1281:
732:
2889:
722:
1202:
2442:
1626:, a schism caused by their attitude towards the linguistic identity of Moldovan - was it a separate language with its own tradition, or was it a derivative of the Romanian literary norm? The battle was fought in the Union of Moldovan Soviet Writers, resulting in several splits and reformations. In the late 1940s, further political manoeuvring was caused by the absorption of Bessarabian writers into the Union, where they were in conflict with the
24:
438:
102:
994:
can be considered the first Soviet writer from the
Moldovan Autonomous SSR. In his short stories, Milev described in bright detail the bestiality and terror of Romanian fascism in a Bessarabian village, and the protest and resistance of the peasantry. But Milev also depicted the Bessarabian farmers
685:
The Annals of
Moldova illuminate the period from the 14th through the 18th centuries. They describe the activities and achievements of various princes and monasteries, the chief proponents of Christian culture of the time. From the 17th century, the chronicles began to be written in the Romanian
741:
Only at the end of the 17th and early 18th centuries did a secular literature develop in
Moldova. The so-called Transylvanian school promoted the idea of a Romance origin for the Romanian people and their language, an idea that propelled their nationalistic development from the end of the 17th
780:, a tale of social upheaval during a peasant uprising in 1821 against the boyar landlords. Much of the storytelling of the first half of the 19th century reflected the social struggle between the poor peasantry and the landowning classes in Moldova and Wallachia. Songs celebrating the
682:. The fundamental premise of these 16th century chronicles was the establishment of centralised power in Moldova, as well as emphasis on the continuity between Roman and Greek history and Moldavian history. Azarius was the last representative of the school of court chroniclers.
508:, irrespective of the language. Although there has been considerable controversy over linguistic identity in Moldova, the Moldovan and Romanian languages are virtually identical and share a common literary history. Moldovan literature, therefore, has considerable overlap with
653:
The second half of the 15th century saw the development of historical literature in the
Moldovan principality. The chronicles were compiled at the behest and supervision of the rulers, and were intended to glorify their reigns and actions. During the reign of
927:
was very popular. Critics noted that in the trans-Prut
Moldova and other provinces of Romania, there was beginning a Francophone Romanian culture. At the same time, the 19th century is notable for the establishment of a nationalist literature as well.
1186:), which was distinguished by the diversity of themes, descriptions of the new people and a sharp and expressive language. Canna was later to face disgrace and lose his honour as the founder of Soviet Moldovan literature - for plagiarism.
662:
Chronicle (in two versions), a
Moldovan-German chronicle, a Russo-Moldovan chronicle and a Moldovan-Polish chronicle. While all the editions include the reign of Stefan, there are differences and further additions by their scribes.
784:
appeared at this time. Bourgeouis literature of the period painted a villainous picture of the hajduks, but in folks songs they were romanticised as heroes and champions of peasant rights. The
Moldavian national musical style
610:), a hierarch of the Moldovan church between 1401 and 1403; anonymous chronicles of the 14th and 15th centuries, as well as those of Makarios, Eftimius, Azarius in the 16th century, and so on. The first Moldovan book was
995:
as an undifferentiated mass that propels individual heroes. The revolutionary movement was shown as spontaneous and without perspective. Some of his works were to some extent or the other pessimistic, albeit veiled.
602:(or Middle Bulgarian), which was the official language of the church and state until the 7th century, as well as the literary language. In this language appear the significant sacred and historical literature (
1630:. As a result of the post-Stalin thaw, the Bessarabians were able to impose a Romanian version of the Moldovan language, with the sole exception being the script of the latter, which continued to be Cyrillic.
649:
established a university, several publishing houses (from 1642), and introduced the first
Moldavian legal code, especially laws on serfdom which provided a number of benefits to the big landowning classes.
1727:, St. Petersburg, covers events to 1518, while the other (in the Library of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR) continues to 1526. The documents chronicle the reign of Stefan. See Mokhov, 1964.
1159:(1939)). His works were intimately tied to the realities of those times and could be seen as chronicle of the era. Corneanu also played a major role in the creation of a Moldovan children's literature (
3130:
678:
to continue
Makarios' work to include the events of the principality between 1541 and 1554. The events of the years 1554-1574 were addressed by the monk Azarius, a disciple of Makarios, by decree of
1393:(1952), which reflected the fight against the Nazi invaders, the collectivization of agriculture in the country, and the struggle for peace. These years also saw the flowering of the poets
869:
Negruzzi can be considered the founder of modern
Moldovan prose. He was active in the peasant uprising of 1821, fled to Bessarabia where he met, and was subsequently deeply influenced by,
2552:
1015:, also born in Bessarabia, was a farm-hand, fought in the Civil War, organiser of collective farms, a senior member of the Communist party. He published a collection of poems,
658:, an official chronicle was written in the Slavonic language: the original is lost, but its contents have been preserved in five different editions: Anonymous Chronicle, the
1303:
1511:
There was also an important tradition of translation into the Moldovan language of works in Russian and masterpieces of other world languages. Eminent translators included
1241:(1912–92). Among Bukov's interesting collections of poetry are "This Sun" (1937) and "China" (1938). This period is the beginning of the literary work of other writers:
2825:
1613:
876:
In the second half of the 19th century, Moldovan literature fell under the influence of the middle-class, especially of the French. Latinate influences rising in
520:
The creation of Moldovan written literature was preceded by a rich folklore that emerged in the 10th and 11th centuries CE: calendrical and family ritual poetry (
1155:(1932), which gives a vivid picture of the Moldovan capital, its perspectives and grand buildings, as well as his extensive collections of Moldovan folk songs (
1527:
3336:
1543:
1512:
1398:
773:
3125:
1052:), in which he attempted to show the revolutionary movements in Bessarabia. Between 1928 and 1929, he wrote essays of criticism. His collection of poems
1178:(1926) as well as stories set during the Civil War, the building of Socialism in the countryside, the collectivisation of agriculture. In 1937 came his
1531:
883:
The noted poet and dramaturge Vasile Alecsandri was active in the national movement for the unification of Moldova and Wallachia, participating in the
1299:
1761:
Translated at the end of the sixteenth century from Moldavian court annals that depended on the early 15th century version. See Foot et al. page 342.
