3857:
848:. The flowers may be arranged (inflorescence) along the stem, developing from the base, or as a single flower at the tip of the stem, or as a cluster of flowers. They contain both male (androecium) and female (gynoecium) characteristics and are symmetric radially, but sometimes as a mirror image. Most flowers are large and colourful, except for Medeoleae. Both the petals and sepals are usually similar and appear as two concentric groups (whorls) of 'petals', that are often striped or multi-coloured, and produce nectar at their bases. The stamens are usually in two groups of three (trimerous) and the pollen has a single groove (monosulcate). The ovary is placed above the attachment of the other parts (superior). There are three fused carpels (syncarpus) with one to three chambers (locules), a single style and a three-lobed stigma. The embryo sac is of the
635:
3612:
1948:
2996:
785:
2768:
9393:
2783:
120:
3837:
726:
1998:
142:
3290:
707:
762:
9336:
3780:
1975:
654:
12824:
2975:
1924:
3643:
592:
673:
3306:
745:
615:
573:
9350:
2958:
804:
3201:. Approximately ten countries produce lilies commercially altogether. About half of the commercial production is for cut flowers. Many of these countries export bulbs as well as supplying the domestic market. The Netherlands produces about 2,200 million lily bulbs annually, of which 96% is used domestically and the remainder exported, principally within the
3141:. By contrast, the Netherlands is the leading international producer, to the extent of 4 billion bulbs per annum. Of these, 53% are used for the cut flower market and the remainder for the dry bulb market. Of the cut flowers, 57% are used for the domestic market in the Netherlands and the remainder exported.
2746:
The proliferation of deer populations in many areas, due to human factors such as the elimination of their animal predators and introduction to alien environments, is placing considerable herbivory pressure on many of the family's species. Fences as high as 8 feet may be required to prevent them from
3230:
can be obtained commercially, the majority of commercially available lilies represent the products of a very diverse hybridisation program, which has resulted in a separate horticultural classification, including such groupings as Asian, Oriental and
Orienpet. In addition to a very wide variety of
3798:. It has also been associated with the head of a spear. Its three parts have been associated with the three classes of mediaeval society, or alternatively faith, wisdom and chivalry. Whatever its exact derivation, it has come to be associated with France and the French monarchy since the earliest
547:
A number of
Liliaceae genera are popular cultivated plants in private and public spaces. Lilies and tulips in particular have had considerable symbolic and decorative value, and appear frequently in paintings and the decorative arts. They are also an economically important product. Most of their
8114:
Syllabus der
Pflanzenfamilien : eine Übersicht über das gesamte Pflanzensystem mit Berücksichtigung der Medicinal- und Nutzpflanzen nebst einer Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen und Studien über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische
852:
type. The fruit is generally a wind dispersed capsule, but occasionally a berry (Medeoleae) which is dispersed by animals. The leaves are generally simple and elongated with veins parallel to the edges, arranged singly and alternating on the stem, but may form a rosette at the base of the stem.
819:
The diversity of characteristics complicates any description of the
Liliaceae morphology, and confused taxonomic classification for centuries. The diversity is also of considerable evolutionary significance, as some members emerged from shaded areas and adapted to a more open environment (see
1614:
in 1883 (published in Latin) – several of
Lindley's other families had already been absorbed into the Liliaceae. Over time the family became increasingly broad and somewhat arbitrarily defined as all species of plants with six tepals and a superior ovary, eventually coming to encompass about
3168:
than the cultivated forms. Breeding programs have produced a wide range of tulip types, enabling blooming through a much longer season by creating early, mid- and late spring varieties. Fourteen distinct types are available in addition to botanical tulips, including Lily-flowered, Fringed,
1514:
The taxonomy of the
Liliaceae has a very complex history. The family was first described in the eighteenth century, and over time many other genera were added until it became one of the largest of the monocotyledon families, and also extremely diverse. Modern taxonomic systems, such as the
2935:. Contemporary tulip owners commonly had Rembrandt and other artists paint their flowers to preserve them for posterity, hence the 'broken' tulips were known as Rembrandt tulips at that time. Another modern variety is 'Princess Irene'. One of the tulip breaking viruses is also named the
7991:
An introduction to the natural system of botany : or, A systematic view of the organisation, natural affinities, and geographical distribution, of the whole vegetable kingdom : together with the uses of the most important species in medicine, the arts, and rural or domestic
1527:, have redistributed many of these genera resulting in the relatively small family that is currently recognised. Consequently, there are many different accounts of the Liliaceae in the literature and older uses of the term occur commonly. To distinguish between them, the
5471:
Chase, M.W.; Duvall, M.R.; Hills, H.G.; Conran, J.G.; Cox, A.V.; Eguiarte, L.E.; Hartwell, J.; Fay, M.F.; Caddick, L.R.; Cameron, K.M.; Hoot, S. (1995). "Molecular phylogenetics of
Lilianae". In Rudall, P.J.; Cribb, P.J.; Cutler, D.F.; Humphries, C.J. (eds.).
