337:, William Heaton, James Page, A.O. Patterson, Robert McLean, Andrew Page, Jacob Wolf. Its motto was "Doctrina vim promovet insitam." It was disbanded in 1824, but revived shortly thereafter under the same constitution. An early constitution stated that its purpose was to encourage "literature, love and unanimity." The literary endeavors included contests for original poetry. In the 1840s and 1850s, literary works were submitted via an anonymous box. By rule, submissions that were "hurtful to the feelings of any member of the society" were prohibited. Every graduating member had to give a valedictory address. In 1834, the library held 1279 volumes. In order to prevent the college from taking control of its library, Washington Literary Society obtained a charter from the
199:
147:, who would select the victor. At times, contests became raucous affairs, with oratories punctuated by yells of objection from the crowd, like "I'd like to know on what basis?" The contest topics includes serious discussions like "Does belief in moral truth necessarily incite to fulfilling moral obligation?," causing some of the more droll members to propose non-nonsensical topics, like "Could a chimera ruminating in a vacuum devour second intentions?." Future
126:
109:
number of members in one society exceeded the other by more than five. Conversely, Philo denied membership to a number of men during a period when
Franklin's membership was low. Following the enrollment decline during the Civil War and the union of the two colleges in 1865, Franklin and Philo merged to form Franklin, and Washington and Union merged to form Union. By 1885, all literary societies had merged their libraries with
994:
101:
any student presenting "any ludicrous piece calculated merely to excite laughter." Each society maintained independent libraries for the use of their members. At various times, members of the societies feared that their collection would be confiscated by the administration. Critics of the
Washington and Union Literary Societies complained that their members frequented
362:
inactive, only to be reformed in 1952, with the goal of reigniting the “age old tradition of presenting faculty and student discussions on literature and closely related liberal arts.” Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, the
Franklin Literary Society presented talks, plays, and discussions on literary subjects. During the 2000s, the society hosted
89:
and
Literature at Washington & Jefferson College, the literary societies existed to "make young men in college familiar with parliamentary rules, with the perennial themes of human discussion, and to give them a readier use of their mother tongue." Typical early activities include the presentation of
100:
In their early stages, all of the societies were secret, with revelations to the outside incurring fines and banishment. Other infractions could incur fines, including the use of profanity, the wearing of boots, quoting scripture during debate, and whittling. At
Washington, fines were levied against
361:
Following the merger of the two colleges to form
Washington & Jefferson College in 1865, Franklin merged with Washington to form Franklin and Washington Literary Society. A short time later, the name returned to Franklin Literary Society. At some time in the 20th century, the society had become
88:
at
Washington & Jefferson College, and its predecessors Jefferson College, Washington College, Canonsburg Academy, and Washington Academy, developed in order to make students more familiar with debate, literature, oratory, and writing. According to W.M. McClelland, Professor of English Language
226:
The
Franklin Literary Society Hall was located in Providence Hall, the northern building on the campus of Jefferson College. It had a rostrum, with old-fashioned railings and desks. As of 1920, the old Franklin Literary Society Hall was used by the Monday Night Club, an organization of Canonsburg
108:
While the societies held rivalries with each other, Franklin men were seen as puritans, Philos the cavaliers, Washington having the intellectualism, and Union the pious ones, steps were taken to maintain a semblance of parity. Washington and Union agreed not to admit any additional members, if the
134:
It was debate, both intra-society and between competing societies, that was the focus of attention. Debates topics ranged from "Ought females to receive a liberal education?" at
Washington in 1817, to "Would the removal of Jefferson College to Washington be a public advantage?" at Philo in 1817.
58:
The history of literary societies at
Washington & Jefferson College dates back to 1797, when the Franklin Literary Society and the Philo Literary Society were founded at Canonsburg Academy. Two other literary societies were founded at Washington College, the Union Literary Society in 1809 and
206:
In addition to the traditional debates and writings, the early Franklin meetings includes spelling contests. The Franklin library began collecting books for its library in 1799. As of 1859, its collection totaled 3,679 volumes, which was more than the Jefferson College library, which had 2,000.
