98:(511); though he did not himself attend it, he set the agenda and followed the proceedings closely (at stake was "the unification of the Roman church under Frankish rule"). After the waning of Caesarius's influence and the establishment of Merovingian rule, the focus of the soon-to-be Frankish Church shifted north, to deal with the growing problem of adjusting to "deeply embedded Germanic practices"; rather than Pelagianism or Predestinatarianism, bishops now had to deal with problems involving "marriage, the relations between a warrior aristocracy and clergy, or monks and nuns, the conflicts born of royal influence and control, or of property rights".
63:. As soon as they had established themselves, Merovingian kings (and the Carolingians after them) exerted their influence on the councils. According to Gregory Halfond, such congruence was a particular quality of the Gallo-Roman church, in which the Roman aristocracy made up an important part of the leadership of the Gallo-Roman (and later the Frankish) church; continuity in this power nexus is indicated also by the continued use of Roman procedures in the councils.
55:, more than thirty of them between 314 and 506. The synods listed here (some of which are also referred to as "General synods of the German empire") mark a particularly Germanic development in the Western Church: to the usual regional or provincial councils, Germanic peoples added a traditional element from their systems of government, the idea of a national council, which was influenced by the Christian East.
120:
was the first of three "reform councils" he organized in his attempts to reform the
Frankish church. He was only partially successful in his attempts, and never really succeeded in disentangling the close relationship between nobility and clergy, which in many cases had led to church property being
111:
Many of the synods (sometimes also called "councils"—"synod" is sometimes applied to smaller gatherings), though not all, have what can be called "conciliar status," that is, they were convoked by a monarchical authority. Especially in the
Frankish church the great number of conciliar canons is
101:
The basic model established by Clovis entailed a meeting of church leaders (at any level) which could be convoked by religious or secular authorities. The result of such meetings were ecclesiastical legislative decisions called
90:) practices of the Gallic church anathematized, and at the ensuing council in Vaison liturgical conformity with other Churches (Italy, Africa, the East) was established. A model for the following Frankish synods was set by
58:
They also indicate a growing congruence between church and state. While Arian rulers kept their distance from the general councils, Visigoth rulers began influencing the councils only after the conversion of
1070:
Hartmann, Wilfried (1985). "Die fränkische Kirche in der Mitte des 8. Jahrhunderts". In Heinz Dopsch, Roswitha
Juffinger (ed.). Salzburg: Amt der Salzburger Landesregierung, Kulturabteilung. pp. 59–65.
112:
evidence of the close relationship between the rulers and the church. By the eighth century, however, the regular organization of synods had largely disappeared, and when
Boniface complained to
108:. Another aspect of synods was judicial: those who had transgressed ecclesiastical and other law were investigated and judged. Finally, synods decided on matters of grants and privileges.
1180:
460:
412:
394:
374:
263:
269:
221:
403:
353:
182:
529:
418:
466:
290:
498:
170:
510:
445:
380:
310:
301:
1178:
Schuler, Matthias (1947). "Zum 1200jähr. Jubiläum des fränkischen
Generalkonzils vom Jahre 747. Der höhepunkt der Reformtätigkeit des hl. Bonifatius".
475:
339:
1098:
The
Catholic encyclopedia: an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline, and history of the Catholic church, Volume 11
439:
1222:
454:
295:
82:(529). The synods organized by Caesarius were regional, and were mostly concerned with conforming the canons and practices of the Church of
1118:
Markus, Robert A. (1992). "From
Caesarius to Boniface: Christianity and Paganism in Gaul". In Jacques Fontaine, J.N. Hillgarth (ed.).
1227:
116:
in 742 that there hadn't been a synod in the
Frankish church in at least eighty years, he was not exaggerating by much. Boniface's
1146:
1127:
1060:
1025:
1002:
121:
owned by noblemen (who had been appointed bishops by
Carolingian rulers, for instance to appease them) and their families.
832:
A manual of councils of the Holy
Catholick Church, comprising the substance of the most remarkable and important canons
209:
1168:
1035:
Dierkens, Alain (1984). "Superstitions, christianisme et paganisma à la fin de l'epoque mérovingienne: A propos de l
1232:
1105:
Lumpe, Adolf (1970). "Zur Geschichte der Wörter 'Concilium' und 'Synodus' in der antiken christlichen Latinität".
1193:
Wolf, Gunther G. (1999). "Die Peripetie in des Bonifatius Wirksamkeit und die Resignation Karlmanns d.Ă„.".
