593:
478:; and although they had divided amongst themselves all North Wales, except the land of Conan, and although David, having married the sister of king Henry II, by whom he had one son, was powerfully supported by the English, yet within a few years the legitimate son, destitute of lands or money (by the aid of divine vengeance), bravely expelled from North Wales those who were born in public incest, though supported by their own wealth and by that of others, leaving them nothing but what the liberality of his own mind and the counsel of good men from pity suggested: a proof that adulterous and incestuous persons are displeasing to God.
340:
2401:. There is, however, a genealogical problem as the Elen who was widowed in 1266 seems to have been too young to be the same woman who married Máel Coluim II in 1230. Her older children with Domhall came of age in the 1290s, if they were the same person this would have placed her childbearing years way past her 50s. As a solution, it has been later claimed that she was the daughter of Dafydd ap Llywelyn instead of Llywelyn himself, nevertheless, this is not corroborated by her wedding date of 1230. Alternatively, British medievalist
443:
1397:
1457:, in 1205. Llywelyn and Joan had three identified children in the records but in all probability had more, as Llywelyn's children were fully recognized during his marriage to Joan whilst his father-in-law, King John, was alive. Little is known of Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch, his union with her was not recognised by the church, she was the daughter of Llywarch "Goch". After Joan's death, Llywelyn took Eva the daughter of
891:
1251:
686:
675:
1209:
legitimate". The Pope welcomed the fact that
Llywelyn was abolishing this custom. In 1226, Llywelyn persuaded the Pope to declare his wife Joan, Dafydd's mother, to be a legitimate daughter of King John, again in order to strengthen Dafydd's position, and in 1229, the English crown accepted Dafydd's homage for the lands he would inherit from his father. In 1238, Llywelyn held a council at
1365:"Among the chieftains who battled against the Anglo-Norman power his place will always be high if not indeed the highest of all, for no man ever made better or more judicious use of the native force of the Welsh people for adequate national ends; his patriotic statesmanship will always entitle him to wear the proud style of Llywelyn the Great".
38:
1107:"Prince of North Wales", but from that year he changed his title to "Prince of Aberffraw and Lord of Snowdon". He was, however, more concerned with the reality of power rather than its appearance. He never claimed or used the title "Prince of Wales" despite his authority extending over other rulers in Wales.
623:
of Powys, who was now his main rival in Wales. The clergy intervened to make peace between
Llywelyn and Gwenwynwyn and the invasion was called off. Elise ap Madog, lord of Penllyn, had refused to respond to Llywelyn's summons to arms and was stripped of almost all his lands by Llywelyn as punishment.
369:
Little is known about his father, Iorwerth
Drwyndwn, who died when Llywelyn was an infant. There is no record of Iorwerth having taken part in the power struggle between some of Owain Gwynedd's other sons following Owain's death, although he was the eldest surviving son. There is a tradition that he
1330:
Dafydd succeeded
Llywelyn as Prince of Gwynedd, but King Henry was not prepared to allow him to inherit his father's position in the remainder of Wales. Dafydd was forced to agree to a treaty greatly restricting his power and was also obliged to hand his half-brother Gruffydd over to the king, who
611:
from
Maredudd ap Cynan on a charge of treachery. In July, the same year Llywelyn concluded a treaty with King John of England. This is the earliest surviving written agreement between an English king and a Welsh ruler, and under its terms, Llywelyn was to swear fealty and do homage to the king. In
846:
comments: "The leader in military alliance assumed the role of lord, his erstwhile allies were now his vassals." Gwenwynwyn of Powys changed sides again that year and allied himself with King John. Llywelyn called up the other princes for a campaign against him and drove him out of southern Powys
1377:
of Wales rested on shaky foundations. Although he had dominated Wales, exacted unprecedented submissions and raised the status of the Prince of
Gwynedd to new heights, his three major ambitions – a permanent hegemony, its recognition by the king, and its inheritance in its entirety by his heir –
1208:
to have Dafydd's succession confirmed. The original petition has not been preserved but the Pope's reply refers to the "detestable custom... in his land whereby the son of the handmaiden was equally heir with the son of the free woman and illegitimate sons obtained an inheritance as if they were
743:
captured. Llywelyn was forced to come to terms, and by the advice of his council sent his wife Joan to negotiate with the king, her father. Joan was able to persuade her father not to dispossess her husband completely, but
Llywelyn lost all his lands east of the River Conwy. He also had to pay a
747:
This was the low point of
Llywelyn's reign, but he quickly recovered his position. The other Welsh princes, who had supported King John against Llywelyn, soon became disillusioned with John's rule and changed sides. Llywelyn formed an alliance with Gwenwynwyn of Powys and the two main rulers of
724:
and retreated west of the River Conwy. The Earl of
Chester rebuilt Deganwy, and Llywelyn retaliated by ravaging the Earl's lands. John sent troops to help restore Gwenwynwyn to the rule of southern Powys. In 1211, John invaded Gwynedd with the aid of almost all the other Welsh princes, planning
322:
lords and sometimes with the king, but also made alliances with several major powers in the
Marches. The Peace of Middle in 1234 marked the end of Llywelyn's military career, as the agreed truce of two years was extended year by year for the remainder of his reign. He maintained his position in
2330:
granted the upbringing of "L. princeps Norwallie et Johanna uxor sua et... soror nostra Susannam filiam suam" to "Nicholao de Verdun et Clementie uxori sue" by order dated 24 November 1228. Her birth date is estimated on the assumption that Susanna was under marriageable age, but older than an
1081:
Following his capture, William de Braose decided to ally himself to Llywelyn, and a marriage was arranged between his daughter Isabella and Llywelyn's heir, Dafydd ap Llywelyn. At Easter 1230, William visited Llywelyn's court. During this visit, he was found in Llywelyn's chamber together with
1262:
Joan died in 1237 and Llywelyn appears to have suffered a paralytic stroke the same year. From this time on, his heir Dafydd took an increasing part in the rule of the kingdom. Dafydd deprived his half-brother Gruffydd of the lands given him by Llywelyn and later seized him and his eldest son
771:
John planned another invasion of Gwynedd in August 1212. According to one account, he had just commenced by hanging some of the Welsh hostages given the previous year when he received two letters. One was from his daughter Joan, Llywelyn's wife, the other from William I of Scotland
776:), and both warned him in similar terms that if he invaded Wales his magnates would seize the opportunity to kill him or hand him over to his enemies. The invasion was abandoned, and in 1213, Llywelyn took the castles of Deganwy and Rhuddlan. Llywelyn made an alliance with
1059:
of England and Ireland and one of the most powerful men in the kingdom. Hubert had been given the lordship and castle of Montgomery by the king and was encroaching on Llywelyn's lands nearby. The king raised an army to help Hubert, who began to build another castle in the
1185:, would follow him as ruler of Gwynedd and amended Welsh law as followed in Gwynedd. Llywelyn's amendment to Welsh law favouring legitimate children in a Church sanctioned marriage mirrored the earlier efforts of the Lord Rhys, Prince of Deheubarth, in designating
1100:, written shortly after the execution enquires whether she still wishes the marriage between Dafydd and Isabella to take place. The marriage did go ahead, and the following year Joan was forgiven and restored to her position as princess.
1064:
of Ceri. However, in October the royal army was obliged to retreat and Henry agreed to destroy the half-built castle in exchange for the payment of £2,000 by Llywelyn. Llywelyn raised the money by demanding the same sum as the ransom of
764:. Innocent III released Llywelyn, Gwenwynwyn and Maelgwn from all oaths of loyalty to John and lifted the interdict in the territories which they controlled. Llywelyn was able to recover all Gwynedd apart from the castles of Deganwy and
497:
Rhodri died in 1195, and his lands west of the Conwy were taken over by Gruffudd and Maredudd, while Llywelyn ruled the territories taken from Dafydd east of the Conwy. In 1197, Llywelyn captured Dafydd and imprisoned him. A year later
1159:
had succeeded him as Earl of Pembroke. In 1233, hostilities broke out between Richard Marshal and Peter de Rivaux, who was supported by the king. Llywelyn made an alliance with Richard, and in January 1234 the earl and Llywelyn seized
474:, which in Welsh means "flat-nosed", who had a son named Lhewelyn. This young man, being only twelve years of age, began, during the period of our journey, to molest his uncles David and Roderic, the sons of Owen by Christiana, his
1201:, was therefore excluded as the primary heir of Llywelyn, though would be given lands to rule. This was a departure from Welsh custom, which held that the eldest son was his father's heir regardless of his parents' marital status.