75:
selecting the victor. Because the two colleges never met each other in athletic contests, these literary competitions were the main outlet for their rivalry. In the years after the union of the two colleges, these four literary societies merged with the Franklin Literary Society, which survives
243:
While the Philo Society of Canonsburg Academy, later Jefferson College, claimed to have been founded in 1796, the only confirmation for that date was the inscription on the marble gavel block. The first recorded meeting was on August 23, 1797 at the stone college building in Canonsburg. The 12
142:
While intra-society debate was popular, the inter-society "contest" was the "day of destiny and of absorbing interest" in campus life. Contests pitted select society members against another in public debate, composition, and oratory. The first contest was in August 1799, when Philo challenged
518:
231:. A number of books from the old Franklin and Philo Libraries, as well as the Jefferson library, remained in Canonsburg until at least the 1920s. The old Franklin Literary Society Hall is preserved today by the Jefferson College Historical Society within the
214:
wrote "Observations on Spiders" for the Franklin Society, a prescient foreshadowing of his future contributions to the study of insects. The high point for participation in the Franklin Society was during the 1840s to 1860s. In 1836, a 27-year-old
280:
as having "degenerated from its pristine excellence," and becoming only "the receptacle of low buffoonery and abuse." As of 1859, its collection totaled 4,029 volumes, which was more than the Jefferson College library, which had 2,000.
267:
Inspector reports from the 1840s describe "elaborate memorials, sometimes amusingly bombastic and as long as an ordinary sermon" at meetings. By 1853, orations and debates had become rare, and the Philo Society's newspaper,
536:
116:
While Washington College and Jefferson College had a rivalry prior to their union in 1865, the two colleges never faced each other in athletic contests. Instead, the rivalry expressed itself in the literary field.
129:
Cover of the playbill for the 1893 Contest. The debate that year was over the proposition of "Resolved: That the National Government should Appropriate Money to the States for Educational Purposes in Proportion to
135:
The question of "Is female modesty natural or artificial?," debated at one of the first meetings of Franklin, was decided to be "natural." On the question of "Are spirituous liquors of advantage to society?"
264:, the early members used their cloaks to cover the windows during meetings. In 1805, the society began acquiring books for its library, selling subscriptions to members for $ 1 to $ 4.
1278:
71:
had intense rivalries with each other, competing in "contests", which pitted select society members against another in "compositions, speaking select orations and debating," with the
591:
920:
382:
and hosted other English department functions. In 1997, the society marked its 200th anniversary with performances by a fife and drum corps and an actor portraying
227:
residents who objected to the union of Jefferson and Washington Colleges. Members of this club includes W. F. Brown, former professor at Jefferson and grandson of
1388:
1235:
1022:
175:
The first recorded meeting of the Franklin Literary Society was held on November 14, 1797 at Canonsburg Academy, later Jefferson College. Among the founders were
1176:
977:
1137:
67:. Each society maintained independent libraries for the use of their members, each of which rivaled the holdings of their respective colleges. These four
1298:
252:, Samuel Tate, Robert Johnston, James Satterfield, John M. Lain, Elisha McCurdy, William Fowler, John Boggs, Robert Lee, W. Moorehead, and Joseph Smith.
1210:
1107:
144:
72:
139:
argued the "Yea" position. Among student, intra-society awards for skill at debate were more esteemed than being named first in one's graduating class.
1256:
1205:
195:
and kept its activities secret. Its stated purpose was to “cultivate and promote science and literature with friendship and morality among members.”.
55:
being chartered in 1802 and Washington College being chartered in 1806. These two schools merged in 1865 to form Washington & Jefferson College.
1171:
1189:
1071:
913:
48:
971:
742:
1017:
1127:
1066:
893:
1353:
333:
The Washington Literary Society was founded at Washington College on February 22, 1814. Its founding members were Alexander Gilleland,
1393:
1339:
906:
24:
187:, Stephen Lindley, James Galbraith, Thomas Hughes, David Imbrie, William Wood and William Wick. The early society was governed under
93:, translations of passages from Greek or Latin classics, and extemporaneous speaking. Later, the literary societies began to present
63:, translations of passages from Greek or Latin classics, and extemporaneous speaking. Later, the literary societies began to present
1346:
1050:
602:
1220:
756:
553:
Scarborough, David Knowles (1979). "Intercollegiate Athletics at Washington and Jefferson College: the Building of a Tradition".
966:
1250:
1303:
338:
1230:
1012:
1002:
656:
245:
1360:
1383:
961:
1288:
929:
235:, where its serves as a museum, with many of the original furnishing, paintings, and furniture of the original Hall.
