2063:
860:
260:
588:
100:
841:. These are vigorously defended, with males flying to the territory edges to challenge intruders and passing limpkins being chased out of the territory. Territorial displays between males at boundaries include ritualized charging and wing-flapping. Females may also participate in territorial defense, but usually only against other females or juveniles. Territories may be maintained year-round or abandoned temporarily during the nonbreeding season, usually due to lack of food.
31:
55:
826:
576:
77:
695:
683:
871:, sticks, or other materials. Nest building is undertaken by the male initially, which constructs the nest in his territory prior to pair-bond formation. Unpaired females visit a number of territories before settling on a male with which to breed. Males may initially challenge and fight off prospective mates, and may not accept first-year females as mates. Pair-bond formation may take a few weeks.
645:, although the extent of these is not fully understood. In some parts in the northern part of the range, females (and a few males) leave the breeding areas at the end of summer, returning at the end of winter. In Brazil, birds breeding in some seasonal marshes leave during the dry season and return again with the rains. Birds may also migrate between Florida and Cuba, as several limpkins on the
222:
882:, with five to seven being typical and averaging 5.5, which measure 6.0 cm × 4.4 cm (2.4 in × 1.7 in). The egg color is highly variable. Their background color ranges from gray-white through buff to deep olive, and they are marked with light-brown and sometimes purplish-gray blotches and speckles. The eggs are laid daily until the clutch is complete, and
710:. When wading, they seldom go deeper than having half the body underwater, and never are submerged up to the back. They walk slowly with a gait described as "slightly undulating" and "giving the impression of lameness or limping", "high-stepping", or "strolling", looking for food if the water is clear or probing with the bill. They do not associate with other birds in
367:
finfoots, and Sibley and Monroe even placed the species in that family in 1990. More recent studies have found little support for this relationship. More recent DNA studies have confirmed a close relationship with particularly the cranes, with the limpkin remaining as a family close to the cranes and
886:
is usually delayed until the clutch is completed. Both parents incubate the eggs during the day, but only the female incubates at night. The shift length is variable, but the male incubates for longer during the day. The male remains territorial during incubation, and leaves the clutch to chase off
673:
Because of their long toes, they can stand on floating water plants. They also swim well, both as adults or as newly hatched chicks, but they seldom do so. They fly strongly, the neck projecting forward and the legs backward, the wings beating shallowly and stiffly, with a jerky upstroke, above the
545:
is seen. Its plumage is drab—dark brown with an olive luster above. The feathers of the head, neck, wing coverts, and much of the back and underparts (except the rear) are marked with white, making the body look streaked and the head and neck light gray. It has long, dark-gray legs and a long neck.
669:
Limpkins are active during the day, but also forage at night. Where they are not persecuted, they are also very tame and approachable. Even so, they are usually found near cover. They are not aggressive for the most part, being unconcerned by other species and rarely fighting with members of their
997:
in Cuba. The species also has a range of common names that refer to its call, for example lamenting bird, or to its supposed gait, crippled bird. The limpkin does not feature much in folklore, although in the Amazon people believe that when the limpkin starts to call, the river will not rise any
428:
suggested that it was similar to the stem species of the grues (the cranes and limpkins), and that the limpkins evolved massively long bills as a result of the specialisation to feeding on snails. In contrast, the cranes evolved into long-legged forms to walk and probe on open grasslands.
424:), has been described as a mosaic of the features shared by the limpkins and the cranes. It shares many morphological features with the cranes and limpkins, but also was much smaller than either group, and was more rail-like in its proportions. In the paper describing the fossil,
546:
Its bill is long, heavy, and downcurved, yellowish bill with a darker tip. The bill is slightly open near but not at the end to give it a tweezers-like action in removing snails from their shells, and in many individuals the tip curves slightly to the right, like the
638:. In the Caribbean, it also inhabits dry brushland. In Mexico and northern Central America, it occurs at altitudes up to 1,500 m (4,900 ft). In Florida, the distribution of apple snails is the best predictor of where limpkins can be found.