1115:
In 1231, there was further fighting. Llywelyn was becoming concerned about the growing power of Hubert de Burgh. Some of his men had been taken prisoner by the garrison of Montgomery and beheaded, and Llywelyn responded by burning
905:
with his successor Henry III in 1218. This treaty confirmed him in possession of all his recent conquests. From then until his death Llywelyn was the dominant force in Wales, though there were further outbreaks of hostilities with
1048:. Llywelyn came to an agreement with the king at Montgomery in October that year. Llywelyn's allies in South Wales were given back lands taken from them by the Marshals and Llywelyn himself gave up his conquests in Shropshire.
2261:
with local variations. However, all sons were provided for out of the lands of the father and in certain circumstances so too were daughters. Additionally, sons could claim maternal patrimony through their mother in certain
1164:. Richard was killed in Ireland in April, but the king agreed to make peace with the insurgents. The Peace of Middle, agreed on 21 June, established a truce of two years with Llywelyn, who was allowed to retain Cardigan and
1217:
to Dafydd. Llywelyn's original intention had been that they should do homage to Dafydd, but the king wrote to the other rulers forbidding them to do homage. Additionally, King Llywelyn arranged for his son Dafydd to marry
744:
large tribute in cattle and horses and to hand over hostages, including his illegitimate son Gruffydd and was forced to agree that if he died without a legitimate heir by Joan, all his lands would revert to the king.
2405:
proposes that Susanna was the daughter Llywelyn who married Máel Coluim II, and that she predeceased him, which would make his widow Elen an entirely different person, unrelated to Llywelyn the Great and his
1092:"That year William de Braose the Younger, Lord of Abergavenny, was hanged by the lord Llywelyn in Gwynedd after he had been caught in Llywelyn's chamber with the king of England's daughter, Llywelyn's wife."
1237:
but his rule was said to be oppressive, and in 1221 Llywelyn stripped him of these territories. In 1228, Llywelyn imprisoned him, and he was not released until 1234. On his release, he was given part of
298:
in 1208, Llywelyn took the opportunity to annex southern Powys. In 1210, relations deteriorated, and John invaded Gwynedd in 1211. Llywelyn was forced to seek terms and to give up all lands east of the
407:
refers to Iorwerth Drwyndwn as the only legitimate son of Owain Gwynedd. Following Iorwerth's death, Llywelyn was, at least in the eyes of the church, the legitimate claimant to the throne of Gwynedd.
969:
to their previous Anglo-Norman owners. He built a number of castles to defend his borders, most thought to have been built between 1220 and 1230. These were the first sophisticated stone castles in
4256:
1222:, eldest daughter of William de Braose. As William de Braose had no male heir, Llywelyn strategized that the vast de Braose holdings in South Wales would pass to the heir of Dafydd with Isabella.
731:"to dispossess Llywelyn and destroy him utterly". The first invasion was forced to retreat, but in August that year John invaded again with a larger army, crossed the River Conwy and penetrated
2209:
One letter from the Pope suggests that Llywelyn may have been married previously, to an unnamed sister of Earl Ranulph of Chester in about 1192, but there appears to be no confirmation of this.
1461:
as his wife. As well as children from his marriage to Joan, he also had children out of wedlock to a Welsh concubine. The following are recorded in contemporary or near-contemporary records:
2222:, compiled in Gwynedd during Llywelyn's reign, claims precedence for the ruler of Aberffraw, the ancient court, over the rulers of the other Welsh kingdoms. See Aled Rhys William (1960)
803:
Llywelyn had now established himself as the leader of the independent princes of Wales, and in December 1215, led an army which included all the lesser princes to capture the castles of
282:, in 1170. Llywelyn had a strong claim to be the legitimate ruler and began a campaign to win power at an early age. He was sole ruler of Gwynedd by 1200 and made a treaty with King
2187:
Giraldus says that Llywelyn was only twelve years of age at this time, which would mean that he was born about 1176. However, most historians consider that he was born about 1173
1335:
in 1244. This left the field clear for Dafydd, but Dafydd himself died with illegitimate and underage issue in 1246 and was eventually succeeded by his nephew, Gruffydd's son,
1193:. In both cases, favouring legitimate children born in a Church sanctioned marriage would facilitate better relations between their sons and the wider Anglo-Norman polity and
792:, Llywelyn was rewarded with several favourable provisions relating to Wales, including the release of his son, Gruffydd, who had been a hostage since 1211. The same year,
579:). Llywelyn was probably not in fact master of all Gwynedd at this time since it was his cousin Gruffudd ap Cynan who promised homage to King John for Gwynedd in 1199.
563:, and heavily defeated. Gwenwynwyn's defeat gave Llywelyn the opportunity to establish himself as the leader of the Welsh. In 1199, he captured the important castle of
2357:
4233:
1347:
Llywelyn dominated Wales for more than 40 years and was one of only two Welsh rulers to be called "the Great", the other being his ancestor Rhodri the Great (
847:
once more. Gwenwynwyn died in England later that year, leaving an underage heir. King John also died that year, and he also left an underage heir in King
2416:
1242:
to rule. His performance this time was apparently more satisfactory and by 1238 he had been given the remainder of Llŷn and a substantial part of Powys.
278:
During Llywelyn's childhood, Gwynedd was ruled by two of his uncles, who split the kingdom between them, following the death of Llywelyn's grandfather,
993:
are among the best examples. Llywelyn also appears to have fostered the development of quasi-urban settlements in Gwynedd to act as centres of trade.
462:
In his account of his journey around Wales in 1188, Gerald mentions that the young Llywelyn was already in arms against his uncles Dafydd and Rhodri:
2402:
823:. Another indication of his growing power was that he was able to insist on the consecration of Welshmen to two vacant sees that year, Iorwerth, as
303:
but was able to recover them the following year in alliance with the other Welsh princes. He allied himself with the barons who forced John to sign
1556:
3438:
2361:
426:, and Llywelyn may have spent part of his childhood there. There is in existence a grant of land from Llywelyn ab Iorwerth to the monastery of
2314:
1382:, had been merely personal in nature, and there was no institutional framework to maintain it either during his lifetime or after his death".
4428:
2143:, owned by Llywelyn and mistakenly killed by him, is also considered to be fiction. "Gelert's grave" is a popular tourist attraction in
399:. This marriage was not considered valid by the church as Cristin was Owain's first cousin, a degree of relationship which according to
4200:
935:
709:
612:
return, it confirmed Llywelyn's possession of his conquests and allowed cases relating to lands claimed by Llywelyn to be heard under
3906:
2128:(1960–1963) "The Heaven Tree Trilogy" features Llywelyn, Joan, William de Braose, and several of Llywelyn's sons as major characters.
704:, who had fallen out with the king and had been deprived of his lands. While John led a campaign against de Braose and his allies in
4184:. Genealogical Publishing Com. pp. 27, 29A–27, 29A–28, 132C–29, 176B–27, 177, 184A–9, 236–237, 246–30, 254–28, 254–29, 260–31.
2116:(2003) by the same author features the young Llywelyn before he gained power in Gwynedd. Llywelyn further appears in Penman's novel
957:
Llywelyn was careful not to provoke unnecessary hostilities with the crown or the Marcher lords; for example, in 1220, he compelled
650:
in October and then arrested him and stripped him of his lands. Llywelyn took the opportunity to annex southern Powys and northern
692:
c. 1217. Yellow: areas directly ruled by Llywelyn; Grey: areas ruled by Llywelyn's client princes; Green: Anglo-Norman lordships.
366:, which was built by Llywelyn himself. He may have been born in the old castle which occupied a rocky knoll on the valley floor.
2257:
the eldest son of the lord and entitled to inheirit the position and title as "head of the family" from the father. Effectively
592:
2147:
but is thought to have been created by an 18th century innkeeper to boost the tourist trade. The tale itself is a variation on
701:
560:
552:
4244:
4138:
4113:
4091:
4072:
4053:
4031:
3958:
3935:
3849:
3113:
3013:
2865:
1414:
1156:
997:
1351:). The first person to give Llywelyn the title "the Great" seems to have been his near contemporary, the English chronicler
4418:
4413:
1490:
939:
1204:
In 1220, Llywelyn induced the minority government of King Henry to acknowledge Dafydd as his heir. In 1222, he petitioned
4408:
918:, and sometimes with the king. Llywelyn built up marriage alliances with several of the Marcher families. One daughter,
878:
where Reginald de Braose met him to offer submission and to surrender the town. He then continued westwards to threaten
1151:
Negotiations continued into 1232 when Hubert was removed from office and later imprisoned. Much of his power passed to
487:
483:
4275:
4167:
3916:
3788:
2510:
1436:
842:
to adjudicate on the territorial claims of the lesser princes, who affirmed their homage and allegiance to Llywelyn.
