1038:
135:
239:
songs were reportedly recorded in
Chinese characters in the 1st century, and survive in quotations from the 7th century. The transmission through Chinese makes interpretation difficult, but most authors believe the language to be Lolo-Burmese or a close relative.
391:
Lama (2012) recognizes 9 unambiguous coherent groups of Lolo-Burmese languages, whereas
Bradley considers there to be 5 groups (Burmish, Southern Ngwi, Northern Ngwi, Southeastern Ngwi, and Central Ngwi).
214:
that preceded
Burmese in Burma is sometimes linked to the Lolo-Burmese family, but there is no good evidence for any particular classification, and it is best left unclassified within Sino-Tibetan.
1450:
1441:
199:(Moso) within the family is unclear, and it is often left as a third branch besides Loloish and Burmish. Lama (2012) considers it to be a branch of Loloish, while
764:
Phylogenetic inference of the Tibeto-Burman languages or On the usefulness of lexicostatistics (and "Megalo"-comparison) for the subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman
1692:
697:
835:
179:, and for this reason has sometimes been avoided. Shafer (1966–1974) used the term "Burmic" for the Lolo-Burmese languages. The Chinese term is
281:
Bradley (1997, quoted in Peiros 1997) gives the following classification for the Lolo-Burmese languages. In later publications, in place of
176:
725:
558:
1685:
828:
1037:
3002:
1678:
1562:
2609:
821:
550:
3012:
2112:
1620:
1567:
1223:
17:
3007:
2345:
1613:
1268:
1190:
906:
2530:
1807:
469:
2224:
1513:
960:
881:
681:
522:
1594:
1197:
1010:
262:
1588:
1374:
1258:
578:
253:
70:
2981:
1750:
1745:
1634:
1627:
1341:
844:
448:
160:
60:
1957:
1577:
1527:
1083:
183:, after the Chinese name for Burmese and one of several words for Tai, reassigned to replace
2039:
2791:
1389:
1235:
1181:
798:
Yunnan
Province Gazetteer, volume 59: ethnic minority languages and orthographies gazetteer
211:
8:
2915:
2485:
2132:
1572:
1162:
989:
920:
574:
426:
2373:
1709:
1413:
1022:
888:
718:
Languages of the
Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region
503:
396:
365:
343:
290:
94:
621:
604:
125:
2965:
2814:
2521:
2418:
2305:
2235:
2089:
2069:
2044:
1794:
1765:
1521:
1481:
1459:
1424:
1418:
1383:
1321:
1315:
1295:
1089:
1077:
1060:
968:
914:
894:
721:
554:
546:
Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and
Philosophy of Sino-Tibetan Reconstruction
436:
431:
421:
411:
406:
401:
379:
373:
330:
323:
258:
248:
222:
204:
200:
104:
99:
2137:
605:"Approaching the historical phonology of three highly eroded Sino-Tibetan languages"
2941:
2936:
2931:
2883:
2846:
2776:
2669:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2355:
2340:
2325:
2104:
2084:
2074:
2064:
2059:
2049:
2029:
2009:
1996:
1947:
1886:
1780:
1542:
1502:
1472:
1446:
1396:
1354:
1263:
1240:
1133:
1113:
1070:
995:
858:
783:
751:
662:
658:
616:
416:
236:
196:
1120:
494:
Löffler, Lorenz G. (1966). "The contribution of Mru to Sino-Tibetan linguistics".