2068:
536:
The limpkin is a somewhat large bird, 64–73 cm (25–29 in) long, with a wingspan of 101–107 cm (40–42 in). Body mass ranges from 900 to 1,300 g (2.0 to 2.9 lb), averaging 1,080 g (2.38 lb). The males are
816:
or "lid" and extracts the snail, seldom breaking the shell. The extraction takes 10 to 20 seconds. The orange-yellow yolk gland of female snails is usually shaken loose and not eaten. It often leaves piles of empty shells at favored spots.
894:, capable of walking, running, and swimming. They follow their parents to a platform of aquatic vegetation, where they are brooded. They are fed by both parents; they reach adult size at 7 weeks and leave their parents at about 16 weeks.
958:
was found in the intestines of some birds; this species may enter the bird after first infecting apple snails (this has been shown to be the route of infection for a closely related trematode to infect snail kites). Nematodes
906:. Also, adults with serious foot and leg injuries have been reported, suggesting they may have been attacked by turtles while standing on floating vegetation. Their nests are apparently preyed upon by snakes,
661:
found limpkins dispersed up to 325 km (202 mi) away from the breeding site. This tendency may explain vagrant limpkins seen in other parts of the United States and at sea near the
Bahamas.
795:
and mussels were the most important prey items. Two studies, both in
Florida, have looked at the percentage composition of the diet of limpkins. One, looking at stomach contents, found 70%
1124:
550:' shells. The white markings are slightly less conspicuous in first-year birds. Its wings are broad and rounded and its tail is short. It is often confused with the immature
837:, which can vary in size from 0.15 to 4.0 ha (0.37 to 9.88 acres). In large, uniform swamps, nesting territories can often be clumped together, in the form of large
887:
intruders; if this happens, the female returns quickly to the eggs. The incubation period is about 27 days, and all the eggs hatch within 24 hours of each other.
2515:
939:
867:
Nests may be built in a wide variety of places – on the ground, in dense floating vegetation, in bushes, or at any height in trees. They are bulky structures of
791:. These prey items may be important in periods of drought or flooding when birds may be pushed into less than optimal foraging areas. In one site in Florida,
954:
961:
948:
1364:
Fain, Matthew G.; Krajewski, Carey; Houde, Peter (2007). "Phylogeny of "core
Gruiformes" (Aves: Grues) and resolution of the Limpkin–Sungrebe problem".
1327:
812:
When a limpkin finds an apple snail, it carries it to land or very shallow water and places it in mud, the opening facing up. It deftly removes the
1828:
2311:
1008:
2376:
2495:
565:." This call is most often given at night and at dawn and dusk. Other calls include "wooden clicking", clucks, and in alarm, a "piercing
401:
395:
557:
This bird is easier to hear than see. Its common vocalization is a loud wild wail or scream with some rattling quality, represented as "
2525:
2262:
2337:
1323:"A phylogenetic analysis of the Gruiformes (Aves) based on morphological characters, with an emphasis on the rails (Rallidae)"
2415:
1482:
1236:
356:
2342:
2545:
2535:
2500:
2285:
2037:
1099:
1719:
1676:
1575:
1532:
1150:
469:, 1794) are recognized. The difference between the subspecies are related to slight differences in size and plumage.
2540:
2454:
2381:
1776:
1739:
2249:
2052:
1074:
84:
2520:
1972:
1900:
1858:
466:
1843:
2137:
2394:
2324:
2187:
711:
2192:
309:
to northern
Argentina, but has been spotted as far north as Wisconsin and Southern Ontario. It feeds on
1606:
1179:
del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David A; de Juana, Eduardo, eds. (2020).
1052:
875:
is part of the bonding process, where males catch and process a snail and then feed it to the female.
575:
2459:
2166:
2128:
445:). Today, it is treated as a single species with four subspecies. Along with the nominate subspecies
360:
2389:
2029:
99:
2368:
2290:
856:
studies have shown that a small number of pairs reform the following year (four out of 18 pairs).
2530:
1942:
2446:
1995:
1668:
1656:
1567:
1561:
1524:
1518:
763:, as well as other kinds of snails, are a secondary food sources. Less important prey items are
2316:
2174:
2090:
1407:
Rasmussen, Tab (1997). "Birds". In Kay, R.F.; Madden, R.H.; Cifelli, R.L.; Flynn, J.J. (eds.).
587:
2355:
714:, as do some other wading birds, but may forage in small groups with others of their species.
