758:, in which the bird actually hunts for food, varies with the type of habitat and time of year. Little owls with home-ranges that incorporate a high diversity of habitats are much smaller (< 2 ha) than those which breed in monotonous farmland (with home-ranges over 12 ha). Larger home-ranges result in increased flight activity, longer foraging trips and fewer nest visits. If a male intrudes into the territory of another, the occupier approaches and emits its territorial calls. If the intruder persists, the occupier flies at him aggressively. If this is unsuccessful, the occupier repeats the attack, this time trying to make contact with his claws. In retreat, an owl often drops to the ground and makes a low-level escape. The territory is more actively defended against a strange male as compared to a known male from a neighbouring territory; it has been shown that the little owl can recognise familiar birds by voice.
276:
814:
830:
635:
38:
785:
involved in hunting and feeding them. The young leave the nest at about 7 weeks, and can fly a week or two later. Usually there is a single brood but when food is abundant, there may be two. The energy reserves that little owl chicks are able to build up when in the nest influences their post-fledgling survival, with birds in good physical condition having a much higher chance of survival than those in poor condition. When the young disperse, they seldom travel more than about 20 km (12 mi). Pairs of birds often remain together all year round and the bond may last until one partner dies.
329:, mainly nocturnal species and is found in a range of habitats including farmland, woodland fringes, steppes and semi-deserts. It feeds on insects, earthworms, other invertebrates and small vertebrates. Males hold territories which they defend against intruders. This owl is a cavity nester and a clutch of about four eggs is laid in spring. The female does the incubation and the male brings food to the nest, first for the female and later for the newly hatched young. As the chicks grow, both parents hunt and bring them food, and the chicks leave the nest at about seven weeks of age.
743:
111:
732:
69:
233:
663:
943:. Here, little owls were traditionally sold on 29 September, after being taken from their nests and raised in human care. Only since the 1990s has this trade been officially banned; however, because of the long cultural tradition for hunting with little owls, exemptions are still granted. Thus, there is still a breeding center for little owls near Crespina, which is maintained by hunters.
675:
vicinity of ruins, quarries and rocky outcrops. It sometimes ventures into villages and suburbs. In the United
Kingdom it is chiefly a bird of the lowlands, and usually occurs below 500 m (1,600 ft). In continental Europe and Asia it may be found at much higher elevations; one individual was recorded from 3,600 m (12,000 ft) in Tibet.
674:
This is a sedentary species that is found in open countryside in a great range of habitats. These include agricultural land with hedgerows and trees, orchards, woodland verges, parks and gardens, as well as steppes and stony semi-deserts. It is also present in treeless areas such as dunes, and in the
784:
by the female who sometimes starts sitting after the first egg is laid. While she is incubating the eggs, the male brings food for her. The eggs hatch after 28 or 29 days. At first the chicks are brooded by the female and the male brings in food which she distributes to them. Later, both parents are
779:
This owl becomes more vocal at night as the breeding season approaches in late spring. The nesting location varies with habitat, nests being found in holes in trees, in cliffs, quarries, walls, old buildings, river banks and rabbit burrows. A clutch of 3 to 5 eggs is laid (occasionally 2 to 8). The
642:
The little owl is widespread across Europe, Asia and North Africa. Its range in
Eurasia extends from the Iberian Peninsula and Denmark eastwards to China and southwards to the Himalayas. In Africa it is present from Mauritania to Egypt, the Red Sea and Arabia. It was introduced to the United Kingdom
796:
has an extremely large range. It has been estimated that there are between 560 thousand and 1.3 million breeding pairs in Europe, and as Europe equates to 25 to 49% of the global range, the world population may be between 5 million and 15 million birds. The population is believed to be stable, and
607:
The little owl is a small owl with a flat-topped head, a plump, compact body and a short tail. The facial disc is flattened above the eyes giving the bird a frowning expression. The plumage is greyish-brown, spotted, streaked and barred with white. The underparts are pale and streaked with darker
703:
of indigestible material that the birds regurgitate found mammals formed 20 to 50% of the diet and insects 24 to 49%. Mammals taken included mice, rats, voles, shrews, moles and rabbits. The birds were mostly taken during the breeding season and were often fledglings, and including the chicks of
615:, is white-speckled brown above, and brown-streaked white below. It has a large head, long legs, and yellow eyes, and its white "eyebrows" give it a stern expression. Juveniles are duller, and lack the adult's white crown spots. This species has a bounding flight like a
48:
1197:
Holt, D.W.; Berkley, R.; Deppe, C.; Enríquez Rocha, P.; Petersen, J.L.; Rangel
Salazar, J.L.; Segars, K.P.; Wood, K.L.; Kirwan, G.M.; Christie, D.A. (2020). Del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David; De Juana, Eduardo (eds.).
