Cantonese culture - Knowledge

3085: 2748: 3235: 1942: 1933: 1899: 3069: 1559: 2065: 1742:, with considerable popularity in Lingnan and its own subculture. It could trace its root to at least the 9th century, where the Tang Empire had documented that the people in the area were making embroidery. Cantonese embroidery attained its current form around the 15th century and has its own set of techniques. Visually, it is known for being colorful and containing multiple images without feeling chaotic. Due to Guangdong's historical role in trade between the Chinese empire and the outside world, Cantonese embroidery had been sold to many Western European people and became a popular type of item in European aristocrats' collections of oriental crafts. 3866: 3022: 1575: 2196: 1593:

and flowers with buildings for provided protection, due to the frequent rainstorms in the region; (2) Lingnan gardens usually use regionally native plant species, such as red cotton flowers, lotuses, orchids, and lychee trees; and (3) due to Lingnan being far away from the center of political power (i.e., Zhongyuan), gardens in the region have historically been less stressed by royal standards, resulting in a style that leans more towards the common people, e.g., Lingnan gardens are decorated with a large amount of folk arts, ranging from sculptures to porcelains, and also tend to use smaller and simpler buildings.

1639: 3132: 3167: 2652: 3117: 4010: 2670: 2727: 3181:. Originally disorganized, the fighting techniques of Cantonese people were grouped into different schools between the 18th to 19th centuries. At that time, pirates and bandits were rampant in the empire's fringe regions such as Lingnan. This resulted in Cantonese starting to want to protect themselves, and thus the proliferation of martial arts learning. That was when the Cantonese people organized their fighting techniques into schools, forming the martial arts schools seen among Cantonese today. Martial arts folk heroes from that period, such as 2871: 2790: 3054: 2859:(Jyutping: Dim sam; Traditional Chinese: 點心, literally "to touch the heart") is a characteristic of Cantonese cuisine usually, but not only, eaten during yum cha. They are a set of small bite-sized portions of food served in small steam baskets or on small plates. In Cantonese teahouses, carts with dim sum will be moving around the restaurant for the diners to order from without having to leave their seats. In Cantonese traditions, the diners will often order dim sum at will while chatting and enjoying the endless serving of teas. 2610: 3034: 2691: 3940: 1951: 4024: 3914: 1543: 1921:(a city well known for making white porcelains), worked on them to produce colorful porcelains, and exported their products to Western Europe. Later, this art spread to the entire Lingnan region. Hong Kong, for instance, started making Canton porcelain starting from the 1930s and exported many of their products to the entire world, though nowadays, few Hongkongese work on this style of porcelain outside hobbyists, due to the fact that the city has shifted its focus to the service and finance industries. 1959: 3310: 3989:, and many other Southeast Asian ethnic groups. They are usually three to four meters in length and have small shelters on board. This makes it possible for fishermen to live on their own sampans. In the major Cantonese cities of Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Macau, it is a common sight to see crowds of sampans docked at their harbours. Thus, the image of the sampan-filled harbour is strongly associated with Lingnan. Sampans also regularly show up in films and music videos made by Cantonese. 1460: 1678: 2706: 2631: 1751: 5820: 5502: 4038: 2184: 3899:, the king of the Nanyue kingdom, once gave a red cotton tree to the Han Empire to express respect – meaning that at that time, the people of Lingnan already used red cotton flowers to represent their homeland. Nowadays, red cotton flower frequently appears in the poems and songs composed by Cantonese people. Red cotton flower is currently the official symbol of Guangzhou, the cultural center of Lingnan, and also of Guangdong and Guangxi as a whole. 3147: 4052: 2772: 2208: 3727: 3607: 2529:. As a result, cuisine in Lingnan could use many different food materials. The book "New Comments on Guangdong" (廣東新語), written by Wat Dai-gwan, said: 天下所有食貨，粵東幾盡有之，粵東所有之食貨，天下未必盡也。(Classical Chinese: Every ingredient that the world has, Guangdong has it; Every ingredient that Guangdong has, the rest of the world may not have it). Today, the cuisine of the Lingnan region has fully developed into a distinct school of cuisine on its own. 38: 3974: 3301: 2812: 2053: 5832: 5514: 3998: 2021:. It emphasizes leaving blank spaces and the use of bright colors, in stark contrast to less colorful ink wash painting. For example, "The Flames of the Eastern Battlefield" used watercolor to paint bright red colors in the background. This, alongside the blank spaces in the painting, gives potential alternative interpretations of the blank spaces, which could look like either smoke or clouds. 1133: 2309: 3084: 2833:

instance, "to invite someone to go yum cha" is basically a way of expressing friendship. Traditionally, Cantonese could go yum cha whether in the morning, afternoon, or evening. Morning tea is typically dominated by the elderly, although many younger people often accompany their grandparents for morning tea as a way of showing respect and affection. Cantonese

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Cantonese people having to rely on firewood for fuels. This caused them to avoid using a large fire (which cooking techniques such as stir-frying require) and instead used low heat to simmer their foods – resulting in lou fo tong. Nowadays, lou fo tong has become a fully developed style of soup and became an integral part of Cantonese cuisine.

2441:, Guangdong. He was said to be very intelligent since he was a child, and later became the empire's minister. 12 of his poems were listed as the 300 best poems from the Tang Empire. Since then, the Lingnan region has produced a steady stream of poets of varying levels of prominence. They were even given a label called Lingnan school of poetry ( 1342:. The vast majority of Lingnan's traditional operas, folk songs, and poetry are all expressed in Cantonese. It can trace its roots all the way back to the ancient Nanyue people. Their language did not belong to the Chinese language family, though. However, with the large influx of Han Chinese migrants throughout history, especially during the 2177:. Cantonese opera is also noted for its use of makeup and headdresses on the actors' parts. Makeups in Cantonese opera are primarily white, and could vary in colors depending on the personalities of the characters, e.g., totally white makeups are often used to represent a villain. Headdresses are also used to represent the characters. 1883: 3335:, for instance, is observed by Japanese and many Southeast Asians as well. However, Cantonese often have their own unique customs. For instance, New Year flower fairs are seen only among Cantonese and certain overseas Chinese communities of Cantonese ancestry. The Lingnan region also has certain celebrations unique to the area. 3818:, and even Cantonese developing their own business culture: Cantonese merchants are known for being pragmatic, having a preference for actual profits over fame, and the avoidance of political matters and displays of wealth. Nowadays, Cantonese people still inherit this commercial culture. Major Lingnan cities such as 3709:"culture of distance from Confucius"), which may be related to Lingnan historically being a fringe region of the Chinese Empire, and influence from the Tang dynasty (who placed greater emphasis on Taoism and Buddhism than Confucianism): While Confucian philosophy still has its deep influence on Cantonese culture, 1772:. Despite this, this style of woodcarving is heavily incorporated into various forms of Cantonese crafts. It began in the 11th century and became popularized in the late 16th century. Many Teochew woodcarving products are plated with gold, commonly seen being decorations for Buddhist temples or ancestral halls. 1536:) starting from the 19th century. Combining Southern Chinese architectural styles with Western European ones, it is particularly prevalent in regions with more exposure to Western European cultures, such as Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Macau. Tong laus in Lingnan show influence from the classical Lingnan style. 2913:

and is considered to have a cooling effect on the body. Herbal tea was a unique drink in Lingnan. It is said that herbal tea had appeared before the Qing dynasty. Lingnan is located in a subtropical zone in which the climate is characterized by hot and humid summers and mild winters. People living in

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Traditionally, Cantonese cooks prefer their dishes to have well-balanced flavor and not be greasy. Spices are used in modest amounts, at best, to preserve the flavors of the primary ingredients, which, in turn, are expected to be at the peak of their freshness and quality. Cantonese cooking tends not

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and a few other non-Han ethnic groups. This resulted in large-scale intermixing of the Han Chinese and Nanyue people during that period – reflected in the fact that modern Cantonese people are, genetically, hybrid descendants of the ancient Han Chinese and Nanyue cultures. Modern Lingnan (descendents

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families in 72 counties of the Guangdong province. It comprises all sorts of folk architectural and decorative arts and is famous for its "three carvings" (stone, wood, and brick carvings), "three sculptures" (ceramic sculpture, clay sculpture, and colorful sculpture), and "one cast" (cast iron). As

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is a characteristic dessert of Cantonese cuisine. It is a set of sweet, warm soups or custards served as dessert at the end of a meal in Cantonese traditions. It is also common for Cantonese people to leave home to get some tong sui with a group of friends or family late in the evening, an activity

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Guangzhou, the cultural capital of the region, has long been a trading hub. This resulted in many imported ingredients being used in Cantonese cuisine. Besides pork, beef, and chicken, Cantonese cuisine uses nearly every edible meat, including offal, chicken feet, duck's tongue, snakes, and snails.

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The Cantonese language has a very rich collection of folk songs, many of which can be traced back to the ancient Nanyue people before sinicization of the region. These folk songs are widely sung and broadcast in the Lingnan region even to this day. Broadly speaking, they can be divided into several

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Lingnan style of calligraphy is typically described by Han Chinese critics as "bold" and "romantic". Archaeological evidence suggests that the people of Lingnan had been writing and producing calligraphy works since the collapse of the kingdom of Nanyue. However, due to the hot and humid climate of

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of the people of Lingnan. Despite being recognized only in the early 20th century, it can trace its roots to at least the 15th century. This style is noted for its emphasis on the match between "the natural" and "the artificial" parts of the penjing. For instance, artists of Lingnan penjing tend to

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Lingnan culture is considered to be a commercial, oceanic culture that embodies the history of the region: Its foundation consists of a mix of Han Chinese and Nanyue (especially the Tang dynasty's and Song dynasty's) influences, having preserved a considerable amount of Tang-Song cultural heritages

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Overall, Cantonese martial arts are known for its emphasis on striking in various different ways using punches, while maintaining a steady lower body posture. They often shout battle cries (for the purpose of unnerving the opponents), rarely jump, kick, or do any elaborate large movements – a very

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Regardless of hours, yum cha starts with the diners ordering a specific set of teas they would like to drink. After that, the waiters would bring the teas, which the diners will be drinking while enjoying the foods and engaging in all sorts of social interactions. Even after they have finished the

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Canton porcelain involves painting various colors on white porcelains and cementing the colors on the porcelain products afterward through the use of low heat (less than 800 degree Celsius, which is low by porcelain standards). This style is renowned for its bright colors and detailed drawings. It

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design native to the Lingnan region. Geographically, Lingnan has a very different climate from China's heartland (i.e., Zhongyuan), resulting in the development of a different style in garden-designing. The most frequently cited traits of Lingnan gardens are: (1) they tend to surround their plants

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also have a set of food specifically designed for morning tea. Afternoon tea is similar in most aspects, except it is more common for entire families to go yum cha at this hour. Evening tea tends to attract large gatherings – and the foods ordered at such hours also tend to be more sophisticated.