2510:
2441:
2433:
813:
194:
1740:"Possible Use of Wading Birds as Beaters by Snail Kites, Boat-Tailed Grackles, and Limpkins"
331:
The limpkin is placed in the family
Aramidae, which is in turn placed within the crane and
2236:
2179:
2148:
1813:
1431:
1422:
Mayr, Gerald (2005). "A chicken-sized crane precursor from the early
Oligocene of France".
1373:
849:
608:
2043:
2024:
409:
deposits in
Argentina, although whether these are indeed related is not certain; in fact,
8:
2505:
1692:
919:
845:
551:
44:
2153:
2062:
1804:
1435:
1377:
1029:
1923:
1881:
1557:
1455:
1349:
1322:
1202:
918:, and the attempted theft of apple snails caught by limpkins has also been observed in
903:
834:
654:
237:
94:
2428:
2210:
1715:
1672:
1571:
1528:
1478:
1447:
1389:
1232:
1206:
1146:
872:
732:
658:
538:
437:
Between 1856 and 1934, the limpkin was treated as two species, one in South
America (
385:
348:
2074:
1459:
859:
383:
of extinct
Aramidae are known from across the Americas. The earliest known species,
2277:
1915:
1873:
1439:
1409:
Vertebrate paleontology in the neotropics – the
Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia
1381:
1344:
1336:
1296:
1194:
1047:
911:
883:
604:
298:
2215:
2472:
2402:
2254:
2202:
1699:(second revised and enlarged ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 57–58.
458:
1598:
1385:
1288:
703:
642:
413:
seems to be a misidentified mammal bone. Another Oligocene fossil from Europe,
364:
1443:
702:
Limpkins forage primarily in shallow water and on floating vegetation such as
2489:
2350:
2113:
1660:
1181:
1038:
967:
910:, crows, and muskrats. Foraging adults may in times of drought be victims of
718:
547:
477:
314:
211:
171:
64:
59:
611:) and southern Mexico through the Caribbean and Central America to northern
259:
2329:
1451:
1393:
1340:
1198:
980:
891:
853:
650:
646:
421:
376:
294:
2407:
2363:
2298:
2122:
1295:. The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
838:
512:
491:
425:
2467:
2267:
2078:
1927:
1885:
1100:"Tropical bird spotted for first time in Pennsylvania - CBS Pittsburgh"
1003:
915:
776:
508:
369:
336:
151:
852:, with two or more females joining a male. With the monogamous pairs,
441:) and the other found in Central America, the Caribbean, and Florida (
263:
An adult Limpkin walks down the bank of Lake Cecile near Kissimmee, FL
30:
945:
926:
868:
801:
759:
612:
415:
406:
344:
111:
2084:
1919:
1877:
1300:
1125:"Rarities seen, records reached during annual Christmas bird counts"
2228:
2107:
930:
879:
825:
780:
749:
737:
731:
has a significant effect on the local distribution of the limpkin.
635:
631:
332:
302:
290:
161:
131:
694:
2303:
2241:
2161:
907:
743:
728:
723:
682:
542:
499:
390:
319:
310:
306:
2420:
925:
Limpkins in Florida were examined for parasites, which included
1178:
999:
792:
772:
764:
707:
525:
521:
380:
121:
301:
Aramidae. It is found mostly in wetlands in warm parts of the
2223:
1143:
National Geographic Field Guide To The Birds Of North America
985:
627:
623:
616:
481:
221:
1520:
A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America
1021:
934:
788:
784:
768:
495:
352:
340:
141:
1799:
1797:
363:, suggested that the limpkin's closest relatives were the
1954:
Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington
998:
more. Its call has been used for jungle sound effects in
653:
have been reported, but these records may also represent
1697:
A Field Guide to the Birds: Eastern Land and Water Birds
323:. Its name derives from its seeming limp when it walks.
1794:
1840:
The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago
1027:
717:
The diet of the limpkin is dominated by apple snails (
657:
or postbreeding dispersal. One study in Florida using
619:; west of them its range extends only to the Equator.
1940:
603:
The limpkin occurs from peninsular Florida (and the
339:. The limpkin had been suggested to be close to the
1145:(4th ed.). National Geographic Society. 2002.
