468:
918:
Flexibility of polyurethane makes them easy to work with. Installation can be completed individually as a "do-it-yourself" project. Maintenance is extremely simple. Concerning pricing, it may vary depending on the manufacturer but are kept between an affordable range. As good as it sounds, polyurethane body kits too have its downfalls. Fiberglass or carbon fiber components are lighter in weight than most polyurethane kits. Polyurethane, again is flexible but more material and thickness is most often needed to keep adequate stiffness for road use. For drivers seeking speed for their higher performance vehicle, this can become a problem. Also, unlike fiberglass, polyurethane cannot be patched or repaired. Though it is much harder to damage, if damage did occur, the entire component must be removed and replaced. There are varying options when purchasing polyurethane kits.
511:
495:
663:
456:
19:
421:, foam-in-fabric or direct moulding. A complete, fully assembled seat cover is placed in the mold and held in place by vacuum drawn through small holes in the mold. Sometimes a thin pliable plastic film backing on the fabric is used to help the vacuum work more effectively. The metal seat frame is placed into the mold and the mold closed. At this point the mold contains what could be visualized as a "hollow seat", a seat fabric held in the correct position by the vacuum and containing a space with the metal frame in place.
480:
853:
271:
384:
291:
1189:
769:; in contrast, however, it is capable of a much faster and higher "build" of film, accomplishing in two coats what may require many applications of oil. Polyurethane may also be applied over a straight oil finish, but because of the relatively slow curing time of oils, the presence of volatile byproducts of curing, and the need for extended exposure of the oil to oxygen, care must be taken that the oils are sufficiently cured to accept the polyurethane.
31:
397:
1144:
338:, catalysts, auxiliary blowing agents and other additives and allowing the resulting foam to rise freely. Most FPF is manufactured using continuous processing technology and also can be produced in batches where relatively small blocks of foam are made in open-topped molds, boxes, or other suitable enclosurers. The foam is then cut to the desired shape and size for use in a variety of furniture and furnishings applications.
312:
114:
914:, side skirts, roll pans, and wiper cowls. Polyurethane allows production of durable components unlike the conventional fiberglass (FRP) that can easily break upon impact. Polyurethane is highly flexible therefore more resistant to damage. Including durability, these body kits when produced by a reputable manufacturer, exhibits less imperfections, are easy to install and maintain, and are affordable.
886:
tires as well, even though they are solid polyurethane all the way through. Other constructions have been developed for pneumatic tires, and microcellular foam variants are widely used in tires on wheelchairs, bicycles and other uses. These latter foam types are also widely encountered in car steering wheels and other interior and exterior automotive parts, including bumpers and fenders.
721:
106:
547:
679:
299:
layer (polyurethane foam) and a polyethylene (PE) casing, which are bonded by the insulating material. One of the main advantages of rigid polyurethane foam is that it offers a very low thermal conductivity (with values as low as 23mW/m⋅K) while offering enough structural strength to withstand the loads that buried pipe systems are subjected to.