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is a subculture within Cantonese food culture. While it can be found in some other Han Chinese groups, it is far more prevalent among Cantonese people, and also overseas Chinese, historically most of whom have been of Cantonese ancestry. It has a specific set of terminologies among Cantonese. For

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of the Lingnan region, mostly associated with Cantonese people. It differs significantly from those found in other Han Chinese regions because of factors such as climates and availability of materials, both of which were affected by the geographical features of Lingnan. Overall, classical Lingnan

1860:, a Cantonese young woman from the early 16th century, well-known for being both beautiful and very talented. Despite this, she died of an illness at the young age of 19 and her death was widely mourned as a great loss. This work of poem painting is one of her few works and now on display at the 2401:

For a long time, the Hong Kong cinema had been one of the largest movie industries in the world and still has influence to this day. Being produced by Hong Kong, these movies have been primarily expressed using Cantonese, although films from certain periods were in Mandarin due to geopolitical

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Guangdong music is a style of traditional Chinese instrumental music from Guangzhou and nearby areas, though nowadays it is found also in much of China. Guangdong music compositions are primarily based on tunes derived from Cantonese opera and Cantonese folk songs, especially before the 1920s.

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made by simmering meat and other ingredients over low heat for several hours. These ingredients may include meats, vegetables, seafood, fruits, and medicinal herbs. It originated in the late 17th to early 18th century. At that time, Guangdong had difficulty extracting coals, which resulted in

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back at the time of their kingdom. After sinicization, the techniques of the people in the region only became even more polished and refined. Nowadays, Cantonese are accomplished craftspeople, known for creating and exporting many fine craft products, including various types of sculptures,

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Cantonese furniture can be dated at least back to the 17th century. This style generally uses the native timbers in the Lingnan region, while borrowing elements from traditional furniture styles of the Tang Empire and the Song Empire and artistic styles imported from Western Europe. It is

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carving. It has a history of more than two thousand years – with archaeologists unearthing jade carvings from the remains of the kingdom of Nanyue. After sinicization, the people of Lingnan learned jade carving from the Tang Empire's jade wares, and invented the technique of "lau sik"

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style, especially in its use of curves; (3) using techniques from other Lingnan crafts, such as Teochew woodcarving; and (4) heavy use of shells and marbles as decorations. Nowadays, Cantonese furniture is being exported to many other Han Chinese communities and to foreign countries.

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have been written in standard written Chinese. However, starting from the 21st century, Hong Kong, as a cultural center in the region, has developed a complete writing system for Cantonese. Some writers in the city now advocate composing literature in written Cantonese.

1844:, who had to leave Lingnan due to an assignment from the then Ming emperor. It is a work of "poem painting" (painting with a poem written on it; with both the picture and the poem having some sort of relation to each other). This work is now stored in Hong Kong. 3304:

Traditionally, Cantonese buy flowers to give as gifts and decorate their homes during Lunar New Year, resulting in the proliferation of flower fairs before and during Lunar New Year. Guangzhou, the cultural capital of Lingnan, has even been called "the flower

2918:. In major cities such as Guangzhou and Hong Kong, "cool tea shops", which specialize in selling herb teas, are common sights. Due to the efforts of the governments of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong, and Macau, methods to make leung cha have been considered an 1264:. This term literally means "Street of the Tang people". This is said to reflect the fact that the sinicization of Lingnan was most prominent during the Tang dynasty, which resulted in the Cantonese people having an especially strong affinity to that dynasty. 1190:

of Northern Nanyue) contains both Nanyue and Han Chinese elements: modern Cantonese has kept some features of Middle Chinese pronunciation (the prestige language of the Tang Empire), but has also retained a substantial amount of features from the long-extinct

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subtropical environments are more likely to suffer from ailments such as skin diseases and gastroenteritis, which herbal teas such as leung cha are thought to treat. Drinking herbal tea gradually became widespread as a custom in China, as well as the rest of

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After the 1980s, however, international ivory trade has been banned. This resulted in the Cantonese people now trying to find substitute materials – materials that look and feel like but are actually not ivory – in their attempt to pass on this ancient art.

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storytellers. Since that time, Cantonese Gonggu has seen steady development, with storytellers performing in their own stalls or Cantonese teahouses. Starting from the 20th century, the area around Guangzhou has even started erecting "storytelling stages"

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In the past two thousand years, Lingnan (especially the area around Guangzhou) has spent much of the time being the Chinese Empire's main port, resulting in a strong commercial tradition, formation of renowned Cantonese trade organizations such as the

1962:"The Flames of the Eastern Battlefield" (Traditional Chinese: 東戰場的烈焰) from the 1930s; It is the work of Gou Gim-Fu, one of the founders of the Lingnan school of painting and regularly cited as one of the representative early works of this school. 1205:

dynasties, evidenced by many famous Northern Chinese poets and writers describing the region as "barbaric" and the language spoken in the region as unintelligible with the prestige language commonly spoken in the North. Famous Chinese writer

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However, lamb and goat are rare. There is also heavy use of seafood, due to proximity to the sea. This style of cuisine uses many cooking methods, with steaming and stir-frying being the most popular, largely due to relative convenience.

1724:'retaining the colors') – retaining the colors of the original materials, resulting in jade carvings that are very colourful yet natural. Nowadays, Canton jade carvings are frequently used in Cantonese jewelry and decorations. 1809:

spend much time choosing a pot that matches those plants. They also tend to trim their plants in such a way that the new growth from the trimmed parts will shadow the trails of trimming, resulting in the penjing looking very natural.

2126:"Rooster-selling rhythms" (Jyutping: Maai6 gai1 diu6; Traditional Chinese: 賣雞調), which are traditionally sung in rooster-worshiping rituals and said to be related to the bird-worshiping totems of Baiyue peoples; An example would be 3582:, which is shared by most Han Chinese groups. Mahayana Buddhist temples are a common sight in Lingnan, and Buddhist celebrations such as Buddha's Birthday and the Birthday of Guanyin are, traditionally, large events in the region. 3021: 4001:

According to legend, the area around today's Guangzhou was blessed by the gods to have a rich harvest. The gods were said to have left five goats behind when they went back to heaven. Now, Guangzhou has the nickname "City of the

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not preserved in other branches of modern Han Chinese cultures. Lingnan later became the Ming Empire's main contact point with Western Europeans via commerce, and thus came to include European ideas in its arts and philosophy.

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This particular style of poetry has accumulated a large number of works. Starting from the early 21st century, Cantonese people have started compiling works of past Cantonese poets in a literature called "All Cantonese Poems"

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The Hong Kong orchid is arguably the symbol of Hong Kong. It was discovered in 1880, and was identified as a new species in 1908. It became Hong Kong's official symbol in 1965 and appeared on the flag of Hong Kong after the

3952:. Since Hong Kong produced a large number of films, pop songs, and soap operas to promote Cantonese culture, Hong Kong, and by extension the Hong Kong orchid, is widely held to be the symbol of modern Cantonese culture. 1660:

as a raw material to make sculptures, with the Canton-style renowned for being particularly delicate and detailed without being brittle. The Cantonese people have also successfully produced the legendary craft product –

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Chan, P., Yi, C. Y., Yan, K. Y., & Man, L. S. CTL 4514 Project (2014–15) Preservation and promotion of Hong Kong's Canton-decorated porcelain and Evaluation of Hong Kong policies in safeguarding Intangible Cultural

1214:, described the local language as "楚越間聲音特異，鴃舌啅譟", which literally means that the language sounds strange and is unintelligible with the common language from the North. This shows that sinicization was still ongoing and 2520:

The Lingnan region has a special geographical environment different from those of other Han Chinese regions. With its subtropical temperature and high humidity, it has a tendency to have good harvests, whether in

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became the first renowned Cantonese calligrapher, that the Lingnan region got a recognized style of calligraphy. Since then, Cantonese artists have produced several notable works of calligraphy, such as:

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Chio, P. H., & Zaroff, C. M. (2014). Traditional Chinese medicinal herbal tea consumption, self-reported somatization, and alexithymia. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry,7(2), 127–134. doi:10.1111/appy.12161

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The set of musical instruments used in Cantonese opera styles and music has much overlapping with those used by other Han Chinese groups. There are, however, instruments distinctly Cantonese, with the

3284:). In this series of writings, Chan expressed his opinions of Confucius's thoughts and reinterpreted them through the lens of Mahayana Buddhism and Taoism. His style of thought has a strong theme of 1978:

characterized by (1) its tendency to make each furniture item by working on one larger piece of wood, resulting in Cantonese furniture not showing traces of being assembled; (2) taking elements from

2964:, got demoted and reassigned to Lingnan. Also well known for his love for cuisine, Sou Sik wrote a book on brewery not long after his reassignment to Lingnan, called "Su Shi's Words on Liquors" ( 2247:

using the Cantonese language – while borrowing techniques from Cantonese opera in order to be very rhythmic at that. This art form originated in the 16th century, when Cantonese imported it from

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cuisines, with garlic chives and coriander leaves being the notable exceptions. Lastly, due to the hot and humid weather of Lingnan and the traditional beliefs that soups can "remove hotness" (

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The Cantonese language, with its 1000-year-long history, has a rich heritage of poetry and literature. The people of the Lingnan region have been composing poems since the 7th century.