393:, while the oldest supposed members of the family,
1363:
1180:
902:Limpkins are reported to be attacked and eaten by
1328:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
1053:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22692174A93339530.en
979:Many of the limpkin's names across its range are
615:. In South America, it occurs widely east of the
2487:
1934:
1226:
1229:Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World
541:than the females in size, but no difference in
2516:Native birds of the Southeastern United States
1941:Conti, J.; Forrester, D.; Nesbitt, S. (1985).
1738:Bennetts, Robert; Dreitz, Victoria J. (1997).
1737:
1654:
848:, with females joining a male's territory, or
1987:
1975:. Southwest Florida Water Management District
1703:
1400:
1899:Miller, Bruce W.; Tilson, Ronald L. (1985).
1898:
1714:. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
1685:
971:spp. are also ingested and live in the gut.
820:
1733:
1731:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1472:
1220:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
974:
598:
326:
2061:
1892:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1314:
983:and reflect the bird's call; for example,
220:
75:
53:
29:
1993:
1901:"Snail Kite kleptoparasitism of Limpkins"
1856:
1850:
1770:
1768:
1709:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1517:Howell, Steve N.G.; Webb, Sophie (1995).
1406:
1348:
1051:
805:, and 27% unidentified mollusc, probably
1964:
1728:
1691:
1415:
1357:
1231:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
1191:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
1159:
1009:Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
858:
824:
693:
681:
258:
1973:"The Peace River: Ecological Diversity"
1621:
1491:
1320:
1227:Sibley, C.G.; Monroe Jr., B.L. (1990).
664:
2488:
1994:Ramanujan, Krishna (1 December 2005).
1774:
1765:
1655:Holyoak, David; Colston, P.R. (2003).
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1556:
1541:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
937:. Two biting lice species were found,
878:The clutch consists of three to eight
641:The limpkin undertakes some localized
2089:
2088:
1366:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1287:Bryan, Dana (2002). Poole, A. (ed.).
1286:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1135:
698:Limpkin searching underwater for food
379:species in the family today, several
297:, and the only extant species in the
2040:at Florida Museum of Natural History
1970:
1421:
289:, is a large wading bird related to
2496:IUCN Red List least concern species
1584:
1523:. Oxford University Press. p.
1466:
1039:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1859:"Habits of the Limpkin in Florida"
1473:Dunning Jr., John B., ed. (1992).
1245:
14:
2557:
2017:
1665:The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds
1475:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
581:Limpkin performing a wing-stretch
480:(except the arid west coast, the
375:Although the limpkin is the only
368:the two being sister taxa to the
357:Sibley–Ahlquist taxonomy of birds
1411:. Smithsonian Institution Press.
586:
574:
98:
2526:Birds of the Dominican Republic
2044:BirdLife species factsheet for
1821:
1028:BirdLife International (2016).
727:. The availability of this one
1117:
1092:
1067:
531:
1:
1857:Nicholson, Donald J. (1928).
1015:
890:The young hatch covered with
686:Limpkin with an apple snail (
674:horizontal most of the time.
432:
313:, with the diet dominated by
38:At St. John's River, Florida
2071:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1193:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
712:mixed-species feeding flocks
7:
2546:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2075:Audio recordings of Limpkin
1566:. New York: Knopf. p.
1386:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.015
863:Limpkin chicks with parents
405:, have been found in early
10:
2562:
2536:Birds of the Guiana Shield
2501:NatureServe secure species
1667:. Firefly Books. pp.
1607:Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1075:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
897:
677:
2097:
1775:Cottam, Clarence (1936).
1710:Stevenson, Henry (1994).
1563:The Sibley Guide to Birds
1444:10.1007/s00114-005-0007-8
821:Reproduction and breeding
389:, is dated to the middle
351:, based upon shared bird
243:
236:
228:
219:
200:
193:
95:Scientific classification
93:
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
2030:Internet Bird Collection
1943:"Parasites of limpkins,
1079:explorer.natureserve.org
1046:: e.T22692174A93339530.
975:Relationship with humans
599:Distribution and habitat
474:Aramus guarauna guarauna
327:Taxonomy and systematics
2541:Birds described in 1766
2291:limpkin-aramus-guarauna
1712:The Birdlife of Florida
844:Limpkins may be either
622:It inhabits freshwater
518:Aramus guarauna dolosus
2002:. Cornell News Service
1618:Includes a sound file.