4222:
3870:
3812:
2275:
or heir by the ruler, for the succession which created a family struggle. For a discussion of this, see Stephenson.
1528:
286:
that year. Llywelyn's relations with John remained good for the next ten years. He married John's natural daughter
43:
4270:
539:. After Rhys died in 1197, fighting between his sons led to the splitting of Deheubarth between warring factions.
640:
2353:
2336:
870:, was induced by the English crown to change sides. Llywelyn responded by invading his lands, first threatening
4189:
3776:
3246:
2467:
1504:
1418:
1313:
926:
of Brecon and Abergavenny, but with Reginald an unreliable ally Llywelyn married another daughter, Marared, to
882:
where the burgesses offered hostages for their submission to his rule or the payment of a fine of 1,000 marks.
555:. Llywelyn sent troops to help Gwenwynwyn, but in August Gwenwynwyn's force was attacked by an army led by the
3806:
946:
in about 1222. Following Reginald de Braose's death in 1228, Llywelyn also made an alliance with the powerful
3827:
3688:
3613:
3500:
2078:
1066:
1052:
915:
4398:
2148:
619:
Llywelyn made his first move beyond the borders of Gwynedd in August 1202 when he raised a force to attack
4403:
1539:
1155:, including control of several castles in south Wales. William Marshal had died in 1231, and his brother
1082:
Llywelyn's wife Joan. On 2 May, de Braose was hanged; Joan was placed under house arrest for a year. The
4276:
A stone corbel from Llywelyn's castle at Deganwy, thought to be a likeness of Llywelyn Fawr, ab Iorwerth
2973:
2631:
1016:, but agreed to abandon the attack on payment of £100. In early 1223, Llywelyn crossed the border into
4124:
3880:
1565:
ap Llywelyn (c. 1215), a son by a woman named as Crysten in some sources, a possible twin of Angharad.
800:
and was to work closely with Llywelyn (also known as Leolinus Magnus) for the remainder of his reign.
4360:
4333:
4130:
3832:
3693:
3618:
3505:
1674:
1198:
947:
272:
159:
56:
20:
760:, who had been engaged in a dispute with John for several years and had placed his kingdom under an
2175:
2166:
According to one genealogy, Llywelyn had a brother named Adda, but there is no other record of him.
603:
Gruffudd ap Cynan died in 1200 and left Llywelyn the undisputed ruler of Gwynedd. In 1201, he took
503:
377:
3864:
1331:
now had the option of using him against Dafydd. Gruffydd was killed attempting to escape from the
1044:
without opposition. The Marshals' campaign was supported by a royal army which took possession of
3101:
2365:
2092:
Llywelyn is the main character or one of the main characters in several English-language novels:
2081:
in Joan's chamber and his execution by Llywelyn. Another well-known Welsh play about Llywelyn is
1552:
1407:
636:
547:, tried to take over as leader of the Welsh princes, and in 1198, raised a great army to besiege
392:
388:
268:
177:
74:
4002:
4423:
4370:
1786:
1264:
169:
3977:
4388:
2398:
2086:
2051:
1454:
396:
314:
Following King John's death, Llywelyn concluded the Treaty of Worcester with his successor,
4393:
4177:
2427:, who for a period occupied a position in Wales comparable to that of his grandfather, and
2424:
2369:
2340:
2327:
2059:
1797:
1379:
1336:
1210:
1181:
In his later years, Llywelyn devoted much effort to ensuring that his only legitimate son,
1037:
848:
828:
717:
315:
3805:
3274:
2100:
covers the period from King John's invasion in 1211 to the execution of William de Braose.
414:, prince of Powys. There is evidence that after Iorwerth's death Marared married into the
318:, in 1218. During the next fifteen years, Llywelyn was frequently involved in fights with
8:
4021:
2969:
1562:
1486:
1450:
1186:
943:
824:
777:
628:
491:
287:
185:
164:
139:
3765:
4343:
4289:
3560:
3432:
2428:
2335:
was her maternal grandmother and that Susanna was the daughter of Llywelyn who married
2332:
2306:
2066:) have survived. Very little of this poetry has been published in English translation.
1923:
1912:
1827:
1812:
1685:
1474:
1470:
1289:, died having taken on the habit of religion at Aberconwy, and was buried honourably."
1219:
1182:
1145:
1025:
986:
923:
902:
855:
812:
655:
548:
363:
343:
328:
200:
154:
84:
47:
3947:
874:, where the burgesses offered hostages for the payment of 100 marks, then heading for
784:, then allied himself with the barons who were in rebellion against John, marching on
4185:
4163:
4134:
4109:
4087:
4068:
4049:
4027:
4017:
3964:
3954:
3931:
3912:
3845:
3784:
3242:
3109:
3009:
3001:
2861:
2608:
2506:
2463:
2310:
2197:
2118:
2103:
1575:
1358:
1273:
1205:
1117:
1084:
1045:
951:
843:
757:
727:
697:
632:
471:
455:
411:
384:, in 1174 during the wars deciding the succession following the death of his father.
373:
351:
210:
146:
3495:
1239:
608:
4297:
3989:
2502:
2498:
2386:
2178:
was Iorwerth's full brother, but presumably he was dead by the time Giraldus wrote.
1268:
1197:
by removing any "stigma" of illegitimacy. Dafydd's older but illegitimate brother,
982:
974:
894:
832:
820:
773:
740:
713:
659:
528:
451:
339:
3822:
3683:
3608:
2200:
the late 11th and early 12th century king of Gwynedd, Llywelyn's great-grandfather
1514:, possibly identical with Susanna (born before 1230; died after 16 February 1295).
535:
the strongest of the Welsh kingdoms, and had established himself as the leader of
395:
held the west. Dafydd and Rhodri were the sons of Owain by his second marriage to
4326:
4144:
2394:
2382:
2108:
1945:
1934:
1332:
1297:
1194:
1190:
1152:
1141:
1137:
1028:
castles. The Marshals took advantage of Llywelyn's involvement here to land near
1013:
1001:
931:
816:
808:
765:
749:
700:
suggests that the rupture may have been due to Llywelyn forming an alliance with
544:
404:
358:, who had been ruler of Gwynedd until his death in 1170. He was probably born at
283:
275:
in 1195. By a combination of war and diplomacy, he dominated Wales for 45 years.
128:
117:
2234:
A history of Wales 2004 reprint, also look up, pp. 347, 369 and note 64, 82, 164
1578:
descendants from his birth in the late 12th century until the end of the family
410:
Llywelyn's mother was Marared, occasionally anglicised to Margaret, daughter of
3859:
2390:
2125:
2074:
2055:
1500:
1458:
990:
978:
927:
911:
793:
572:
259:
250:
234:
3993:
3978:"The Welsh Wife of Malcolm, Earl of Fife (d. 1266): An Alternative Suggestion"
3968:
3863:
2493:
Brough, Gideon; Marsden, Richard (2011). "Llywelyn the Great (c. 1173–1240)".
19:"Llywelyn Fawr" redirects here. For the 13th-century Lord of Meirionnydd, see
4382:
4182:
Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700
4101:
4041:
3893:
3707:
3420:
2258:
2250:
2224:
Llyfr Iorwerth: a critical text of the Venedotian code of mediaeval Welsh law
2033:
1352:
1282:
1168:. This truce was renewed year by year for the remainder of Llywelyn's reign.
1165:
1029:
1009:
1005:
879:
736:
631:, the natural daughter of King John. He had previously been negotiating with
524:
519:
499:
431:
427:
415:
355:
319:
279:
4148:
2415:(c. 1196–1244) He was Llywelyn's eldest son. He married Senena, daughter of
2050:
A number of Welsh poems addressed to Llywelyn by contemporary poets such as
4157:
3770:
3279:
2636:
2294:
2070:
1305:
1300:, which he had founded and was buried there. This abbey was later moved to
1144:. King Henry retaliated by launching an invasion and built a new castle at
1133:
907:
447:
307:
in 1215. By 1216, he was the dominant power in Wales, holding a council at
37:
2443:
by Llywarch ap Llywelyn has been translated by Joseph P. Clancy (1970) in
788:
and capturing it without resistance in 1215. When John was forced to sign
346:
was built by Llywelyn; the old castle nearby may have been his birthplace.
4026:. Vol. II (Reprint Vol. 2 of 2 ed.). Longmans, Green & Co.