2507:, a writing system based on Mandarin, not Cantonese (i.e., the native language of the Lingnan region), in writing. Even in cosmopolitan Hong Kong, the vast majority of the people's 1426:

in most forms of writing. Starting from the early 20th century, however, a complete Cantonese writing system had been developed in Hong Kong and Macau that utilizes both standard

4524: 2102:, with Cantonese opera being the most prominent one. They also have many types of traditional music. All of these are primarily sung and expressed using the Cantonese language. 2387:, and others. It is almost invariably sung in Cantonese, boasting an international fanbase across Guangzhou, Guangxi, Southeast Asia, and (to a lesser extent) Korea and Japan. 4958: 5575: 2956:

variety. The brewery culture of Lingnan can be traced all the way back to the kingdom of Nanyue, who apparently possessed containers of liquors. In the late 11th century,

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Pan, Yuanyuan; Xunan, Yang; Chen, Xingjuan; Xu, Meiying; Sun, Guoping (January 2017). "The right mud: Studies in the mud-coating technique of Gambiered Guangdong silk".

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Cheng, Y. H., & Huang, P. Y. (2008). A Review of the Research on the Culture of Cantonese Merchants . Journal of Guangdong University of Business Studies, 3, 013.

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do. Hong Kong, for its part, has experienced many cultural and economic exchanges with other East Asian nations. This, in turn, made Hong Kong absorb the cultures of

3131: 1861: 2651: 4794: 1271:, developed quickly in every aspect. The city's high level of development drew the envy of many people in the Lingnan region. Many of them have been watching the 4240:

Wee, J. T., Ha, T. C., Loong, S. L., & Qian, C. N. (2010). Is nasopharyngeal cancer really a" Cantonese cancer"?. Chinese journal of cancer, 29(5), 517–526.

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Cantonese people have a long tradition of doing commerce with the outside world, including Western Europeans, starting from the 15th century, which resulted in

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cultures and incorporated European elements into their own cultural artifacts. It was by that time that the Lingnan culture largely attained its current form.

598: 3274:) is the most prominent of schools of Neo-Confucian thought in Lingnan. It was started by a group of Cantonese Confucian scholars in the 15th century, led by 1494:, and (5) be built using materials resistant to moulds and moisture. The last point is obviously related to the hot and humid subtropical climate of Lingnan. 623: 603: 2609: 4697:

Pan, Ming-Hai; Zhu, Si-Rui; Duan, Wen-Jun; Ma, Xiao-Hui; Luo, Xiang; Liu, Bo; Kurihara, Hiroshi; Li, Yi-Fang; Chen, Jia-Xu; He, Rong-Rong (25 March 2020).

3068: 1357:. For instance, unlike most other Chinese languages, Cantonese often put an adjective behind the noun it is describing. In Cantonese, the word for "hen" ( 5133: 5123: 1558: 3327:

Cantonese people also have a distinct set of traditional celebrations. Many of these celebrations are shared by other Han Chinese groups and even other

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Croizier, R. C. (1988). Art and Revolution in Modern China: the Lingnan (Cantonese) school of painting, 1906–1951 (Vol. 29). Univ of California Press.

3292:. It also appeared to have been influenced by Western styles of thought in its belief in more rational ways of thinking than older Confucian thought. 2862:

In major cities in Lingnan, such as Guangzhou and Hong Kong, culinary schools usually offer courses specifically to train the preparation of dim sum.

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architecture tends to (1) use pale colors such as green and white, (2) avoid circular or cylindrical structures, (3) have many open structures like

3033: 2139:"Cantonese rhymes" (Jyutping: Jyut6 diu1; Traditional Chinese: 粵調), which consist of various subtypes based on pitches and rhythms and include the 1185:. Later, between the 10th and 13th century, there was a large influx of Han Chinese migrants from the north, which was at that time invaded by the 3027:

Cantonese often run seafood restaurants by the sea, using fish tanks such as those pictured to keep the seafood. It is a common sight in Lingnan.

1211: 3116: 1222:(12th to 13th centuries). From the 15th to 18th century, Lingnan (especially the area around Guangzhou) served as one of the main ports for the 5181: 3895:"wood cotton flower") is a species of flower common in Lingnan, and is considered to symbolize Cantonese culture. It was said that in 200 BCE, 3671:, and the Cantonese are no exception. The Cantonese have a distinct set of Taoist deities. Cantonese people are, traditionally, worshippers of 4627: 2469:

being the most prominent. Many of his works require Cantonese characters (characters specifically invented to write Cantonese) to write down.

2173:. Due to influence from Western opera, Cantonese opera had also started adopting European instruments starting from the 19th century, such as 2789: 2459: 1120:

More typically, is only used in referring to Cantonese culture, the historically dominant culturo-linguistic force in Guangdong and Guangxi.

1065:, Lingnan/Cantonese culture has become an influential cultural force in the international community, and forms the basis of the cultures of 5645: 4795:"The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region Report on Measures to Protect and Promote the Diversity of Cultural Expressions" 3189:

pragmatic style focused on striking. Kung fu schools invented and primarily practiced by Cantonese people include, but are not limited to:

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is a representative example of classical Lingnan architecture. The temple was built in the late 19th century and served as an academy for

1857: 1837: 1010: 3053: 2454:(grammatically), rather than the people's spoken language. However, poets in the region had started composing poems using grammatically 1218:

local tribes were still prevalent in the region. The large scale of sinicization of the Lingnan region was largely complete by the late

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Lingnan, papers tend to decay very quickly, resulting in few such works having been preserved. It was not until the 15th century, when

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Cantonese opera also uses a different set of musical instruments. Some of these are used also in other oriental opera styles, such as

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of the world, it originated in the late 13th century and is a stage art that combines acrobatics, singing, martial arts, and acting.

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with Cantonese origins. The former is still being produced by Cantonese, while the latter is more associated with Taiwan these days.

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produced by Hong Kong, resulting in the city having significant cultural influence in the region. For instance, many Cantonese from

1246:, Cantonese people have often dominated Han Chinese immigration to the Western world, resulting in Cantonese historically being the 5552: 4763: 4302:

Chen, M., & Newman, J. (1984). From Middle Chinese to Modern Cantonese (Part 1). Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 12(1), 148–97.

2944:". Choices of types of tong sui vary depending on the season: hot black sesame soup, for instance, tends to be favored in winter. 1074: 4662:

Snow, D. (2004). Cantonese as written language: The growth of a written Chinese vernacular (Vol. 1). Hong Kong University Press.

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Chen, M. Y., & Newman, J. (1985). From Middle Chinese to Modern Cantonese (Part 3). Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 122–170.

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Chen, M. Y., & Newman, J. (1984). From Middle Chinese to Modern Cantonese (Part 2). Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 334–388.

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described the local population as "小吏十餘家,皆鳥言夷面", which literally means " a bird language and barbarian faces". Another writer,

102: 2690: 2447:), renowned for preserving pronunciations from the Middle Chinese language and composing poems with imagery unique to Lingnan. 2288:

Stylistically, it is said to be marked by being loud, lively, and upbeat. Some pieces have seen influences from Western music (

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In 200 BCE, Guangdong and Guangxi, alongside the land now known as Northern Vietnam, was controlled by the kingdom of

3774: 3654: 1140:, before 200 BCE; At that time, the Lingnan region was the territory of the Baiyue peoples, who were later sinicized. 121: 4762:

Huang, T. M., & Woo, C. (2013). Cooling China’s Body: Herbal Cooling Tea and. Retrieved February 21, 2019, from

3756: 3636: 2136:"North Canton folk songs" (Jyutping: Jyut6 bak1 man4 go1; Traditional Chinese: 粵北民歌), popular in northern Guangdong; 4541:

Hom, M. K. (1992). Songs of Gold Mountain: Cantonese Rhymes from San Francisco Chinatown. Univ of California Press.

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era between the 10th to 13th centuries, the language slowly sinicized and evolved into modern standard Cantonese.

5189: 5070: 2994:) are four fruits locally planted in Lingnan and are frequently used in Cantonese cuisine and desserts. They are 2239:, literally "to talk about the past") is a popular folk art in Lingnan. It involves artists telling stories from 1003: 17: 4604: 4346: 1868:

In the 21st century, the Cantonese people have begun to study the Lingnan style of calligraphy in greater depth.

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originated in the 16th century. At that time, the Cantonese people in Guangzhou imported white porcelains from

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Nowadays, rice wines produced in Lingnan are sold across China and other Asian countries, with Yuk Bing Siu (

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In a purely geographical sense, the term includes not only Cantonese culture but also the cultures of the

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stages where one talks about books) in certain parks and inviting artists to do Gonggu on radio shows.

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Xia, L. I. (2009). Review of Research on Chen Bai-sha . Journal of Guangzhou City Polytechnic, 4, 008.

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are regional (if not international) commercial centers. Hong Kong, for instance, scored 748 in 2016's

2133:"Kerria songs" (Jyutping: Gou1 tong4 go1; Traditional Chinese: 高棠歌), which are often sung in weddings; 2115:"Saltwater songs" (Jyutping: Haam4 seoi2 go1; Traditional Chinese: 鹹水歌), which are popular around the 1124:

This article uses the second definition of "Lingnan culture" – as the synonym of "Cantonese culture".

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Compared to worshipping Confucius, Cantonese are traditionally more inclined towards worshipping the

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An ivory ball on display at the German Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum. It has 16 layers, which can spin.

1532:) is a style of architecture prevalent in the Lingnan region (as well as in some other areas by the 5836: 5374: 4631: 4446: 4250:

Doan, Thien Thuat; Nguyen, Khanh Ha; Pham, Nhu Quynh; Truong dai hoc tong hop Ha Noi, eds. (2001).

4065: 3737: 3617: 2504: 2057: 1422:, Cantonese traditionally preferred not to write their own language verbatim and instead relied on 906: 4447:

The Fading Folk Memory ------ Cantonese Embroidery, Cantonese Enamel & Guangdong Ivory Carving

2982:"jade, ice, and burn"), one of the "Ten Great Liquors of Guangdong", being particularly renowned. 2363:

Canto-pop, also called HK-pop, is a genre of Cantonese music made primarily in Hong Kong. It is a

2273:

Partly as a result of this, Cantonese people have accumulated a considerable amount of folktales.

1656:) is another well-known product from Lingnan. With a history of 2000 years, it traditionally uses 5780: 5538: 5304: 3741: 3621: 2282: 1903: 1638: 668: 48: 4764:

http://www.concentric-literature.url.tw/issues/Contested_Modernity_Place_Space_and_Culture/7.pdf

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It has been noted that Cantonese culture is traditionally marked by a "culture of distance from

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sect of Mahayana Buddhism originated in Lingnan and once spread across much of China during the

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Traditionally, the Lingnan region is dominated by two religions – Mahayana Buddhism and Taoism.