1196:
Closed cell polyurethane foam can be used as backfill in applications where the high density and compression strength of concrete are not necessary. In addition to being considerably lighter than concrete, the closed cell nature of the material prevents the transfer of moisture to the structure being
1060:
Thermoset polyurethanes are also used as a protective coating against abrasion. Cast polyurethane over materials such as steel will absorb particle impact more efficiently. Polyurethanes have been proven to last in excess of 25 years in abrasive environments where non-coated steel would erode in less
424:
Polyurethane chemicals are injected by a mixing head into the mold cavity. Then the mold is held at a preset reaction temperature until the chemical mixture has foamed, filled the mold, and formed a stable soft foam. The time required is two to three minutes, depending on the size of the seat and the
302:
Due to the closed-cell nature of rigid polyurethane foams, PUR insulation has minimal water absorption, which coupled with an appropriate cover, makes it a particularly suitable in applications where bacterial growth is a concern. Polyurethane insulation is suitable for insulating pipes with surface
598:
Some raft manufacturers use urethane for the construction of inflatable boats. AIRE uses urethane membrane material as an air-retentive bladder inside a PVC shell, whereas SOTAR uses urethane membrane materials as a coating on some boats. Maravia uses a liquid urethane material which is spray-coated
1134:
Sheet and flaked semi-open cell hydrophilic polyurethane foams have found application in roof gardens and vertical green walls with commercial products now emerging on the market. Semi-open cell polyurethane foams substrates have much lower density and far greater water holding capacities than soil
744:
floors, but considered by some to be difficult or unsuitable for finishing furniture or other detailed pieces. Relative to oil or shellac varnishes, polyurethane varnish forms a harder film which tends to de-laminate if subjected to heat or shock, fracturing the film and leaving white patches. This
389:
Polyurethane foam in the lower half of the mold in which it was made. When assembled into a car seat, this foam makes up the seat back. The forward-facing part of the seat back is the surface of the foam which is face-down in the mold. The two holes in the foam at the top of the picture are for the
298:
Rigid polyurethane foam is used in various industries to provide thermal insulation to installations and pipes. In particular, the piping for district heating systems in Europe is primarily insulated using a pre-insulated pipes sandwich assembly composed of a steel heat service pipe, an insulating
917:
When fiberglass body kits begin to show cracks, chips from usual wear and tear, a well manufactured polyurethane components have similar durability to a factory installed bumper. As mentioned above, when produced by a reputable manufacturer, tend to have less pinholes and casting imperfections.
885:
to expand considerably. Polyurethane is also used to make small equipment tires in the lawn and garden industry for wheelbarrows, hand trucks, lawn mowers, carts, etc. They provide the bounce and feel of an air-filled tire with the benefit of no punctures. They weigh about the same as air-filled
932:
them in polyurethane. Typically polyurethanes are selected for the excellent abrasion resistances, good electrical properties, excellent adhesion, impact strength, and low-temperature flexibility. The disadvantage of polyurethanes is the limited upper service temperature (typically 250 °F
41:
products have many uses. Over three quarters of the global consumption of polyurethane products is in the form of foams, with flexible and rigid types being roughly equal in market size. In both cases, the foam is usually behind other materials: flexible foams are behind upholstery fabrics in
1205:
Environmental variables, natural wear and tear, and weather conditions, can all cause damage to concrete seawalls. These problems can erode the structure over time, rendering it more susceptible to further harm. Traditionally repair has required an in depth process using concrete, however
944:). In most cases, after the urethane cures, the completed circuit board would not be repairable. Because of its physical properties and low cost, polyurethane encapsulation (potting) is a popular option in the automotive manufacturing sector for automotive circuits and sensors.
694:(PUL), which is used for its waterproof and windproof properties in outerwear, diapers, shower curtains, and so forth. PU is used in some cutting-edge swimsuits to provide buoyancy for competitive swimmers. There are restrictions as the buoyancy enhances swimming performance.
631:
Some boat decks including U.S Navy and
Pakistani fishing vessels use specialized polyurethane sealants to protect from constant moisture and harsh oceanic elements. As an example, Durabak-M26 uses a custom single-part polyurethane to prevent water seepage to unwanted areas.
1303:
1135:
substrates. The semi-open cell structure facilitate the required plant root attachment for vertical wall gardens. Reductions in weight reduce building/wall supporting structure requirements, whilst increased water holding capacity reduces plant watering requirements.
880:
became economical only with the introduction of tough, abrasion-resistant polyurethane parts, helping to usher in the popularity of what had once been an obscure 1960s craze. The durability of polyurethane wheels allowed the range of tricks and stunts performed on
981:, a new adhesive system was introduced for the first time in 1985. The base for this system is polyether or polyester, whereas polyurethane (PUR) is used as prepolymer. Its special features are coagulation at room temperature and resistance to moisture.
