took a decade for most plans to move beyond the drawing board and another decade for redevelopment to take full effect. The situation was greatly complicated by the large number of landowners involved: the PLA, the
802:
Although most of the old wharfs and warehouses have been demolished, some have been restored and converted into flats. Many of the docks themselves have survived and are now used as marinas or watersports centres; a major exception is the Surrey
Commercial Docks, which are now largely filled in.
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The main dockland areas were originally low-lying marshes, mostly unsuitable for agriculture and lightly populated. With the establishment of the docks, the dock workers formed a number of tight-knit local communities with their own distinctive cultures and slang. Due to poor communications with
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The LDDC was controversial; it was accused of favouring elitist luxury developments rather than affordable housing, and it was unpopular with the local communities, who felt that their needs were not being addressed. Nonetheless, the LDDC was central to a remarkable transformation in the area,
798:
The population of the
Docklands has more than doubled during the last 30 years, and the area has become a major business centre. Canary Wharf has emerged as one of Europe's biggest clusters of skyscrapers and a major extension to the financial services district of the City of London.
538:, an area in which businesses were exempt from property taxes and had other incentives, including simplified planning and capital allowances. This made investing in the Docklands a significantly more attractive proposition and was instrumental in starting a property boom in the area.
886:'s internet peering traffic, occupying over 73,000 square metres. In August 2016, Telehouse Europe opened the $ 177 million North Two data centre of 24,000 square metres that became the only UK data centre to own a 132 kV on-campus grid substation that is directly connected to the
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The massive development programme managed by the LDDC during the 1980s and 1990s saw a huge area of the
Docklands converted into a mixture of residential, commercial and light industrial space. The clearest symbol of the whole effort was the ambitious
806:
The revival of the
Docklands has had major effects in other run-down surrounding areas. Greenwich and Deptford are undergoing large-scale redevelopment, chiefly as a result of the improved transport links making them more attractive to commuters.
1198:. 28 November 2008. Retrieved on 6 September 2011. "Under a deal signed today, the Independent titles will share back office functions with the Daily Mail, Mail on Sunday, Metro and Evening Standard at Northcliffe House in Kensington."
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Canary Wharf was far from trouble-free; the property slump of the early 1990s halted further development for several years. Developers found themselves, for a time, saddled with property that they were unable to sell or let.
196:) was designed to address these problems, providing a large, secure and sheltered anchorage with room for 120 large vessels. It was a major commercial success, and provided for two phases of expansion during the
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project that constructed
Britain's tallest building at the time and established a second business district (CBD) in London. However, there is no evidence that the LDDC foresaw this scale of development; nearby
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The parlous state of the
Docklands property market at the time of the blast, combined with a lengthy delay in implementing redevelopment, means a true estimate of the financial cost is difficult to reach.
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of cargo transportation. London's docks were unable to accommodate the much larger vessels needed by containerization, and the shipping industry moved to deep-water ports such as
Tilbury and
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network was developed in the early stages of
Docklands redevelopment; it was originally much larger, but as transport rapidly improved across east London, the need for the
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although how far it was in control of events is debatable. It was wound up in 1998 when control of the Docklands area was handed back to the respective local authorities.
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In the early 21st century, redevelopment is spreading into the more suburban parts of east and southeast London, and into the parts of the counties of
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had already been developed as low-density offices when Canary Wharf was proposed, and similar development was already underway on Canary Wharf itself,
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destroyed in the Surrey Docks in a single night. Nonetheless, following post-war rebuilding they experienced a resurgence of prosperity in the 1950s.
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282:) and quayside workers, who dealt with the goods once they were ashore. Some of the workers were highly skilled: the lightermen had their own
405:. Between 1960 and 1980, all of London's docks were closed, leaving around eight square miles (21 km) of derelict land in East London.
184:. However, these gave no protection against the elements, were vulnerable to thieves and suffered from a lack of space at the quayside. The
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822:. Two people died in the explosion, forty people were injured and an estimated £150 million of damage was caused. This bombing ended an
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Although large ships can—and occasionally still do—visit the old docks, all of the commercial traffic has moved downriver further east.
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for Docklands; all run on the north bank of the River Thames as part of the London bus network, and act as feeder buses to the DLR. The
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branch was opened. The Isle of Dogs branch was extended further south, and in 1999 it began serving Greenwich town centre—including the
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striking disparities to be seen anywhere in Britain: luxury executive flats constructed alongside run-down public housing estates.