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The Gou Wu is a Cantonese musical instrument, and is commonly used in Cantonese opera and music.

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Yung, B. (1989). Cantonese opera: performance as creative process. Cambridge University Press.

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in particular): they use syncopation and triple time, and incorporate instruments such as the

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Hao, X. I. E. (2010). Possibility of Lingnan Architectural Design . Interior Design, 1, 014.

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has a giant statue of the Hong Kong orchid and is one of the major landmarks of Hong Kong.

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Cantonese opera is the style of opera associated with the Cantonese language. Listed as an

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Teochew woodcarving is a distinctive style of woodcarving that originated from the city of

1733: 1449: 1443: 1066: 791: 555: 4219: 3675:, a Taoist god of healing. They are also strongly inclined to worship sea deities such as 3278:. Chan's writings have now been compiled in a document titled "Chan Bak-sa's Collection" ( 1392:

will rhyme better if recited in Cantonese. However, Cantonese lost all voiced consonants (

8: 5440: 5369: 5359: 5339: 5269: 4081: 4071: 3808: 3402: 3344: 2816: 2407: 2244: 2014: 1759: 1478: 1300: 1276: 899: 825: 810: 683: 608: 511: 4501: 2437:, one of the most prolific poets of the Tang Empire, was born and raised in what is now 1630:. In some, visual art styles invented primarily by the Cantonese include the following: 1181:

didn't occur until the 6th to 7th century CE, at which point the region was held by the

5653: 5506: 5289: 5128: 5042: 4736: 4699:""Shanghuo" increases disease susceptibility: Modern significance of an old TCM theory" 4435: 4170: 4086: 2696: 2561: 2464: 2077: 2005:

invented primarily by Cantonese artists. It originated in the 19th century, founded by

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for writing, rather than the peoples' spoken languages. Despite the attempt to create

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has many overseas Chinese of Cantonese ancestry. In this picture, they are doing

3170: 2549: 2157: 1781: 1533: 1354: 1191: 1046:, the names of which mean "eastern expanse" and "western expanse", respectively. 1031: 845: 840: 735: 663: 613: 4382: 3913: 1177:

and came under Han Chinese control at around year 100 BCE. However, large-scale

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a result, it is called the best of all the clan buildings in the neighborhood.

1506: 1419: 1379:", meaning "female (in a non-human sense)", thus resulting in a compound word. 1280: 1268: 1094: 633: 573: 4715: 4698: 4266: 4251: 4068:, a legend about how Guangzhou, the cultural capital of Cantonese, originated. 3981:

The sampan is a type of flat-bottom boat frequently seen in the shores of the

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Like much of East Asia, most of Lingnan's medieval literature was composed in

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A musician playing the Cheon Kum, a musical instrument in Cantonese music, in

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The lotus is the symbol of Macau. It appeared on the flag of Macau after the

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typically involve a lot of seafood. The one pictured, for instance, includes

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Rice wine can be consumed directly, or can be used as a cooking ingredient .

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Traditionally, the Lingnan region's sole dominant language is Cantonese, the

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Leisure and Cultural Service Department (Hong Kong) – Guangdong music series

4249: 1459: 5435: 5399: 5384: 5364: 5349: 4732: 4187:("Leunggwong" in Cantonese), the collective term for Guangdong and Guangxi. 4015: 3986: 3860: 3788: 3672: 3575: 3536: 3249: 3122: 2557: 1347: 1343: 1284: 1239: 1223: 1198: 1182: 1178: 1110: 1090: 929: 885: 865: 578: 394: 292: 190: 5597: 2903:

cool tea) is a kind of infusion made from traditional medicinal herbs. In

1677: 5711: 5673: 5602: 5592: 5227: 5140: 4457: 4424: 3275: 3208: 3059: 2961: 2593:

is a cuisine among common people in Lingnan. It refers to a set of clear

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Lingnan is also known for producing some notable liquors, mostly of the

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On the other hand, since the early 20th century, Hong Kong, then under

1150: 1114: 870: 536: 4829: 3252:. Since the 12th century, there has been a steady stream of Cantonese 2842:

foods, the diners still tend to stay for half an hour or so chatting.

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is a popular weapon among practitioners of Cantonese kung fu schools.

3095: 3003: 2953: 2915: 2756: 2364: 2358: 2293: 2069: 1906:, is typically cited as a representative example of Canton porcelain. 1623: 1611: 1502: 1491: 1251: 1102: 1054: 1039: 977: 962: 911: 767: 720: 498: 408: 306: 204: 4777:"How 'heaty' and 'cooling' made it to the Oxford English Dictionary" 3726: 3606: 37: 5785: 5754: 5477: 5430: 5254: 5150: 5086: 4988: 4525:"Analysis of Two Chinese Canton Silks: Jiāo-chou and Xiang-yun-shā" 3973: 3896: 3882: 3827: 3543: 3285: 3203: 3198: 3107: 3040: 2931: 2909: 2890: 2834: 2675: 2636: 2438: 2002: 1795: 1765: 1709: 1627: 1519: 1463:

The Chan Clan Temple, an example of classical Lingnan architecture.

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Strictly speaking, the term "Lingnan culture" has two definitions:

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Cantonese since the 19th century, with the work of Cantonese poet

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has origins in Cantonese culture as well, in Guangdong province.

2037: 1979: 1805: 1549: 1483: 1215: 1186: 1043: 1035: 972: 820: 762: 757: 715: 705: 658: 563: 3300: 2811: 1626:, among many others. They have also produced several schools of 5759: 5450: 4982:

Behrendt, S. (2010). Guangzhou. Northwest Review, 48(2), 80–82.

3968: 3839: 3823: 3683:– reflecting the Cantonese tradition of doing trades overseas. 3668: 3571: 3091: 3007: 2999: 2995: 2957: 2403: 2376: 2349:

are other musical instruments associated with Cantonese music.

2339: 2328: 2297: 2174: 2052: 1983: 1589: 1487: 1296: 1207: 1170: 1156: 967: 944: 5309: 5098: 4851: 3997: 3667:

All Han Chinese groups traditionally adhere to some forms of

3103: 2684:) is a popular meal, with many variants in Cantonese cuisine. 2624:), shared by most Han Chinese groups, is common in breakfast. 2594: 2317: 2087: 1657: 1292: 1288: 1254:. They also helped establish the Chinese term for Chinatown: 1132: 1058: 982: 673: 3713:

are harder to find in Lingnan than Buddhist or Taoist ones.

2741:), considered one of the finest dishes in Cantonese cuisine. 1848:

Picture of Various Southern Gentlemen Coming to Say Farewell

4575: 3099: 2645:), another popular breakfast dish, is distinctly Cantonese. 2483:), which has spanned 30 volumes and is yet to be finished. 2368: 2289: 1696: 1619: 875: 2308: 2251:

and several Cantonese artists learnt from the then famous

2574:), Cantonese cuisine tends to make liberal use of soups. 1754:

Teochew woodcarving products are frequently painted gold.

1681:

A jade ware unearthed from the tomb of the king of Nanyue

434: 420: 332: 318: 230: 216: 1382:

Cantonese has largely inherited all six syllable codas (

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The portrait of Chan Bak-sa ("Chen Baisha" in Mandarin)

2491:

Like the rest of East Asia, Lingnan traditionally used

2410:

are particularly prominent. This style of cinema has a

2009:

and several of his associates. This style combined the

2960:, one of the prominent poets and then minister of the 4253:

A concise Vietnamese grammar: for non-native speakers

3686: 1588:

Lingnan garden, or Cantonese garden, is the style of

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write using Traditional Chinese characters, like the

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Bangzi, a musical instrument used in Cantonese opera

1902:"Vase with floral scroll design", on display at the 4329:〈粵語中的百越語成分問題〉李敬忠著刋載於《學術論壇（雙月刊）》 1991年第5期第65–72頁 3256:thinkers, resulting in several schools of thought. 3140:

are popularly believed to be beneficial for health.