998:
1394:
1551:
1457:
1402:
900:
1566:
1519:
2266:
1926:
1565:(The Plane Smells Of Fish, 2008) is a postmodern novel that symbolises the peacefulness of his people despite the hardships thrown by history.
1406:
1012:
497:
1019:
in 1929. His oeuvre covered the October Revolution, the dictatorship of the proletariat, class struggle, the problems of the establishment of
984:- an organ for the Union of Writers and the Socio-literary division of the Moldovan scientific committee. From 1930, the pioneering magazine (
2925:
1307:
1258:
911:). Nationalism, aestheticism, and the idealisation of folk art characterised the folklore collections of the time. The critic and politician
468:
1518:
Russian language writers in Moldavia included the novelists L. Mischenko, G. Uspensky, and the poets N. Savostin, V. Izmailov, S. Burlak,
1167:
2127:
645:). The first half of the 17th century was marked by the awakening of nationalist consciousness among the Romanians. The Moldovan prince
1573:(Massacre in Georgia, 2008) is an ironic reflection on the essential unchanging nature of his country, whether Soviet or independent.
2323:
880:
had a considerable following in Moldova and Wallachia. Another source of influence on Moldovan literature was that of the Germans.
1345:
The post-war period was fruitful for the development of all genres of literature. Bukov gained fame for several children's books:
390:
1334:(Moscow, 1942-44), in central gazettes and journals, as well as being broadcast over the radio. Russian translations of Bukov's
614:(interpretations of the Gospels) by the Metropolitan Barlaam (1590-1657) published in 1643. Barlaam's successor, Metropolitan
2630:
2285:
2212:
2187:
2017:
1951:
1833:
1708:
1677:
666:
Moldovan chronography in Slavonic continued to develop in the 16th century. Roman Makarios' chronicle, compiled on behalf of
3459:
2635:
2421:
191:
2529:
2521:
2387:
960:, occupied an important corner of Moldovan literature. In April 1927 was organised the Union of Moldovan Soviet Writers (
501:
157:
1233:
The participants of the underground revolutionary movement and the anti-fascist struggle in Bessarabia were the writers
2650:
709:(1714) was translated into many European languages. A valuable historical, ethnographic and geographic source is his
2918:
2431:
201:
66:
1618:
Throughout the existence of the Moldovan ASSR and the Moldovan SSR, there was a fierce battle between the so-called
2377:
461:
147:
3378:
795:
2203:
Solonar, Vladimir; Bruter, Vladimir (1994). "Russians in Moldova". In Shlapentokh, Vladimir; et al. (eds.).
2152:
1272:(1861-1938), who created the first Gagauz dictionary, grammar, and translated religious works into the language.
618:(1624-1693) translated the Psalms in verse in the Romanian language. To Dosoftei is attributed the famous saying
33:
629:
From the 15th century, Moldovan literature absorbed influences from Latin literature, chiefly propagated by the
3189:
2467:
2426:
196:
2694:
2539:
2372:
142:
3454:
3434:
3137:
2911:
2892:
2600:
2316:
884:
3444:
3396:
2837:
2793:
2728:
454:
3408:
3324:
2810:
2620:
2484:
2472:
1920:
1724:
1636:
At the same time, there was considerable Russophobia which was reflected in the works of such poets as
1060:) came out in 1931, revealing considerable artistic and ideological development. His poetry collection
422:
322:
292:
1975:
1901:
1875:
705:(1673-1723). Dimitrie Cantemir was the author of one of the most complete histories of the Turks. His
3439:
3401:
3319:
3078:
3060:
2645:
2489:
2352:
675:
122:
2104:
1590:
The Gagauz language enjoyed a resurgence in the independent republic of Moldova. A weekly newspaper
3261:
3157:
3035:
2681:
2477:
2462:
2362:
1437:
The genres of essays and short stories were successfully developed by the above writers as well as
916:
834:
214:
132:
3341:
1648:, which promoted nationalism among ethnic Moldovans at the cost of the Russian-speaking minority.