50:
panels in the construction sector. Its use in garments is growing: for example, in lining the cups of brassieres. Polyurethane is also used for moldings which include door frames, columns, balusters, window headers, pediments, medallions and rosettes.
898:
Using polyurethane bushings can have many benefits like maintaining the right alignment of caster, camber and toe and thereby increasing the overall control and handling. It also increases the lifespan, provides more resistance to wear out and is less
894:
Polyurethane usage has increased over the past twenty years in the automotive industry. It is being used to replace traditional rubber bushings which are known to fail or wear out on road surfaces prone to large amounts of salt and chemical debris.
282:. The combination of low cost, high flexibility and high abrasion and tear resistance make polyurethanes excellent materials for scrubbing applications. Polyurethane sponges have been shown to reduce the risk of spreading certain bacteria.
437:
in
Florida, USA, were built out of polyurethane foam. Domed ceilings and other odd shapes are easier to make with foam than with wood. Foam was used to build oddly shaped buildings, statues, and decorations in the Seuss Landing section of the
705:
in the form of spandex can stretch up to 600% and still return to their original shape. Spandex is spun with other fibers, such as cotton, nylon, or polyester, to create stretchable fibers essential for clothing for both sports and fashion.
494:
804:
from the air. Certain products are "hybrids" and combine different aspects of their parent components. "Oil-modified" polyurethanes, whether water-borne or solvent-borne, are currently the most widely used wood floor finishes.
653:
Polyurethane has been used to make several Tennis
Overgrips such as Yonex Super Grap, Wilson Pro Overgrip and many other grips. These grips are highly stretchable to ensure the grip wraps neatly around the racquet's handle.
844:" varnish) to work against UV damage. Polyurethanes are typically the most resistant to water exposure, high humidity, temperature extremes, and fungus or mildew, which also adversely affect varnish and paint performance.
413:
for each seat model. The mold is a closeable "clamshell" sort of structure that will allow quick casting of the seat cushion, so-called molded flexible foam, which is then upholstered after removal from the mold.
749:. This is also in part due to polyurethane's lesser penetration into the wood. Various priming techniques are employed to overcome this problem, including the use of certain oil varnishes, specified "dewaxed"
1281:
510:
1167:
is now widely used in residential, commercial and municipal applications. Common applications include repairing settled sidewalks, driveways, patios and garage floors. In the US it is sometimes known as
1048:
paper can be bound without problems. It is the most economical glue, with a theoretical application thickness of 0.01 mm. However, in actual use, it is not practical to apply less than 0.03 mm.
1044:
PUR is better than hotmelt or cold glue for most applications. Because of the lack of moisture in the glue, paper with contrary grain direction can be glued without problems. Even printed and
449:
Polyurethane resin is used as an aesthetic flooring material. Being seamless and water resistant, it is gaining interest for use in (modern) interiors, especially in
Western Europe.
425:
precise formulation and operating conditions. Then the mold is usually opened slightly for a minute or two for an additional cure time, before the fully upholstered seat is removed.
554:
Approved polyurethane sealants (which is different from foam) are available in one, two and three part systems, and in cartridges, buckets or drums. Polyurethane sealants (such as
467:
670:
Polyurethane is used as a black wrapping for timepiece bracelets over the main material which is generally stainless steel. It is used for comfort, style, and durability.
1492:
455:
1429:
611:
are made with a rigid polyurethane core. A rigid foam blank is molded, shaped to specification, then covered with fiberglass cloth and polyester resin.
960:. Its main advantage over more traditional wood glues is its water resistance. It was introduced to the general North American market in the 1990s as
349:
1159:
Closed cell polymers have been used to raise and support concrete roadways and bridge approaches since 1989. Originally developed in Europe and
442:(USA) theme park. Rigid foam manufacturers sell foam that replace wood in carved sign and 3D-topography industries. PU foam is also used as a
640:
Some water tanks are insulated with polyurethane chemicals (polyol and isocyanates) to maintain water temperature for long periods of time.