62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3413: 2486: 2086:Cantonese people are involved in several types of 1404:) have evolved significantly from middle Chinese. 2968:), which became Lingnan's first book on brewery. 1398:) from middle Chinese and its prenuclear glides ( 27:Culture of Guangdong and Guanxi in Southern China 5850: 4854:Inside Kungfu: Chinese Martial Arts Encyclopedia 4529:Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings 2327:being the most representative. Aside from this, 2499:forms of writing in the late 19th century, the 1812: 1738:Cantonese embroidery is the Cantonese style of 1454: 1353:Cantonese has retained certain features of the 1303:has many usages and vocabularies borrowed from 1238:With Guangzhou being a major port for both the 4487: 2874:A leung cha shop in Stanley Street, Hong Kong. 2143:tradition. An example of Cantonese rhythms is 1144: 5546: 5004: 3838:, ranking fourth in the world and just below 3799:variants) gaining a foothold in the region. 3515: 3338: 3279: 3185:, are now popular topics of Cantonese films. 2796: 2778: 2760: 2736: 2715: 2679: 2658: 2640: 2619: 2442: 2001:The Lingnan School is a distinctive style of 1990: 1851: 1831: 1399: 1393: 1388:) from Middle Chinese, which means that most 1383: 1374: 1368: 1127: 1004: 369: 355: 267: 253: 165: 151: 4696: 3892: 3755:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3706: 3635:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3360: 3295: 3259: 3044: 2979: 2900: 2267: 1719: 1233: 5553: 5539: 5011: 4997: 4961:. Long Finance. March 2016. Archived from 4939:刘益. (1997). 岭南文化的特点及其形成的地理因素. 人文地理, 1, 46. 1310: 1197:Sinicization was still ongoing during the 1169:), inhabited primarily by the non-Chinese 1011: 997: 4714: 3775:Learn how and when to remove this message 3655:Learn how and when to remove this message 2402:reasons. Their genres may vary, although 1486:, (4) be decorated with large numbers of 1173:. The kingdom was later conquered by the 122:Learn how and when to remove this message 3996: 3972: 3938: 3912: 3887: 3864: 3701: 3507: 3494: 3481: 3468: 3455: 3442: 3425: 3308: 3299: 3270: 3233: 3165: 3125:is also a delicacy in Cantonese cuisine. 2895: 2869: 2810: 2570: 2479: 2307: 2262: 2235: 2063: 2051: 1973:Chinese furniture § Four categories 1957: 1897: 1828:Picture Poem of Farewell to Yun Sung-wun 1800: 1749: 1714: 1691: 1676: 1652: 1637: 1573: 1473: 1458: 1363: 1260: 1165: 1131: 4959:"The Global Financial Centres Index 19" 3802: 3062:are commonly used in Cantonese cuisine. 2657:Congee with lean pork and century egg ( 1727: 1633: 1319: 14: 5851: 4852:Sensei/Renshi Nathan Chlumsky (2015). 4845: 4256:. Hanoi, Vietnam: The Gioi Publishers. 2303: 1966: 1745: 1672: 1601:The Nanyue people were already making 1564:Tong laus are everywhere in Hong Kong. 5534: 4992: 3525:(1st and 15th day of any lunar month) 5831: 5513: 5018: 4092: 3854: 3753:adding citations to reliable sources 3720: 3633:adding citations to reliable sources 3600: 3565: 3248:Lingnan also has its own schools of 3192: 2990:"The Four Great Fruits of Lingnan" ( 2532: 2201:Headdresses used in Cantonese opera 1077:borrowed many terms from Cantonese. 60:adding citations to reliable sources 31: 4774: 4522: 4201:Stone dogs in the Leizhou Peninsula 4196:Lingnan University (disambiguation) 4119: 3928: 3849: 2720:) is a staple in Cantonese cuisine. 1893: 1226:. Cantonese people were exposed to 24: 5560: 3687:Culture of distance from Confucius 3553:(24th day of the 11th lunar month) 2276: 2151: 2047: 1775: 25: 5870: 4921:陳獻章. (1987). 陳獻章集 (Vol. 1). 中華書局. 4595:谭达先, 徐佩筠 (1980). 廣東民間故事. 香港世界出版社. 3977:Guangzhou's sampan-filled harbour 3532:(23rd day of the 3rd lunar month) 2068:A Cantonese opera performance in 1569: 1407: 1105:, and non-Han groups such as the 5830: 5819: 5818: 5512: 5501: 5500: 4050: 4036: 4022: 4008: 3725: 3605: 3593:dynasty (10th to 12th century). 3539:(3rd day of the 3rd lunar month) 3145: 3130: 3115: 3083: 3067: 3052: 3032: 3020: 2788: 2770: 2746: 2725: 2704: 2689: 2668: 2650: 2629: 2608: 2548:to use fresh herbs, contrary to 2206: 2194: 2182: 1949: 1940: 1931: 1881: 1557: 1541: 36: 4976: 4951: 4942: 4933: 4924: 4915: 4906: 4895: 4870: 4834: 4823: 4812: 4787: 4768: 4756: 4747: 4690: 4665: 4656: 4645: 4620: 4609: 4598: 4589: 4564: 4555: 4544: 4535: 4516: 4481: 4472: 4462: 4451: 4440: 4429: 4418: 4407: 4396: 4371: 4362: 4351: 4340: 3414:Cantonese-specific celebrations 3161: 2515: 2487:Vernacular Cantonese literature 2367:subgenre, with influences from 2189:A female Cantonese opera singer 2017:, also with the influence from 1603:a lot of pottery and sculptures 1437: 1075:English words of Chinese origin 653: 435: 421: 333: 319: 231: 217: 47:needs additional citations for 4523:Lin, ShuHwa (1 January 2008). 4323: 4314: 4305: 4296: 4271: 4260: 4243: 4234: 4213: 3902: 3878: 3836:Global Financial Centres Index 3696: 3502: 3489: 3476: 3463: 3450: 3437: 3420: 3265: 3075: 2991: 2975: 2965: 2922:practice in China since 2006. 2886: 2806: 2577: 2565: 2474: 2257: 2230: 2013:shared by all Han Chinese and 1791: 1705: 1686: 1647: 1596: 1529: 1468: 1358: 1255: 1160: 1080: 400: 370: 356: 298: 268: 254: 196: 166: 152: 13: 1: 4775:Lim, Lisa (2 February 2017). 4206: 4104:Cantonese pre-wedding customs 3321:their own style of lion dance 3229: 2907:, leung cha is used to treat 2663:) is also a breakfast staple. 2417: 2105: 481:Cantonese people in Hong Kong 4703:Journal of Ethnopharmacology 3557: 3179:their own schools of kung fu 2920:intangible cultural heritage 2905:traditional Chinese medicine 2865: 2164:intangible cultural heritage 1813:Lingnan style of calligraphy 1695:) is the Cantonese style of 1455:Classic Lingnan architecture 1367:) is made up of two words: " 7: 4930:洗宗. (1989). 《雲門宗》簡介. 嶺南文史. 4347:為什麼有時候普通話讀詩詞不押韻，而用粵語讀卻很有味道？ 4178: 3992: 3716: 3580:Mahayana branch of Buddhism 3419:Guangdong Festival of Joy ( 3177:Cantonese people also have 3154:their own style of mooncake 2925: 2602:Dishes in Cantonese cuisine 1513: 1373:", meaning "chicken", and " 1145:From Nanyue to Sinicization 10: 5875: 5697:Zhuang customs and culture 5664:Guangxi Medical University 4510:10.1016/j.clay.2016.09.024 3966: 3932: 3906: 3858: 3806: 3546:(8th day of the 4th month) 3516:Birthdays of local deities 3475:Guangzhou Lotus Festival ( 3339:Cantonese New Year customs 3264:Lingnan scholarly school ( 3241: 3013: 2947: 2929: 2849: 2845: 2822: 2801:) is a common lou fo tong. 2795:Pig Lung and Almond Soup ( 2765:) is popular in Hong Kong. 2699:with sweet and sour sauce. 2581: 2536: 2426: 2394: 2356: 2280: 2222: 2155: 2075: 1994: 1991:Lingnan school of painting 1970: 1909: 1779: 1757: 1731: 1646:Canton ivory woodcarving ( 1581: 1578:The pond of Yuyum Sanfong. 1517: 1447: 1441: 1434:, and became popularized. 1411: 1323: 1244:People's Republic of China 1148: 1128:Brief history and overview 1117:within the Lingnan region. 1049:With the migration of the 5814: 5791:Jingjiang Princes' Palace 5773: 5742: 5672: 5659:Guangxi Normal University 5644: 5611: 5583: 5569: 5496: 5408: 5203: 5180: 5069: 5041: 5027: 4800:. UNESCO. 2013. p. 6 4716:10.1016/j.jep.2019.112491 4077:Eight Sights of Guangzhou 3962: 3596: 3280: 2985: 2797: 2779: 2761: 2737: 2716: 2680: 2659: 2641: 2620: 2503:area still tended to use 2443: 2422: 2390: 2218: 2024: 1873:Calligraphy of Gou Gim-fu 1852: 1832: 1770:Min branch of Han Chinese 1400: 1394: 1384: 1375: 1369: 1030:, refers to the regional 446: 428: 414: 407: 393: 386: 381: 377: 363: 349: 344: 326: 312: 305: 291: 284: 279: 275: 261: 247: 242: 224: 210: 203: 189: 182: 177: 173: 159: 145: 141: 136: 5375:The Legend of Five Goats 4781:South China Morning Post 4673:"啟蒙與革命－鄭貫公、黃世仲等人的粵語寫作" 4066:The Legend of Five Goats 3372:First Full Moon Festival 3361:Han Chinese celebrations 3296:Traditional celebrations 3260:Lingnan scholarly school 2505:standard written Chinese 2058:Chinatown, San Francisco 1477:) is the characteristic 1269:British colonial control 1234:From 19th century onward 907:The Legend of Five Goats 455:This article is part of 351:Traditional Chinese 249:Traditional Chinese 147:Traditional Chinese 5781:Longsheng Rice Terraces 3462:Self-selling Festival ( 2283:Guangdong music (genre) 1904:Hong Kong Museum of Art 1862:Guangzhou Museum of Art 1311:Overall characteristics 365:Simplified Chinese 263:Simplified Chinese 161:Simplified Chinese 4819:廣東最大酒文化博物館揭牌豐富嶺南酒文化內涵 4003: 3978: 3957:Golden Bauhinia Square 3944: 3918: 3870: 3501:Flying Colors Parade ( 3426:gwong dung fun lok zit 3345:New Year flower market 3324: 3306: 3239: 3174: 3047:"roasted delicacies"). 