1341:10.1098/rstb.1998.0353
1321:Livezey, B.C. (1998).
1199:10.2173/bow.aramid1.01
864:
830:
699:
691:
505:Aramus guarauna elucus
488:Aramus guarauna pictus
264:
2521:Birds of the Americas
2442:Paleobiology Database
2069:Limpkin photo gallery
1777:"Food of the Limpkin"
940:Laemobothrion cubense
862:
833:Males have exclusive
828:
697:
685:
361:DNA–DNA hybridization
262:
1996:"Blockbuster Sounds"
1814:Animal Diversity Web
1693:Peterson, Roger Tory
920:boat-tailed grackles
850:serially polyandrous
665:Behavior and ecology
490:- Florida, Georgia,
1661:Christopher Perrins
1558:Sibley, David Allen
1436:2005NW.....92..389M
1424:Naturwissenschaften
1378:2007MolPE..43..515F
1335:(1378): 2077–2151.
1129:www.windsorstar.com
955:Prionosoma serratum
904:American alligators
738:Anodonta cowperiana
552:American white ibis
250:Linnaeus, 1766
45:Conservation status
2038:Limpkin Bird Sound
1002:films and for the
993:in Venezuela, and
962:Amidostomum acutum
865:
831:
750:Elliptio strigosus
733:Freshwater mussels
700:
692:
630:, often with tall
484:and extreme south)
265:
2483:
2482:
2429:Open Tree of Life
2091:Taxon identifiers
2053:"Aramus guarauna"
1971:Phillips, James.
1484:978-0-8493-4258-5
1238:978-0-300-04969-5
873:Courtship feeding
799:apple snails, 3%
386:Aramus paludigrus
349:Threskiornithidae
257:
256:
247:Scolopax guarauna
88:
68:
2553:
2476:
2475:
2463:
2462:
2450:
2449:
2437:
2436:
2424:
2423:
2411:
2410:
2398:
2397:
2385:
2384:
2372:
2371:
2359:
2358:
2346:
2345:
2333:
2332:
2320:
2319:
2307:
2306:
2294:
2293:
2281:
2280:
2271:
2270:
2258:
2257:
2245:
2244:
2232:
2231:
2219:
2218:
2206:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2183:
2182:
2170:
2169:
2167:5D864313BEB5CCAA
2157:
2156:
2144:
2143:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2086:
2085:
2065:
2060:
2034:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2000:Chronicle Online
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1951:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1905:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1863:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1837:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1744:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1652:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1595:
1582:
1581:
1554:
1539:
1538:
1514:
1489:
1488:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1284:
1243:
1242:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1188:
1176:
1157:
1156:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1025:
952:. The trematode
912:kleptoparasitism
829:Juvenile limpkin
760:Uniomerus obesus
605:Okefenokee Swamp
590:
578:
251:
224:
206:
186:A. guarauna
103:
102:
82:
79:
78:
62:
57:
56:
33:
21:
20:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2473:Aramus-guarauna
2471:
2466:
2458:
2453:
2445:
2440:
2432:
2427:
2419:
2414:
2406:
2403:Observation.org
2401:
2393:
2388:
2380:
2375:
2367:
2362:
2354:
2349:
2341:
2336:
2328:
2323:
2315:
2310:
2302:
2297:
2289:
2284:
2276:
2274:
2266:
2261:
2253:
2248:
2240:
2235:
2227:
2222:
2214:
2209:
2201:
2199:
2191:
2186:
2178:
2173:
2165:
2160:
2154:Aramus_guarauna
2152:
2147:
2141:
2136:
2129:Aramus guarauna
2127:
2126:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2099:Aramus guarauna
2093:
2051:
2046:Aramus guarauna
2025:"Limpkin media"
2023:
2020:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1969:
1965:
1949:
1945:Aramus guarauna
1939:
1935:
1920:10.2307/4086837
1903:
1897:
1893:
1878:10.2307/4076019
1866:Wilson Bulletin
1861:
1855:
1851:
1835:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1807:Aramus guarauna
1803:
1802:
1795:
1784:Wilson Bulletin
1779:
1773:
1766:
1756:
1754:
1747:Wilson Bulletin
1742:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1708:
1704:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1653:
1622:
1611:
1609:
1603:All About Birds
1597:
1596:
1585:
1578:
1555:
1542:
1535:
1515:
1492:
1485:
1471:
1467:
1420:
1416:
1405:
1401:
1362:
1358:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1301:10.2173/bna.627
1291:Aramus guarauna
1285:
1246:
1239:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1177:
1160:
1153:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1109:
1107:
1104:www.cbsnews.com
1098:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1032:Aramus guarauna
1026:
1022:
1018:
977:
900:
823:
721:) of the genus
680:
667:
601:
594:
591:
582:
579:
539:slightly larger
534:
520:- Southwestern
511:and (formerly)
439:Aramus guarauna
435:
329:
277:), also called
274:Aramus guarauna
249:
215:
208:
204:Aramus guarauna
202:
189:
97:
89:
80:
76:
69:
58:
54:
47:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
2559:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2531:Birds of Haiti
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2464:
2451:
2438:
2425:
2412:
2399:
2386:
2373:
2360:
2347:
2334:
2321:
2308:
2295:
2282:
2272:
2259:
2246:
2233:
2220:
2207:
2197:
2184:
2171:
2158:
2145:
2134:
2119:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2083:
2082:
2072:
2066:
2049:
2041:
2035:
2019:
2018:External links
2016:
2014:
2013:
1986:
1963:
1933:
1914:(1): 170–171.
1891:
1872:(3): 305–309.
1849:
1831:Aramus guarana
1820:
1793:
1764:
1727:
1720:
1702:
1684:
1677:
1620:
1583:
1576:
1540:
1533:
1490:
1483:
1465:
1430:(8): 389–393.
1414:
1399:
1372:(2): 515–529.
1356:
1313:
1244:
1237:
1219:
1158:
1151:
1134:
1116:
1091:
1066:
1019:
1017:
1014:
989:in Argentina,
976:
973:
899:
896:
822:
819:
704:water hyacinth
679:
676:
666:
663:
600:
597:
596:
595:
592:
585:
583:
580:
573:
533:
530:
529:
528:
515:
502:
485:
467:F. A. A. Meyer
447:A. g. guarauna
434:
431:
365:Heliornithidae
328:
325:
255:
254:
253:
252:
241:
240:
234:
233:
226:
225:
217:
216:
209:
198:
197:
191:
190:
183:
181:
177:
176:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
91:
90:
74:
71:
70:
52:
49:
48:
43:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2558:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1974:
1967:
1960:(1): 140–142.
1959:
1955:
1948:
1947:, in Florida"
1946:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1832:
1824:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1800:
1798:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1769:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1732:
1723:
1721:0-8130-1288-0
1717:
1713:
1706:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1680:
1678:1-55297-777-3
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1579:
1577:0-679-45122-6
1573:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1536:
1534:0-19-854012-4
1530:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1486:
1480:
1477:. CRC Press.
1476:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1410:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1240:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1154:
1152:0-7922-6877-6
1148:
1144:
1138:
1131:. 2023-12-28.
1130:
1126:
1120:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1020:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1001:
996:
992:
988:
987:
982:
972:
970:
969:
968:Strongyloides
964:
963:
957:
956:
951:
950:
947:
942:
941:
936:
933:, and biting
932:
928:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
895:
893:
888:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
861:
857:
855:
851:
847:
842:
840:
836:
827:
818:
815:
810:
808:
804:
803:
798:
794:
790:
787:, as well as
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:
756:
752:
751:
746:
745:
744:Villosa vibex
740:
739:
734:
730:
726:
725:
720:
719:Ampullariidae
715:
713:
709:
708:water lettuce
705:
696:
689:
684:
675:
671:
670:own species.
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
639:
637:
634:, as well as
633:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
589:
584:
577:
572:
571:
570:
568:
567:bihk, bihk...