7395:
Nouvelle collection des mémoires pour servir a l'histoire de France: depuis le XIIIe siècle jusqu'à la fin du XVIIIe; précédés de notices pour caractériser chaque auteur des mémoires et son époque; suivis de l'analyse des documents historiques qui s'y
2930:
of the seventeenth century, because it appeared to be producing new varieties. In modern times tulip breeders have produced varieties that mimic the effect of the virus, without being infected. One of these varieties is known as 'Rembrandt', after the
512:
that did not fit into other families and included a great number of genera now included in other families and in some cases in other orders. Consequently, many sources and descriptions labelled "Liliaceae" deal with the broader sense of the family.
7964:
A natural arrangement of
British plants: according to their relations to each other as pointed out by Jussieu, De Candolle, Brown, &c. including those cultivated for use; with an introduction to botany, in which the terms newly introduced are
4006:
in 1625. Tulips spread rapidly across Europe in the seventeenth century, and became an important trading item, initially in France before concentrating in the
Netherlands. Eventually speculative trading in tulips became so intense as to cause a
1763:
The development of a phylogenetic approach to taxonomy suggested the
Liliales formed some of the earliest monocots. Molecular analysis indicates that divergence amongst the Liliales probably occurred around 82 million years ago. The closest
5922:
2667:), characterised by cessation of underground growth at high temperatures in early summer and requiring low winter temperatures for spring flowering. While some genera are shade-dwelling, such as the Medeoleae, and Streptopoideae,
3231:
heights, lilies can be obtained in many colours and combinations of colours, and if properly selected can produce an extensive blooming season from early summer to autumn. Because of the history of Liliaceae, many species such as
1609:
not included in the other orders, but hoped that the future would reveal some characteristic that would group them better. He recognized 133 genera and 1200 species. By the time of the next major British classification – that of
997:
has three stamens opposite the outer tepals. The attachment of the anthers to the filaments may be either peltate (to the surface) or pseudo-basifixed (surrounding the filament tip, but not adnate, that is not fused) and
496:. The leaves are linear in shape, with their veins usually arranged parallel to the edges, single and arranged alternating on the stem, or in a rosette at the base. Most species are grown from bulbs, although some have
477:. Plants in this family have evolved with a fair amount of morphological diversity despite genetic similarity. Common characteristics include large flowers with parts arranged in threes: with six colored or patterned
3990:
as their symbol. Further species were collected from Persia and the spreading Ottoman Empire saw to it that tulip culture also spread. By the sixteenth century it was a national symbol, hence the designation
3856:
992:
in two trimerous whorls, with free filaments, usually epiphyllous (fused to tepals) and diplostemonous (outer whorl of stamens opposite outer tepals and the inner whorl opposite inner tepals), although
9136:
Guide to Standard Floras of the World: An Annotated, Geographically Arranged Systematic Bibliography of the Principal Floras, Enumerations, Checklists and Chorological Atlases of Different Areas
4002:, where they were mistaken for vegetables, although they had been cultivated in Portugal since 1530, and first appeared in illustration in 1559, and the first tulip flowers were seen in the
4674:
Rudall, P.J.; Stobart, K.L.; Hong, W-P.; Conran, J.G.; Furness, C.A.; Kite, G.C.; Chase, M.W. (2000). "Consider the lilies: systematics of Liliales". In Wilson, K.L.; Morrison, D.A. (eds.).
8663:
Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons and the Fifth International Symposium on Grass Systematics and Evolution, Copenhagen 2008
5848:
5550:
Hayashi, Kazuhiko; Yoshida, Seiji; Utech, Frederick H.; Kawano, Shoichi (2001). "Molecular systematics in the genus Clintonia and related taxa based on rbcL and matK gene sequence data".