245:
104:
1088:
275:
257:
239:
95:
524:
504:
251:
147:
79:
345:
176:
1195:
541:
321:
205:
75:
893:
386:
369:
1122:. Studies of the Warburg Institute. Vol. 42. London: Warburg Institute. pp. 154–72.
977:
963:
882:
871:
817:
599:
924:
904:
860:
195:
1120:
Le septième siècle: changements et continuités/The seventh century: changes and continuities
546:
488:
423:
316:
165:
160:
117:
52:
518:
8:
918:
141:
40:
36:
1237:
1075:
1014:
67:
32:
1164:
1156:
1142:
1123:
1056:
1021:
998:
201:
724:
There is some discussion on the appropriateness of the term "reform"; see Halfond 1.
1217:
213:
830:
551:
135:
20:
492:
113:
1211:
470:
281:
124:
449:
407:
334:
87:
60:
917:
398:
86:
to those of other Churches. At Orange, for instance, he had earlier (
285:
91:
31:
and its immediate predecessors in the Frankish area, including the
1046:. Brussels: Éditions de l'Université de Bruxelles. pp. 9–26.
555:
514:
328:
1096:
Herbermann, Charles George; et al. (1911). "Paul I, Pope".
427:
27:
1163:(2 ed.). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
23:
83:
71:
1161:
Winfrid-Bonifatius und die Christliche Grundlegung Europas
818:
Halfond, "Appendix A: Frankish Councils, 511–768." 223–46.
125:
Post-Roman synods held in Gaul before the Frankish period
1139:
Encyclopedia of theology: a concise Sacramentum mundi
1053:
Archaeology of Frankish Church Councils, AD 511-768
1013:
1209:
521:) and veneration of images in the Western Church
501:(1 March 744), Boniface's second reform council
70:, who presided over the Visigoth synod held at
51:Regional synods had been held regularly in the
950:
948:
359:Third Council of Clermont (Auvergne) (584/91)
995:Religion and the conduct of war, c. 300-1215
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
307:Second Synod of Paris (551/2 / 556/73 / 567)
46:
856:
854:
852:
850:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
639:
637:
627:
625:
1095:
973:
971:
945:
915:
909:
702:
700:
698:
1155:
1069:
1034:
992:
847:
736:
634:
622:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
1223:Catholic Church councils held in France
1177:
1050:
1011:
968:
695:
430:and on liturgical and canonical matters
1210:
1136:
1117:
1040:Indiculus superstitionem et paganiarum
1012:Delaney, John J. (2005). "Sulpicius".
828:
1104:
582:
270:Second Council of Clermont (Auvergne)
1192:
928:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
252:First Council of Clermont (Auvergne)
189:
1100:. Robert Appleton. pp. 577–78.
1044:Magie, sorcellerie, parapsychologie
154:
13:
513:(767), sanctioned the traditional
463:(673/75), convoked by Childeric II
363:
333:Synod of Paris (577), by order of
327:Synod of Paris (573), by order of
228:
129:
14:
1249:
916:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
482:
1181:Trierer Theologische Zeitschrift
993:Bachrach, David Steward (2003).
883:Acta Conciliorum tom. 3 col. 355
872:Acta Conciliorum tom. 3 col. 353
535:
233:
66:An early important churchman is
1228:Christianity in the Middle Ages
1107:Annuarium Historiae Conciliorum
957:
932:
898:
887:
876:
865:
822:
727:
718:
709:
686:
677:
406:(ca. 643), declared invalid by
664:
655:
646:
613:
604:
573:
1:
829:Landon, Edward Henry (1893).
561:
1051:Halfond, Gregory I. (2009).
461:Synod of Saint-Jean-de-Losne
7:
1042:". In Hervé Hasquin (ed.).
10:
1254:
964:Herbermann et al. 577–578.
525:Council of Frankfurt (794)
74:in 506, and then over the
505:Council of Soissons (744)
413:Synod of Chalon-sur-SaĂ´ne
264:Fourth Council of Orléans
246:Second Council of Orléans
222:Second Council of Valence
47:Background and importance
978:Herberman et al. 276–78.