765:
and often perches boldly and prominently during the day. If living in an area with a large amount of human activity, little owls may grow used to humans and will remain on their perch, often in full view, while people are around. The little owl has a
626:. Less frequently, various whistling or trilling calls are uttered. In the breeding season, other more modulated calls are made, and a pair may call in duet. Various yelping, chattering or barking sounds are made in the vicinity of the nest.
907:. From these areas the birds spread and had become abundant by 1900. The owls acquired a bad reputation and were believed to prey on game bird chicks. They therefore became a concern to game breeders who tried to eliminate them. In 1935 the
855:
onwards, in forms from statuettes and drawings to pottery and wooden posts, but in the main they are generic rather than identifiable to species. The little owl is, however, closely associated with the Greek goddess
922:
More common was keeping little owls to use them in so-called cottage hunting. This took advantage of the fact that many bird species react to owls with aggressive behaviour when they discover them during the day
770:
of about 16 years. However, many birds do not reach maturity; severe winters can take their toll and some birds are killed by road vehicles at night, so the average lifespan may be on the order of 3 years.
468:
has been claimed to differ genetically from other members of the species and further investigation is required. In general, the different varieties both overlap with the ranges of neighbouring groups and
918:
There is evidence that from the 19th century little owls were occasionally kept as ornamental birds. In Italy, tamed and docked little owls were kept to hunt rodents and insects in the house and garden.
47:
411:). A number of variations occur over the bird's wide range and there is some dispute over their taxonomy. The most distinct is the pale grey-brown Middle-Eastern type known as the Syrian little owl (
1797:
1390:
Staggenborg, J.; Schaefer, H. M.; Stange, C.; Naef-Daenzer, B.; Grüebler, M. U. (2017). "Time and travelling costs during chick-rearing in relation to habitat quality in Little Owls
49:
754:, the male normally remaining in one territory for life. However, the boundaries may expand and contract, being largest in the courtship season in spring. The
608:
colour. It is usually 22 cm (8.7 in) in length with a wingspan of 56 cm (22 in) for both sexes, and weighs about 180 g (6.3 oz).
1841:
872:) and in a 5th-century B.C. bronze statue of Athena holding the bird in her hand. The call of a little owl was thought to have heralded the murder of
915:. The report showed that the owls feed almost entirely on insects, other invertebrates and small mammals and thus posed little threat to game birds.
2105:
798:
333:
2157:
1793:
683:
This owl usually perches in an elevated position ready to swoop down on any small creature it notices. It feeds on prey such as insects and
2283:
1166:
2079:
931:, were practiced in Italy from 350 B.C. until the 20th century and in Germany from the 17th to the 20th century. In Italy, mainly
2118:
780:
eggs are broadly elliptical, white and without gloss; they measure about 35.5 by 29.5 mm (1.40 by 1.16 in). They are
1762:
1732:
1699:
1669:
1587:
1560:
1174:
2123:
1160:
275:
2027:
2247:
1476:
Hardouin, Loïc A.; Tabel, Pierre; Bretagnolle, Vincent (2006). "Neighbour–stranger discrimination in the little owl,
2308:
2162:
2058:
2071:
2040:
1749:
1719:
1686:
1547:
888:
1833:
813:
2298:
1125:
A List of the Genera of Birds : with their
Synonyma and an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus
2144:
1975:
1281:
908:
1838:
421:(vol. 31: 35–37, 2009) has advocated splitting the southeastern races as a separate species, Lilith's owl (
1374:
503:
1952:
884:
825:, with on the reverse a little owl and an olive branch. The lettering ΑΘΕ (ATHE) is visible on the right.