2836:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2710:
2690:
2456:
2446:
2436:
2413:
2408:
2335:
2295:
2274:
2054:
2034:
2024:
2014:
1952:
1901:
1891:
1871:
1845:
1840:
1775:
1770:
1755:
1534:
1488:
1347:
1229:
1168:
1002:
949:
940:
926:
347:
229:
226:
110:
55:
689:
Tibeto-Burman languages of the
Himalayas, Papers in South East Asian linguistics
530:
Tibeto-Burman languages of the
Himalayas, Papers in South East Asian linguistics
2851:
2841:
2771:
2751:
2746:
2715:
2674:
2580:
2575:
2554:
2549:
2512:
2502:
2492:
2461:
2388:
2383:
2178:
2152:
2122:
2094:
2079:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1921:
1911:
1906:
1896:
1876:
1820:
1740:
1724:
1604:
1582:
1496:
1465:
1401:
1361:
1335:
1309:
1286:
1209:
1155:
1127:
1096:
974:
900:
351:
318:
294:
156:
48:
2996:
2888:
2867:
2786:
2781:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2664:
2659:
2649:
2633:
2628:
2595:
2585:
2570:
2507:
2497:
2471:
2466:
2451:
2441:
2431:
2378:
2368:
2363:
2320:
2290:
2269:
2253:
2243:
2210:
2168:
2147:
2142:
2127:
2117:
2019:
2004:
1977:
1942:
1937:
1916:
1881:
1866:
1850:
1835:
1760:
1328:
1250:
1016:
981:
933:
134:
65:
1663:
indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
2796:
2654:
2330:
2248:
2194:
2173:
1982:
1302:
1218:
1174:
1103:
544:
307:
218:
2590:
1670:
1648:
863:
788:
771:
813:
507:
755:
1641:
1282:
1047:
854:
119:
354:, Mantsi–Mo'ang) to be divergent. He did not include Mru or Ugong.
1143:
1056:
871:
1052:
867:
152:
44:
698:"The Characteristics of the Burmic Family of Tibeto-Burman"
649:
Bradley, David (2005). "Sanie and language loss in China".
470:"The Characteristics of the Burmic Family of Tibeto-Burman"
221:
to be closely related to or part of Lolo-Burmese, while
796:
Yunnan
Province Geography Gazetteer Committee (1998).
496:
Zeitschrift der
Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft
269:
branch that includes the two subbranches of Burmic (
342:Lama (2012), in a study of 36 languages, finds the
651:International Journal of the Sociology of Language
261:(i.e. Naxi-Qiangic) and Lolo-Burmese. Similarly,
2994:
750:(PhD thesis). University of Texas at Arlington.
691:. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 1–71.
532:. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 1–71.
217:Löffler (1966) and Bradley (1997) consider the
1512:
959:
602:
1686:
829:
461:
27:Sino-Tibetan language group of Southeast Asia
1373:
682:"Tibeto-Burman languages and classification"
603:Jacques, Guillaume; Michaud, Alexis (2011).
523:"Tibeto-Burman languages and classification"
810:) (1991). Beijing: Social Sciences Press .
1700:
1693:
1679:
836:
822:
766:. Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University.
276:
843:
787:
715:
620:
243:
769:
542:
257:branch with two primary subbranches, Na-
251:& Alexis Michaud (2011) argue for a
695:
679:
648:
637:The Position of Namuyi in Tibeto-Burman
520:
493:
467:
14:
2995:
762:Satterthwaite-Phillips, Damian. 2011.
596:
573:
285:, David Bradley instead uses the term
187:by the Chinese government after 1950.
1674:
817:
776:Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area
742:) . Beijing: Minzu University Press .
270:
190:
748:Subgrouping of Nisoic (Yi) Languages
745:
586:Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies
579:"A New Study of the Pai-lang Songs"
24:
800:. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press .
25:
3024:
622:10.1075/dia.28.4.02jac.additional
1036:
177:derogatory characters in Chinese
133:
673:
746:Lama, Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan (2012).
663:10.1515/ijsl.2005.2005.173.159
642:
629:
567:
551:University of California Press
536:
514:
487:
159:form a coherent branch of the
13:
1:
454:
171:Until ca. 1950, the endonym
7:
734:Huang, Bufan , ed. (1992).
543:Matisoff, James A. (2003).
442:
273:Lolo-Burmese) and Qiangic.
203:has suggested that it is a
10:
3029:
716:van Driem, George (2001).