2875: 2820: 2352: 2313: 2263:Jyutping: syut syu toi 2073: 2061: 1963: 1907: 1801:ling5 naam5 pun4 ging2 1755: 1682: 1643: 1579: 1548:A row of tong laus in 1467:Lingnan architecture ( 1464: 1295:, and to some extent, 1141: 1138:ancient kingdom of Yue 804:Customs and traditions 5801:Ban Gioc–Detian Falls 5717:Southwestern Mandarin 5692:Cantonese nationalism 5320:Cantonese nationalism 5164:and the Vereker Banks 4878:"武俠小說《武壇二虎》自序裡的廣東十虎" 4403:張民輝：「以骨代牙」廣州牙雕的輝煌與傳承 4000: 3985:, used by Cantonese, 3976: 3942: 3916: 3868: 3482:joeng sing ho faa zit 3408:Double Ninth Festival 3312: 3303: 3237: 3169: 3074:Bean curd tong sui. ( 2873: 2814: 2311: 2067: 2055: 1961: 1901: 1753: 1685:Canton jade carving ( 1680: 1641: 1577: 1462: 1220:Southern Song dynasty 1151:Baiyue § Culture 1149:Further information: 1135: 1061:, as well as in many 826:Commercial traditions 811:New Year flowermarket 486:Punti–Hakka Clan Wars 5707:Varieties of Chinese 5456:Cantonese fried rice 5436:Roasted suckling pig 5345:Cantonese lion dance 5335:Lingnan Confucianism 5265:Cantonese embroidery 5250:Lingnan architecture 5223:Varieties of Chinese 4490:Applied Clay Science 4134:Culture of Hong Kong 3803:Commercial tradition 3749:improve this section 3629:improve this section 3387:Dragon Boat Festival 3350:Cantonese lion dance 3244:Lingnan Confucianism 3152:Cantonese also have 3039:Cantonese also like 1734:Cantonese embroidery 1728:Cantonese embroidery 1634:Canton ivory carving 1450:Chinese architecture 1444:Lingnan architecture 1320:Traditional language 1063:overseas communities 1038:: twin provinces of 792:Lingnan Confucianism 56:improve this article 5774:Visitor attractions 5370:Cantonese folktales 5360:Cantonese merchants 5270:Teochew woodcarving 5190:Guangzhou Education 5083:Metropolitan areas 4502:2017ApCS..135..516P 4458:「墨舞廣州」好評如潮嶺南詩書風骨浪漫 4425:非遺｜廣州玉雕，一種讓玉石煥彩生輝技藝 4279:"嶺南文化的特點：集歷史與地理的特色" 4082:Cantonese Knowledge 4072:Cantonese folktales 3873:Red cotton flower ( 3809:Cantonese merchants 3403:Mid-Autumn Festival 2817:Hong Kong City Hall 2509:works of literature 2408:martial arts movies 2304:Musical instruments 2015:watercolor painting 1967:Cantonese furniture 1760:Teochew woodcarving 1746:Teochew woodcarving 1673:Canton jade carving 1479:architectural style 1301:Hong Kong Cantonese 831:Pre-wedding customs 684:Cinema of Hong Kong 609:Teochew woodcarving 334:Ling5naam4 man4faa3 71:"Cantonese culture" 5654:Guangxi University 5195:Shenzhen Education 4225:2017-08-09 at the 4171:Taishanese culture 4087:CCTV Nanhai Studio 4004: 3979: 3945: 3919: 3871: 3325: 3307: 3271:ling naam hok paai 3240: 3175: 2876: 2821: 2697:Deep-fried chicken 2314: 2245:Cantonese folklore 2078:Music of Guangdong 2074: 2062: 1964: 1908: 1804:) is the style of 1756: 1683: 1653:gwong zau ngaa diu 1644: 1580: 1465: 1428:Chinese characters 1326:Cantonese language 1142: 1136:A statue from the 669:Instrumental music 634:School of painting 436:Gwong2fu2 man4faa3 5859:Cantonese culture 5846: 5845: 5750:Cantonese cuisine 5682:Cantonese culture 5626:Nanling Mountains 5528: 5527: 5446:Seafood birdsnest 5416:Cantonese cuisine 5365:Red cotton flower 5156:Nanling Mountains 5119:Pearl River Delta 5111:Leizhou Peninsula 5092:Pearl River Delta 4863:978-13-2911-942-0 4130:Lingnan culture: 4109:Cantonese wedding 4093:Cantonese customs 3935:Bauhinia blakeana 3869:Red cotton flower 3855:Red cotton flower 3785: 3784: 3777: 3711:Confucius Temples 3665: 3664: 3657: 3566:Mahayana Buddhism 3382:Qingming Festival 3377:Buddha's Birthday 3193:Guangdong schools 3138:Bird's nest soups 2777:Roasted pigeons ( 2733:White cut chicken 2539:Cantonese cuisine 2533:Cantonese cuisine 2493:classical Chinese 2452:classical Chinese 2117:Pearl River Delta 2096:Tea-picking opera 2011:ink wash painting 1786:Lingnan penjing ( 1722: 1692:gwong zau juk diu 1474:Ling naam gin zuk 1432:native characters 1424:classical Chinese 1414:Written Cantonese 1034:of the region of 1024:Cantonese culture 1021: 1020: 930:Red cotton flower 522:Yale Romanization 465:Cantonese culture 450: 449: 442: 441: 416:Yale Romanization 388:Standard Mandarin 340: 339: 320:Líhngnàahm màhnfa 314:Yale Romanization 286:Standard Mandarin 238: 237: 212:Yale Romanization 184:Standard Mandarin 137:Cantonese culture 132: 131: 124: 106: 16:(Redirected from 5866: 5834: 5833: 5822: 5821: 5734:Mienic languages 5729:Zhuang languages 5687:Cantonese people 5555: 5548: 5541: 5532: 5531: 5516: 5515: 5504: 5503: 5441:Bird's nest soup 5315:Cantonese poetry 5280:Canton porcelain 5218:Cantonese people 5013: 5006: 4999: 4990: 4989: 4983: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4970: 4955: 4949: 4946: 4940: 4937: 4931: 4928: 4922: 4919: 4913: 4910: 4904: 4899: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4889: 4880:. Archived from 4874: 4868: 4867: 4849: 4843: 4838: 4832: 4827: 4821: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4799: 4791: 4785: 4784: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4751: 4745: 4744: 4718: 4694: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4684: 4675:. Archived from 4669: 4663: 4660: 4654: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4639: 4630:. Archived from 4624: 4618: 4613: 4607: 4602: 4596: 4593: 4587: 4586: 4584: 4583: 4574:. Archived from 4572:"細數廣東最出名的10大講古佬" 4568: 4562: 4559: 4553: 4548: 4542: 4539: 4533: 4532: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4485: 4479: 4476: 4470: 4466: 4460: 4455: 4449: 4444: 4438: 4433: 4427: 4422: 4416: 4411: 4405: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4390: 4381:. Archived from 4379:"岭南园林的营造手法与艺术特色" 4375: 4369: 4366: 4360: 4355: 4349: 4344: 4338: 4327: 4321: 4318: 4312: 4309: 4303: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4290: 4281:. Archived from 4275: 4269: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4247: 4241: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4217: 4139:Culture of Macau 4120:Related cultures 4060: 4055: 4054: 4046: 4044:Hong Kong portal 4041: 4040: 4039: 4032: 4027: 4026: 4025: 4018: 4013: 4012: 4011: 3943:Hong Kong orchid 3929:Hong Kong orchid 3909:Nelumbo nucifera 3894: 3889: 3880: 3850:Cultural symbols 3816:Canton Factories 3780: 3773: 3769: 3766: 3760: 3729: 3721: 3708: 3703: 3702:jyun jyu man faa 3698: 3660: 3653: 3649: 3646: 3640: 3609: 3601: 3509: 3508:piu sik ceon jau 3504: 3496: 3491: 3483: 3478: 3470: 3465: 3457: 3456:fat saan cau sik 3452: 3444: 3443:gwong fu miu wui 3439: 3427: 3422: 3283: 3282: 3272: 3267: 3149: 3134: 3119: 3090:Cantonese-style 3087: 3077: 3071: 3056: 3046: 3036: 3024: 2993: 2981: 2977: 2967: 2902: 2897: 2888: 2815:Yum cha hour in 2800: 2799: 2792: 2782: 2781: 2774: 2764: 2763: 2750: 2740: 2739: 2729: 2719: 2718: 2708: 2693: 2683: 2682: 2672: 2662: 2661: 2654: 2644: 2643: 2633: 2623: 2622: 2612: 2572: 2567: 2481: 2476: 2468: 2446: 2445: 2429:Cantonese poetry 2397:Hong Kong cinema 2381:electronic music 2269: 2264: 2259: 2241:Chinese classics 2237: 2232: 2210: 2198: 2186: 2082:Music of Guangxi 2042:Xiangyunsha silk 1953: 1944: 1935: 1912:Canton porcelain 1894:Canton porcelain 1885: 1855: 1854: 1835: 1834: 1802: 1793: 1723: 1720: 1716: 1707: 1693: 1688: 1654: 1649: 1561: 1545: 1531: 1499:Chan Clan Temple 1475: 1470: 1418:In terms of its 1403: 1402: 1397: 1396: 1387: 1386: 1378: 1377: 1372: 1371: 1365: 1360: 1336:prestige dialect 1299:. For instance, 1262: 1257: 1250:in most Western 1228:Western European 1167: 1162: 1051:Cantonese people 1013: 1006: 999: 935:Hong Kong orchid 924:Cultural symbols 452: 451: 438: 437: 424: 423: 403: 402: 379: 378: 373: 372: 359: 358: 336: 335: 322: 321: 301: 300: 277: 276: 271: 270: 257: 256: 234: 233: 220: 219: 199: 198: 175: 174: 169: 168: 155: 154: 134: 133: 127: 120: 116: 113: 107: 105: 64: 40: 32: 21: 5874: 5873: 5869: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5864: 5863: 5849: 5848: 5847: 5842: 5810: 5796:Yangshuo County 5769: 5738: 5668: 5640: 5636:Kitten Mountain 5607: 5579: 5565: 5559: 5529: 5524: 5492: 5488:Teochew cuisine 5404: 5380:Villain hitting 5305:Guangdong music 5295:Cantonese opera 5275:Lingnan penjing 5213:Lingnan culture 5199: 5176: 5065: 5037: 5023: 5017: 4987: 4986: 4981: 4977: 4968: 4966: 4957: 4956: 4952: 4947: 4943: 4938: 4934: 4929: 4925: 4920: 4916: 4911: 4907: 4902:岭南南派武术技术特征的文化研究 4900: 4896: 4887: 4885: 4876: 4875: 4871: 4864: 4850: 4846: 4839: 4835: 4828: 4824: 4817: 4813: 4803: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4792: 4788: 4773: 4769: 4761: 4757: 4752: 4748: 4695: 4691: 4682: 4680: 4671: 4670: 4666: 4661: 4657: 4650: 4646: 4637: 4635: 4626: 4625: 4621: 4614: 4610: 4603: 4599: 4594: 4590: 4581: 4579: 4570: 4569: 4565: 4560: 4556: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4536: 4521: 4517: 4486: 4482: 4477: 4473: 4467: 4463: 4456: 4452: 4445: 4441: 4434: 4430: 4423: 4419: 4412: 4408: 4401: 4397: 4388: 4386: 4377: 4376: 4372: 4367: 4363: 4356: 4352: 4345: 4341: 4328: 4324: 4319: 4315: 4310: 4306: 4301: 4297: 4288: 4286: 4277: 4276: 4272: 4265: 4261: 4248: 4244: 4239: 4235: 4229: 4227:Wayback Machine 4218: 4214: 4209: 4181: 4166:Hokkien culture 4161:Teochew culture 4126:Chinese culture 4122: 4114:Villain hitting 4099:Bone collecting 4095: 4056: 4049: 4042: 4037: 4035: 4028: 4023: 4021: 4014: 4009: 4007: 3995: 3983:South China Sea 3971: 3965: 3937: 3931: 3911: 3905: 3863: 3857: 3852: 3811: 3805: 3781: 3770: 3764: 3761: 3746: 3730: 3719: 3689: 3661: 3650: 3644: 3641: 3626: 3610: 3599: 3568: 3560: 3518: 3488:Kite Festival ( 3449:Foshan Autumn ( 3416: 3363: 3341: 3298: 3262: 3246: 3232: 3195: 3171:Butterfly sword 3164: 3157: 3150: 3141: 3135: 3126: 3120: 3111: 3088: 3079: 3072: 3063: 3057: 3048: 3037: 3028: 3025: 3016: 2988: 2950: 2934: 2928: 2868: 2854: 2848: 2827: 2809: 2802: 2793: 2784: 2775: 2766: 2751: 2742: 2730: 2721: 2709: 2700: 2694: 2685: 2673: 2664: 2655: 2646: 2634: 2625: 2613: 2586: 2580: 2541: 2535: 2518: 2489: 2462: 2431: 2425: 2420: 2399: 2393: 2361: 2355: 2306: 2285: 2279: 2277:Guangdong music 2227: 2221: 2214: 2211: 2202: 2199: 2190: 2187: 2160: 2158:Cantonese opera 2154: 2152:Cantonese opera 2108: 2092:performing arts 2084: 2050: 2048:Performing arts 2027: 1999: 1993: 1975: 1969: 1954: 1945: 1936: 1914: 1896: 1891: 1890: 1889: 1886: 1875: 1874: 1815: 1784: 1782:Lingnan penjing 1778: 1776:Lingnan penjing 1762: 1748: 1736: 1730: 1675: 1636: 1599: 1586: 1572: 1565: 1562: 1553: 1546: 1534:South China Sea 1522: 1516: 1457: 1452: 1446: 1440: 1416: 1410: 1355:Nanyue language 1328: 1322: 1313: 1236: 1192:Nanyue language 