3449:
3167:
2955:
2745:
2610:
2585:
2309:
655:
417:
317:
1576:
3070:
2676:
2615:
1420:
37:
3201:
2275:
2158:. The Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use. 2005. Archived from
1941:
838:
762:(on which he worked for over thirty years, and which was published posthumously), and Maior's
3294:
3241:
3236:
3231:
2990:
2755:
2605:
2590:
2404:
2177:
1038:, an organiser of the Union of Moldovan Soviet Writers and a founder of the literary journal
915:, on the other hand, was representative of a countervailing conservative strand in the arts.
358:
174:
701:
Moldovan historiography rose to the levels of contemporary European science in the works of
671:
3383:
3309:
3279:
3266:
3216:
3211:
3179:
3174:
3162:
3015:
2970:
2960:
2765:
2750:
2714:
2640:
2595:
2450:
799:
598:
The first written records appeared in Moldova at the turn of the 10th-11th centuries CE in
263:
224:
1080:(1930) depicts moments in the revolution and rebellion of serfs under the leadership of a
48:
8:
3388:
3314:
3299:
3284:
3142:
3115:
3085:
3040:
2980:
2975:
2965:
2950:
2934:
2770:
2625:
2568:
2534:
2511:
859:
599:
509:
299:
3413:
3373:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3331:
3304:
3271:
3246:
3226:
3196:
3110:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3065:
3045:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3010:
3000:
2995:
2868:
2861:
2780:
2709:
2704:
2664:
2580:
2344:
2336:
2260:
1001:, born in a peasant family in Bessarabia, was a Communist poet, among whose works were
830:
768:
A Conversation on the Beginnings of the Romanian Language between an Uncle and a Nephew
404:
112:
92:
2078:
1280:
747:
3348:
3289:
3206:
3147:
3120:
3105:
3055:
3005:
2985:
2945:
2830:
2788:
2699:
2392:
2281:
2208:
2183:
2013:
1947:
1943:
Ni héros, ni traîtres: Les écrivains moldaves face au pouvoir soviétique sous Staline
1829:
1779:
1704:
1673:
1073:
855:
758:
in Latin was published, while other scientific and historical works include Şincai's
743:
735:
702:
363:
232:
162:
2128:"Engineering Moldovan Identity: Moldovan Writers from Stalinism to the Independence"
1633:
After independence, the modern Moldovan republic switched its script back to Latin.
1495:
1268:
literature in the 1920s and 1930s in Bessarabia, the single-handed work of a priest
1035:
846:
667:
44:
3368:
3221:
3184:
3152:
3050:
2877:
2842:
2820:
2798:
2740:
2414:
1438:
1254:
1211:
1205:
1116:
Eminent among the Moldavian writers of the period is Markov, whose major works are
670:, covers historical events occurring between 1504 and 1551. Eftimius, abbot of the
607:
374:
350:
340:
273:
184:
83:
1444:
Dramaturgy was an important development in Soviet Moldavia. Works such as Lupan's
778:
Tragodia sau mai bine a zice jalnica Moldovei întâmplare după răzvrătirea grecilor
731:
582:. The national struggle against the Ottoman occupation is reflected in the ballad
3251:
2397:
2382:
2007:
1985:. Vol. 3–4. Biblioteca Ştiinţifică Centrală „Andrei Lupan” a AŞM. p. 37
1821:
1781:
1738:
1665:
1523:
1265:
1148:
1024:
814:
725:
659:
630:
572:). The greatest achievement of Moldovan epic-lyric pastoral poetry is the ballad
412:
167:
152:
2055:
1637:
1542:
Since independence, Moldova has continued its literary tradition across genres.
2882:
1413:
1269:
1076:. To Lehtţir is also attributed the beginning of Moldovan dramaturgy. His play
912:
687:
679:
442:
309:
252:
1666:"Multilingualism and the disputed standardizations of Macedonian and Moldovan"
1201:
3428:
2803:
1645:
1592:
1515:(1922-1989), Yuri Barzhansky (1922-1986), P. Starostin, I. Crețu and others.
1502:
1327:
1323:
1311:
1250:
1242:
1234:
991:
281:
968:). At the end of 1931, the writers' union in Tiraspol divided two sections:
2686:
2409:
2232:
2205:
The New Russian Diaspora: Russian Minorities in the Former Soviet Republics
1319:
1315:
1291:
1284:
1246:
1238:
877:
822:
691:
179:
1295:
826:
751:
695:
646:
1034:
One of the most energetic drivers of the Moldovan Soviet literature was
802:. They both wrote love songs in the tradition of the ancient Greek poet
2367:
634:
493:
137:
2903:
2179:
Villages on Stage: Folklore and Nationalism in the Republic of Moldova
2159:
1478:
In the 1960s and 1970s appeared fine novels and poetry: Druță's novel
721:
586:, which was popular not only in the Moldovan principality but also in
574:
2760:
1310:(1909-1974). Poetry and journalism flourished. Poems and articles of
1020:
587:
560:), folk legends, proverbs, popular sayings, lyrical songs, ballads (
2547:
2499:
2301:
1028:
945:
803:
642:
615:
485:
101:
2441:
2332:
2202:
1214:(1888-1917) was one of the foremost Bessarabian poets: his poems
1089:
The works of the poet Caftanaki should be noted: the short story
931:
870:
579:
505:
1780:
Dimitrie Cantemir (Voivode of Moldavia); Nicolas Tindal (1734).