1511:
1480:
1348:
1293:
1230:
1097:
1070:
966:
919:
867:
863:
789:
646:
In 1208, Gwenwynwyn of Powys fell out with King John who summoned him to
571:
and was apparently using the title "prince of the whole of North Wales" (
564:
467:
419:
359:
304:
300:
105:
4353:
3801:
3755:
2965:
2331:
infant, at the time. It has been suggested that this Clemence, wife of
2243:
According to Hubert Lewis, though not explicitly codified as such, the
2144:
1421: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1161:
1125:
1121:
1041:
1017:
804:
785:
658:. In the summer of 1209 he accompanied John on a campaign against King
651:
647:
620:
596:
568:
540:
532:
423:
291:
3781:
Giraldus Cambrensis: The Itinerary through Wales; Description of Wales
3239:
A history of Wales: from the Norman invasion to the Edwardian conquest
2069:
Llywelyn has continued to figure in modern Welsh literature. The play
370:
was disabled or disfigured in some way that excluded him from power.
4023:
A History of Wales, from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest
1056:
1021:
958:
885:
797:
761:
753:
732:
613:
604:
556:
400:
1396:
1110:
387:
By 1175, Gwynedd had been divided between two of Llywelyn's uncles.
2420:
1309:
1286:
1255:
1226:
839:
663:
442:
308:
890:
3885:(Reprint ed.). London: Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts.
1579:
1535:
1250:
1234:
1061:
1033:
962:
875:
721:
705:
507:
195:
696:
In 1210, relations between Llywelyn and King John deteriorated.
685:
3469:
2271:
There was provision in Welsh law for the selection of a single
2245:
2140:
1301:
1214:
1129:
871:
859:
781:
674:
475:
430:, in which Llywelyn indicates his mother was a member of the
4106:
The Thirteenth Century, 1216–1307 (Oxford History of England)
3816:. Vol. 34. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 7–13.
3727:
Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th ed., 3 vol
3630:
3628:
3296:
3058:
1499:
Marared (Margaret) ferch Llywelyn (died after 1268), married
970:
689:
679:
381:
324:
295:
3170:
866:, who had been allied to Llywelyn and married his daughter,
3874:. Vol. 16. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 831.
3350:
3284:
3241:(Reprint ed.). Barnes & Noble. pp. 297, 362.
3146:
2886:
2860:(1st ed.). Llanrwst: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. p. 62.
2837:
1316:. Among the poets who lamented his passing was Einion Wan:
506:, persuaded Llywelyn to release him, and Dafydd retired to
3625:
3374:
2753:
3908:
Henry III: The Rise to Power and Personal Rule, 1207–1258
3664:
3652:
3525:
3326:
3206:
3194:
3182:
3158:
3134:
3122:
3046:
3022:
2922:
2765:
2741:
2729:
2677:
2653:
720:, invaded Gwynedd. Llywelyn destroyed his own castle at
362:
the royal manor of Nantconwy, though not in the present
4209:
Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies, XX (1962–1964)
3589:
3542:
3540:
3403:
3401:
3386:
2982:
2934:
2910:
2813:
2519:
2474:
for a detailed discussion of the Beddelgert dog legend.
2339:
in 1230, and was the mother of his children, including
1189:
as his heir over those of his illegitimate eldest son,
627:
Llywelyn consolidated his position in 1205 by marrying
3609:"BRAOSE BREOS, BRAUSE, BRIOUSE, BREWES, etc.) family."
3579:
3577:
2135:
tells the story of the early part of Llywelyn's reign.
267:, was a medieval Welsh ruler. He succeeded his uncle,
3733:
3070:
3034:
2874:
2717:
2689:
327:
until his death in 1240 and was succeeded by his son
4108:(Second ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3640:
3537:
3457:
3398:
3362:
3267:
3218:
3082:
2946:
2898:
2825:
2801:
2789:
2777:
2665:
2641:
2431:
who ruled Gwynedd briefly after his brother's death;
1051:
In 1228, Llywelyn was engaged in a campaign against
739:
was burnt by a detachment of the royal army and the
454:
were traditionally first used by Llywelyn's father,
3574:
2589:
2577:
2196:This Gruffudd ap Cynan should not be confused with
1555:(c. 1212–1256), probable daughter by Joan; married
1324:
Lord of nought but the piled up stones of his tomb,
901:Following King John's death Llywelyn concluded the
599:
of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, used on official documents
311:that year to apportion lands to the other princes.
3946:
3338:
3008:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 19.
2098:Song for a Prince: The Story of Llywelyn the Great
1496:Susanna ferch Llywelyn (died after November 1228);
1378:remained unfulfilled. His supremacy, like that of
1245:
1176:
886:Treaty of Worcester and border campaigns 1218–1229
470:, had many sons, but only one legitimate, namely,
3882:Brut y Tywysogion or The Chronicle of the Princes
3684:"LACY (DE) – lords of Ewyas, Weobley and Ludlow."
3496:"JOAN (SIWAN) (died 1237), princess and diplomat"
3255:
3236:
2112:is centred on the marriage of Llywelyn and Joan.
1312:, and Llywelyn's stone coffin can now be seen in
1111:Final campaigns and the Peace of Middle 1231–1240
756:, and rose against John. They had the support of
669:
4380:
4065:The Welsh Kings: Warriors, Warlords, and Princes
3445:
3108:(Reprint ed.). Penguin Books. p. 142.
897:is one of a number of castles built by Llywelyn.
4046:Gwynedd (A Guide to Ancient and Historic Wales)
4005:Caernarvonshire Historical Society Transactions
3762:. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown.
2462:. Friends of St Mary's Church. pp. 56–74.
950:when Gwladus Ddu married as her second husband
2613:The Dictionary of Welsh Biography Down to 1940
1320:True lord of the land – how strange that today
1148:, but was unable to penetrate far into Wales.
1132:before turning west to capture the castles of
934:, Reginald's nephew. He found a loyal ally in
851:with a minority government set up in England.
16:Prince of Gwynedd and de facto Prince of Wales
4263:(First ed.). University of Wales Press.
3729:. Delaware: Genealogical books. p. 4183.
3315:
3313:
3311:
2492:
2457:
2315:Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore
922:("Gwladus the Dark"), was already married to
582:
376:states that Iorwerth was killed in battle at
4000:
527:. Since the death of Owain Gwynedd in 1170,
517:, the areas ruled by the Welsh princes, and
3949:The age of conquest : Wales, 1063–1415
2632:The historical works of Giraldus Cambrensis
2460:Beddgelert: Its Facts, Fairies and Folklore
2218:The version of the Welsh laws preserved in
1503:in 1219, and had issue. Secondly (c. 1232)
1361:gave the following assessment of Llywelyn:
1140:. He completed the campaign by recapturing
1000:in 1220. Llywelyn destroyed the castles of
4122:
3758:; Ellis, Henry; et al., eds. (1830).
3437:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3380:
3308:
3302:
2372:and first wife Elizabeth Comyn of Buchan).
1096:A letter from Llywelyn to William's wife,
936:Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester
710:Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester
587:
437:
391:held the area east of the River Conwy and
3904:
3176:
2975:The Heraldic Visitation of Wales, Vol. I,
1437:Learn how and when to remove this message
1326:Of the seven-foot grave in which he lies.
350:Llywelyn was born about 1173, the son of
4198:
3878:
3595:
3558:
3512:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3392:
3356:
3290:
3152:
2988:
2940:
2916:
2892:
2843:
2819:
2706:
2704:
2626:
2624:
2622:
1574:The family tree of Llywelyn the Great's
1342:
1249:
1103:Until 1230, Llywelyn had used the title
1076:
1073:, whom he had captured in the fighting.
889:
684:
673:
641:Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles
591:
441:
338:
4100:
3975:
3892:
3706:
3634:
3583:
3212:
2525:
4381:
4201:"The Succession to Gwynedd, 1238–1247"
4155:
3944:
3844:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
3820:
3739:
3724:
3670:
3658:
3646:
3546:
3531:
3475:
3320:
3100:
3076:
3040:
2880:
2759:
2723:
2695:
2571:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
1547:Children whose parentage is uncertain:
1171:
702:William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber
643:. However, this proposal was dropped.
561:Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex
553:William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber
4271:Impression from Llywelyn's Great Seal
4081:
4062:
4040:
4016:
3839:
3775:
3754:
3481:
3463:
3419:
3407:
3368:
3332:
3261:
3224:
3200:
3188:
3164:
3140:
3128:
3088:
3064:
3052:
3028:
3006:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd: Prince of Wales
3000:
2952:
2928:
2904:
2855:
2831:
2807:
2795:
2783:
2771:
2747:
2735:
2711:
2701:
2683:
2671:
2659:
2647:
2619:
2607:
2595:
2583:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2313:, with whom she had 3 sons including
2045:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1943:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1795:
1793:
1784:
1738:
1696:
1683:
1681:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1642:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1582:of Gwynedd in the late 14th century:
998:William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
482:In 1194, with the aid of his cousins
258:
233:
4176:
3976:Hurlock, Kathryn (28 October 2009).