667:
1957:
643:
in the 19th century, and has spread across much of
England and the whole of Wales. It was introduced to
2313:
1515:
Perrig, M.; Grüebler, M. U.; Keil, H.; Naef-Daenzer, B. (2017). "Post-fledging survival of Little Owls
1085:
994:
696:
460:
of central Asia. Differences in size of bird and length of toes, reasons put forward for splitting off
2182:
1921:
924:
879:
In 1843 several little owls that had been brought from Italy were released by the
English naturalist
728:. Some vegetable matter (up to 5%) was included in the diet and may have been ingested incidentally.
829:
2293:
1313:
1040:
887:
in
Yorkshire but these failed to establish themselves. Later successful introductions were made by
484:
353:
222:
110:
864:, and hence represents wisdom and knowledge. A little owl with an olive branch appears on a Greek
392:(whose name is also at times spelled Athene), as the owl was a symbol of wisdom. The species name
2303:
1894:
2221:
2288:
2110:
1939:
1856:
310:, and North Africa. It was introduced into Britain at the end of the 19th century and into the
2136:
2216:
1577:
802:
337:
205:
2208:
619:. Moult begins in July and continues to November, with the male starting before the female.
2242:
1944:
1903:
1434:
700:
634:
37:
1822:
8:
971:
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349:
58:
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105:
20:
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1988:
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1980:
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1993:
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1403:
1211:
1089:
989:
904:
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869:
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736:
525:
Brehm, CL, 1855 – Romania to Greece through
Ukraine and Turkey east to south Russia
2172:
1967:
1493:
1475:
1343:
2190:
2045:
1845:
1839:
Ageing and sexing (PDF; 5.5 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
1514:
1139:
767:
742:
659:, whereas most introduced birds explicitly have no protection or are game birds.
577:
516:
2234:
2149:
1421:
Finck, Peter (1990). "Seasonal variation of territory size with the little owl (
1196:
302:, is a bird that inhabits much of the temperate and warmer parts of Europe, the
2260:
2066:
2053:
1148:. Vol. 4. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 147.
1060:
947:
781:
705:
558:
470:
373:
321:, which contains most species of owl, the other grouping being the barn owls,
2277:
2131:
1879:
1828:
1626:
Hibbert-Ware, Alice (1937). "Report of the Little Owl food inquiry 1936-37".
980:
873:
846:
531:
417:
404:
368:
357:
182:
78:
73:
1579:
Fabulous
Creatures, Mythical Monsters, and Animal Power Symbols: A Handbook
1454:
1379:. Vol. 4 (2nd ed.). Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 441–443.
1215:
1093:
1049:(in Latin). Vol. Part 1. Lipsiae : Sumtib. C.G. Hilscheri. p. 22.
1016:
892:
652:
595:
512:
493:
396:
has, in effect, the same meaning, being the Latin name of an owl sacred to
377:
311:
2032:
731:
2092:
1888:
1605:"The spread of the Little Owl from the chief centres of its introduction"
865:
818:
725:
721:
332:
Being a common species with a wide range and large total population, the
1931:
2255:
2084:
1748:
Van
Nieuwenhuyse, Dries; Genot, Jean-Claude; Johnson, David H. (2008).
1718:
Van Nieuwenhuyse, Dries; Genot, Jean-Claude; Johnson, David H. (2008).
1685:
Van Nieuwenhuyse, Dries; Genot, Jean-Claude; Johnson, David H. (2008).
1546:
Van Nieuwenhuyse, Dries; Genot, Jean-Claude; Johnson, David H. (2008).