2494:
1601:
1600:) began publication in 1988, and a Gagauz university opened in
1082:
781:
638:
2357:
1048:
787:
489:
127:
2277:
The Oxford History of Historical Writing: Volume 2: 400-1400
1783:
The history of the growth and decay of the Othman empire ...
794:
Among the founders of Moldavian lyric poetry are the father
2504:
2009:
The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the Politics of Culture
1670:
Standard Languages and Multilinguialism in European History
1614:
Controversy over linguistic and ethnic identity in Moldova
2079:"Balkan Reflections on some Moldavian Postmodern Writers"
1805:Кожевников, Ю. (1988). "Литература Молдавии и Валахии ".
1861:
Politica etnoculturală în RASS Moldovenească (1924-1940)
866:, which was soon thereafter closed down by the censors.
2076:
956:), and then organised by May 1, 1927, into the journal
1275:
2042:
O istorie deschisă a literaturii române din Basarabia
1826:
The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation
1257:(1913–93 ), A. Robota (1916–41), G. Adam (1914–46),
707:
History of the Growth and Decay of the Ottoman Empire
980:
reorganised itself into a politico-literary monthly
850:(Literary Dacia), as well as the historical journal
754:(c.1756-1821). In 1780, Samuil Micu-Klein's grammar
1873:
1863:. Chişinău: Editura Prut Internaţional. p. 85.
1412:Critically and popularly acclaimed works included:
1663:
813:At the beginning of the 19th century, the writers
2230:
2175:
1743:. Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
3426:
2239:. Vol. 7. Moscow: Sovietskaya Entsiklopedia
1189:Among other prominent writers was D. Batrânsea (
1064:depicted class struggle in the collective farm.
484:comprises the literature of the principality of
1967:
1804:
1546:is in the vanguard of the experimental novel (
932:Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
578:, various versions of which were found across
498:Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
2919:
2317:
2125:
2102:
2039:
1976:"Crâmpeie din viaţa unui talent supravegheat"
1736:
1698:
1261:(1905–61), D. Vetrova (1913–52), and others.
462:
2273:
2250:
2196:
2005:
1939:
1858:
1703:. Romanian Cultural Institute. p. 332.
760:Chronicle of the Romanians and other peoples
2001:
1999:
1773:
1668:. In Hüning, Matthias; et al. (eds.).
1657:
1607:
1023:, the defence of the USSR, and life in the
2926:
2912:
2324:
2310:
2265:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2153:"Moldovan: An Identity but not a Language"
1933:
1925:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1365:, 1972). Other epic works include Lupan's
1294:, several Moldavian authors served in the
1230:(The Country) being particularly notable.
1046:(1929)) he often imitated the folk style (
469:
455:
47:. Please do not remove this message until
1973:
1813:
1730:
817:(founder of the first Moldovan newspaper
742:century. This 'Latinate' school included
686:language. The best known chroniclers are
67:Learn how and when to remove this message
2274:Foot, Sarah; Robinson, Chase F. (2012).
2119:
2033:
1996:
1899:
1854:
1852:
1819:
1279:
1200:
730:
720:
43:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2933:
2086:Научни Трудове на Русенския Университет
1798:
764:History of the early Romanians in Dacia
3427:
2169:
2105:"Maintenant #49: Emilian Galaicu-Păun"
2070:
1585:eloquent, assured, politically engaged
2907:
2305:
1946:. Editions L'Harmattan. p. 362.
1849:
1072:) demonstrates his introduction into
2331:
1692:
1482:(1963), Bukov's collection of poems
1249:(1914-1993), T. Nencheva (1913–41),
1042:. In his early poems (for instance,
17:
1740:Moldavia in the 11th-14th centuries
1276:Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
844:Kogălniceanu published the journal
756:Elements of Dacio-Romanian Language
502:Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
13:
2182:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 77.
2077:Alexe, Maria; Prus, Elena (2009).
1151:(1909-1957) is well known for his
862:he published the literary journal
637:, as well as southern Slavs (from
593:
14:
3471:
2224:
2126:Negura, Petru (August 20, 2012).
2056:"Iulian Ciocan [Moldova]"
1537:
1342:(1944) were published in Moscow.
1122:So it was, but so it shall not be
2888:
2887:
2440:
1583:) is a contemporary poet called
776:(1832-1898) wrote the chronicle
620:Light comes to us from Moscow...
436:
100:
22:
2231:Lunacharsky, A.V., ed. (1934).
2145:
2103:Fowler, S. J. (June 16, 2012).
2096:
2048:
1893:
1867:
1672:. John Benjamins. p. 320.
1522:. There were also works in the
1330:were published in the magazine
1764:
1755:
1717:
1701:History of Romania: Compendium
1157:Cântece norodnice moldoveneşti
1136:(1930), the poetry collection
1132:), the short story collection
524:), fairy tales, heroic epics (
1:
2373:Moldavian Democratic Republic
1981:. In Hanganu, Aurelia (ed.).
1940:Petru Negura (1 March 2009).
1809:. Vol. 5. Москва: Наука.
1651:
1196:
716:
143:Moldavian Democratic Republic
1878:. In Colesnic, Iurie (ed.).
1876:"Corneanu Leonid - scriitor"
1874:Cosmescu, Valentina (1997).