1252:, entire (smooth and even), linear, oval to filiform (thread-like), mostly with parallel veins, but occasionally net-veined. They are alternate (single and alternating direction) and
9243:
7547:
5511:
Chase, M.W.; Stevenson, D.W.; Wilkin, P.; Rudall, P.J. (1995). "Monocot systematics: A combined analysis". In Rudall, P.J.; Cribb, P.J.; Cutler, D.F.; Humphries, C.J. (eds.).
7756:
Botanique systématique des plantes à fleurs: une approche phylogénétique nouvelle des angiospermes des régions tempérées et tropicales (Systematic Botany of Flowering Plants)
4428:
Botanique systématique des plantes à fleurs: une approche phylogénétique nouvelle des angiospermes des régions tempérées et tropicales (Systematic Botany of Flowering Plants)
6546:
8659:
3169:
Viridiflora, and Rembrandt. In addition to blooming season, tulip varieties differ in shape and height, and exhibit a wide range of colours, both pure and in combination.
1901:, to more showy flowers, the production of capsular fruit and narrower parallel-veined leaves. Again, some reversal to the broader reticulate-veined leaves occurred (e.g.
9026:
3109:. The latter are used, in turn, to meet the demand for bulbs for parks, gardens, and home use and, secondly, to provide the necessary bulbs for cut flower production.
8068:
Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten
528:
epochs. Liliaceae are widely distributed, mainly in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and the flowers are insect pollinated. Many Liliaceae are important
8473:
7148:
5980:
1345:(12-13) have a small and variable number of chromosomes while subfamily Lilioideae have a larger and more stable chromosome number (12) as have the Medeoleae (7).
4677:
Monocots: Systematics and evolution (Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons, Sydney, Australia 1998)
7219:
8625:
7180:, lee-mo-tang and cyclosporine a inhibit ovalbumin-induced eosinophil accumulation and Th2-mediated bronchial hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of asthma"
2683:
The Liliaceae are ecologically diverse. Species of Liliaceae bloom at various times from spring to late summer. The colorful flowers produce large amounts of
6634:
6524:
6921:
3982:(‘with tulips’). Tulips first appeared in the decorative arts in Turkey in the thirteenth century and flourished under the Ottomans, in particular in the
3476:
are edible. Tulips can cause skin irritation due to the presence of tuliposides and tulipalins, which are also found in the flowers, leaves and stems of
8787:
4158:
3690:
ordered it to be grown at his imperial palaces. However, the name 'lily' has historically been applied to a wide variety of plants other than the genus
9117:
5528:
5489:
6576:
5388:
5109:
4400:
4215:
9059:
8980:
4717:
Furness, Carol A.; Rudall, Paula J. (November 2003). "Apertures with Lids: Distribution and Significance of Operculate Pollen in Monocotyledons".
13284:
13060:
9268:
8703:
5844:
5163:
4018:
Nevertheless, since then the tulip has become indelibly associated with the Netherlands and all things Dutch. it was during this period that the
3697:
The lily appears in ancient literature associated with both sovereignty and virginal innocence, and is mentioned on a number of occasions in the
9316:
7941:
Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l'art de décrire et d'etudier les végétaux
6092:
6203:
8955:
8849:
7640:
5948:
5260:
4248:
4190:
13112:
9599:
7890:
7878:
5514:
Monocotyledons: systematics and evolution (Proceedings of the International Symposium on Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution, Kew 1993)
5475:
Monocotyledons: systematics and evolution (Proceedings of the International Symposium on Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution, Kew 1993)
5291:
5135:
2076:
8497:
8165:
8142:
8119:
7969:
7945:
9226:
9202:
8019:
7919:
5216:
Li, H.J.; Jiang, Y.; Li, P. (October 2006). "Chemistry, bioactivity and geographical diversity of steroidal alkaloids from the Liliaceae".
3069:
and other displays, although in common with many bulbous flowering plants they are often induced to bloom indoors, particularly during the
8456:
8095:
8049:
7856:
3625:
6993:
6830:
9178:
7399:
7338:
4120:
9247:
8072:
7996:
7516:
6395:
5913:
2072:
7539:
6034:
1747:) subfamilies characterised by creeping rhizomes, styles which are divided at their apices, and by megagametophyte development of the
8804:
8642:
6172:
6007:
5874:
3730:
6611:
13008:
9647:
6362:
3437:(Easter Lily). Dogs may develop less serious effects such as gastrointestinal problems and central nervous system depression. Most
9284:
6550:
1482:) and sun loving genera. Shade-dwelling genera usually have broader leaves with smooth edges and net venation, and fleshy fruits (
13086:
13021:
9206:
8824:
5870:
5840:
2068:
2064:
8683:
8286:
9008:
8828:
7097:
Nomura, T.; Tsuchigami, A.; Ogita, S.; Kato, Y. (2013). "Molecular diversity of tuliposide A-converting enzyme in the tulip".