228:
20:
635:
Manual of Public Libraries, Institutions and Societies in the United States and British Provinces of North America
322:
249:
136:
36:
256:
was another early member. Because secret societies were frowned upon, as they were suspected of having ties to
524:
306:
302:
232:
219:
accepted an offer to become an honorary member of Franklin, well before he rose to prominence. The fraternity
1086:
888:
812:
History of Jefferson College: Including an Account of the Early Log Cabin Schools, and the Canonsburg Academy
677:
297:
The Union Literary Society was founded at Washington College on November 10, 1809. The founding members were
156:
806:
32:
19:
played an important role in its academics and student life, especially during the 18th and 19th century.
1240:
1181:
1155:
1091:
1081:
85:
68:
40:
143:
Franklin to contest of "compositions, speaking select orations and debating" to take place before the
1076:
284:
By 1920, the old Philo Literary Society Hall in Canonsburg was used as a historical room and museum.
272:
contained "too much that betrays no refined taste has found its way into its columns." In 1854, the
353:
Jackson Literary Society was a short-lived literary society at Washington College during the 1830s.
305:, Joseph B. Becket, John Stephenson, Thomas S. Cunningham, and John McKennan. The first scribe was
1283:
940:
211:
52:
28:
1045:
983:
956:
816:
110:
1132:
334:
148:
59:
the Washington Literary Society in 1814. Typical early activities include the presentation of
864:
840:
786:
722:
630:
497:
1040:
367:
51:. These early schools eventually grew into two competing colleges, with Jefferson College in
1325:
1319:
188:
152:
873:. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Chaplin & Ihling Bro's Book and Job Printers. pp. 117–118.
8:
898:
810:
1112:
736:
1197:
528:
310:
298:
162:
famously debated the question of succession, with Mercur being declared the victor.
379:
648:
1293:
1035:
868:
844:
790:
764:
726:
685:
501:
375:
363:
253:
220:
216:
198:
371:
318:
192:
176:
159:
520:
Banners in the Wilderness: The Early Years of Washington and Jefferson College
223:
was founded in 1848 by a splinter group of Franklin Literary Society members.
1377:
1117:
314:
184:
1185:
846:
History of Washington County: From Its First Settlement to the Present Time
792:
History of Washington County: From Its First Settlement to the Present Time
532:
383:
342:
180:
44:
757:"Phi Gamma Delta's Monuments and Historic Sites: Canonsburg, Pennsylvania"
1030:
503:
The Centennial Celebration of the Chartering of Jefferson College in 1802
257:
498:"A History of Literary Societies at Washington & Jefferson College"
313:
was the first President. Its motto was "Deo juvante in ardua nitimur."
261:
94:
64:
1262:
1150:
1142:
125:
90:
60:
689:
1122:
601:. Washington & Jefferson College. Spring 2006. Archived from
506:. Philadelphia: George H. Buchanan and Company. pp. 111–132.
202:
A view of Jefferson College in the 1830s, showing Providence Hall
35:. The college traces its origin to three log cabin colleges in
273:
102:
287:
637:. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Company. p. 631.
165:
928:
17:
Literary societies at Washington & Jefferson College
731:. Vol. 43. East Palestine, Ohio. pp. 231–232.
592:"Organizations at W&J – Franklin Literary Society"
39:
established by three frontier clergymen in the 1780s:
978:
Topic: The Washington & Jefferson College Review
374:. It also presented symposia on topics ranging from
761:The Archives of The Fraternity of Phi Gamma Delta
1375:
649:"Text: E. A. Poe to Nourse, Semple and Thompson"
1389:College literary societies in the United States
548:
546:
328:
191:parliamentary rules. It modeled itself after
914:
631:"List of Libraries, Canonsburg, Pennsylvania"
491:
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
451:
449:
447:
445:
443:
441:
439:
437:
435:
433:
431:
429:
427:
425:
423:
421:
419:
543:
417:
415:
413:
411:
409:
407:
405:
403:
401:
399:
170:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
624:
622:
586:
584:
557:. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh: 15.
552:
348:
921:
907:
741:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
720:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
495:
288:Pre-merger societies at Washington College
858:
856:
396:
292:
238:
166:Pre-merger societies at Jefferson College
79:
1051:Ross Memorial Park and Alexandre Stadium
823:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
619:
386:, as well as a sword-cut birthday cake.
356:
197:
124:
778:
721:Chamberlin, William F. (October 1920).
561:
516:
1376:
993:
967:Culturally Authentic Pictorial Lexicon
862:
853:
838:
784:
517:Coleman, Helen Turnbull Waite (1956).
179:, Cephas Dodd (son of College Founder
902:
805:
703:
628:
339:Pennsylvania House of Representatives
120:
870:Manual of College Literary Societies
815:. Pittsburgh: J.T. Shryock. p.
657:Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore
13:
1394:Washington & Jefferson College
962:Combat Stress Intervention Program
931:Washington & Jefferson College
21:Washington & Jefferson College
14:
1405:
1289:East Washington Historic District
1279:Relations with City of Washington
881:
992:
678:"History of Greek Organizations"
155:and future Chief Justice of the
799:
323:Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan
37:Washington County, Pennsylvania
865:"The "Union" Literary Society"
749:
670:
641:
525:University of Pittsburgh Press
510:
1:
863:Seeley, Isaac Casper (1871).
723:"Historian Visits Canonsburg"
629:Rhees, William Jones (1859).
389:
157:Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
33:Pittsburgh metropolitan area
7:
329:Washington Literary Society
10:
1410:
1384:Student debating societies
1156:Washington Female Seminary
1092:Pennsylvania College Cases
1087:John McMillan's Log School
1082:Washington Medical College
244:founding members included
69:college literary societies
31:, which is located in the
1335:
1312:
1299:First Presbyterian Church
1271:
1219:
1164:
1100:
1077:Jefferson Medical College
1059:
1001:
990:
949:
938:
889:Franklin Literary Society
496:McClelland, W.C. (1903).
171:Franklin Literary Society
1284:Washington, Pennsylvania
942:Washington, Pennsylvania
349:Jackson Literary Society
233:Canonsburg Middle School
212:Henry Christopher McCook
53:Canonsburg, Pennsylvania
29:Washington, Pennsylvania
984:U. Grant Miller Library
957:Abernathy Field Station
839:Creigh, Alfred (1870).
785:Creigh, Alfred (1870).
1304:Church of the Covenant
1133:Swanson Science Center
335:Francis Julius LeMoyne
293:Union Literary Society
239:Philo Literary Society
203:
131:
80:Founding and operation
1041:Henry Memorial Center
368:Isaac Bashevis Singer
357:Post-merger societies
201:
128:
1320:Jefferson salamander
841:"Washington College"
189:United States Senate
153:Clement Vallandigham
25:liberal arts college
1236:Greek organizations
849:. pp. 170–171.
787:"Jefferson College"
728:The Phi Gamma Delta
1246:Literary societies
1177:List of presidents
1113:The Burnett Center
204:
193:debating societies
132:
121:Debate and contest
86:literary societies
1371:
1370:
1202:
1198:Tori Haring-Smith
1194:
1138:Technology Center
1108:List of buildings
555:Ph.D Dissertation
311:Jonathan Kearsley
299:Jonathan Kearsley
1401:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1223:
1200:
1192:
1023:Men's ice hockey
1005:
996:
995:
943:
932:
923:
916:
909:
900:
899:
875:
874:
860:
851:
850:
836:
821:
820:
803:
797:
796:
782:
776:
775:
773:
772:
753:
747:
746:
740:
732:
718:
701:
700:
698:
697:
688:. Archived from
674:
668:
667:
665:
664:
659:. September 1836
645:
639:
638:
626:
617:
616:
614:
613:
607:
599:W&J Magazine
596:
588:
559:
558:
550:
541:
540:
535:. Archived from
514:
508:
507:
493:
380:William Faulkner
246:William McMillan
105:too frequently.
1409:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1331:
1308:
1294:Sackville House
1267:
1257:Red & Black
1221:
1215:
1160:
1096:
1055:
1036:Cameron Stadium
1003:
997:
988:
945:
941:
934:
930:
927:
884:
879:
878:
861:
854:
837:
824:
804:
800:
783:
779:
770:
768:
765:Phi Gamma Delta
755:
754:
750:
734:
733:
719:
704:
695:
693:
686:Phi Gamma Delta
676:
675:
671:
662:
660:
647:
646:
642:
627:
620:
611:
609:
605:
594:
590:
589:
562:
551:
544:
527:. p. 107.
515:
511:
494:
397:
392:
376:Edgar Allan Poe
364:Margaret Atwood
359:
351:
331:
295:
290:
254:Joseph Stockton
241:
221:Phi Gamma Delta
217:Edgar Allan Poe
173:
168:
123:
82:
12:
11:
5:
1407:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1013:The Presidents
1009:
1007:
999:
998:
991:
989:
987:
986:
981:
974:
969:
964:
959:
953:
951:
947:
946:
939:
936:
935:
926:
925:
918:
911:
903:
897:
896:
883:
882:External links
880:
877:
876:
852:
822:
798:
795:. p. 227.
777:
748:
702:
669:
640:
618:
560:
542:
539:on 2016-01-08.