1807:История всемирной литературы
1723:The first (preserved in the
919:, the editor of the gazette
624:De la Moscova vine lumina...
7:
3460:Cultural history of Moldova
2422:Declaration of independence
2280:. Oxford University Press.
2253:Moldaviia epokhi feodalizma
2207:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 89.
1906:Literatura şi arta Moldovei
1828:. Oxford University Press.
1664:Ciscel, Matthew H. (2012).
1264:There was a brief spark of
976:. In November, the journal
604:The Life of St John the New
566:The Rich Man and the Pauper
192:Declaration of independence
49:conditions to do so are met
10:
3476:
2176:Cash, Jennifer R. (2011).
1725:Saltykov Shchedrin Library
1611:
1430:, 1966), Ariadna Shalar's
923:and the satirical journal
895:, and founded the journal
806:, an extant example being
515:
2941:
2855:
2826:Controversy over identity
2779:
2736:
2727:
2672:
2663:
2576:
2567:
2553:Left Bank of the Dniester
2520:
2458:
2449:
2438:
2343:
1824:. In Peter France (ed.).
1820:Deletant, Dennis (2000).
1441:, A. Marinat, R. Lunghu.
1379:Spring in the Carpathians
1170:(1902-1979) published in
936:From 1926, the newspaper
903:published the collection
534:The Knight Gruia Grozovan
2651:Unification with Romania
2363:Principality of Moldavia
1608:Politics and Controversy
1070:The Fall of the Epigones
917:Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu
835:Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu
133:Principality of Moldavia
2544:Autonomous territories
2255:(in Russian). Chişinău.
1908:. Vol. 1. Chişinău
1563:Avionul mirosea a pește
1556:consciously fragmentary
1484:Present day, future day
1359:Basm cu cele patru zâne
887:, headed the magazines
2058:. Dalkey Archive Press
2040:Cimpoi, Mihai (1996).
1900:A. Timuş, ed. (1986).
1880:Chişinău: Enciclopedie
1737:Victor Spinei (1986).
1699:Andea, Susana (2006).
1480:Ballads of the Steppes
1475:(1972) are prominent.
1465:The Bitterness of Love
1363:Story of four banshees
1340:Spring on the Dniester
1287:
1208:
1174:: the satirical story
1118:Ce a cost, nu a mai fi
738:
728:
711:Description of Moldova
606:and the preachings of
2405:Transnistria conflict
2251:Mokhov, N.A. (1964).
2237:Literary Encyclopedia
2233:"Moldovan Literature"
2006:Charles King (2000).
1859:Negru, Elena (2003).
1786:J. J., and P. Knapton
1770:Foot et al, page 342.
1452:(1957), Anna Lupan's
1389:(1950), Kruchenyuk's
1367:The Forgotten Village
1283:
1204:
988:) began publication.
810:("The Moping Dove").
734:
724:
548:), historical songs (
482:Literature of Moldova
175:Transnistria conflict
2766:Languages of Moldova
1577:Emilian Galaicu-Păun
1490:(1966), L. Damian's
1432:People and Destinies
1355:Speaking to children
1351:De vorbă cu cei mici
905:Cantece Moldovenesti
854:in 1840. Along with
676:Alexandru Lăpușneanu
562:The Sun and the Moon
391:World Heritage Sites
3455:History of Moldavia
3435:Moldovan literature
2935:European literature
2893:Transnistria topics
2512:Rudi Geodetic Point
2353:Prehistoric Balkans
1488:Laws of Hospitality
1471:(1961) and Druță's
1469:Children and Apples
1463:(1957), Corneanu's
1421:Vladimir Beşleagă's
1336:I see you, Moldavia
1191:Mai sus făclia ardă
860:Constantin Negruzzi
839:Mihail Kogălniceanu
796:Ienăchiță Văcărescu
791:circulated widely.
600:Old Church Slavonic
510:Romanian literature
506:Republic of Moldova
123:Prehistoric Balkans
36:of this article is
3445:Moldovan novelists
2432:2015–2016 protests
2378:Union with Romania
1974:Şpac, Ion (2010).
1882:. Chişinău: Museum
1513:Alexandru Cosmescu
1473:Birds of Our Youth
1467:(1958), Condrea's
1399:Constantin Condrea
1385:(1948), Deleanu's
1332:Moldova Socialistă
1288:
1209:
1066:Caderea Epigonilor
885:revolution of 1848
831:Constantin Stamati
774:Alexandru Beldiman
739:
729:
672:Căpriana monastery
488:, the later trans-
443:Moldova portal
202:2015–2016 protests
148:Union with Romania
93:Culture of Moldova
3422:
3421:
2901:
2900:
2851:
2850:
2831:Moldovan language
2723:
2722:
2659:
2658:
2636:Political parties
2601:Foreign relations
2563:
2562:
2427:Post-independence
2393:Gagauzia conflict
2287:978-0-19-923642-8
2214:978-1-563-24335-6
2189:978-3-643-90218-4
2019:978-0-8179-9792-2
1953:978-2-296-21603-7
1921:cite encyclopedia
1835:978-0-19-818359-4
1710:978-9-737-78412-4
1679:978-9-027-20055-6
1642:Unwelcome Visitor
1581:Air with Diamonds
1558:quotidian prose.