535:
479:
1230:
840:
in paints and stains protect against UV damage, while UV-absorbers are added to polyurethane and other varnishes (in particular "
1119:
1123:
940:
manufacture would use a two-part urethane (resin and catalyst) that would be mixed and poured onto the circuit assembly (see
126:
The following table shows an example how polyurethanes were used in one country over a dozen years ago (US data from 2004):
86:
Polyurethane foam is widely used in high resiliency flexible foam seating, rigid foam insulation panels, microcellular foam
1496:
1407:
757:, or "oil-modified" polyurethane designed for the purpose. Polyurethane varnish may also lack the "hand-rubbed" lustre of
1457:
906:
Polyurethane (PU) is popularized in the manufacturing of some of the highest quality aerodynamic components /body kits (
54:
Polyurethane formulations cover an extremely wide range of stiffness, hardness, and densities. These materials include:
740:
coats to protect or seal wood. This use results in a hard, abrasion-resistant, and durable coating that is popular for
619:
Some boat hulls have a rigid polyurethane foam core sandwiched between fiberglass skins. The foam provides strength,
1248:
82:
Cast and injection molded components for various markets – i.e., agriculture, military, automotive, industrial, etc.
579:
558:) are used to fill gaps thereby preventing air and water leakage. They are also used in conjunction with inorganic
1051:
PUR glue is weather-proof, and stable at temperatures from −40 °C (−40 °F) to 100 °C (212 °F).
928:
Often electronic circuit components and wires are protected from environmental influence and mechanical shock by
117:
This repaired shoe is probably, like many shoes, soled with polyurethane. PU soles may crumble due to hydrolysis.
970:, but had been available in Europe much earlier. Polyurethane is the basis for some construction adhesives in a
22:
Polyurethane foam made with an aromatic isocyanate, which has been exposed to UV light. Readily apparent is the
1650:
1266:
1210:
is a lightweight and long-lasting substance that has become increasingly popular to repair damaged seawalls.
808:
Exterior use of polyurethane varnish may be problematic due to its susceptibility to deterioration through
1611:
1115:
1518:
1479:"What is a Polyurethane Bushing? - MTC Parts - OEM and Aftermarket Japanese, Korean, American Car Parts"
582:
used flammable polyurethane foam as a firestop, which was accidentally ignited and caused a major fire.
66:, bedding, automotive and truck seating, and novel inorganic plant substrates for roof or wall gardens
409:
Polyurethanes are used to make automobile seats in a remarkable manner. The seat manufacturer has a
323:
23:
42:
commercial and domestic furniture; rigid foams are between metal, or plastic walls/sheets of most
1316:
1091:. Polyurethane formliners serves as a mold for concrete, creating a variety of textures and art.
1645:
1430:"Lower Rear Trailing Control Arm - Left or Right (Tubular w/ Heavy Duty Polyurethane Bushings)"
1583:
367:
Flexible and semi-flexible polyurethane foams are used extensively for interior components of
1408:"Polyurethane Applications in Heavy Duty Industrial Casters and Heavy Duty Industrial Wheels"
937:
691:
1558:
1478:
1377:
1100:
715:
516:
Flame test. Top, untreated polyurethane foam burns vigorously. Bottom, with fire-retardant.
439:
1559:"A new polyurethane-based material could mean self-hardening, almost impenetrable helmets"
662:
8:
911:
1282:"A Comparison of Urethane and Cellulose Sponges as Cleaning Tools in Household Kitchens"
1169:
910:) for varying automobiles (car, truck, and SUV) on the market. These components include
1177:
872:
drive and load wheels, grocery and industrial carts, and roller coaster wheels. Modern
781:
559:
95:
47:
1389:
1164:
687:
443:
410:
279:
87:
1597:
1126:
for potential material for helmets, face shields, and ballistic vests for soldiers.