3925:
3858:
3451:
3344:
2964:
2073:(1956, English translation 1960) by
1491:John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon
1419:adding citations to reliable sources
1390:
1369:David Moore gives a different view:
1213:where the other Welsh princes swore
940:John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon
838:In 1216, Llywelyn held a council at
403:prohibited marriage. The chronicler
4067:(3rd ed.). Tempus Publishing.
3953:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3842:The Acts of Welsh Rulers, 1120–1283
3427:. Vol. 5. London. p. 718.
1510:Elen (the younger) ferch Llywelyn,
13:
4429:People from Llanfihangel-y-Pennant
2531:
2393:, who was the mother of the first
2255:by convention, custom and practice
1254:Llywelyn's stone coffin is now in
551:, which was held by the troops of
494:at the mouth of the River Conwy.
14:
4440:
4239:from the original on 13 May 2021.
4215:
2441:In praise of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
2062:(better known under the nickname
531:had made the southern kingdom of
466:Owen, son of Gruffyth, prince of
3871:Dictionary of National Biography
3813:Dictionary of National Biography
3712:Welsh Genealogies, A.D. 300–1400
2450:
2434:
2139:The story of the faithful hound
1531:, became a hostage of King John;
1529:Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Iorwerth
1395:
1373:"When Llywelyn died in 1240 his
1277:records that in 1240, "the lord
1032:in April with an army raised in
678:Statue of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth,
290:in 1205, and when John arrested
245:– 11 April 1240), also known as
36:
3898:Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts
3800:
3718:
3700:
3676:
3601:
3552:
3519:
3413:
3230:
3094:
2994:
2958:
2849:
2615:. Blackwell Group. p. 417.
2409:
2375:
2346:
2320:
2299:
2287:
2278:
2265:
2237:
2228:
2212:
2203:
2190:
2181:
1406:needs additional citations for
1246:Death and the transfer of power
1177:Arrangements for the succession
42:Llywelyn (left) with his sons,
4162:. Conwy: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch.
4084:The Welsh Wars of Independence
3982:The Scottish Historical Review
3561:"The Medieval Mortimer Family"
2601:
2503:10.1002/9781444338232.wbeow367
2486:
2169:
2160:
1569:
942:, married Llywelyn's daughter
670:Setback and recovery 1210–1217
1:
3828:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
3821:Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959).
3689:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
3614:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
3501:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
2480:
2381:Elen and Domhall's daughter,
916:Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent
635:for leave to marry his uncle
621:Gwenwynwyn ab Owain Cyfeiliog
510:, where he died in May 1203.
334:
239:
98:
4205:archaeologydataservice.ac.uk
3900:. University of Wales Press.
3807:"Llywelyn ab Iorwerth"
3766:Monasticon Anglicanum (1846)
3714:. University of Wales Press.
2364:, and secondly (after 1266)
2354:Máel Coluim II, Earl of Fife
2337:Máel Coluim II, Earl of Fife
1493:and (2) Robert II de Quincy;
490:, he defeated Dafydd at the
235:[ɬəˈwɛlɪnabˈjɔrwɛrθ]
7:
4419:13th-century Welsh monarchs
4414:12th-century Welsh monarchs
3423:(1880). H. R. Luard (ed.).
1540:Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath
1534:Gwenllian, married William
1386:
1314:St Grwst's Church, Llanrwst
996:Hostilities broke out with
768:within two months in 1212.
10:
4445:
4409:Burials at Aberconwy Abbey
4123:Stephenson, David (1984).
3748:
3237:John Edward Lloyd (2004).
2389:and had one child by him,
2077:deals with the finding of
1519:Children by Tangwystl Goch
1322:He rules not o'er Gwynedd;
1281:, Prince of Wales, son of
583:Reign as Prince of Gwynedd
18:
4367:
4361:Prince of Powys Wenwynwyn
4358:
4350:
4340:
4331:
4323:
4318:
4283:
4131:University of Wales Press
4126:The Governance of Gwynedd
4048:. The Stationery Office.
4001:Jones-Pierce, T. (1962).
3994:10.3366/e0036924109000900
3911:. Yale University Press.
3905:Carpenter, David (2020).
3833:National Library of Wales
3795:Translated by R. C. Hoare
3694:National Library of Wales
3619:National Library of Wales
3506:National Library of Wales
3478:, pp. 83, 86, 89–91.
3275:The Ancient Laws of Wales
2445:The earliest Welsh poetry
1992:
1990:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1850:
1848:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1489:(1207–1253), married (1)
948:Roger Mortimer of Wigmore
938:, whose nephew and heir,
577:tocius norwallie princeps
216:
206:
194:
145:
135:
123:
111:
94:
90:
80:
70:
62:
55:
35:
30:
21:Llywelyn Fawr ap Maredudd
4199:Williams, G. A. (1964).
4159:Twenty-One Welsh Princes
3840:Pryce, Huw, ed. (2005).
3725:Mosley, Charles (2003).
3067:, pp. 645, 657–658.
2176:Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd
2154:
504:Archbishop of Canterbury
4063:Maund, Kari L. (2006).
3879:Williams, John (1860).
2495:The Encyclopedia of War
2366:Domhnall I, Earl of Mar
2149:a common folktale motif
2131:Gaius Demetrius (2006)
1553:Angharad ferch Llywelyn
1473:(c. 1212–1246) married
1088:chronicler commented:
588:Consolidation 1200–1209
513:Wales was divided into
438:Rise to power 1188–1199
269:Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd
260:[ɬəˈwɛlɪnvaʊ̯r]
178:Angharad ferch Llywelyn
75:Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd
4371:Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn
4245:"Llywelyn ab Iorwerth"
4156:Turvey, Roger (2010).
3945:Davies, R. R. (1992).
3823:"LLYWELYN ap IORWERTH"
3783:. Everyman's Library.
2458:D. E. Jenkins (1899).
2423:. Their sons included
2358:Duncan Macduff of Fife
2096:Raymond Foxall (1959)
1787:Owain Goch ap Gruffydd
1505:Walter III de Clifford
1453:, natural daughter of
1384:
1367:
1328:
1259:
1225:Gruffydd was given an
898:
693:
682:
600:
576:
480:
459:
452:royal house of Gwynedd
347:
254:
182:Susanna ferch Llywelyn
174:Marared ferch Llywelyn
4285:Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
4178:Weis, Frederick Lewis
4086:. Tempus Publishing.
4082:Moore, David (2005).
3887:Caradoc of Llancarfan
3760:Monasticon Anglicanum
2856:Gater, Dilys (1991).
2399:Robert II of Scotland
2052:Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr
1455:John, King of England
1371:
1363:
1343:Historical assessment
1318:
1292:Llywelyn died at the
1253:
1077:Marital problems 1230
893:
688:
677:
595:
464:
445:
397:Cristin verch Goronwy
342:
4295:Cadet branch of the
4223:"Llywelyn the Great"
4042:Lynch, Frances M. B.
3926:Carr, A. D. (1995).
2858:The Battles of Wales
2762:, pp. 229, 241.
2425:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
2370:William, Earl of Mar
2352:She married firstly
2341:Colban, Earl of Fife
2328:Henry III of England
2284:Translated by Lloyd
2060:Llywarch ap Llywelyn
1798:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
1675:Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
1415:improve this article
1380:Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
1337:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
1279:Llywelyn ap Iorwerth
1271:. The chronicler of
1211:Strata Florida Abbey
1008:, burnt the town of
829:Cadwgan of Llandyfai
798:seneschal of Gwynedd
718:Bishop of Winchester
354:and the grandson of
227:Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
186:Tegwared ap Llywelyn
160:Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
31:Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
4399:Monarchs of Gwynedd
4257:"Brut y Tywysogion"
3930:. Macmillan Press.
3637:, pp. 352–355.
3359:, pp. 182–183.
3335:, pp. 414–415.
3305:, pp. 138–141.
3293:, pp. 393–413.
3203:, pp. 675–676.
3191:, pp. 673–675.
3179:, pp. 232–233.
3167:, pp. 428–429.
3155:, pp. 190–191.
3143:, pp. 667–670.
3131:, pp. 661–663.
3055:, pp. 652–653.
3031:, pp. 649–651.
2970:Samuel Rush Meyrick
2931:, pp. 112–113.
2895:, pp. 158–159.
2846:, pp. 155–156.
2774:, pp. 622–623.
2750:, pp. 616–617.