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London's Docklands has become one of the world's leading global internet hubs since the opening in 1990 of the carrier-neutral
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The docks were originally built and managed by a number of competing private companies. From 1909, they were managed by the
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594:(the A1203 road) at a cost of over £150 million per kilometre, one of the most expensive stretches of road ever built.
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The Docklands historically had poor transport connections. This was addressed by the LDDC with the construction of the
818:'s Britain has also made it a target for terrorists. After a failed attempt to bomb Canary Wharf in 1992, a large IRA
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The end came suddenly, between approximately 1960 and 1970, when the shipping industry adopted the newly invented
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Further development projects are being proposed and put into practice within the London Dockland area, such as:
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ceasefire. James McArdle was sentenced to 25 years of jail time but released in 2000 under the terms of the
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333:. The PLA constructed the last of the docks, the King George V, in 1921, as well as greatly expanding the
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267:(mooring points). The various docks tended to specialise in different forms of produce. The Surrey Docks
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In a further sign of regeneration in the area, the Docklands now has its own symphony orchestra,
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Britain's most proficient criminals learnt their trade here, including those behind the
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other parts of London, they tended to develop in some isolation. Road access to the
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37:"London docks" redirects here. For the specific dock known under that name, see
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Another important government intervention was the designation in 1982 of an
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group of publications were at one time situated in the Docklands. In 2008,
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1125:"BBC ON THIS DAY | 10 | 1996: Docklands bomb ends IRA ceasefire"
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along the riverside. In addition, the river was lined with innumerable
120:. It is located in inner east and southeast London, in the boroughs of
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278:(who carried loads between ships and quays aboard small barges called
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1173:'Docklands Sinfonia' strikes chord to put East End on culture map
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were where ships were laid up at anchor and loaded or unloaded.
30:
For the basketball team formerly known as London Docklands, see
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routes reduced. Today only four remain, running primarily in
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1326:
1212:"Telehouse opens $ 177 million London Docklands data center"
1088:"Andrews Denford & Boyd – London Districts, E1 and E14"
977:"How London's Docklands became the Eton of the crime world"
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705:
New skyscrapers to be built at Canary Wharf, including the
616:
was extended eastwards in 1999; it now serves Rotherhithe/
366:
caused massive damage to the docks, with 380,000 tons of
1190:
Sharing with Mail 'will safeguard future of Independent'
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871:
would be moving its offices to Northcliffe House in
845:; which was formed in January 2009 and is based at
192:(built in 1696, and later to form the core of the
1260:London's Docklands: A History of the Lost Quarter
605:LCY), opened in October 1987 on the spine of the
172:tended to dock at small quays in the present-day
1508:Geography of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
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1021:"Building an Urban Railway: 30 Years of the DLR"
597:The LDDC also contributed to the development of
274:The docks required an army of workers, chiefly
820:bomb exploded at South Quay on 9 February 1996
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579:line, but the Government refused to fund it.
1528:Redeveloped ports and waterfronts in London
1513:Geography of the Royal Borough of Greenwich
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511:The Docklands area as administered by LDDC.
447:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1062:"Who runs your bus - Transport for London"
1002:"Docklands Light Railway Capacity Upgrade"
962:Telegraph 14 May 2004 accessed 14 May 2015
58:Map showing the London docks in 1882. The
1503:Geography of the London Borough of Newham
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1244:London's 2nd City: Creating Canary Wharf.
882:campus, which hosts the vast majority of
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467:Learn how and when to remove this message
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590:road tunnel linking the Isle of Dogs to
525:London Docklands Development Corporation
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251:Three principal kinds of docks existed.
207:The first of the Georgian docks was the
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741:for further information on this trend.
265:warehouses, piers, jetties and dolphins
14:
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713:double-skyscraper development and the
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517:Secretary of State for the Environment
116:is the riverfront and former docks in
94:with Millwall Dock on the Isle of Dogs
50:Modern Docklands, showing Canary Wharf
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814:The Docklands' status as a symbol of
515:To address this problem, in 1981 the
27:Area by the Thames in London, England
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717:project, consisting of three towers.
502:Central Electricity Generating Board
445:adding citations to reliable sources
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219:(also 1805), the Surrey (1807), the
1040:"How can a road cost £138m a mile?"
1019:Ravenscroft, Tom (September 2017).