2974:
2958:
2924:
2908:
2901:
2876:
2860:
2829:
2822:
2813:
2764:
2739:
2683:
2642:
2621:
2608:
2563:
2542:
2529:
2520:
2484:
2354:
2313:
2304:
2283:
2262:
2234:
2223:
2203:
2187:
2161:
2103:
1995:
1930:
1859:
1828:
1819:
1806:
1793:
1733:
1717:
1708:
1658:
1603:
1555:
1440:
1281:
1249:
1207:
1142:
1045:
1034:
852:
770:Thurgood, Graham (1974).
132:
118:
88:
56:Linguistic classification
54:
37:
32:
705:Language and Linguistics
477:Language and Linguistics
289:based on a conservative
265:(2008) also proposes an
166:
804:Zangmian yuyin he cihui
736:A Tibeto-Burman Lexicon
696:Bradley, David (2012).
680:Bradley, David (1997).
521:Bradley, David (1997).
468:Bradley, David (2012).
277:Internal classification
3003:Lolo-Burmese languages
2650:Sani (Southeastern Yi)
1702:Lolo-Burmese languages
635:Bradley, David. 2008.
449:Proto-Loloish language
244:External relationships
225:includes Mruic in the
1563:Central Tibeto-Burman
772:"Lolo–Burmese rhymes"
267:Eastern Tibeto-Burman
3013:Languages of Myanmar
2610:Southeastern Loloish
789:10.15144/LTBA-1.1.98
2613:(Southeastern Ngwi)
2550:Nuosu (Northern Yi)
2447:Lolopo (Central Yi)
1621:Proto-Tibeto-Burman
161:Sino-Tibetan family
3008:Languages of India
2629:Nisu (Southern Yi)
1614:Proto-Sino-Tibetan
1556:Proposed groupings
370:Core Lolo-Burmese
312:Core Lolo-Burmese
191:Possible languages
2990:
2989:
2975:(Proto-languages)
2954:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2897:
2896:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2760:
2759:
2604:
2603:
2571:Nasu (Eastern Yi)
2555:Nyisu (Yellow Yi)
2480:
2479:
2427:
2426:
2321:Lalo (Western Yi)
2219:
2218:
1991:
1990:
1789:
1788:
1668:
1667:
1551:
1550:
1436:
1435:
1277:
1276:
1032:
1031:
727:978-90-04-12062-4
560:978-0-520-09843-5
249:Guillaume Jacques
201:Guillaume Jacques
175:was written with
141:
140:
16:(Redirected from
3020:
2925:Nuclear Southern
2906:
2905:
2827:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2619:
2618:
2540:
2539:
2531:Northern Loloish
2527:
2526:
2311:
2310:
2232:
2231:
1826:
1825:
1817:
1816:
1808:Southern Loloish
1804:
1803:
1734:Nuclear Mondzish
1715:
1714:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1510:
1509:
1371:
1370:
1205:
1204:
1040:
957:
956:
838:
831:
824:
815:
814:
793:
791:
759:
731:
712:
702:
692:
686:
667:
666:
657:(173): 159–176.