509:
394:
393:
391:
388:
372:Richard Wilbur
358:
355:
350:
347:
345:was a member.
330:
327:
325:were members.
319:Henry Stanbery
307:Andrew Stewart
303:Andrew Stewart
294:
291:
289:
286:
276:denounced the
240:
237:
177:James Carnahan
172:
169:
167:
164:
160:Ulysses Mercur
122:
119:
81:
78:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1406:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1326:The Dark Half
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1241:Jefferson Duo
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:John McMillan
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1118:McMillan Hall
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1000:
985:
982:
980:
979:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
952:
948:
944:
937:
933:
924:
919:
917:
912:
910:
905:
904:
901:
895:
891:
890:
886:
885:
872:
871:
866:
859:
857:
848:
847:
842:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
818:
814:
813:
808:
807:Smith, Joseph
802:
794:
793:
788:
781:
766:
762:
758:
752:
744:
738:
730:
729:
724:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
692:on 2010-01-07
691:
687:
683:
679:
673:
658:
654:
653:Poe's Letters
650:
644:
636:
632:
625:
623:
608:on 2006-09-17
604:
600:
593:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
565:
556:
549:
547:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
521:
513:
505:
504:
499:
492:
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
450:
448:
446:
444:
442:
440:
438:
436:
434:
432:
430:
428:
426:
424:
422:
420:
418:
416:
414:
412:
410:
408:
406:
404:
402:
400:
395:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
354:
346:
344:
340:
336:
326:
324:
320:
316:
315:Henry A. Wise
312:
308:
304:
300:
285:
282:
279:
275:
271:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
236:
234:
230:
229:Matthew Brown
224:
222:
218:
213:
208:
200:
196:
194:
190:
186:
185:Jacob Lindley
182:
178:
163:
161:
158:
154:
150:
146:
140:
138:
137:Charles Lucas
127:
118:
114:
112:
111:the College's
106:
104:
98:
96:
92:
87:
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
41:John McMillan
38:
34:
30:
26:
23:is a private
22:
18:
1324:
1255:
1245:
1222:Student life
1190:Joseph Smith
1186:Thaddeus Dod
1029:Facilities:
976:
972:Energy Index
887:
869:
845:
811:
801:
791:
780:
769:. Retrieved
760:
751:
727:
694:. Retrieved
690:the original
682:www.fiji.org
681:
672:
661:. Retrieved
652:
643:
634:
610:. Retrieved
603:the original
598:
554:
537:the original
519:
512:
502:
384:Ben Franklin
360:
352:
343:James Blaine
332:
296:
283:
277:
269:
266:
242:
225:
209:
205:
181:Thaddeus Dod
174:
151:Congressman
141:
133:
130:Illiteracy."
115:
107:
99:
95:declamations
83:
65:declamations
57:
49:Joseph Smith
45:Thaddeus Dod
16:
15:
1201:(President)
1031:Brooks Park
258:Freemasonry
250:John Watson
1378:Categories
1355:Wikisource
1193:(Founders)
1072:Traditions
771:2010-04-29
696:2010-04-29
663:2010-04-28
612:2010-04-29
390:References
262:witchcraft
149:Copperhead
1362:Wikiquote
1272:Community
1151:Hays Hall
1143:Pet House
1004:Athletics
950:Academics
737:cite book
210:In 1810,
91:dialogues
61:dialogues
1341:Category
1251:Politics
1211:Trustees
1149:Former:
1128:Old Main
1046:IceoPlex
1018:Football
809:(1857).
145:trustees
73:trustees
1348:Commons
1313:Related
1206:Faculty
1123:Old Gym
1067:History
1060:History
894:WikiDub
533:2191890
103:taverns
76:today.
1172:Alumni
1165:People
1101:Campus
767:. 2008
531:
370:, and
321:, and
274:eparch
47:, and
1231:Clubs
606:(PDF)
595:(PDF)
270:Iris,
1263:WNJR
743:link
529:OCLC
278:Iris
248:and
84:The
892:at
378:to
341:.
309:.
260:or
183:),
27:in
1380::
1188:/
1184:/
867:.
855:^
843:.
825:^
817:40
789:.
763:.
759:.
739:}}
735:{{
725:.
705:^
684:.
680:.
655:.
651:.
633:.
621:^
597:.
563:^
545:^
523:.
500:.
398:^
366:,
317:,
301:,
113:.
97:.
43:,
922:e
915:t
908:v
819:.
774:.
745:)
699:.
666:.
615:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.