2738:, pp. 613–614.
2686:, pp. 585–586.
2662:, pp. 497–498.
1563:Tegwared y Bais Wen
1487:Elen ferch Llywelyn
1187:Gruffydd ap Rhys II
1172:Death and aftermath
1071:Lord of Abergavenny
944:Elen ferch Llywelyn
910:, particularly the
903:Treaty of Worcester
825:Bishop of St Davids
639:widow, daughter of
629:Joan, Lady of Wales
525:Anglo-Norman barons
492:Battle of Aberconwy
220:Marared ferch Madog
165:Elen ferch Llywelyn
140:Joan, Lady of Wales
4404:House of Aberffraw
4344:Dafydd ap Llywelyn
4290:House of Aberffraw
4018:Lloyd, John Edward
3673:, pp. 83, 86.
3661:, pp. 83, 85.
3534:, pp. 86, 90.
3106:A History of Wales
3002:Smith, J. Beverley
2429:Dafydd ap Gruffydd
2333:Nicholas of Verdun
2307:Reginald de Braose
2133:Ascent of an Eagle
2046:Cultural allusions
1924:Llywelyn ap Dafydd
1913:Gwenllian of Wales
1828:Rhodri ap Gruffudd
1813:Dafydd ap Gruffydd
1686:Dafydd ap Llywelyn
1475:Isabella de Braose
1471:Dafydd ap Llywelyn
1260:
1220:Isabella de Braose
1105:princeps Norwalliæ
924:Reginald de Braose
899:
856:Reginald de Braose
778:Philip II Augustus
694:
683:
656:Aberystwyth Castle
601:
460:
364:Dolwyddelan Castle
348:
344:Dolwyddelan Castle
329:Dafydd ap Llywelyn
247:Llywelyn the Great
155:Dafydd ap Llywelyn
85:Dafydd ap Llywelyn
4377:
4376:
4368:Succeeded by
4341:Succeeded by
4140:978-0-7083-0850-9
4115:978-0-19-821708-4
4093:978-0-7524-3321-9
4074:978-0-7524-2973-1
4055:978-0-11-701574-6
4033:978-1-334-06136-3
3960:978-0-19-167814-1
3937:978-0-333-54773-1
3894:Bartrum, Peter C.
3851:978-0-7083-1897-3
3708:Bartrum, Peter C.
3570:. pp. 15–16.
3215:, pp. 51–55.
3115:978-0-140-14581-6
3015:978-0-7083-1474-6
2867:978-0-86381-178-4
2528:, pp. 95–96.
2417:Caradoc ap Thomas
2317:, and a daughter;
2311:Ralph de Mortimer
2198:Gruffudd ap Cynan
2104:Sharon Kay Penman
2079:William de Braose
2043:
2042:
1465:Children by Joan:
1449:Llywelyn married
1447:
1446:
1439:
1359:John Edward Lloyd
1274:Brut y Tywysogion
1267:and held them in
1206:Pope Honorius III
1118:Montgomery, Powys
1085:Brut y Tywysogion
1067:William de Braose
973:; his castles at
952:Ralph de Mortimer
844:J. Beverley Smith
758:Pope Innocent III
728:Brut y Tywysogion
708:, an army led by
698:John Edward Lloyd
633:Pope Innocent III
488:Maredudd ap Cynan
484:Gruffudd ap Cynan
472:Iorwerth Drwyndwn
456:Iorwerth Drwyndwn
412:Madog ap Maredudd
378:Pennant Melangell
374:John Edward Lloyd
352:Iorwerth Drwyndwn
263:), anglicised as
224:
223:
211:Iorwerth Drwyndwn
4436:
4351:Preceded by
4324:Preceded by
4314:
4307:
4298:House of Gwynedd
4281:
4280:
4267:
4252:
4240:
4238:
4227:
4211:
4195:
4173:
4152:
4119:
4102:Powicke, Maurice
4097:
4078:
4059:
4037:
4013:
4011:Aber Gwyn Gregin
4009:. Vol. 23.
3997:
3972:
3952:
3941:
3922:
3901:
3889:
3875:
3867:
3865:"Llewelyn"
3855:
3836:
3817:
3809:
3797:
3763:
3743:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3623:
3622:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3572:
3571:
3565:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3492:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3436:
3428:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3324:
3317:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3288:
3282:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3234:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3019:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2708:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2628:
2617:
2616:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2568:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2490:
2475:
2473:
2454:
2448:
2438:
2432:
2413:
2407:
2387:Robert the Bruce
2379:
2373:
2350:
2344:
2324:
2318:
2305:She married (1)
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2276:
2269:
2263:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2226:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2201:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2119:Falls the Shadow
1585:
1584:
1442:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1399:
1391:
1269:Criccieth Castle
833:Bishop of Bangor
774:William the Lion
741:Bishop of Bangor
714:Peter des Roches
660:William the Lion
529:Rhys ap Gruffydd
262:
244:
241:
237:
232:
103:
100:
40:
28:
27:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4364:
4356:
4346:
4337:
4334:King of Gwynedd
4329:
4327:Dafydd ap Owain
4308:
4302:
4301:
4293:
4286:
4265:Peniarth MS. 20
4255:
4243:
4236:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4192:
4170:
4141:
4116:
4094:
4075:
4056:
4034:
3961:
3938:
3919:
3860:Stephen, Leslie
3852:
3791:
3751:
3746:
3738:
3734:
3723:
3719:
3705:
3701:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3669:
3665:
3657:
3653:
3645:
3641:
3633:
3626:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3594:
3590:
3582:
3575:
3563:
3557:
3553:
3545:
3538:
3530:
3526:
3517:
3513:
3494:
3493:
3482:
3474:
3470:
3462:
3458:
3450:
3446:
3430:
3429:
3425:Chronica Majora
3418:
3414:
3406:
3399:
3391:
3387:
3383:, p. xxii.
3381:Stephenson 1984
3379:
3375:
3367:
3363:
3355:
3351:
3343:
3339:
3331:
3327:
3318:
3309:
3303:Stephenson 1984
3301:
3297:
3289:
3285:
3272:
3268:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3235:
3231:
3223:
3219:
3211:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3187:
3183:
3175:
3171:
3163:
3159:
3151:
3147:
3139:
3135:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3099:
3095:
3087:
3083:
3075:
3071:
3063:
3059:
3051:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3027:
3023:
3016:
2999:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2963:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2939:
2935:
2927:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2903:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2854:
2850:
2842:
2838:
2830:
2826:
2818:
2814:
2806:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2770:
2766:
2758:
2754:
2746:
2742:
2734:
2730:
2722:
2718:
2709:
2702:
2694:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2670:
2666:
2658:
2654:
2646:
2642:
2629:
2620:
2606:
2602:
2594:
2590:
2582:
2578:
2569:
2532:
2524:
2520:
2513:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2470:
2455:
2451:
2439:
2435:
2414:
2410:
2403:Kathryn Hurlock
2395:Stewart monarch
2383:Isabella of Mar
2380:
2376:
2351:
2347:
2325:
2321:
2304:
2300:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2270:
2266:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2109:Here Be Dragons
2048:
2036:
1949:
1946:Tomas ap Rhodri
1938:
1935:Owain ap Dafydd
1927:
1916:
1831:
1816:
1801:
1790:
1689:
1678:
1572:
1523:(died c. 1198):
1512:Countess of Mar
1443:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1412:
1400:
1389:
1345:
1333:Tower of London
1325:
1323:
1321:
1304:, becoming the
1248:
1195:Catholic Church
1191:Maelgwn ap Rhys
1179:
1174:
1153:Peter de Rivaux
1142:Cardigan Castle
1113:
1079:
1053:Hubert de Burgh
1036:and recaptured
1014:Pembroke Castle
1012:and threatened
961:to return four
888:
750:Maelgwn ap Rhys
672:
590:
585:
545:Powys Wenwynwyn
523:, ruled by the
440:
432:house of Corbet
405:Gerald of Wales
393:Rhodri ab Owain
389:Dafydd ab Owain
337:
284:John of England
273:King of Gwynedd
265:Leolinus Magnus
242:
230:
190:
131:
129:Aberconwy Abbey
118:Aberconwy Abbey
116:
104:
101:
57:King of Gwynedd
51:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4442:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4366:
4357:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4339:
4330:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4319:Regnal titles
4316:
4315:
4294:
4287:
4284:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4253:
4241:
4230:cadw.gov.wales
4217:
4216:External links
4214:
4213:
4212:
4196:
4190:
4174:
4168:
4153:
4139:
4120:
4114:
4098:
4092:
4079:
4073:
4060:
4054:
4038:
4032:
4014:
3998:
3988:(2): 352–355.