646:
640:
633:
627:
626:
624:
600:
594:
593:
583:
575:Coblin, W. South
571:
565:
564:
540:
534:
533:
527:
518:
512:
511:
491:
485:
484:
474:
465:
272:
227:Northeast Indian
195:The position of
147:languages (also
137:
128:
30:
29:
21:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3017:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2970:
2946:
2920:
2893:
2872:
2856:
2801:
2756:
2735:
2679:
2638:
2614:
2612:
2600:
2559:
2535:
2534:(Northern Ngwi)
2533:
2516:
2476:
2423:
2350:
2300:
2279:
2258:
2227:
2225:Central Loloish
2215:
2199:
2183:
2157:
2099:
1987:
1926:
1855:
1812:
1811:(Southern Ngwi)
1810:
1799:
1797:
1785:
1729:
1704:
1699:
1669:
1664:
1654:
1605:Proto-languages
1599:
1547:
1514:Greater Siangic
1508:
1445:
1432:
1369:
1273:
1245:
1203:
1147:
1138:
1050:
1041:
1028:
961:Greater Magaric
955:
882:West Himalayish
862:
848:
842:
728:
700:
684:
676:
671:
670:
647:
643:
634:
630:
601:
597:
581:
572:
568:
561:
541:
537:
525:
519:
515:
492:
488:
472:
466:
462:
457:
445:
389:
340:
279:
246:
193:
169:
124:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3026:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2884:Lhao Vo (Maru)
2880:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2740:Riverine Phula
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2684:Highland Phula
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2616:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2537:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2229:
2228:(Central Ngwi)
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1823:
1814:
1801:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1609:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1595:Tibeto-Kanauri
1592:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1568:Kuki-Chin–Naga
1565:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1518:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1469:
1456:
1454:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1379:
1377:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1291:
1289:
1287:Southeast Asia
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1226:
1224:Angami–Pochuri
1221:
1215:
1213:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1178:
1166:
1159:
1151:
1149:
1148:Burmese border
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1081:
1066:
1064:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1006:
999:
987:
986:
985:
978:
965:
963:
954:
953:
946:
945:
944:
937:
930:
918:
911:
910:
909:
904:
892:
885:
877:
875:
850:
849:
841:
840:
833:
826:
818:
812:
811:
801:
794:
767:
760:
743:
732:
726:
713:
693:
675:
672:
669:
668:
641:
628:
595:
566:
559:
535:
513:
502:(1): 118–159.
486:
459:
458:
456:
453:
452:
451:
444:
441:
440:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
388:
387:
386:
385:
384:
383:
382:(Nisoic, Ngwi)
377:
368:
362:(Niso-Burmic)
356:
339:
338:
337:
336:
335:
334:
328:
327:
326:
321:
315:Ugong–Burmish
310:
299:
295:Sanie language
278:
275:
245:
242:
192:
189:
168:
165:
157:Southern China
151:languages) of
139:
138:
130:
129:
122:
116:
115:
114:
113:
107:
102:
97:
90:
86:
85:
84:
83:
82:
81:
80:
79:
58:
52:
51:
49:Southeast Asia
41:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3025:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2983:
2982:Proto-Loloish
2980:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:High Northern
2828:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1662:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1635:Proto-Karenic
1632:
1630:
1629:
1628:Proto-Loloish
1625:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1589:Tibeto-Burman
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1375:Burmo-Qiangic
1372:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1269:Jingpho–Luish
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1000:
998:
997:
993:
992:
991:
988:
984:
983:
979:
977:
976:
972:
971:
970:
967:
966:
964:
962:
958:
952:
951:
947:
943:
942:
938:
936:
935:
931:
929:
928:
924:
923:
922:
919:
917:
916:
912:
908:
907:Baram–Thangmi
905:
903:
902:
898:
897:
896:
893:
891:
890:
886:
884:
883:
879:
878:
876:
873:
869:
865:
860:
856:
851:
846:
839:
834:
832:
827:
825:
820:
819:
816:
809:
805:
802:
799:
795:
790:
785:
782:(1): 98–107.
781:
777:
773:
768:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
741:
737:
733:
729:
723:
719:
714:
711:(1): 171–192.
710:
706:
699:
694:
690:
683:
678:
677:
664:
660:
656:
652:
645:
638:
632:
623:
618:
614:
610:
606:
599:
591:
587:
580:
576:
570:
562:
556:
553:. p. 6.
552:
548:
547:
539:
531:
524:
517:
509:
505:
501:
497:
490:
483:(1): 171–192.