9144:
9086:
9034:
8677:
8586:
8558:
8530:
8424:
8396:
8363:
8335:
8314:
8280:
8237:
8204:
7820:
7792:
7764:
7731:
7698:
7510:
7436:
7373:
7260:
6957:
6748:
6721:
6462:
6225:
5817:
5783:
5744:
5522:
5483:
5364:
5103:
4923:
4852:
4816:
4689:
4644:
4603:
4562:
4518:
4484:
4435:
4386:
9150:
9092:
8870:
8592:
8430:
8369:
8210:
8161:
Vorträge über botanische Stammesgeschichte, gehalten an der Reichsuniversität zu Leiden. Ein Lehrbuch der Pflanzensystematik
7826:
7737:
7704:
7618:
7579:
7442:
6485:
5750:
5606:
4929:
4883:
4695:
4609:
13091:
8243:
7290:"Symbolism of plants: examples from European-Mediterranean culture presented with biology and history of art. JUNE: Lilies"
7266:
6874:
6679:
6429:
6261:
Dekker, Elise L.; Derks, Antonius F.L.M.; Asjes, Cees J.; Lemmers, Miriam E.C.; Bol, John F.; Langeveld, Simon A. (1993).
6117:
3380:, used to increase production in slower-growing varieties, in which multiple whole scales are detached from a single bulb.
1231:
is small (usually less than one quarter of seed volume), axile (radially sectioned), linear (longer than broad) or rarely
9382:
6708:. Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE), 2011 International Conference. pp. 8346–8349.
2549:
1191:(scar) is generally inconspicuous. The bitegmic (separate testa and tegmen) seed coat itself may be thin, suberose (like
8470:
7140:
3558:
1685:(genetic homogeneity) for the family Liliaceae, their morphology remains diverse and there exists within the Liliaceae
6706:
Micropropagation and bulblet growth of Lanzhou lily affected by plant growth regulators, sucrose and segments position
3794:(lily flower) has long been associated with royalty, although it may originally have been derived from the form of an
1490:, and small, inconspicuous flowers while genera native to sunny habitats usually have narrow, parallel-veined leaves,
9592:
8619:
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons, 31 Mar–4 Apr 2003
7612:
7227:
5430:"An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"
5333:
1187:
that were previously included in this family, and striate (parallel longitudinally ridged) in the Steptopoideae. The
3117:, which provides an indication of the economic importance of this activity. The main producer of tulip bulbs is the
950:
has only three petals, free from the other parts, but overlapping. The tepals are usually petaloid (petal like) and
13246:
13215:
8923:
6306:
5164:"Camas (Camassia spp.) and riceroot (Fritillaria spp.): two Liliaceous "root" foods of the Northwest Coast Indians"
3235:(bugle lily) that were previously classified in this family bear the name 'lily' but are neither part of the genus
8489:
The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution', trans. FW Oliver et al. from
7050:
Christensen, L.P.; Kristiansen, K. (1999). "Isolation and quantification of tuliposides and tulipalins in tulips (
6645:
6512:
13117:
13047:
8015:
The Vegetable Kingdom: or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system
6917:
5257:
The Vegetable Kingdom: or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system
1601:
of the family, and that it had expanded vastly, with many subdivisions. As he saw it, the Liliaceae were already
634:
13179:
8511:
13210:
8183:
The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny. 2 vols
2663:
provide examples of ornamental geophyte biomorphological types representing continental thermoperiodic zones (
13099:
9626:
8783:
6903:
6859:
4150:
3806:
but also into many heraldic devices in jurisdictions where there had been historic French influence, such as
3501:
9109:
5512:
5473:
3257:(crown imperial) available in a number of colours such as yellow or orange, to much smaller species such as
3177:
The largest area of production is also the Netherlands, with 76% of the global cultivated area, followed by
1641:(1985) suggested there were in fact forty – not one – families distributed over three orders (predominantly
602:
flower with perigonium of six undifferentiated tepals, arranged in two trimerous whorls and side-connected (
12827:
9652:
9642:
9585:
6572:
6136:
4301:"Phylogeny, concerted convergence, and phylogenetic niche conservatism in the core Liliales: insights from
3492:
2112:
2046:
1056:(hypogynous), syncarpous (with fused carpels), with three connate (fused) carpels and is trilocular (three
344:
9264:
8867:"The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval"
5403:
4880:"The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval"
3737:
are red lilies. The white lily has long been seen as a symbol of purity, coming to be associated with the
3707:
I am a rose of Sharon, a lily of the valleys. Like a lily among thorns is my darling among the young women
1715:
form one morphological group that is characterised by contractile bulbs and roots, and a Fritillaria-type
13073:
12909:
12904:
12891:
7569:
5086:. The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol. 3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp.