564:
560:
555:
553:
549:
544:
540:
527:
523:
519:
516:
514:
510:
506:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
486:
483:
479:
478:South America
475:
472:
471:
470:
468:
464:
461:, 1925), and
460:
456:
452:
451:A. g. dolosus
448:
444:
443:Aramus pictus
440:
430:
427:
423:
419:
417:
412:
408:
404:
403:
398:
397:
392:
388:
387:
382:
378:
373:
371:
366:
362:
359:, based upon
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
324:
322:
321:
317:of the genus
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:
270:
261:
248:
245:
244:
242:
239:
235:
232:
227:
223:
218:
213:
207:
205:
199:
196:
195:Binomial name
192:
188:
187:
182:
179:
178:
175:
174:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
101:
96:
92:
86:
72:
66:
61:
60:Least Concern
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2511:Wading birds
2098:
2056:
2045:
2028:
2004:. Retrieved
1999:
1989:
1977:. Retrieved
1966:
1957:
1953:
1944:
1936:
1911:
1907:
1894:
1869:
1865:
1852:
1839:
1830:
1823:
1812:
1806:
1787:
1783:
1755:. Retrieved
1753:(1): 169–173
1750:
1746:
1711:
1705:
1696:
1687:
1664:
1610:. Retrieved
1602:
1562:
1519:
1474:
1468:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1408:
1402:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1332:
1326:
1316:
1304:. Retrieved
1290:
1228:
1222:
1210:. Retrieved
1190:
1183:
1142:
1137:
1128:
1119:
1108:. Retrieved
1106:. 2023-07-12
1103:
1094:
1082:. Retrieved
1078:
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1043:
1037:
1031:
1023:
1007:
1006:in the film
994:
990:
984:
981:onomatopoeic
978:
966:
960:
953:
944:
938:
924:
901:
889:
877:
866:
843:
832:
811:
806:
800:
796:
758:
754:
748:
742:
736:
735:, including
722:
716:
701:
687:
672:
668:
651:Dry Tortugas
647:Florida Keys
640:
621:
607:in southern
602:
566:
562:
558:
556:
548:apple snails
535:
517:
504:
487:
473:
463:A. g. pictus
462:
459:J. L. Peters
455:A. g. elucus
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
436:
422:Parvigruidae
414:
410:
400:
394:
384:
374:
330:
318:
315:apple snails
286:
282:
278:
273:
272:
268:
266:
246:
230:
203:
201:
185:
184:
172:
18:
2390:Neotropical
2364:NatureServe
2299:iNaturalist
2123:Wikispecies
1790:(1): 11–13.
1757:24 February
1306:24 February
1059:12 November
916:snail kites
835:territories
793:moon snails
777:crustaceans
755:E. jayensis
532:Description
513:Puerto Rico
492:The Bahamas
426:Gerald Mayr
287:crying bird
231:A. guarauna
85:NatureServe
2506:Gruiformes
2490:Categories
2468:Xeno-canto
2079:Xeno-canto
2006:30 January
1979:30 January
1833:(Limpkin)"
1809:(Limpkin)"
1612:1 February
1289:"Limpkin (
1182:"Limpkin (
1110:2023-07-14
1084:20 October
1016:References
1004:hippogriff
927:trematodes
884:incubation
846:monogamous
643:migrations
593:Taking off
509:Hispaniola
433:Subspecies
370:trumpeters
337:Gruiformes
152:Gruiformes
1657:"Limpkin"
1599:"Limpkin"
1207:241328872
946:Rallicola
931:nematodes
814:operculum
802:Campeloma
779:(such as
659:wing tags
636:mangroves
613:Argentina
559:kwEEEeeer
416:Parvigrus
411:Loncornis
407:Oligocene
402:Loncornis
396:Aminornis
345:spoonbill
229:Range of
180:Species:
118:Kingdom:
112:Eukaryota
2369:2.104955
2356:22692174
2317:10856590
2242:45509137
2180:22692174
2175:BirdLife
2108:Wikidata
1695:(1947).
1560:(2000).
1460:20017550
1452:16052357
1394:17419074
1212:11 March
1184:Aramidae
995:guareáo
949:funebris
908:raccoons
839:colonies
781:crayfish
655:vagrants
420:(family
311:molluscs
303:Americas
238:Synonyms
212:Linnaeus
162:Aramidae
158:Family:
132:Chordata
128:Phylum:
122:Animalia
108:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
24:Limpkin
2434:1095362
2278:limpkin
2268:2474337
2162:Avibase
2114:Q725276
2057:Avibase
1928:4086837
1908:The Auk
1886:4076019
1669:212–213
1663:(ed.).