18:
957:
941:
929:
1104:
1045:
1357:
1148:
873:
737:
278:
Open-cell flexible polyurethane foam is used to make many kitchen and bathroom
1160:
852:
1639:
1543:
1393:
1249:"Hydrolysis, The Crumbling of Shoe Soles explained | Safety Shoes and Gloves"
527:
461:
Polyurethane being used as an insulator in house construction (yellow layer).
76:
Hard solid plastics used as electronic instrument bezels and structural parts
1231:"One Material to Rule Them All – The polyurethane in the Footwear Industry"
962:
841:
809:
590:
Polyurethane foam is widely used in the marine world in many applications:
563:
501:
485:
434:
383:
335:
319:
43:
38:
1087:
Polyurethane is also used in the concrete construction industry to create
882:
789:
762:
342:
315:
270:
109:
Applications of polyurethane materials, plotted by density and stiffness.
1342:
1188:
812:(UV) light exposure. All clear or translucent varnishes, and indeed all
290:
978:
877:
773:
758:
701:, also known as elastane or by DuPont's brand name Lycra. Polyurethane
697:
A still more popular use of polyurethane in textiles is in the form of
500:
Polyurethane foam used as joist cavity insulation at a restaurant near
368:
102:
underlay, and hard plastic parts (such as for electronic instruments).
70:
63:
30:
1280:
Gerba, Charles P.; Sifuentes, Laura Y.; Tamimi, Akrum H. (May 2017).
1143:
1088:
907:
608:
575:
504:, not in direct sunlight, exhibiting shrinkage at the bond interface.
372:
345:
1328:
599:
over PVC to enhance air retention and increase abrasion resistance.
971:
953:
900:
869:
801:
797:
766:
741:
620:
567:
531:
530:, one of which is a polyurethane (either T6 or 16), when mixed and
353:
1493:"MSDS - LePage PL Premium 100% Polyurethane Construction Adhesive"
433:
The walls and ceiling (not just the insulation) of the futuristic
311:
1207:
1152:
837:
833:
817:
793:
750:
733:
698:
555:
396:
331:
46:
and freezers, or other surface materials in the case of thermal
785:
113:
99:
91:
1317:
https://www.logstor.com/media/6857/pipe-technology_en_p_dh.pdf
626:
94:, durable elastomeric wheels and tires, automotive suspension
1358:"Marine Foam & Flotation Foam | Closed Cell Foam Boating"
1040:
Advantages of polyurethane glue in the bookbinding industry:
865:
861:
829:
825:
821:
777:
754:
745:
tendency increases when it is applied over softer woods like
729:
702:
571:
330:
Open cell flexible polyurethane foam (FPF) is made by mixing
1061:
than 8 years. Polyurethanes are used in industries such as:
836:, etc.) are susceptible to this damage in varying degrees.
813:
746:
720:
59:
1625:
1036:
Cure reached within a few seconds due to dual-core systems
678:
105:
1197:
supported which can reduce the risk or rot or corrosion.
541:
784:, after evaporation of the solvent, upon reaction with
546:
428:
348:
cushions, automotive seat cushions and interior trim,
417:
It is possible to combine these two steps, so-called
1279:
359:
Flexible polyurethane foam is a recyclable product.
341:
Applications for flexible polyurethane foam include
728:Polyurethane materials are commonly formulated as
1452:
1450:
1173:
922:
521:
1637:
98:, electrical potting compounds, seals, gaskets,
1118:have been investigated by researchers from the
788:from the air, polyurethane coatings cure after
1447:
1147:PU-containing sea defenses being installed on
371:, in seats, headrests, armrests, roof liners,
1458:"Polyurethane Body Kits: A Cheap Alternative"
1225:
1223:
1129:
800:within the original mix, or by reaction with
303:temperatures ranging from -196°C to 148°C.
1544:"Polaris A1 - United States Nuclear Forces"
627:Boat decks and outdoor marine surface areas
402:Foam seat back after removal from the mould
1220:
860:Polyurethane is also used in making solid
550:Polyurethane foam, misapplied as firestop.