1446:
762:
755:
616:
449:
326:
303:
2195:
1532:
1407:
2097:
2014:
928:
688:
684:
322:
318:
122:
2006:
1850:
647:
in New Zealand by the local acclimatisation society in 1906, and to
2019:
1873:
936:
911:
initiated a study into the little owl's diet led by the naturalist
232:
172:
142:
651:
a little later, and is now widespread in the eastern and northern
1916:
861:
662:
397:
932:
896:
857:
838:
822:
717:
713:
692:
611:
The adult little owl of the most widespread form, the nominate
389:
132:
655:; it is partially protected under Schedule 2 of New Zealand's
487:, 1769) – central, south, southeast Europe to northwest Russia
2229:
2001:
699:
surplus food in holes or other hiding places. A study of the
644:
364:
307:
95:
89:
1747:
1717:
1684:
1545:
561:, 1870 – Mongolia, south-central Siberia and northeast China
496:, 1847 – Iraq and Azerbaijan to Pakistan and northwest India
1065:"Ueber Classification, insonderheit der europäischen Vogel"
940:
534:, 1913 – Cyprus, south Turkey to Iraq and the Sinai (Egypt)
152:
801:
has assessed the bird's conservation status as being of "
709:
440:
Other forms include another pale race, the north African
437:. DNA evidence and vocal patterns support this proposal.
162:
1582:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 71.
868:
coin from 500 BC (a copy of which appears on the modern
403:
The little owl is probably most closely related to the
317:
This owl is a member of the typical or true owl family
1751:
The Little Owl: Conservation, Ecology and Behavior of
1721:
The Little Owl: Conservation, Ecology and Behavior of
1688:
The Little Owl: Conservation, Ecology and Behavior of
1549:
The Little Owl: Conservation, Ecology and Behavior of
1128:(2nd ed.). London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 7.
969:
1257:
Handbook of British Birds, Volume 2: Warblers to Owls
935:
were caught in this way. The main place of trade was
1084:
946:In 1992, the little owl appeared as a watermark on
589:, 1863 – east Sudan, Eritrea and northeast Ethiopia
1694:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 15 and 17.
1555:. Cambridge University Press. pp. Chapter 2.
995:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22689328A155470112.en
571:, 1909) – Morocco to west Egypt and central Arabia
506:, 1809) – coastal north Africa to southwest Israel
1602:
552:, 1873 – northeast Kazakhstan and northwest China
2275:
1342:Thomas, A. C. W. (2022). Miskelly, C. M. (ed.).
1664:. London: Chatto and Windus. pp. 287–289.
473:(hybridise) with them across their boundaries.
799:International Union for Conservation of Nature
666:Little owls often nest in hollow tree trunks (
415:). A 2009 paper in the ornithological journal
334:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1335:
950:’s 100 guilder banknote for the Netherlands.
1625:
1420:
1311:
1162:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
372:that was introduced by the German zoologist
1659:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
629:
1757:. Cambridge University Press. p. 18.
1372:
695:. It may pursue prey on the ground and it
314:of New Zealand in the early 20th century.
231:
67:
45:
36:
1727:. Cambridge University Press. p. 6.
993:
687:, as well as small vertebrates including
336:has assessed its conservation status as "
1603:Witherby, H.F.; Ticehurst, N.F. (1908).
1296:
1259:. H. F. and G. Witherby. pp. 26–27.
1254:
1237:
1208:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
828:
812:
741:
730:
678:
661:
633:
456:in north Africa and southwest Asia, and
273:
251: Extant & Introduced (resident)
1368:
1366:
1364:
1158:
1039:
851:Owls have often been depicted from the
376:in 1822. The owl was designated as the
2276:
1829:Little Owl nestcams in The Netherlands
1823:Little Owl videos, photos & sounds
1777:
1519:in relation to nestling food supply".
1341:
1268:
1266:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1138:
965:
963:
363:. The little owl is now placed in the
325:. It is a small (approx. 22 cm long),
1855:
1854:
1713:
1711:
1660:Cocker, Mark; Mabey, Richard (2005).
1575:
1414:
1165:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
1100:. International Ornithologists' Union
1080:
1078:
444:, and three intermediate subspecies,
2183:69bdc802-7ccf-4496-89b4-8af9805dbdb5
2072:75cd9986-9253-485f-b361-09736dded4be
1800:from the original on 6 December 2014
1794:"Overzicht in te wisselen biljetten"
1361:
1118:
1059:
927:). Such huntings, particularly with
476:Thirteen subspecies are recognised:
2284:IUCN Red List least concern species
1786:
1263:
1183:
981:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
960:
833:Owl statue, 5th-century BC, in the
808:
13:
1708:
1152:
1075:
580:, 1905 – east Ethiopia and Somalia
352:in 1769 by the Italian naturalist
14:
2325:
1816:
638:Little owl on a cliff in Pakistan
388:, commemorates the Greek goddess
1145:Check-List of Birds of the World
1098:IOC World Bird List Version 11.1
970:BirdLife International (2019) .