3973:
3959:
3942:
3936:
3928:Medieval Wales
3923:
3917:
3902:
3896:, ed. (1966).
3890:
3876:
3862:, ed. (1888).
3856:
3850:
3837:
3818:
3804:, ed. (1893).
3798:
3789:
3777:Hoare, Richard
3773:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3732:
3717:
3699:
3675:
3663:
3651:
3639:
3624:
3600:
3598:, p. 305.
3588:
3573:
3568:mortimer.co.uk
3559:Ian Mortimer.
3551:
3536:
3524:
3511:
3480:
3468:
3466:, p. 126.
3456:
3444:
3421:Paris, Matthew
3412:
3410:, p. 693.
3397:
3395:, p. 198.
3385:
3373:
3371:, p. 692.
3361:
3349:
3337:
3325:
3323:, p. 249)
3307:
3295:
3283:
3266:
3254:
3247:
3229:
3227:, p. 681.
3217:
3205:
3193:
3181:
3177:Carpenter 2020
3169:
3157:
3145:
3133:
3121:
3114:
3093:
3091:, p. 135.
3081:
3079:, p. 298.
3069:
3057:
3045:
3043:, p. 242.
3033:
3021:
3014:
2993:
2991:, p. 167.
2981:
2978:. p. xiv.
2957:
2955:, p. 646.
2945:
2943:, p. 165.
2933:
2921:
2919:, p. 162.
2909:
2907:, p. 445.
2897:
2885:
2883:, p. 295.
2873:
2866:
2848:
2836:
2834:, p. 193.
2824:
2822:, p. 154.
2812:
2810:, p. 192.
2800:
2798:, p. 632.
2788:
2786:, p. 631.
2776:
2764:
2752:
2740:
2728:
2726:, p. 294.
2716:
2714:, p. 109)
2700:
2698:, p. 239.
2688:
2676:
2674:, p. 187.
2664:
2652:
2650:, p. 186.
2640:
2618:
2600:
2598:, p. 185.
2588:
2586:, p. 156.
2576:
2530:
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2484:
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2468:
2449:
2433:
2408:
2391:Marjorie Bruce
2374:
2345:
2319:
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2264:
2262:circumstances.
2236:
2227:
2220:Llyfr Iorwerth
2211:
2202:
2189:
2180:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2126:Edith Pargeter
2123:
2101:
2075:Saunders Lewis
2064:Prydydd y Moch
2056:Dafydd Benfras
2047:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2029:
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1961:
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1954:
1952:
1951:
1950:1300–1325–1363
1942:
1940:
1939:1275–1287–1325
1931:
1929:
1928:1267–1283–1287
1920:
1918:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
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1817:1238–1282–1283
1809:
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1802:1223–1246–1282
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1690:1212–1240–1246
1682:
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1568:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1557:Maelgwn Fychan
1544:
1543:
1532:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1501:John de Braose
1497:
1494:
1484:
1478:
1459:Fulk FitzWarin
1445:
1444:
1403:
1401:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1344:
1341:
1258:parish church.
1247:
1244:
1178:
1175:
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1112:
1109:
1094:
1093:
1078:
1075:
991:Castell y Bere
928:John de Braose
912:Marshal family
887:
884:
796:was appointed
794:Ednyfed Fychan
671:
668:
589:
586:
584:
581:
520:Marchia Wallia
439:
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41:
33:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4427:
4425:
4424:Welsh princes
4422:
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4417:
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4313:11 April 1240
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4169:9781845272692
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3918:9780300238358
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3808:
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3799:
3796:
3792:
3790:0-460-00272-4
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3742:, p. 13.
3741:
3736:
3728:
3721:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3679:
3672:
3667:
3660:
3655:
3649:, p. 83.
3648:
3643:
3636:
3631:
3629:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3604:
3597:
3596:Williams 1860
3592:
3585:
3580:
3578:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3549:, p. 86.
3548:
3543:
3541:
3533:
3528:
3521:
3515:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3477:
3472:
3465:
3460:
3453:
3448:
3440:
3434:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3409:
3404:
3402:
3394:
3393:Williams 1860
3389:
3382:
3377:
3370:
3365:
3358:
3357:Williams 1860
3353:
3347:, p. 60.
3346:
3341:
3334:
3329:
3322:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3304:
3299:
3292:
3291:Williams 1860
3287:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3270:
3263:
3258:
3250:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3221:
3214:
3209:
3202:
3197:
3190:
3185:
3178:
3173:
3166:
3161:
3154:
3153:Williams 1860
3149:
3142:
3137:
3130:
3125:
3117:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3090:
3085:
3078:
3073:
3066:
3061:
3054:
3049:
3042:
3037:
3030:
3025:
3017:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2990:
2989:Williams 1860
2985:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2954:
2949:
2942:
2941:Williams 1860
2937:
2930:
2925:
2918:
2917:Williams 1860
2913:
2906:
2901:
2894:
2893:Williams 1860
2889:
2882:
2877:
2869:
2863:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2844:Williams 1860
2840:
2833:
2828:
2821:
2820:Williams 1860
2816:
2809:
2804:
2797:
2792:
2785:
2780:
2773:
2768:
2761:
2756:
2749:
2744:
2737:
2732:
2725:
2720:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2697:
2692:
2685:
2680:
2673:
2668:
2661:
2656:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2635:, p. 403, at
2634:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2597:
2592:
2585:
2580:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2527:
2522:
2514:
2512:9781405190374
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2485:
2471:
2465:
2461:
2453:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2281:
2274:
2268:
2260:
2259:primogeniture
2256:
2252:
2251:Heir apparent
2248:
2247:
2240:
2231:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2206:
2199:
2193:
2184:
2177:
2172:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2114:Dragon's Lair
2111:
2110:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:Llywelyn Fawr
2080:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2040:
2035:
2034:Owain Lawgoch
1999:
1997:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1937:
1936:
1926:
1925:
1915:
1914:
1901:
1898:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1837:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1815:
1814:
1800:
1799:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1780:
1768:
1766:
1754:
1752:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1714:
1712:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1677:
1676:
1659:
1656:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1441:
1438:
1430:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1404:This section
1402:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1353:Matthew Paris
1350:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1283:Owain Gwynedd
1280:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1257:
1252:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1020:and captured
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:Haverfordwest
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
955:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
908:marcher lords
904:
896:
892:
883:
881:
880:Haverfordwest
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
852:
850:
845:
841:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
745:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:
725:according to
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
691:
687:
681:
676:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
622:
617:
615:
610:
606:
598:
594:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
521:
516:
511:
509:
505:
501:
500:Hubert Walter
495:
493:
489:
485:
479:
477:
476:cousin-german
473:
469:
463:
457:
453:
449:
444:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:Corbet family
413:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
365:
361:
357:
356:Owain Gwynedd
353:
345:
341:
332:
330:
326:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:Owain Gwynedd
276:
274:
270:
266:
261:
256:
255:Llywelyn Fawr
252:
248:
236:
228:
219:
215:
212:
209:
205:
202:
199:
197:
193:
187:
184:
181:
179:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
152:
150:
148:
144:
141:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
115:11 April 1240
114:
110:
107:
97:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
49:
46:(centre) and
45:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
4389:1170s births
4359:
4332:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4288:
4264:
4260:
4248:
4229:
4208:
4204:
4181:
4158:
4125:
4105:
4083:
4064:
4045:
4022:
4010:
4006:
4003:
3985:
3981:
3948:
3927:
3907:
3897:
3886:
3881:
3869:
3841:
3826:
3811:
3794:
3780:
3771:Google Books
3764:
3759:
3735:
3726:
3720:
3711:
3702:
3687:
3678:
3666:
3654:
3642:
3635:Hurlock 2009
3612:
3603:
3591:
3584:Hurlock 2009
3567:
3554:
3527:
3514:
3499:
3471:
3459:
3447:
3424:
3415:
3388:
3376:
3364:
3352:
3340:
3328:
3298:
3286:
3280:Google Books
3273:
3269:
3257:
3238:
3232:
3220:
3213:Powicke 1962
3208:
3196:
3184:
3172:
3160:
3148:
3136:
3124:
3105:
3102:Davies, John
3096:
3084:
3072:
3060:
3048:
3036:
3024:
3005:
2996:
2984:
2974:
2960:
2948:
2936:
2924:
2912:
2900:
2888:
2876:
2857:
2851:
2839:
2827:
2815:
2803:
2791:
2779:
2767:
2755:
2743:
2731:
2719:
2691:
2679:
2667:
2655:
2643:
2637:Google Books
2630:
2612:
2609:Lloyd, J. E.