79:Flexible plastics used as straps and bands
1612:"Expanding Foam vs. Concrete Fence Post"
1187:
1142:
1103:as solid fuel in the submarine launched
977:On the way to a new and better glue for
921:
851:
719:
690:is added to a polyester weave to create
677:
661:
545:
488:with polyurethane foam walls and ceiling
310:
289:
285:
269:
121:
112:
104:
29:
17:
356:padding and solid-core mattress cores.
1638:
1183:
1055:
903:to oil and similar road contaminants.
657:
542:Construction sealants and firestopping
473:Polyurethane foam as a wall insulation
1557:Owens, Katherine (October 23, 2017).
1556:
1519:"Polyurethane adhesives and sealants"
1124:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1094:
682:Polyurethane fiber (spandex) clothing
614:
1584:"Green Roofs – A Growing Phenomenon"
1355:
856:Polyurethane wheels in inline skates
643:
534:, expand into a hard, space-filling
265:
1138:
1099:Polyurethane is used together with
889:
724:A floor with a polyurethane topcoat
593:
429:Houses, sculptures, and decorations
362:
24:discoloration that occurs over time
13:
1495:. Henkel Adhesives. Archived from
868:. Industrial applications include
324:yellowing caused by light exposure
14:
1662:
1200:
1176:have developed the eco-friendly
1022:Cure time between 6 and 16 hours
585:
580:Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant
509:
493:
478:
466:
454:
395:
382:
318:cushions like these are made of
34:Custom-cast polyurethane objects
1618:
1604:
1598:"Polyurethane Concrete Raising"
1590:
1576:
1550:
1536:
1511:
1485:
1471:
1422:
1400:
1382:Chemical & Engineering News
1370:
1343:"Polyurethane Foam Association"
952:Polyurethane can be used as an
648:
198:Textiles, fibers & apparel
1349:
1335:
1321:
1310:
1296:
1273:
1259:
1241:
635:
522:Filling of spaces and cavities
1:
1213:
1192:Polyurethane foam as backfill
1120:U.S. Army Research Laboratory
1110:
1065:Mining and mineral processing
796:by a variety of reactions of
602:
1267:"Polyurethane Foam Material"
1116:Polyurethane urea elastomers
1026:Fourth generation (present)
947:
686:A thin film of polyurethane
306:
143:Building & construction
7:
1460:. Cars Direct. 29 July 2010
1083:Inflatable boat manufacture
673:
135:Usage (millions of pounds)
10:
1667:
1174:Foam Supplies Incorporated
1163:by Uretek, this method of
1130:Inorganic plant substrates
713:
709:
1356:Read, Josh (2023-03-15).
998:Second generation (1996)
847:
1388:: 7. February 15, 1999.
1012:Third generation (2000)
984:First generation (1988)
938:electronic circuit-board
666:Polyurethane watch strap
322:polyurethane foam. Note
274:Polyurethane foam sponge
209:Machinery & foundry
165:Furniture & bedding
1626:"Polyurethane backfill"
623:, and sound deadening.
570:. Firestops can thwart
566:or ceramic fibres, for
375:and instrument panels.
1286:Food Protection Trends
1193:
1156:
1030:Good starting solidity
1016:Good starting solidity
857:
725:
683:
667:
551:
327:
295:
275:
118:
110:
35:
27:
1651:Science-related lists
1191:
1146:
1002:Low starting solidity
988:Low starting solidity
923:Electronic components
855:
723:
692:polyurethane laminate
681:
665:
549:
314:
294:Industrial Insulation
293:
286:Industrial Insulation
273:
122:Usage per application
116:
108:
58:Low-density flexible
33:
21:
1523:adhesiveplatform.com
1378:"What's That Stuff?"
1253:www.safetyjogger.com
1151:, an island off the
1101:Ammonium perchlorate
1008:Cure time <3 days
994:Cure time >3 days
753:, clear penetrating
716:Polyurethane varnish
440:Islands of Adventure
138:Proportion of total
1184:Concrete substitute
1056:Abrasion resistance
936:The production the
658:Watch-band wrapping
1499:on 19 October 2016
1481:. 12 January 2023.