4369:. The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol. 3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp.
3734:
7907:
Genera Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam
4223:
4109:
Genera Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam
3403:. Bulb offsets usually require at least a year before flowering. Commercially, plants may be propagated
13279:
13174:
13000:
12974:
9354:
9051:
8972:
8947:
8700:"MONOCOTS V: 5th International Conference on Comparative Biology of Monocotyledons. New York July 2013"
6235:. Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. September 1990. Archived from
5918:
4999:
Tamura, M.N. (1995). "A karyological review of the orders Asparagales and Liliales (Monocotyledonae)".
4080:
3466:
1674:
1662:
1598:
1566:
1516:
217:
17:
13166:
8699:
6344:; David, John C.; Hall, Tony; Borland, Katherine; Roberts, Penelope S.; Tuomisto, Anne; Buerki, Sven;
5186:
1653:, the Liliaceae were subjected to more intense scrutiny. Considerable progress in plant phylogeny and
141:
13251:
13127:
13026:
9308:
8483:
7784:
The Development of Biological Systematics: Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu, Nature, and the Natural System
7648:
7502:
Tulipomania: The Story of the World's Most Coveted Flower & the Extraordinary Passions It Aroused
6199:
6057:
5325:
4027:
3611:
554:
in particular, face considerable herbivory pressure from deer in some areas, both wild and domestic.
6120:". In Brunt, A.A.; Crabtree, K.; Dallwitz, M.J.; Gibbs, A.J.; Watson, L.; and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.).
4184:
3968:
leaders originated from the steppes – moved to Persia, and then west, they took tulips with them to
920:(on a short secondary stem), generally large and showy but may be inconspicuous : (Medeoleae).
9637:
8845:
7687:; Campbell, Christopher S.; Kellogg, Elizabeth A.; Stevens, Peter F.; Donoghue, Michael J. (2007).
5944:
5283:
5252:
5131:
4256:
3973:
3819:
3106:
2058:
8487:
8159:
8136:
8112:
7962:
7939:
7887:
7875:
4104:
4045:
1143:) as in the Lilioideae, but occasionally septicidal (splitting between them, along the separating
12995:
9375:
8669:
8066:
8013:
7989:
6771:
Langston, Cathy E. (1 January 2002). "Acute renal failure caused by lily ingestion in six cats".
5288:
Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita. Vol III Part II
3978:
3757:
2648:
2038:
1947:
1072:
or three stigmata more or less elongated along the style. There are numerous anatropous (curved)
9222:
8450:
8089:
8043:
7905:
7850:
2995:
13153:
12969:
12844:
5809:
Late Cretaceous/Paleogene West Antarctica Terrestrial Biota and its Intercontinental Affinities
3443:
3265:
3253:
2005:
7390:
7330:
6981:
5773:
5087:
4804:
4552:
4508:
4474:
4370:
1549:) to denote the broader or stricter sense of the circumscription respectively, e.g. Liliaceae
784:
13148:
13065:
9174:
7500:
7428:
6897:
6853:
6635:"Standardization of in vitro Lily (Lilium spp.) plantlets for propagation and bulb formation"
6354:"Tiptoe through the tulips – cultural history, molecular phylogenetics and classification of
5807:
4840:
4632:
4075:
3449:
3259:
1982:
1681:
classification of the flowering plants by 2009. Despite establishing this relative degree of
1509:
1307:
713:
622:
580:
13140:
8739:
Peruzzi, Lorenzo; Jarvis, Charlie E. (2009). "Typification of Linnaean Names in Liliaceae".