680:Extensions of the DLR, possibly to
24:
1293:History of Docklands redevelopment
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786:operate routes D6, D7 and D8, and
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211:(opened in 1802), followed by the
25:
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1038:Castella, Tom de (27 June 2011).
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559:being the most famous occupant.
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302:, for example, was only via two
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1258:Rule, Fiona (28 January 2019).
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975:Hobbs, Richard (15 June 2024).
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1305:London East Research Institute
1148:"Royal release for IRA bomber"
1146:Foster, Peter (27 July 2000).
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636:and the nearby Royal Docks at
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168:times, ships arriving in the
1127:. BBC News. 10 February 1996
865:Independent News & Media
634:North Greenwich tube station
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392:Tonbridge cash depot robbery
243:(1921) was a late addition.
7:
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834:officially signed by Queen
292:National Dock Labour Scheme
10:
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1317:Royal Docks Trust (London)
1066:Transport for London (TfL)
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832:royal prerogative of mercy
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319:Museum of London Docklands
144:were formerly part of the
106:and Canary Wharf from the
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941:University of East London
660:, including a station at
626:Canary Wharf tube station
612:The London Underground's
496:, five borough councils,
936:Stepney Historical Trust
582:The LDDC also built the
388:Security Express robbery
327:Port of London Authority
1445:London Plan sub-regions
1327:Royal Docks Information
1298:7 December 2017 at the
1288:The Docklands newspaper
754:The numbers of several
702:, east of Canary Wharf.
687:Further development of
573:Docklands Light Railway
494:British Gas Corporation
194:Surrey Commercial Docks
180:, an area known as the
62:had not yet been built.
1322:West Silvertown Online
1216:datacenterdynamics.com
1177:East London Advertiser
1068:. Transport for London
745:Docklands series buses
624:, the Isle of Dogs at
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490:Greater London Council
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483:Canary Wharf at sunset
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828:Good Friday Agreement
584:Limehouse Link tunnel
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90:A 2009 photo showing
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1474:51.50500°N 0.01806°W
1310:3 March 2017 at the
1188:Ponsford, Dominic. "
921:Island History Trust
758:routes are prefixed
638:Canning Town station
622:Canada Water station
441:improve this section
286:or guild, while the
150:world's largest port
1470: /
1179:, 16 September 2008
1152:The Daily Telegraph
847:St Anne's Limehouse
672:Future developments
662:London City Airport
599:London City Airport
384:Brink’s-Mat robbery
380:Great Train Robbery
376:Hatton Garden heist
355:on 7 September 1940
351:and Wapping in the
321:, near Canary Wharf
221:Regent's Canal Dock
108:Royal Victoria Dock
1518:London sub-regions
1479:51.50500; -0.01806
1006:Railway Technology
843:Docklands Sinfonia
790:operate route D3.
577:London Underground
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186:Howland Great Dock
148:, at one time the
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1264:The History Press
1252:978-0-9556706-2-6
1094:on 9 October 2020
931:Safeguarded wharf
816:Margaret Thatcher
784:Stagecoach London
774:and briefly into
694:Redevelopment of
658:North London Line
603:IATA airport code
557:Limehouse Studios
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1392:Inner London
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1240:Kevin d'Arcy
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310:20th century
300:Isle of Dogs
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225:St Katharine
215:(1805), the
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1387:East London
1072:18 February
1046:11 December
607:Royal Docks
592:The Highway
553:Heron Quays
492:(GLC), the
362:during the
247:Development
235:(1868) and
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1492:Categories
1462:51°30′18″N
1422:South Bank
1042:. BBC News
947:References
873:Kensington
715:North Quay
700:Wood Wharf
646:Cutty Sark
403:Felixstowe
276:lightermen
217:East India
209:West India
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1098:6 October
960:Ted Johns
880:Telehouse
668:in 2009.
630:Greenwich
567:Transport
457:June 2021
428:does not
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261:dockyards
257:Dry docks
253:Wet docks
178:Southwark
138:Greenwich
122:Southwark
1427:West End
1382:East End
1308:Archived
1296:Archived
1221:29 March
1154:. London
894:See also
682:Dagenham
654:Lewisham
650:Deptford
500:and the
390:and the
280:lighters
233:Millwall
231:(1855),
223:(1820),
198:Georgian
166:medieval
130:Lewisham
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1025:The B1M
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853:Economy
780:Hackney
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648:museum—
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1268:ISBN
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1160:2014
1133:2012
1100:2020
1074:2023
1048:2018
988:2024
884:LINX
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