109:
1825:on the Internet Bird Collection
1771:
1741:
1678:
1653:
1619:
1596:
1569:
1539:
1508:
1469:
1383:
274:
1312:Lewis, Deane (9 August 2013).
1132:
1112:
1053:
1033:
1009:
821:coin representing the goddess
602:
400:, Athena's Roman counterpart.
280:3D scan of little owl skeleton
1:
1494:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.09.020
1376:Fauna of British India. Birds
1282:British Trust for Ornithology
1255:Witherby, H. F., ed. (1943).
953:
909:British Trust for Ornithology
1344:"Little owl / Ruru nohinohi"
1210:. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
7:
1071:(in German). Cols 545–564 .
899:in Northamptonshire and by
774:
668:Strumpshaw Fen RSPB reserve
519:, 1928 – west-central China
343:
10:
2330:
1780:Der Steinkauz von Crespina
1159:Jobling, James A. (2010).
844:
384:in 1841. The genus name,
18:
1863:
1834:Little Owl in New Zealand
1796:. De Nederlandsche Bank.
1576:Eason, Cassandra (2008).
1046:Annus Historico-Naturalis
1041:Scopoli, Giovanni Antonio
988:: e.T22689328A155470112.
788:
761:The little owl is partly
263:
256:
239:
230:
211:
204:
106:Scientific classification
104:
87:
65:
56:
44:
35:
30:
1348:New Zealand Birds Online
630:Distribution and habitat
622:The call is a querulous
448:of southeast Europe and
354:Giovanni Antonio Scopoli
240:Range of the little owl
2309:Birds described in 1769
1778:Schaaf, Rudolf (2005).
1092:, eds. (January 2021).
903:at Stonewall Park near
797:for these reasons, the
708:. The insects included
19:For the racehorse, see
1216:10.2173/bow.litowl1.01
860:and the Roman goddess
842:
826:
747:
739:
691:, reptiles, birds and
671:
639:
281:
2299:Birds of North Africa
2217:Paleobiology Database
832:
816:
745:
734:
679:Behaviour and ecology
665:
637:
464:, seem inconclusive;
294:), also known as the
279:
2067:Fauna Europaea (new)
1017:"Appendices | CITES"
939:, a small town near
598:, 1857 – west Europe
327:cryptically coloured
1439:1990Oecol..83...68F
1373:Baker, ECS (1927).
1120:Gray, George Robert
870:Greek one-euro coin
425:), with subspecies
348:The little owl was
59:Conservation status
1844:2016-11-08 at the
1447:10.1007/BF00324636
1088:; Donsker, David;
913:Alice Hibbert-Ware
901:Edmund Meade-Waldo
853:Upper Palaeolithic
843:
827:
750:The little owl is
748:
740:
735:Little owl egg in
672:
640:
543:, 1926 – Himalayas
382:George Robert Gray
350:formally described
282:
21:Little Owl (horse)
2314:Symbols of Athena
2271:
2270:
2204:Open Tree of Life
1857:Taxon identifiers
1764:978-0-521-71420-4
1734:978-0-521-71420-4
1701:978-0-521-71420-4
1671:978-0-7011-6907-7
1589:978-0-275-99425-9
1562:978-0-521-71420-4
1533:10.1111/ibi.12477
1408:10.1111/ibi.12465
1284:. 16 January 2013
1176:978-1-4081-2501-4
1140:Peters, James Lee
1090:Rasmussen, Pamela
883:on his estate at
657:Wildlife Act 1953
584:A. n. spilogastra
575:A. n. somaliensis
462:A. n. spilogastra
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2150:NHMSYS0000530183
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967:
905:Edenbridge, Kent
881:Charles Waterton
835:Acropolis Museum
809:In human culture
737:Museum Wiesbaden
547:A. n. orientalis
380:of the genus by
278:
250:
244:
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217:
114:
113:
93:
76:
71:
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52:
51:
40:
28:
27:
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2294:Owls of Eurasia
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1061:Boie, Friedrich
1058:
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968:
961:
956:
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811:
791:
777:
768:life expectancy
681:
632:
605:
491:A. n. bactriana
458:A. n. bactriana
346:
252:
248:
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242:
226:
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213:
200:
108:
100:
83:
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61:
46:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2327:
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2304:Owls of Africa
2301:
2296:
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2269:
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2141:
2128:
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2054:Fauna Europaea
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2024:
2011:
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948:Jaap Drupsteen
845:Main article:
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556:A. n. plumipes
553:
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523:A. n. indigena
520:
507:
497:
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466:A. n. plumipes
446:A. n. indigena
442:A. n. desertae
431:A. g. indigena
374:Friedrich Boie
345:
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300:owl of Minerva
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245: Resident
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16:Species of owl
15:
9:
6:
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2:
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2290:
2289:Athene (bird)
2287:
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2261:Athene-noctua
2257:
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1909:Athene_noctua
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1895:Athene noctua
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1865:Athene noctua
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1753:Athene noctua
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1723:Athene noctua
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1690:Athene noctua
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1628:British Birds
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1609:British Birds
1606:
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1551:Athene noctua
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1478:Athene noctua
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1423:Athene noctua
1417:
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1392:Athene noctua
1386:
1378:
1377:
1369:
1367:
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1349:
1345:
1338:
1323:
1322:The Owl Pages
1319:
1317:
1316:Athene noctua
1314:"Little Owl:
1308:
1306:
1304:
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1300:
1283:
1279:
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1276:Athene noctua
1274:"Little Owl (
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1202:Athene noctua
1200:"Little owl:
1193:
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1189:
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1069:Isis von Oken
1066:
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1018:
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996:
991:
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974:Athene noctua
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886:
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874:Julius Caesar
871:
867:
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859:
854:
848:
847:Owl of Athena
840:
836:
831:
824:
820:
815:
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803:least concern
800:
795:
786:
783:
772:
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654:
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594:
593:A. n. vidalii
591:
588:
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582:
579:
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573:
570:
566:
565:A. n. saharae
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
538:A. n. ludlowi
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
514:
511:
510:A. n. impasta
508:
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472:
467:
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443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:
418:Dutch Birding
414:
410:
406:
405:spotted owlet
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
370:
366:
362:
359:
358:binomial name
355:
351:
341:
339:
338:least concern
335:
330:
328:
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309:
305:
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297:
296:owl of Athena
293:
292:
291:Athene noctua
287:
277:
268:
267:
266:Carine noctua
262:
259:
255:
238:
234:
229:
224:
218:
216:
215:Athene noctua
210:
207:
206:Binomial name
203:
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75:
74:Least Concern
64:
60:
55:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
1864:
1802:. Retrieved
1788:
1782:(in German).
1779:
1773:
1754:
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1598:
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1552:
1548:
1541:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1433:(1): 68–75.
1430:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1375:
1351:. Retrieved
1347:
1337:
1325:. Retrieved
1321:
1315:
1286:. Retrieved
1275:
1256:
1227:. Retrieved
1207:
1201:
1161:
1154:
1144:
1134:
1124:
1114:
1102:. Retrieved
1097:
1068:
1055:
1045:
1035:
1024:. Retrieved
1020:
1011:
999:. Retrieved
985:
979:
973:
945:
921:
917:
895:estate near
893:Lilford Hall
889:Lord Lilford
878:
850:
793:
792:
778:
760:
749:
682:
673:
653:South Island
641:
623:
621:
613:A. n. noctua
612:
610:
606:
592:
583:
574:
569:Kleinschmidt
564:
555:
546:
537:
529:A. n. lilith
528:
522:
509:
499:
490:
481:A. n. noctua
480:
475:
465:
461:
457:
453:
445:
441:
439:
435:A. g. lilith
434:
430:
426:
423:Athene glaux
422:
416:
413:A. n. lilith
412:
409:Athene brama
408:
402:
393:
385:
378:type species
367:
361:Strix noctua
360:
347:
331:
316:
312:South Island
299:
295:
290:
289:
285:
283:
265:
264:
214:
212:
196:
195:
183:
163:Strigiformes
25:
2093:iNaturalist
1889:Wikispecies
1353:24 February
1086:Gill, Frank
1001:14 February
885:Walton Hall
866:tetradrachm
819:tetradrachm
752:territorial
726:Hymenoptera
722:Lepidoptera
603:Description
500:A. n. glaux
454:A. n. glaux
427:A. g. glaux
92:Appendix II
31:Little owl
2278:Categories
2256:Xeno-canto
2173:little-owl
1804:9 February
1615:: 335–342.