1194:
1157:
1095:Solid-fuel rockets
1033:Very low viscosity
956:, especially as a
858:
726:
684:
668:
615:Rigid-hulled boats
552:
328:
296:
276:
119:
111:
36:
28:
1614:. 24 August 2021.
1410:. Caster Concepts
1165:concrete leveling
644:Flexible plastics
444:thermal insulator
266:Cleaning products
263:
262:
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1263:
1257:
1256:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1235:www.linkedin.com
1227:
1139:Concrete raising
1105:Polaris missiles
1077:Paper processing
958:woodworking glue
942:resin dispensing
933:(121 °C)).
924:
890:Automotive parts
820:coatings (i.e.,
594:Inflatable boats
513:
497:
482:
470:
458:
446:in many houses.
399:
386:
363:Automobile seats
129:
128:
73:used in footwear
1666:
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1563:Defense Systems
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1401:
1376:
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1371:
1362:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1329:"EC-ISO-Shells"
1327:
1326:
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1315:
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1302:
1301:
1297:
1278:
1274:
1265:
1264:
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1203:
1186:
1141:
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1097:
1058:
1046:supercalendered
950:
926:
892:
850:
718:
712:
676:
660:
651:
646:
638:
629:
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596:
588:
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483:
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471:
462:
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431:
407:
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400:
392:
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390:headrest posts.
387:
365:
309:
288:
268:
154:Transportation
124:
12:
11:
5:
1664:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1632:
1631:
1617:
1603:
1589:
1575:
1549:
1535:
1510:
1484:
1470:
1446:
1421:
1399:
1369:
1348:
1334:
1320:
1309:
1295:
1272:
1258:
1240:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1202:
1201:Seawall Repair
1199:
1185:
1182:
1140:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1112:
1109:
1096:
1093:
1085:
1084:
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1071:Transportation
1069:
1066:
1057:
1054:
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1052:
1049:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:High viscosity
1003:
996:
995:
992:
991:High viscosity
989:
949:
946:
925:
920:
891:
888:
874:roller blading
849:
846:
714:Main article:
711:
708:
675:
672:
659:
656:
650:
647:
645:
642:
637:
634:
628:
625:
616:
613:
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595:
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587:
584:
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528:binary liquids
523:
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519:
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508:
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484:
477:
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472:
465:
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430:
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394:
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388:
381:
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364:
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350:carpet cushion
308:
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287:
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267:
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84:
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77:
74:
67:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1663:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1646:Polyurethanes
1644:
1643:
1641:
1627:
1621:
1613:
1607:
1599:
1593:
1585:
1579:
1564:
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1395:
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1373:
1359:
1352:
1344:
1338:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1313:
1305:
1299:
1292:(3): 170–175.
1291:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1268:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1224:
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1050:
1047:
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1035:
1032:
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1028:
1027:
1021:
1019:Low viscosity
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
993:
990:
987:
986:
985:
982:
980:
975:
974:tube format.
973:
969:
965:
964:
959:
955:
945:
943:
939:
934:
931:
919:
915:
913:
909:
904:
902:
896:
887:
884:
879:
878:skateboarding
875:
871:
867:
863:
854:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
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764:
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748:
743:
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735:
731:
722:
717:
707:
704:
700:
695:
693:
689:
680:
671:
664:
655:
641:
633:
624:
622:
612:
610:
600:
591:
586:Water vessels
583:
581:
578:passage. The
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
548:
539:
537:
533:
529:
512:
507:
503:
496:
491:
487:
481:
476:
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457:
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412:
398:
385:
376:
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347:
344:
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336:diisocyanates
333:
325:
321:
317:
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304:
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292:
283:
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272:
258:
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156:
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148:
145:
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141:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
115:
107:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
81:
78:
75:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:
56:
55:
52:
49:
45:
44:refrigerators
40:
32:
25:
20:
16:
1620:
1606:
1592:
1578:
1566:. Retrieved
1562:
1552:
1538:
1526:. Retrieved
1522:
1513:
1501:. Retrieved
1497:the original
1487:
1473:
1462:. Retrieved
1437:. Retrieved
1434:autowado.com
1433:
1424:
1412:. Retrieved
1402:
1385:
1381:
1372:
1361:. Retrieved
1351:
1337:
1331:. June 2022.