2603:
2591:
2579:
2526:Bartrum 1966
2521:
2494:
2488:
2459:
2452:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2411:
2377:
2362:Alice Corbet
2348:
2322:
2301:
2295:Rolls Series
2289:
2280:
2272:
2267:
2254:
2244:
2239:
2230:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2205:
2192:
2183:
2171:
2162:
2138:
2132:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2097:
2091:
2087:Thomas Parry
2082:
2068:
2063:
2049:
1944:
1933:
1922:
1911:
1826:
1811:
1796:
1785:
1684:
1673:
1604:
1573:
1546:
1545:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1483:(1206–1251);
1464:
1463:
1448:
1433:
1427:October 2023
1424:
1413:Please help
1408:verification
1405:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1346:
1329:
1319:
1306:Maenan Abbey
1291:
1278:
1272:
1261:
1224:
1203:
1180:
1150:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1095:
1083:
1080:
1050:
995:
956:
900:
853:
837:
802:
770:
748:Deheubarth,
746:
726:
695:
654:and rebuild
645:
626:
618:
602:
543:, prince of
536:
518:
514:
512:
496:
481:
465:
461:
409:
386:
372:
368:
349:
313:
277:
264:
246:
226:
225:
25:
4394:1240 deaths
4207:: 393–413.
3802:Lee, Sidney
3756:Caley, John
3740:Turvey 2010
3671:Turvey 2010
3659:Turvey 2010
3647:Turvey 2010
3547:Turvey 2010
3532:Turvey 2010
3476:Turvey 2010
3321:Davies 1992
3077:Davies 1992
3041:Davies 1992
2966:Dwnn, Lewys
2881:Davies 1992
2760:Davies 1992
2724:Davies 1992
2696:Davies 1992
2572:Pierce 1959
2293:Quote from
1570:Family tree
1481:Gwladus Ddu
1375:principatus
1349:Rhodri Mawr
1294:Cistercians
1285:, a second
1231:Meirionnydd
1146:Painscastle
1098:Eva Marshal
1026:Whittington
987:Dolwyddelan
967:South Wales
920:Gwladus Ddu
868:Gwladus Ddu
864:Abergavenny
813:Llanstephan
790:Magna Carta
549:Painscastle
537:Pura Wallia
515:Pura Wallia
468:North Wales
360:Dolwyddelan
305:Magna Carta
301:River Conwy
243: 1173
170:Gwladus Ddu
106:Dolwyddelan
102: 1173
71:Predecessor
4383:Categories
4365:1216–1240
4354:Gwenwynwyn
4338:1195–1240
4191:0806313676
3969:1301799492
3464:Moore 2005
3408:Lloyd 1911
3369:Lloyd 1911
3333:Pryce 2005
3262:Lloyd 1911
3248:0760752419
3225:Lloyd 1911
3201:Lloyd 1911
3189:Lloyd 1911
3165:Pryce 2005
3141:Lloyd 1911
3129:Lloyd 1911
3089:Lynch 1995
3065:Lloyd 1911
3053:Lloyd 1911
3029:Lloyd 1911
2953:Lloyd 1911
2929:Moore 2005
2905:Pryce 2005
2832:Maund 2006
2808:Maund 2006
2796:Lloyd 1911
2784:Lloyd 1911
2772:Lloyd 1911
2748:Lloyd 1911
2736:Lloyd 1911
2712:Moore 2005
2684:Lloyd 1911
2672:Maund 2006
2660:Caley 1830
2648:Maund 2006
2596:Maund 2006
2584:Lynch 1995
2481:References
2469:0953515214
2385:, married
2145:Beddgelert
2106:'s (1985)
1162:Shrewsbury
1122:New Radnor
1055:, who was
1046:Montgomery
1042:Carmarthen
1030:St David's
1018:Shropshire
805:Carmarthen
786:Shrewsbury
652:Ceredigion
648:Shrewsbury
569:Flintshire
541:Gwenwynwyn
533:Deheubarth
424:Shropshire
335:Early life
292:Gwenwynwyn
231:pronounced
4249:bbc.co.uk
4149:22379507M
4104:(1962) .
3452:Carr 1995
3433:cite book
3345:Carr 1995
2360:and wife
2356:, son of
2037:1330–1378
1917:1282–1337
1832:1230–1315
1679:1200–1244
1538:, son of
1298:Aberconwy
1296:abbey of
1057:Justiciar
1022:Kinnerley
983:Dolbadarn
975:Criccieth
959:Rhys Gryg
895:Criccieth
854:In 1217,
849:Henry III
821:Cilgerran
762:interdict
754:Rhys Gryg
733:Snowdonia
614:Welsh law
605:Eifionydd
557:justiciar
401:Canon law
316:Henry III
201:Aberffraw
81:Successor
66:1195–1240
4234:Archived
4180:(1992).
4044:(1995).
4020:(1911).
3779:(1908).
3710:(1974).
3104:(1994).
3004:(1998).
2968:(1846).
2611:(1959).
2421:Anglesey
2368:(son of
2309:and (2)
1605:Llywelyn
1387:Children
1310:Llanrwst
1287:Achilles
1256:Llanrwst
1227:appanage
1199:Gruffydd
1138:Kidwelly
1038:Cardigan
1002:Narberth
963:commotes
840:Aberdyfi
817:Cardigan
809:Kidwelly
766:Rhuddlan
664:Scotland
637:Rhodri's
309:Aberdyfi
44:Gruffudd
4306:c. 1173
3749:Sources
2972:(ed.).
2406:family.
2122:(1988).
1791:d. 1282
1580:dynasty
1536:de Lacy
1308:, near
1235:Ardudwy
1157:Richard
1062:commote
1034:Ireland
979:Deganwy
876:Swansea
722:Deganwy
706:Ireland
508:England
450:of the
428:Wigmore
320:Marcher
50:(right)
4309:
4188:
4166:
4147:
4137:
4112:
4090:
4071:
4052:
4030:
3967:
3957:
3934:
3915:
3848:
3787:
3245:
3112:
3012:
2864:
2509:
2466:
2273:edling
2253:, was
2246:Edling
2141:Gelert
1576:lineal
1302:Maenan
1215:fealty
1183:Dafydd
1166:Builth
1130:Brecon
1128:, and
1006:Wiston
872:Brecon
860:Brecon
827:, and
782:France
737:Bangor
712:, and
217:Mother
207:Father
136:Spouse
124:Burial
48:Dafydd
4311:Died:
4304:Born:
4237:(PDF)
4226:(PDF)
3564:(PDF)
2326:King
2155:Notes
2071:Siwan
1265:Owain
1134:Neath
971:Wales
932:Gower
831:, as
690:Wales
680:Conwy
573:Latin
382:Powys
380:, in
325:Wales
296:Powys
271:, as
251:Welsh
196:House
147:Issue
63:Reign
4186:ISBN
4164:ISBN
4135:ISBN
4110:ISBN
4088:ISBN
4069:ISBN
4050:ISBN
4028:ISBN
3965:OCLC
3955:ISBN
3932:ISBN
3913:ISBN
3846:ISBN
3785:ISBN
3439:link
3243:ISBN
3110:ISBN
3010:ISBN
2862:ISBN
2507:ISBN
2464:ISBN
2456:See
2058:and
1451:Joan
1240:Llŷn
1233:and
1136:and
1040:and
1024:and
1004:and
989:and
914:and
862:and
819:and
752:and
609:Llŷn
607:and
597:Seal
565:Mold
486:and
448:arms
446:The
420:Caux
288:Joan
112:Died
95:Born
3990:doi
3769:at
3520:Lee
3278:at
2499:doi
2419:of
2249:or
2085:by
1417:by
1229:in
1126:Hay
965:in
930:of
858:of
780:of
422:in
418:of
294:of
4385::
4259:.
4247:.
4232:.
4228:.
4203:.
4145:OL
4143:.
4133:.
4129:.
3986:88
3984:.
3980:.
3963:.
3868:.
3831:.
3825:.
3810:.
3793:.
3692:.
3686:.
3627:^
3617:.
3611:.
3576:^
3566:.
3539:^
3504:.
3498:.
3483:^
3435:}}
3431:{{
3400:^
3310:^
2703:^
2621:^
2533:^
2505:.
2497:.
2397:,
2151:.
2089:.
2054:,
1521:,
1355:.
1339:.
1124:,
1120:,
1069:,
985:,
981:,
977:,
954:.
835:.
815:,
811:,
807:,
735:.
716:,
666:.
662:,
616:.
575::
567:,
559:,
502:,
434:.
331:.
257:,
253::
240:c.
238:,
99:c.
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