1528:Dmitri Kara-Çoban
1454:The Wheel of Time
1450:The Raging Danube
1381:(1955), Meniuc's
1074:socialist realism
871:Alexander Pushkin
856:Vasile Alecsandri
852:Arhiva Românească
744:Samuil Micu-Klein
736:Vasile Alecsandri
703:Dimitrie Cantemir
584:The Well of Frost
504:, and the modern
479:
478:
197:Post-independence
163:Gagauzia conflict
77:
76:
69:
3467:
3440:Moldovan writers
3345:
3275:
3134:
3074:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2905:
2904:
2891:
2890:
2871:
2864:
2734:
2733:
2690:
2670:
2669:
2574:
2573:
2530:Cities and towns
2456:
2455:
2444:
2415:Transnistria War
2326:
2319:
2312:
2303:
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2298:
2296:
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2052:
2046:
2045:
2044:. Chişinău: Arc.
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2012:. Hoover Press.
2003:
1994:
1993:
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1687:
1686:
1661:
1571:Măcel în Georgia
1532:Dionis Tanasoglu
1530:(1933-1986) and
1496:Victor Teleucă's
1486:(1965), Lupan's
1461:Flightless Birds
1458:Rahmil Portnoi's
1448:(1948), Bukov's
1439:Vasile Vasilache
1417:Leaves of Sorrow
1383:Song of the Dawn
1373:(1945), Istru's
1304:Alexandru Lipcan
1255:Nicolai Costenco
1237:(1909-1984) and
1218:(Our language),
1212:Alexei Mateevici
1206:Alexei Mateevici
1172:Moldova literară
1161:Pionierii în ţeh
1142:The Black Valley
1103:Greiler Elevator
1040:Moldova literară
978:Moldova literară
958:Moldova literară
897:Literary Romania
808:Amărâta turturea
656:Stefan the Great
608:Gregory Tsamblak
471:
464:
457:
441:
440:
439:
185:Transnistria War
104:
95:
79:
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72:
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52:
26:
25:
18:
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3418:
3409:Western Lombard
3379:Turkish Cypriot
3339:
3325:Scottish Gaelic
3273:
3128:
3072:
2937:
2932:
2902:
2897:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2847:
2775:
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2688:
2655:
2621:Law enforcement
2559:
2516:
2485:Protected areas
2445:
2436:
2398:Gagauz Republic
2383:Greater Romania
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2107:. 3:AM Magazine
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1983:Biblio Scientia
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1610:
1561:Nicolae Popa's
1540:
1524:Gagauz language
1503:Grigore Vieru's
1278:
1199:
1149:Leonid Corneanu
1134:For Soviet Rule
999:Mihai Andriescu
950:Pagini literară
944:) published in
934:
841:become famous.
815:Gheorghe Asachi
800:Alecu Văcărescu
748:Gheorghe Şincai
726:Gheorghe Asachi
719:
674:, was asked by
660:Putna Monastery
596:
594:The Middle Ages
518:
475:
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435:
428:
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423:National anthem
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153:Greater Romania
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5:
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3452:
3450:Moldovan poets
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3190:Northern Irish
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3079:Middle English
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2731:
2725:
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2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2695:Communications
2692:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2646:Prime Minister
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2225:External links
2223:
2221:
2220:
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2195:
2188:
2168:
2165:on 2012-02-04.
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1628:Transnistrians
1609:
1606:
1552:Grigore Chiper
1539:
1538:Modern Moldova
1536:
1403:Petru Zadnipru
1387:Immortal Youth
1277:
1274:
1270:Mihail Ciachir
1198:
1195:
1180:Două întâlniri
1036:Samuil Lehtţir
1007:Grigore Malini
986:Leninist Spark
954:Literary pages
948:, followed by
933:
930:
913:Titu Maiorescu
909:Moldovan songs
901:Elena Sevastos
893:Literary Dacia
847:Dacia Literară
750:(1754-1816),
718:
715:
694:(1633 -1691),
690:(1590s-1647),
688:Grigore Ureche
680:Peter the Lame
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2092:(6.3): 76–80.
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2015:
2011:
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1784:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1726:
1720:
1712:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1681:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1647:
1646:Grigore Vieru
1643:
1639:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1598:Mother tongue
1595:
1594:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1567:Dumitru Crudu
1564:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1550:, 1988), and
1549:
1545:
1544:Vasile Gârneţ
1535:
1534:(1922-2006).
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:Vadim Chirkov
1516:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1497:
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1440:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1428:Broken flight
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1405:(1927-1976),
1404:
1401:(1920-2009),
1400:
1397:(1923-1975),
1396:
1392:
1391:Mother's Word
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1328:George Meniuc
1325:
1324:Liviu Deleanu
1321:
1317:
1313:
1312:Emilian Bukov
1309:
1306:(1908-1977),
1305:
1302:(1915-1993),
1301:
1300:Samson Şleahu
1297:
1293:
1286:
1282:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1251:Liviu Deleanu
1248:
1244:
1243:George Meniuc
1240:
1236:
1235:Emilian Bukov
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:Limba noastră
1213:
1207:
1203:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1166:The novelist
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:White Donbass
1096:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
993:
992:Dmitrii Milev
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
942:Red Ploughman
939:
938:Plugarul Roșu
929:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
881:
879:
874:
872:
867:
865:
861:
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849:
848:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
792:
790:
789:
783:
779:
775:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
746:(1745-1808),
745:
737:
733:
727:
723:
714:
712:
708:
704:
699:
698:(1672-1745).