554:(895), presided over by
395:Sixth Council of Orléans
375:Sixth Council of Orléans
354:Third Council of Valence
284:(550), presided over by
276:Fifth Council of Orléans
258:Third Council of Orléans
240:First Council of Orléans
206:ecclesiastical provinces
183:Second Council of Vaison
177:Second Council of Orange
96:First Council of Orléans
80:Second council of Vaison
76:Second Council of Orange
1233:Christianity in Francia
542:Council of Aachen (809)
530:Council of Friuli (796)
436:Council of Clichy (654)
419:Synod of Arles (648/60)
391:Council of Clichy (636)
322:Second Council of Tours
218:Council of Lyon (518/9)
919:"St. Columbanus"
448:(662/75), convoked by
397:(639/41), convoked by
370:Council of Paris (614)
346:Synod of Mâcon (581/3)
1196:Archiv fĂĽr Diplomatik
1137:Rahner, Karl (1975).
925:Catholic Encyclopedia
861:Herbermann et al. 53.
683:Halfond viii, 21, 59.
467:Synod of Malay-le-Roi
350:Council of Lyon (583)
196:Council of Lyon (516)
1141:. Freiburg: Herder.
1016:Dictionary of Saints
547:Synod of Worms (868)
489:Concilium Germanicum
433:Synod of Paris (653)
424:First Synod of Rouen
387:Synod of Mâcon (627)
317:Synod of Arles (554)
291:Synod of Paris (550)
166:Synod of Arles (524)
161:Synod of Arles (506)
118:Concilium Germanicum
94:, who organized the
517:(the matter of the
499:Council of Estinnes
491:, presided over by
469:(677), convoked by
171:Synod of Carpentras
148:Council of Narbonne
142:Synod of Marseilles
41:Kingdom of Burgundy
37:Ostrogothic Kingdom
1157:Schieffer, Theodor
426:(650), decided on
404:Council of Bourges
204:(517), united the
68:Caesarius of Arles
33:Visigothic Kingdom
1148:978-0-86012-006-3
1129:978-0-85481-083-3
1083:Missing or empty
1062:978-90-04-17976-9
1027:978-0-385-51520-7
1004:978-0-85115-944-7
511:Synod of Gentilly
446:Synod of Bordeaux
381:Council of Clichy
311:Synod of Brittany
202:Council of Epaone
190:Burgundian synods
1245:
1204:
1189:
1174:
1152:
1133:
1114:
1101:
1092:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1071:
1066:
1047:
1038:
1031:
1020:. Random House.
1019:
1008:
980:
975:
966:
961:
955:
952:
943:
936:
930:
929:
921:
913:
907:
902:
896:
891:
885:
880:
874:
869:
863:
858:
845:
844:
842:
840:
826:
820:
815:
734:
731:
725:
722:
716:
713:
707:
704:
693:
690:
684:
681:
675:
668:
662:
659:
653:
650:
644:
641:
632:
629:
620:
617:
611:
608:
602:
597:
580:
577:
476:Synod of Auxerre
340:Synod of Saintes
155:Ostrogoth synods
28:Frankish kingdom
1253:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1208:
1207:
1171:
1149:
1130:
1084:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1063:
1036:
1028:
1005:
984:
983:
976:
969:
962:
958:
953:
946:
937:
933:
914:
910:
903:
899:
894:Delaney 579–80.
892:
888:
881:
877:
870:
866:
859:
848:
838:
836:
827:
823:
816:
737:
732:
728:
723:
719:
714:
710:
705:
696:
691:
687:
682:
678:
669:
665:
660:
656:
651:
647:
642:
635:
630:
623:
618:
614:
609:
605:
600:Rahner 301–302.
598:
583:
578:
574:
564:
552:Synod of Tribur
538:
485:
440:Synod of Nantes
366:
364:Seventh century
236:
231:
229:Frankish synods
192:
157:
132:
130:Visigoth synods
127:
49:
12:
11:
5:
1251:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1206:
1205:
1190:
1175:
1169:
1153:
1147:
1134:
1128:
1115:
1102:
1093:
1067:
1061:
1048:
1032:
1026:
1009:
1003:
989:
988:
982:
981:
967:
956:
944:
931:
908:
897:
886:
875:
864:
846:
821:
735:
726:
717:
708:
694:
685:
676:
663:
661:Halfond 12–13.
654:
652:Halfond 10–13.
645:
633:
631:Markus 155–56.