482:
478:
471:
464:
460:
450:
447:
446:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
394:
393:
381:
378:
375:
372:
371:
369:
367:
364:
363:
361:
358:
357:
355:
353:
349:
345:
332:
329:
325:
322:
320:
317:
316:
314:
313:
311:
309:
306:
305:
304:
301:
300:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
274:
268:
264:
263:David Bradley
260:
256:
255:
254:Burmo-Qiangic
250:
241:
238:
233:
231:
228:
224:
220:
215:
213:
208:
206:
202:
198:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
136:
131:
127:
123:
121:
117:
112:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
92:
91:
87:
78:
75:
74:
72:
71:Burmo-Qiangic
69:
68:
67:
66:Tibeto-Burman
64:
63:
62:
59:
57:
53:
50:
46:
42:
36:
31:
19:
2877:Mid Northern
1701:
1660:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1587:
1533:
1526:
1501:
1487:
1480:
1471:
1464:
1423:
1408:Lolo-Burmese
1407:
1406:
1382:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1228:
1196:
1189:
1180:
1173:
1161:
1154:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1076:
1069:
1021:
1015:
1001:
994:
980:
973:
948:
939:
932:
925:
913:
899:
887:
880:
845:Sino-Tibetan
807:
803:
797:
779:
775:
763:
747:
739:
735:
717:
708:
704:
688:
674:Bibliography
654:
650:
644:
636:
631:
612:
608:
598:
589:
585:
569:
549:. Berkeley:
545:
538:
529:
516:
499:
495:
489:
480:
476:
463:
390:
360:Lolo-Burmese
359:
341:
303:Lolo-Burmese
302:
286:
282:
280:
266:
252:
247:
234:
219:Mru language
216:
212:Pyu language
209:
194:
184:
180:
172:
170:
148:
145:Lolo-Burmese
144:
142:
89:Subdivisions
77:Lolo-Burmese
76:
61:Sino-Tibetan
40:distribution
33:Lolo-Burmese
18:Lolo-Burmese
2615:(Axi-Puoid)
1649:Proto-Hakka
1578:Mahakiranti
1084:East Bodish
864:Uttarakhand
756:10106/11161
615:: 468–498.
609:Diachronica
230:areal group
2997:Categories
2916:Intha-Danu
2909:Intha-Danu
1543:Idu–Taraon
1497:Miju–Meyor
1390:Gyalrongic
1236:Tangkhulic
1011:Raji–Raute
592:: 179–216.
455:References
207:language.
38:Geographic
2643:Sani–Azha
2486:Kazhuoish
1813:(Hanoish)
1642:Proto-Min
1573:Macro-Bai
1451:Arunachal
1444:(possible
1259:Boro–Garo
1163:Kuki-Chin
1146:and Indo-
1061:Arunachal
1048:Himalayas
1023:Tandrange
990:Chepangic
921:Dhimalish
855:Himalayas
720:. Brill.
427:Kazhuoish
346:cluster (
120:Glottolog
43:Southern
2966:Pai-lang
2959:Pai-lang
2902:Southern
2823:Northern
2536:(Nisoid)
2419:Gomotage
2090:Khongsat
2070:Phongset
2045:Sangkong
1766:Muangphe
1710:Mondzish
1447:isolates
1414:Mondzish
1342:Cai–Long
1090:Tshangla
1046:Eastern
889:Tamangic
859:Himachal
853:Western
847:branches
577:(1979),
508:43369896
443:See also
397:Mondzish
376:(Burmic)
366:Mondzish
344:Mondzish
223:Matisoff
126:lolo1265
95:Mondzish
2942:Tavoyan
2937:Rakhine
2932:Burmese
2847:Chashan
2815:Burmish
2670:Alingpo
2522:Nisoish
2404:Laizisi
2399:Kuamasi
2394:Kua-nsi
2341:Xuzhang