1327:15 October
1288:14 October
1229:16 October
1026:2022-01-14
954:References
929:tawny owls
756:home range
718:Coleoptera
714:Dermaptera
706:game birds
689:amphibians
685:earthworms
670:, Norfolk)
649:Canterbury
624:kiew, kiew
617:woodpecker
541:Baker, ECS
532:Hartert, E
517:Peters, JL
471:intergrade
450:Asia Minor
356:under the
304:Palearctic
286:little owl
1427:Oecologia
1224:216446487
1021:cites.org
817:Athenian
794:A. noctua
782:incubated
596:Brehm, AE
578:Reichenow
550:Severtsov
323:Tytonidae
319:Strigidae
191:Species:
173:Strigidae
129:Kingdom:
123:Eukaryota
2230:Species+
2137:22689328
2111:11105219
1945:22689328
1940:BirdLife
1929:BioLib:
1874:Wikidata
1842:Archived
1798:Archived
1502:53195354
1463:25565240
1455:28313245
1122:(1841).
1063:(1822).
1043:(1769).
937:Crespina
933:skylarks
775:Breeding
746:Juvenile
344:Taxonomy
306:east to
258:Synonyms
169:Family:
143:Chordata
139:Phylum:
133:Animalia
119:Domain:
79:IUCN 3.1
2085:2497266
2007:litowl1
1981:bob7570
1968:litowl1
1917:Avibase
1880:Q129958
1644:249-264
1640:205–229
1636:162–187
1435:Bibcode
1169:, 274.
925:mobbing
891:on his
862:Minerva
763:diurnal
710:Diptera
701:pellets
693:mammals
587:Heuglin
559:Swinhoe
504:Savigny
485:Scopoli
398:Minerva
225:, 1769)
223:Scopoli
179:Genus:
159:Order:
149:Class:
94: (
77: (
2222:365950
2209:427150
2180:NZOR:
2170:NZBO:
2163:126797
2124:555471
2041:EURING
2020:ATENNO
1761:
1731:
1698:
1668:
1586:
1559:
1500:
1461:
1453:
1222:
1173:
1104:28 May
1094:"Owls"
897:Oundle
858:Athena
839:Athens
823:Athena
789:Status
697:caches
515:&
433:, and
394:noctua
390:Athena
386:Athene
369:Athene
249:
243:
184:Athene
2106:IRMNG
2098:19998
2059:97046
2028:EUNIS
2002:eBird
1994:687BR
1965:BOW:
1958:52555
1498:S2CID
1459:S2CID
1220:S2CID
645:Otago
513:Bangs
494:Blyth
365:genus
308:Korea
96:CITES
90:CITES
2248:2428
2235:8131
2158:NCBI
2132:IUCN
2119:ITIS
2080:GBIF
2046:7570
2015:EPPO
1953:BOLD
1932:8766
1806:2016
1759:ISBN
1729:ISBN
1696:ISBN
1666:ISBN
1584:ISBN
1557:ISBN
1521:Ibis
1451:PMID
1425:)".
1396:Ibis
1355:2023
1329:2015
1290:2015
1231:2015
1171:ISBN
1106:2021
1003:2022
986:2019
941:Pisa
724:and
284:The
153:Aves
2243:TSA
2145:NBN
2033:907
1989:CoL
1976:BTO
1904:ADW
1529:doi
1525:159
1490:doi
1480:".
1443:doi
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298:or
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