697:
693:
689:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
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661:
657:
651:
648:
644:
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621:
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581:
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547:
543:
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538:Mihul Kopilul
535:
531:
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523:
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495:
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487:
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472:
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389:
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186:
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165:
164:
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159:
158:Moldavian SSR
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
120:
114:
108:
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99:
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90:
89:
85:
81:
80:
71:
68:
60:
57:December 2013
50:
46:
40:
39:
35:
29:
20:
19:
16:
3256:
3071:Old English
2956:Anglo-Norman
2815:
2746:Demographics
2682:Central Bank
2611:Human rights
2586:Constitution
2522:Subdivisions
2410:Transnistria
2291:. Retrieved
2276:
2252:
2241:. Retrieved
2236:
2204:
2198:
2178:
2171:
2160:the original
2147:
2135:. Retrieved
2131:
2121:
2109:. Retrieved
2098:
2089:
2085:
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2050:
2041:
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2008:
1987:. Retrieved
1982:
1969:
1957:. Retrieved
1942:
1935:
1910:. Retrieved
1905:
1895:
1884:. Retrieved
1879:
1869:
1860:
1839:. Retrieved
1825:
1815:
1806:
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1782:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1739:
1732:
1719:
1700:
1694:
1683:. Retrieved
1669:
1659:
1641:
1638:Petru Cărare
1635:
1632:
1627:
1624:Romanianists
1623:
1620:Moldovenists
1619:
1617:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1562:
1560:
1555:
1547:
1541:
1517:
1510:
1505:
1501:(1966), and
1498:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1407:Anatol Gujel
1395:Iosif Balţan
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1371:Face to Face
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1320:Andrei Lupan
1316:Bogdan Istru
1292:World War II
1289:
1285:Andrei Lupan
1263:
1247:Bogdan Istru
1239:Andrei Lupan
1232:
1227:
1223:
1222:(Peasants),
1219:
1215:
1210:
1190:
1188:
1184:Two meetings
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1144:and others.
1141:
1138:Cuvintul viu
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1095:Donbasul Alb
1094:
1093:, the poems
1090:
1088:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1058:In the flame
1057:
1053:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1016:
1013:Teodor Malai
1011:
1006:
1002:
997:
990:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
941:
937:
935:
924:
920:
908:
904:
896:
892:
888:
882:
878:Transylvania
875:
868:
863:
851:
845:
843:
823:Alecu Donici
819:Romanian Bee
818:
812:
807:
793:
786:
777:
772:
767:
763:
759:
755:
740:
710:
706:
700:
692:Miron Costin
684:
665:
652:
628:
623:
619:
611:
603:
597:
583:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
519:
481:
480:
418:Coat of arms
333:
318:Architecture
180:Transnistria
63:
54:
32:
15:
3340: [
3274:(Provençal)
3262:Montenegrin
3129: [
2756:Health care
2677:Agriculture
2616:LGBT rights
2468:Earthquakes
1902:"Ion Canna"
1499:Deer Island
1414:Ion Druță's
1377:(1947) and
1369:(1940) and
1338:(1942) and
1308:Lev Barskii
1296:Soviet Army
1259:Vera Panfil
1253:(1911–67),
1245:(1918–87),
899:. In 1888,
827:Alecu Russo
766:(1812) and
752:Petru Maior
696:Ion Neculce
668:Peter Rareș
647:Vasile Lupu
635:Franciscans
530:Toma Alimos
3429:Categories
3397:in English
3295:Portuguese
3242:Macedonian
3237:Luxembourg
3232:Lithuanian
2991:Belarusian
2816:Literature
2689:(currency)
2631:Parliament
2606:Government
2591:Corruption
2540:Localities
2368:Bessarabia
2243:2013-06-24
2132:CriticAtac
1989:2013-06-23
1912:2013-06-23
1886:2013-06-23
1822:"Romanian"
1685:2013-06-25
1652:References
1612:See also:
1424:Zbor frânt
1409:(1922- ).
1226:(I sing),
1197:Bessarabia
1153:Tiraspolul
1107:Fuljeraria
1054:În flăcări
821:in 1829),
717:Modern Era
631:Dominicans
522:Plugusorul
494:Bessarabia
492:Moldavia,
359:Television
334:Literature
246:Traditions
138:Bessarabia
34:neutrality
3384:Ukrainian
3310:Sardinian
3280:Old Norse
3267:Norwegian
3212:Kashubian
3180:Icelandic
3175:Hungarian
3016:Bulgarian
2971:Aromanian
2961:Aragonese
2761:Moldovans
2751:Education
2715:Transport
2641:President
2596:Elections
2451:Geography
2261:cite book
1604:in 1991.
1357:, 1953),
1349:(1946),
1168:Ion Canna
1163:, 1934).