1323:
1312:
1298:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1204:
1195:
1158:
1149:Hallig Gröde
1133:
1114:
1098:
1086:
1059:
1039:
1025:
1011:
997:
983:
976:
967:
963:Gorilla Glue
961:
951:
935:
927:
916:
905:
897:
893:
859:
832:, synthetic
810:ultra-violet
807:
771:
727:
696:
685:
669:
652:
649:Tennis grips
639:
630:
618:
606:
597:
589:
568:firestopping
553:
525:
502:Philadelphia
486:Xanadu House
448:
435:Xanadu House
432:
423:
418:
416:
408:
366:
358:
340:
329:
320:viscoelastic
301:
297:
277:
220:Electronics
132:Application
125:
85:
69:Low density
53:
39:Polyurethane
37:
15:
1170:Slabjacking
979:bookbinders
883:skateboards
790:evaporation
774:drying oils
759:drying oils
636:Water tanks
576:hose-stream
369:automobiles
343:upholstered
316:Memory foam
242:Other uses
176:Appliances
1640:Categories
1568:August 30,
1503:19 October
1464:2013-02-28
1363:2023-06-14
1214:References
1111:Body armor
1089:formliners
609:surfboards
603:Surfboards
562:, such as
560:insulation
373:dashboards
187:Packaging
71:elastomers
64:upholstery
48:insulation
1394:0009-2347
1178:FoamJack™
1068:Aggregate
948:Adhesives
930:enclosing
908:body kits
798:chemicals
738:finishing
734:varnishes
536:aerosolid
346:furniture
307:Furniture
231:Footwear
1304:"EN 253"
1180:system.
1161:patented
1122:and the
1074:Concrete
972:caulking
954:adhesive
901:pervious
870:forklift
838:Pigments
802:moisture
767:tung oil
761:such as
742:hardwood
674:Textiles
621:buoyancy
564:rockwool
354:mattress
96:bushings
62:used in
1439:28 July
1208:geofoam
912:bumpers
834:plastic
818:polymer
794:solvent
792:of the
772:Unlike
763:linseed
751:shellac
710:Varnish
699:spandex
556:EZ-Poly
532:aerated
419:in-situ
332:polyols
280:sponges
259:100.0%
92:gaskets
1528:18 May
1414:21 May
1392:
1153:German
866:wheels
848:Wheels
786:oxygen
780:which
778:alkyds
730:paints
703:fibers
688:finish
352:, and
256:5,444
253:Total
248:10.2%
171:20.6%
168:1,127
160:23.9%
157:1,298
149:26.8%
146:1,459
100:carpet
1155:coast
1080:Power
968:Excel
862:tires
830:epoxy
826:stain
822:paint
755:epoxy
607:Some
572:smoke
237:0.7%
226:1.4%
215:3.3%
204:3.3%
193:4.6%
182:5.1%
88:seals
1570:2018
1530:2020
1505:2016
1441:2012
1416:2014
1390:ISSN
966:and
876:and
864:and
842:spar
814:film
782:cure
776:and
747:pine
736:for
732:and
574:and
526:Two
411:mold
245:558
212:178
201:181
190:251
179:278
90:and
60:foam
1172:.
765:or
234:39
223:75
1642::
1561:.
1521:.
1449:^
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1386:77
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1380:.
1290:37
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1233:.
1222:^
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1396:.
1366:.
1345:.
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1269:.
1255:.
1237:.
816:-
326:.
26:.
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