1432:Bibcode
1374:Bibcode
1350:1692427
898:Ecology
854:banding
807:Pomacea
797:Pomacea
773:lizards
765:insects
729:mollusk
724:Pomacea
688:Pomacea
678:Feeding
624:marshes
609:Georgia
563:klAAAar
543:plumage
500:Jamaica
391:Miocene
381:fossils
347:family
320:Pomacea
307:Florida
305:, from
283:courlan
269:limpkin
214:, 1766)
168:Genus:
148:Order:
138:Class:
83: (
81:Secure
63: (
2460:422600
2447:368444
2421:422600
2395:limpki
2343:176197
2275:GNAB:
2250:EURING
2229:limpki
2203:limpki
2142:limpki
1926:
1884:
1718:
1675:
1574:
1531:
1481:
1458:
1450:
1392:
1347:
1235:
1205:
1149:
1000:Tarzan
991:carrao
869:rushes
783:) and
757:, and
628:swamps
526:Panama
522:Mexico
457:(both
377:extant
355:. The
335:order
299:family
295:cranes
285:, and
279:carrao
173:Aramus
2455:WoRMS
2408:72724
2382:54356
2330:93427
2312:IRMNG
2224:eBird
2200:BOW:
2193:10028
1950:(PDF)
1924:JSTOR
1904:(PDF)
1882:JSTOR
1862:(PDF)
1836:(PDF)
1780:(PDF)
1743:(PDF)
1659:. In
1456:S2CID
1203:S2CID
986:carau
789:seeds
785:worms
769:frogs
632:reeds
617:Andes
482:Andes
418:pohli
291:rails
2416:OBIS
2377:NCBI
2351:IUCN
2338:ITIS
2263:GBIF
2255:4320
2216:G532
2188:BOLD
2008:2009
1981:2009
1759:2010
1716:ISBN
1673:ISBN
1614:2009
1572:ISBN
1529:ISBN
1479:ISBN
1448:PMID
1390:PMID
1308:2010
1233:ISBN
1214:2017
1147:ISBN
1086:2022
1061:2021
1044:2016
965:and
943:and
935:lice
892:down
880:eggs
706:and
649:and
626:and
498:and
496:Cuba
399:and
353:lice
343:and
341:ibis
333:rail
293:and
267:The
142:Aves
2325:ISC
2286:IBC
2237:EoL
2211:CoL
2149:ADW
2138:ABA
2077:on
1916:doi
1912:102
1874:doi
1844:UWI
1751:109
1568:156
1525:248
1440:doi
1382:doi
1345:PMC
1337:doi
1333:353
1297:doi
1195:doi
1048:doi
914:by
569:".
561:or
524:to
449:,
2492::
2470::
2457::
2444::
2431::
2418::
2405::
2392::
2379::
2366::
2353::
2340::
2327::
2314::
2301::
2288::
2265::
2252::
2239::
2226::
2213::
2190::
2177::
2164::
2151::
2140::
2125::
2110::
2055:.
2027:.
1998:.
1958:52
1956:.
1952:.
1922:.
1910:.
1906:.
1880:.
1870:45
1868:.
1864:.
1842:.
1838:.
1811:.
1796:^
1788:48
1786:.
1782:.
1767:^
1749:.
1745:.
1730:^
1671:.
1623:^
1605:.
1601:.
1586:^
1570:.
1543:^
1527:.
1493:^
1454:.
1446:.
1438:.
1428:92
1426:.
1388:.
1380:.
1370:43
1368:.
1343:.
1331:.
1325:.
1293:)"
1247:^
1201:.
1189:.
1186:)"
1161:^
1127:.
1102:.
1077:.
1042:.
1036:.
1012:.
929:,
922:.
809:.
775:,
771:,
767:,
753:,
747:,
741:,
554:.
507:-
494:,
476:-
453:,
372:.
281:,
2304:7
2081:.
2059:.
2033:.
2010:.
1983:.
1930:.
1918::
1888:.
1876::
1846:.
1829:"
1817:.
1805:"
1761:.
1724:.
1681:.
1616:.
1580:.
1537:.
1487:.
1462:.
1442::
1434::
1396:.
1384::
1376::
1353:.
1339::
1310:.
1299::
1241:.
1216:.
1197::
1155:.
1113:.
1088:.
1063:.
1050::
1034:"
1030:"
690:)
465:(
271:(
210:(
87:)
67:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)