1147:The poet
1111:Snowstorm
1021:Socialism
1017:Oţelu jiu
970:Tinerimea
962:Reseritul
588:Wallachia
550:Duca Vode
384:Monuments
293:Festivals
264:Mythology
225:Languages
45:talk page
3402:in Welsh
3389:Venetian
3337:Silesian
3315:Scottish
3300:Romanian
3285:Ossetian
3272:Occitan
3257:Moldovan
3202:Jèrriais
3163:medieval
3143:Georgian
3138:Galician
3116:Friulian
3086:Estonian
3041:Croatian
2981:Austrian
2976:Asturian
2966:Armenian
2951:Albanian
2878:Category
2811:Holidays
2771:Religion
2626:Military
2569:Politics
2548:Gagauzia
2535:Communes
2500:Dniester
2337:articles
2137:June 24,
2111:June 25,
2062:June 25,
1622:and the
1593:Ana Sözü
1548:Martorul
1508:(1965).
1494:(1966),
1456:(1959),
1434:(1958).
1419:(1957),
1140:(1930),
1130:Struggle
1091:Cabanita
1078:Codreanu
1029:Komsomol
1027:and the
1003:Navalire
946:Tiraspol
925:Cerienok
889:Progress
804:Anacreon
798:and son
770:(1819).
713:(1716).
643:Bulgaria
633:and the
616:Dosoftei
558:Tobultok
542:Codreanu
486:Moldavia
323:Painters
300:Religion
233:Romanian
84:a series
82:Part of
38:disputed
3414:Yiddish
3374:Turkish
3364:Swedish
3359:Spanish
3354:Slovene
3332:Serbian
3305:Russian
3247:Maltese
3227:Latvian
3217:Kosovar
3197:Italian
3158:ancient
3111:Frisian
3101:Flemish
3096:Finnish
3091:Faroese
3066:English
3046:Cypriot
3031:Cornish
3026:Chuvash
3021:Catalan
3011:British
3001:Bosnian
2996:Belgian
2862:Outline
2838:Symbols
2799:Cuisine
2794:Costume
2781:Culture
2729:Society
2710:Tourism
2705:Poverty
2665:Economy
2581:Cabinet
2463:Climate
2345:History
2333:Moldova
2293:July 7,
2025:24 June
1959:23 June
1841:24 June
1790:24 June
1747:24 June
1554:writes
1375:Pogorna
1347:Andrieş
1290:During
1224:Eu cânt
1220:Ţăranii
1176:Râşniţa
982:October
966:Sunrise
864:Revival
612:Kazania
580:Romania
575:Mioriţa
516:History
405:Symbols
274:Cuisine
113:History
3393:Welsh
3349:Slovak
3290:Polish
3207:Kazakh
3168:modern
3148:German
3126:Gagauz
3121:Gaelic
3106:French
3056:Danish
3006:Breton
2986:Basque
2946:Abkhaz
2883:Portal
2789:Cinema
2700:Energy
2495:Danube
2490:Rivers
2335:
2284:
2211:
2186:
2016:
1950:
1832:
1707:
1676:
1644:) and
1602:Comrat
1266:Gagauz
1083:hajduk
1062:Nikita
1005:, and
921:Trojan
782:Hajduk
639:Serbia
554:Buzhor
546:Corbea
500:, the
496:, the
364:Cinema
215:People
86:on the
3369:Swiss
3344:]
3320:Scots
3222:Latin
3185:Irish
3153:Greek
3133:]
3061:Dutch
3051:Czech
2869:Index
2843:Sport
2821:Music
2741:Crime
2478:Birds
2473:Fauna
2358:Dacia
2163:(PDF)
2156:(PDF)
2082:(PDF)
1979:(PDF)
1506:Poems
1492:Roots
1446:Light
1126:Lupta
1049:Doina
1044:Poems
1025:Party
974:Ularf
964:, or
788:Doina
570:Dolca
526:Hydra
375:Sport
351:Media
341:Music
253:Dress
128:Dacia
3252:Manx
2804:Wine
2687:Leu
2505:Prut
2295:2013
2282:ISBN
2267:link
2209:ISBN
2184:ISBN
2139:2013
2113:2013
2064:2013
2027:2013
2014:ISBN
1961:2013
1948:ISBN
1927:link
1843:2013
1830:ISBN
1792:2013
1749:2013
1705:ISBN
1674:ISBN
1326:and
1228:Ţara
972:and
858:and
837:and
641:and
490:Prut
413:Flag
282:Wine
31:The
1569:'s
1526:by
1193:).
1124:),
1113:).
1101:),
626:).
310:Art
3431::
3342:cs
3131:ru
2263:}}
2259:{{
2235:.
2130:.
2090:48
2088:.
2084:.
1998:^
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1919:{{
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1851:^
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1318:,
1314:,
1298::
1105:,
1086:.
1031:.
1009:.
891:,
873:.
833:,
829:,
825:,
590:.
568:,
564:,
556:,
552:,
544:,
540:,
536:,
532:,
528:,
512:.
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2920:t
2913:v
2325:e
2318:t
2311:v
2297:.
2269:)
2246:.
2217:.
2192:.
2141:.
2115:.
2066:.
2029:.
1992:.
1963:.
1929:)
1915:.
1889:.
1845:.
1794:.
1751:.
1713:.
1688:.
1640:(
1596:(
1579:(
1426:(
1361:(
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1120:(
1109:(
1097:(
1068:(
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64:(
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51:.
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.