2326:Yangliu
2306:Lisoish
2284:Nusoish
2263:Lahoish
2236:Lawoish
2085:Bantang
2075:Phunyot
2065:Phongku
2060:Laoseng
2050:Tsukong
2030:Sinsali
2010:Laomian
1948:Baihong
1887:Luomian
1795:Loloish
1781:Mongphu
1661:Italics
1522:Siangic
1503:Songlin
1482:Kho-Bwa
1460:Hrusish
1442:Dubious
1425:Loloish
1419:Burmish
1384:Qiangic
1355:Longjia
1322:Karenic
1316:Nungish
1296:Sinitic
1182:Hkongso
1144:Myanmar
1114:Gongduk
1078:Tibetic
996:Chepang
969:Magaric
915:Kiranti
895:Newaric
437:Nisoish
432:Lisoish
422:Nusoish
412:Lahoish
407:Hanoish
402:Burmish
380:Loloish
374:Burmish
331:Loloish
324:Burmish
293:in the
291:autonym
283:Loloish
259:Qiangic
237:Bailang
205:Qiangic
181:Mian–Yi
105:Loloish
100:Burmish
2837:Achang
2765:others
2731:Zokhuo
2726:Thopho
2721:Phukha
2711:Laghuu
2691:Khlula
2564:Nasoid
2543:Nosoid
2457:Hlersu
2437:Toloza
2414:Sonaga
2409:Zibusi
2374:Lang'e
2356:Taloid
2336:Mangdi
2314:Laloid
2296:Zauzou
2275:Kucong
2133:Phana’
2105:Siloid
2055:Laopan
2035:Cantan
2025:Phunoi
2015:Laopin
1997:Bisoid
1953:Bukong
1902:Guozuo
1892:Angluo
1872:Nuomei
1846:Muteun
1841:Chepya
1821:Hanoid
1800:(Ngwi)
1776:Motang
1771:Mauphu
1756:Mantsi
1535:Milang
1489:Puroik
1473:Mijiic
1397:Ersuic
1348:Caijia
1264:Konyak
1230:Meitei
1134:Chamdo
1071:Bodish
1057:Bhutan
1003:Bhujel
950:Lepcha
941:Lhokpu
927:Dhimal
872:Sikkim
724:
557:
506:
417:Naxish
348:Mondzi
333:(Ngwi)
271:a.k.a.
235:Three
149:Burmic
2852:Zaiwa
2842:Lashi
2772:Pholo
2752:Phupa
2747:Phola
2716:Phowa
2675:Samei
2581:Luoji
2576:Chesu
2513:Meuma
2503:Sanie
2493:Katso
2462:Micha
2389:Naruo
2384:Popei
2179:Kaduo
2162:Bi-Ka
2153:Gokhy
2138:Wanyä
2123:Cosao
2095:Habei
2080:Cauho
2040:Cốông
1973:Duota
1968:Duoni
1963:Suobi
1931:Haoni
1922:Kabie
1912:Yiche
1907:Gehuo
1897:Guohe
1877:Nuobi
1751:Mango
1746:Manga
1741:Maang
1725:Kathu
1718:Kathu
1466:Hruso
1362:Luren
1336:Kathu
1310:Tujia
1198:Taman
1169:Mruic
1156:Karbi
1097:Basum
1053:Tibet
975:Magar
901:Newar
868:Nepal
808:ZMYYC
701:(PDF)
685:(PDF)
582:(PDF)
526:(PDF)
504:JSTOR
473:(PDF)
352:Maang
319:Ugong
167:Names
153:Burma
111:Mruic
45:China
2889:Pela
2868:Hpon
2861:Hpon
2787:Xiqi
2782:Long
2777:Ache
2706:Moji
2701:Muzi
2696:Muji
2665:Azha
2660:Azhe
2634:Lope
2622:Nisu
2596:Aluo
2586:Gepo
2508:Sadu
2498:Samu
2472:Limi
2467:Lamu
2452:Mili
2442:Lipo
2432:Lisu
2379:Tagu
2369:Lavu
2364:Talu
2291:Nusu
2270:Lahu
2254:Lewu
2244:Lawu
2211:Jino
2204:Jino
2169:Piyo
2148:Luma
2143:Akeu
2128:Paza
2118:Khir
2113:Sila
2020:Pyen
2005:Bisu
1978:Asuo
1958:Budu
1943:Woni
1938:Honi
1917:Qidi
1882:Lami
1867:Hani
1860:Hani
1851:Muda
1836:Akha
1829:Akha
1798:(Yi)
1761:Maza
1583:Rung
1528:Koro
1402:Naic
1329:Gong
1285:and
1283:East
1241:Zeme
1210:Naga
1128:Tani
1121:ĘĽOle
1017:Dura
982:Kham
934:Toto
722:ISBN
655:2005
555:ISBN
287:Ngwi
210:The
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