1153: 1147: 1130: 1083: 1032:Chinese culture 1028:Lingnan culture 1017: 988: 987: 958: 950: 949: 925: 917: 916: 902: 892: 891: 890: 860: 852: 851: 850: 846:Bone collecting 841:Villain hitting 836:Wedding customs 805: 797: 796: 787: 779: 778: 777: 752: 742: 741: 740: 736:Butterfly sword 700: 690: 689: 688: 648: 647:Performing arts 640: 639: 638: 593: 585: 584: 583: 558: 548: 547: 546: 501: 491: 490: 476: 422:Gwóngfú màhnfaa 345:Gwongfu culture 243:Lingnan culture 128: 117: 111: 108: 65: 63: 53: 41: 28: 23: 22: 18:Lingnan culture 15: 12: 11: 5: 5872: 5862: 5861: 5844: 5843: 5841: 5840: 5828: 5815: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5808: 5806:Weizhou Island 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5777: 5775: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5746: 5744: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5725: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5678: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5650: 5648: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5638: 5633: 5631:Gulf of Tonkin 5628: 5623: 5617: 5615: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5589: 5587: 5581: 5580: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5558: 5557: 5550: 5543: 5535: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5522: 5510: 5497: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5469: 5468: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5412: 5410: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5390:Teochew people 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5285:Lingnan School 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5260:Lingnan garden 5257: 5252: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5220: 5215: 5209: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5197: 5192: 5186: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5174: 5172:Shamian Island 5169: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5137: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5113: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5094: 5089: 5081: 5075: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5047: 5045: 5039: 5038: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5016: 5015: 5008: 5001: 4993: 4985: 4984: 4975: 4950: 4941: 4932: 4923: 4914: 4905: 4894: 4869: 4862: 4844: 4833: 4822: 4811: 4786: 4767: 4755: 4746: 4689: 4664: 4655: 4652:《全粤诗》充分证明广东有文化 4644: 4619: 4608: 4597: 4588: 4563: 4554: 4543: 4534: 4515: 4480: 4471: 4461: 4450: 4439: 4428: 4417: 4406: 4395: 4370: 4361: 4350: 4339: 4337:.0.1991-05-012 4322: 4313: 4304: 4295: 4270: 4259: 4242: 4233: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4204: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4175: 4174: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4142: 4141: 4136: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4094: 4091: 4090: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4062: 4061: 4058:Society portal 4047: 4033: 4019: 3994: 3991: 3967:Main article: 3964: 3961: 3933:Main article: 3930: 3927: 3907:Main article: 3904: 3901: 3859:Main article: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3807:Main article: 3804: 3801: 3793:Roman Catholic 3783: 3782: 3733: 3731: 3724: 3718: 3715: 3688: 3685: 3663: 3662: 3613: 3611: 3604: 3598: 3595: 3567: 3564: 3559: 3556: 3555: 3554: 3547: 3540: 3533: 3526: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3512: 3499: 3486: 3473: 3460: 3447: 3430: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3398:Ghost Festival 3395: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3367:Lunar New Year 3362: 3359: 3358: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3340: 3337: 3333:Ghost Festival 3297: 3294: 3261: 3258: 3242:Main article: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3194: 3191: 3163: 3160: 3159: 3158: 3151: 3144: 3142: 3136: 3129: 3127: 3121: 3114: 3112: 3089: 3082: 3080: 3073: 3066: 3064: 3058: 3051: 3049: 3038: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3019: 3015: 3012: 2987: 2984: 2949: 2946: 2930:Main article: 2927: 2924: 2867: 2864: 2850:Main article: 2847: 2844: 2823:Main article: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2803: 2794: 2787: 2785: 2776: 2769: 2767: 2752: 2745: 2743: 2731: 2724: 2722: 2710: 2703: 2701: 2695: 2688: 2686: 2674: 2667: 2665: 2656: 2649: 2647: 2635: 2628: 2626: 2614: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2582:Main article: 2579: 2576: 2537:Main article: 2534: 2531: 2517: 2514: 2488: 2485: 2435:Zeung Gau-ling 2427:Main article: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2412:cult following 2395:Main article: 2392: 2389: 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1082: 1079: 1019: 1018: 1016: 1015: 1008: 1001: 993: 990: 989: 986: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 959: 956: 955: 952: 951: 948: 947: 942: 937: 932: 926: 923: 922: 919: 918: 915: 914: 909: 903: 898: 897: 894: 893: 889: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 862: 861: 859:Taoist deities 858: 857: 854: 853: 849: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 807: 806: 803: 802: 799: 798: 795: 794: 788: 785: 784: 781: 780: 776: 775: 770: 765: 760: 754: 753: 748: 747: 744: 743: 739: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 702: 701: 696: 695: 692: 691: 687: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 650: 649: 646: 645: 642: 641: 637: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 595: 594: 591: 590: 587: 586: 582: 581: 576: 571: 566: 560: 559: 554: 553: 550: 549: 545: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 503: 502: 497: 496: 493: 492: 489: 488: 483: 477: 472: 471: 468: 467: 461: 460: 448: 447: 444: 443: 440: 439: 432: 426: 425: 418: 412: 411: 409:Yue: Cantonese 405: 404: 401:Guǎngfǔ Wénhuà 397: 391: 390: 384: 383: 382:Transcriptions 375: 374: 367: 361: 360: 353: 347: 346: 342: 341: 338: 337: 330: 324: 323: 316: 310: 309: 307:Yue: Cantonese 303: 302: 299:Lǐngnán wénhuà 295: 289: 288: 282: 281: 280:Transcriptions 273: 272: 265: 259: 258: 251: 245: 244: 240: 239: 236: 235: 232:Jyut6 man4faa3 228: 222: 221: 214: 208: 207: 205:Yue: Cantonese 201: 200: 193: 187: 186: 180: 179: 178:Transcriptions 171: 170: 163: 157: 156: 149: 143: 142: 139: 138: 130: 129: 44: 42: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5871: 5860: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5839: 5838: 5829: 5827: 5826: 5817: 5816: 5813: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5772: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5741: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5709: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5702:Zhuang people 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5647: 5643: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5610: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5582: 5577: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5556: 5551: 5549: 5544: 5542: 5537: 5536: 5533: 5521: 5520: 5511: 5509: 5508: 5499: 5498: 5495: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5483:Hakka cuisine 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5421:Beef chow fun 5419: 5417: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5407: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5395:Zhuang people 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5183: 5179: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5162:Pratas Island 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5068: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5040: 5035: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5014: 5009: 5007: 5002: 5000: 4995: 4994: 4991: 4979: 4965:on 2016-04-08 4964: 4960: 4954: 4945: 4936: 4927: 4918: 4909: 4903: 4898: 4884:on 2016-08-17 4883: 4879: 4873: 4865: 4859: 4855: 4848: 4842: 4837: 4831: 4826: 4820: 4815: 4796: 4790: 4782: 4778: 4771: 4765: 4759: 4750: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4693: 4679:on 2018-08-21 4678: 4674: 4668: 4659: 4653: 4648: 4634:on 2017-09-26 4633: 4629: 4623: 4617: 4612: 4606: 4601: 4592: 4578:on 2017-08-16 4577: 4573: 4567: 4558: 4552: 4547: 4538: 4530: 4526: 4519: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4484: 4475: 4465: 4459: 4454: 4448: 4443: 4437: 4432: 4426: 4421: 4415: 4410: 4404: 4399: 4385:on 2017-07-30 4384: 4380: 4374: 4365: 4359: 4358:淺談嶺南民居的嶺南建築特色 4354: 4348: 4343: 4336: 4332: 4326: 4317: 4308: 4299: 4285:on 2017-08-30 4284: 4280: 4274: 4268: 4263: 4255: 4254: 4246: 4237: 4228: 4224: 4221: 4220:越人底色＋移民——广府源流 4216: 4212: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4156:Hakka culture 4154: 4152: 4151:Wuyue culture 4149: 4147: 4146:Bashu culture 4144: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4128: 4127: 4124: 4123: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4096: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4063: 4059: 4053: 4048: 4045: 4034: 4031: 4030:Taiwan portal 4020: 4017: 4006: 3999: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3975: 3970: 3960: 3958: 3953: 3951: 3950:1997 handover 3941: 3936: 3926: 3924: 3923:1999 handover 3915: 3910: 3900: 3898: 3890: 3884: 3876: 3867: 3862: 3847: 3845: 3844:New York City 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3810: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3779: 3776: 3768: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3734:This section 3732: 3728: 3723: 3722: 3714: 3712: 3704: 3694: 3684: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3659: 3656: 