621:
612:
603:
581:
571:
570:
569:
568:
563:
560:
559:
558:
549:
544:
537:
534:
533:
532:
527:
522:
508:
502:
496:
484:
483:Eighth century
481:
480:
479:
473:
464:
458:
455:Synod of Autun
452:
443:
437:
434:
431:
421:
416:
410:
401:
392:
389:
384:
378:
372:
365:
362:
361:
360:
357:
351:
348:
343:
337:
331:
325:
319:
314:
308:
305:
302:Synod of Éauze
299:
293:
288:
279:
273:
267:
261:
255:
249:
243:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
225:
219:
216:
199:
191:
188:
187:
186:
180:
174:
168:
163:
156:
153:
152:
151:
145:
139:
131:
128:
126:
123:
114:Pope Zacharias
78:(529) and the
53:Church of Gaul
48:
45:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1250:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1170:3-534-06065-2
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1077:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1006:
1000:
996:
991:
990:
986:
985:
979:
974:
972:
965:
960:
951:
949:
941:
935:
927:
926:
920:
912:
906:
901:
895:
890:
884:
879:
873:
868:
862:
857:
855:
853:
851:
835:. p. 390
834:
833:
825:
819:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
730:
721:
712:
703:
701:
699:
689:
680:
673:
667:
658:
649:
640:
638:
628:
626:
616:
607:
601:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
576:
572:
566:
565:
557:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
536:Ninth century
531:
528:
526:
523:
520:
516:
512:
509:
507:(3 March 744)
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
490:
487:
486:
477:
474:
472:
471:Theuderic III
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
451:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
425:
422:
420:
417:
414:
411:
409:
405:
402:
400:
396:
393:
390:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
358:
355:
352:
349:
347:
344:
341:
338:
336:
332:
330:
326:
323:
320:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
296:Synod of Metz
294:
292:
289:
287:
283:
282:Synod of Toul
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
237:
234:Sixth century
223:
220:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
158:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:Synod of Agde
134:
133:
122:
119:
115:
109:
107:
106:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
62:
56:
54:
44:
42:
38:
34:
30:
29:
25:
22:
16:
1200:
1194:
1185:
1179:
1160:
1138:
1119:
1110:
1106:
1097:
1085:|title=
1052:
1043:
1039:
1015:
994:
987:Bibliography
959:
954:Dierkens 15.
939:
934:
923:
911:
905:Bachrach 25.
900:
889:
878:
867:
837:. Retrieved
831:
824:
729:
720:
711:
706:Schuler 364.
692:Hartmann 59.
688:
679:
671:
666:
657:
648:
643:Halfond 8–9.
615:
610:Halfond 4–6.
606:
575:
450:Childeric II
408:Sigebert III
110:
103:
100:
65:
57:
50:
26:held in the
19:
17:
15:
997:. Boydell.
335:Chilperic I
1212:Categories
1113:(1): 1–21.
733:Schieffer.
619:Halfond 6.
579:Halfond 2.
562:References
61:Reccared I
39:, and the
18:A list of
1238:Visigoths
1188:: 362–70.
1076:cite book
1055:. Brill.
715:Wolf 1–5.
399:Clovis II
224:(ca. 528)
1159:(1980).
519:Filioque
493:Boniface
457:(662/76)
415:(647/53)
286:Nicetius
198:(c. 516)
92:Clovis I
88:Pelagian
1218:Francia
839:24 July
556:Hatto I
515:trinity
495:(742/3)
442:(655/8)
383:(626/7)
356:(583/5)
329:Guntram
298:(550/5)
105:canones
1203:: 1–5.
1167:
1145:
1126:
1059:
1024:
1001:
940:passim
672:passim
670:Lumpe
428:simony
214:Vienne
35:, the
24:synods
21:church
1037:'
938:Wolf
567:Notes
478:(695)
377:(621)
342:(579)
324:(567)
313:(552)
304:(551)
278:(549)
272:(549)
266:(541)
260:(538)
254:(535)
248:(533)
242:(511)
185:(529)
179:(529)
173:(527)
150:(589)
144:(533)
138:(506)
1165:ISBN
1143:ISBN
1124:ISBN
1089:help
1057:ISBN
1022:ISBN
999:ISBN
841:2024
212:and
210:Lyon
84:Gaul
72:Agde
208:of
1214::
1201:45
1199:.
1186:56
1184:.
1109:.
1080::
1078:}}
1074:{{
970:^
947:^
922:.
849:^
738:^
697:^
636:^
624:^
584:^
43:.
1173:.
1151:.
1132:.
1111:2
1091:)
1087:(
1065:.
1030:.
1007:.
942:.
843:.
674:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.