3648: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3619: 3614:This section 3612: 3608: 3603: 3602: 3594: 3592: 3591:Northern Song 3588: 3583: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3563: 3552: 3548: 3545: 3541: 3538: 3534: 3531: 3527: 3524: 3520: 3519: 3510: 3500: 3497: 3495:Fung zang zit 3487: 3484: 3474: 3471: 3461: 3458: 3448: 3445: 3435: 3431: 3428: 3418: 3417: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3342: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3322: 3318: 3315: 3314:New York City 3311: 3302: 3293: 3291: 3290:individualism 3287: 3277: 3273: 3257: 3255: 3254:Neo-Confucian 3251: 3245: 3236: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3190: 3186: 3184: 3183:Wong Fei-hung 3180: 3172: 3168: 3155: 3148: 3143: 3139: 3133: 3128: 3124: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3086: 3081: 3070: 3065: 3061: 3055: 3050: 3042: 3035: 3030: 3023: 3018: 3017: 3011: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2983: 2972: 2969: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2945: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2917: 2912: 2911: 2906: 2898: 2892: 2884: 2880: 2872: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2853: 2843: 2839: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2818: 2813: 2791: 2786: 2773: 2768: 2758: 2755: 2749: 2744: 2734: 2728: 2723: 2713: 2712:Beef chow fun 2707: 2702: 2698: 2692: 2687: 2677: 2671: 2666: 2653: 2648: 2638: 2632: 2627: 2617: 2611: 2606: 2605: 2601: 2600: 2599: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2585: 2575: 2573: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2545: 2540: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2513: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2501:Greater China 2498: 2494: 2484: 2482: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2440: 2436: 2430: 2415: 2414:in the West. 2413: 2409: 2405: 2398: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2373:rock and roll 2370: 2366: 2360: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2310: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2284: 2274: 2271: 2265: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2226: 2209: 2204: 2197: 2192: 2185: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2165: 2159: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2083: 2079: 2071: 2066: 2059: 2054: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2036:are types of 2035: 2031: 2022: 2020: 2019:impressionism 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1998: 1988: 1985: 1981: 1974: 1960: 1952: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1934: 1929: 1928: 1924: 1923: 1922: 1920: 1913: 1905: 1900: 1884: 1879: 1878: 1869: 1863: 1859: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1824: 1821: 1810: 1807: 1803: 1797: 1789: 1783: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1761: 1752: 1743: 1741: 1735: 1725: 1717: 1711: 1703: 1698: 1694: 1679: 1670: 1666: 1664: 1659: 1655: 1640: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1616:paper cutting 1613: 1609: 1604: 1594: 1591: 1585: 1576: 1560: 1555: 1551: 1544: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1535: 1527: 1521: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1493: 1490:carvings and 1489: 1485: 1480: 1476: 1461: 1451: 1445: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1415: 1405: 1391: 1380: 1366: 1356: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1332:standard form 1327: 1317: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1265: 1263: 1261:Tong jan gaai 1253: 1249: 1248:lingua franca 1245: 1241: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1212:Liu Zong Yuan 1209: 1204: 1203:Northern Song 1200: 1195: 1193: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1158: 1152: 1139: 1134: 1125: 1119: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1014: 1009: 1007: 1002: 1000: 995: 994: 992: 991: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 960: 957:Cultural hubs 954: 953: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 927: 921: 920: 913: 910: 908: 905: 904: 901: 896: 895: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 863: 856: 855: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 808: 801: 800: 793: 790: 789: 783: 782: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 755: 751: 746: 745: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 703: 699: 694: 693: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 651: 644: 643: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 599:Ivory carving 597: 596: 589: 588: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 561: 557: 552: 551: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 504: 500: 495: 494: 487: 484: 482: 479: 478: 475: 470: 469: 466: 463: 462: 458: 454: 453: 445: 433: 431: 427: 419: 417: 413: 410: 406: 398: 396: 392: 389: 385: 380: 376: 368: 366: 362: 354: 352: 348: 343: 331: 329: 325: 317: 315: 311: 308: 304: 296: 294: 290: 287: 283: 278: 274: 266: 264: 260: 252: 250: 246: 241: 229: 227: 223: 215: 213: 209: 206: 202: 194: 192: 188: 185: 181: 176: 172: 164: 162: 158: 150: 148: 144: 140: 135: 126: 123: 115: 112:November 2020 104: 101: 97: 94: 90: 87: 83: 80: 76: 73: – 72: 68: 67:Find sources: 61: 57: 51: 50: 45:This article 43: 39: 34: 33: 30: 19: 5835: 5823: 5681: 5517: 5505: 5400:Chu Hua Yuan 5385:Hakka people 5350:Wong Tai Sin 5340:Flowermarket 5166: 5160: 4978: 4967:. 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Retrieved 4283:the original 4273: 4262: 4252: 4245: 4236: 4230:(in Chinese) 4215: 4016:China portal 3980: 3954: 3946: 3920: 3886: 3872: 3861:Bombax ceiba 3812: 3791:(mostly the 3789:Christianity 3786: 3771: 3762: 3747:Please help 3735: 3700: 3690: 3673:Wong Tai Sin 3666: 3651: 3642: 3627:Please help 3615: 3584: 3576:Bodhisattvas 3569: 3561: 3549:Birthday of 3542:Birthday of 3535:Birthday of 3528:Birthday of 3521:Birthday of 3506: 3493: 3480: 3469:maai san zit 3467: 3454: 3441: 3424: 3391:Birthday of 3326: 3269: 3263: 3250:Confucianism 3247: 3187: 3176: 3162:Martial arts 3123:Claypot rice 3060:Century eggs 2989: 2973: 2970: 2951: 2936: 2935: 2908: 2894: 2878: 2877: 2861: 2856: 2855: 2840: 2829: 2828: 2588: 2587: 2571:cing jit hei 2569: 2546: 2542: 2519: 2516:Food culture 2490: 2480:Cyun jyut si 2478: 2471: 2449: 2432: 2400: 2362: 2344: 2340: 2333: 2329: 2322: 2318: 2315: 2286: 2272: 2261: 2234: 2228: 2168: 2161: 2111:categories: 2109: 2094:, including 2085: 2028: 2000: 1976: 1915: 1867: 1853:南園諸子送黎美周北上詩卷 1847: 1842:Yun Sung-wun 1827: 1816: 1799: 1785: 1763: 1737: 1713: 1690: 1684: 1667: 1651: 1645: 1600: 1587: 1552:, Guangdong. 1523: 1496: 1472: 1466: 1438:Architecture 1417: 1381: 1362: 1352: 1329: 1314: 1285:Hong Kongers 1266: 1259: 1240:Qing dynasty 1237: 1196: 1179:sinicization 1164: 1154: 1123: 1084: 1048: 1027: 1023: 1022: 866:Wong Tai Sin 698:Martial arts 604:Jade carving 579:Canton Tower 556:Architecture 464: 395:Hanyu Pinyin 293:Hanyu Pinyin 218:Yuht màhnfaa 191:Hanyu Pinyin 118: 109: 99: 92: 85: 78: 66: 54:Please help 49:verification 46: 29: 5712:Yue Chinese 5228:Yue Chinese 5141:Pearl River 4830:嶺南四大名果—《荔枝》 4496:: 516–520. 4436:西汉南越王墓玉器（图） 4414:琢玉人用心雕刻精緻孤品 3917:Macau lotus 3903:Macau lotus 3888:muk min faa 3434:Temple Fair 3329:East Asians 3276:Chan Bak-sa 3209:Choy Li Fut 2962:Song Empire 2807:Tea culture 2616:Fried bread 2590:Lou fo tong 2584:Lou fo tong 2578:Lou fo tong 2463: [ 2460:Liu Yan-tou 2385:dance music 2034:Cochin ware 2030:Sekwan ware 1820:Chan Bak-sa 1597:Visual arts 1340:Yue Chinese 1224:Ming Empire 1183:Tang Empire 1081:Terminology 940:Macau lotus 726:Choy Li Fut 629:Sekwan ware 592:Visual arts 517:Orthography 5355:Hung Shing 5151:West River 5146:East River 4969:2017-07-10 4888:2017-06-25 4841:武舘嵗月　洪拳的起源 4804:22 October 4709:: 112491. 4683:2017-06-22 4638:2017-06-22 4628:"粵典文庫－嬉笑集" 4582:2017-08-16 4389:2017-06-22 4289:2017-08-30 4207:References 4185:Liangguang 3797:Protestant 3677:Hung Shing 3523:Hung Shing 3432:Cantonese 3230:Philosophy 2757:fish balls 2562:Vietnamese 2497:vernacular 2456:vernacular 2418:Literature 2223:See also: 2106:Folk songs 2076:See also: 2007:Gou Gim-fu 1971:See also: 1919:Jingdezhen 1740:embroidery 1663:Ivory ball 1608:embroidery 1524:Tong lau ( 1492:sculptures 1448:See also: 1390:Tang poems 1252:Chinatowns 1175:Han Empire 1171:Yue people 1099:Taishanese 1053:to nearby 871:Hung Shing 816:Lion dance 786:Philosophy 654:Folk songs 537:Taishanese 457:the series 197:Yuè wénhuà 82:newspapers 5765:Tuotuorou 5646:Education 5613:Geography 5473:Leung cha 5426:Chow mein 5330:Wing Chun 5233:Hailufeng 5182:Education 5167:(claimed) 5101:(Sam Yup) 5071:Geography 5030:Guangzhou 5020:Guangdong 4741:209440516 4725:1872-7573 4469:Heritage. 4335:1004-4434 3832:Hong Kong 3820:Guangzhou 3765:June 2024 3736:does not 3693:Confucius 3645:June 2024 3616:does not 3558:Religions 3317:Chinatown 3224:Wing Chun 3108:fishballs 3096:solenidae 3004:pineapple 2954:rice wine 2916:East Asia 2896:leong caa 2879:Leung cha 2866:Leung cha 2835:teahouses 2359:Canto-pop 2334:cheon kum 2294:saxophone 2100:Han opera 2070:Vancouver 1858:Zeung Kiu 1838:Kwong Lou 1833:袁崇煥督遼餞別圖詩 1628:fine arts 1624:furniture 1612:porcelain 1503:Guangzhou 1484:balconies 1273:TV dramas 1103:Hainanese 1067:Hong Kong 1055:Hong Kong 1040:Guangdong 978:Hong Kong 963:Guangzhou 900:Folktales 768:Leung cha 721:Wing Chun 679:Pop music 624:Furniture 619:Porcelain 512:Phonology 5853:Category 5825:Category 5786:Li River 5755:Luosifen 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