6399:
5350:
4589:
4423:
1494:
fruits with wind-dispersed seeds, bulbs, and large, visually conspicuous flowers. (See also
12930:
8039:
6337:
6030:
3733:
were sometimes decorated with lilies. While predominantly depicted as white, those seen at
3534:
3360:
3318:
3121:, a country that accounts for 87% of the global cultivated area, with approximately 12,000
2906:
2791:
868:
8808:
8616:
6176:
6003:
5901:
5878:
1772:
with the Liliaceae separating 52 million years ago. Liliaceae thus arose during the late (
8:
12987:
12882:
6599:
6349:
4955:
4809:
Seed Biology: Volume 3. Insects, and seed collection, storage, testing, and certification
3922:
3472:
3423:
to household pets (bulb toxicosis) if eaten and may cause serious complications, such as
3156:
3110:
2839:
2771:
2620:
2616:
1317:
12961:
9577:
6644:. Nong Lam University (NLU), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. pp. 134–137. Archived from
3814:. In modern times it appears in many forms, symbolic and decorative, and can be used on
3619:
1239:) depending on placentation type, and straight, bent, curved or curled at the upper end.
832:
The Liliaceae are characterised as monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, bulbous (or
13274:
13233:
12982:
12667:
11885:
11777:
11401:
9888:
9632:
9431:
9368:
9360:
9292:
8910:
8758:
7481:
7122:
7079:
7067:
6153:
6084:
5806:
Goin, Francisco; Hospitaleche, Carolina Acosta; Dutra, Tania; Marenssi, Sergio (2012).
5704:
5658:
5633:
5598:
5318:
5057:
5030:
4785:
4742:
4734:
4392:
4338:
4325:
4300:
3686:). The cultivation of lilies has been described since at least the ninth century, when
3507:
3433:
3298:
3207:
2922:) resulting in 'breaking' of the color of the flowers. The viruses are transmitted by
2767:
2083:, but generally there are about fifteen to sixteen genera, depending on whether or not
1931:
1611:
1466:
1397:
1232:
1168:
679:
136:
9194:
3464:(peiminine), which may be deadly if ingested in quantity, while other species such as
2747:
consuming the plants, an impractical solution for most wild areas. Those of the genus
1860:) may have appeared in North America but were subsequently dispersed, as may have the
13135:
12917:
12624:
12423:
11975:
11835:
11764:
11687:
11568:
11454:
11371:
10736:
9727:
9663:
9140:
9082:
8915:
8673:
8634:
8615:
Columbus, J.T.; Friar, E.A.; Porter, J.M.; Prince, L.M.; Simpson, M.G., eds. (2006).
8582:
8554:
8526:
8519:
8420:
8392:
8359:
8331:
8310:
8276:
8267:
8233:
8200:
8138:
Genera of British plants arranged according to Engler's Syllabus der pflanzenfamilien
7935:
7911:
7816:
7788:
7760:
7727:
7694:
7608:
7506:
7432:
7369:
7362:
7311:
7256:
7201:
7196:
7171:
7114:
7071:
7032:
6953:
6788:
6744:
6717:
6458:
6284:
6157:
5813:
5779:
5740:
5712:
5663:
5563:
5518:
5479:
5446:
5429:
5360:
5354:
5329:
5233:
5099:
5062:
4981:
4976:
4959:
4919:
4848:
4812:
4685:
4640:
4599:
4558:
4514:
4480:
4431:
4396:
4382:
4330:
4112:
3752:
3337:
3314:
3050:
2782:
2644:
2612:
1955:
1658:
1524:
517:
505:
119:
9340:
9000:
7126:
7083:
6088:
5974:
4746:
4342:
4034:
are held around the world in the spring, the most famous of these is the display at
3983:
3715:
Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; they toil not, neither do they spin
1382:
compounds (allyl sulphides), another distinguishing feature from the characteristic
1179:
or one to two tails, rarely hairy, but may be dull or shiny and the lack of a black
717:
flower with three stigmata and pseudo-basifixed anthers surrounding the filament tip
13238:
12922:
12508:
12498:
12458:
12438:
12214:
12144:
12119:
12066:
11840:
11830:
11593:
11530:
11474:
11449:
11195:
11100:
11067:
10857:
10771:
10766:
10741:
10642:
10604:
10512:
10176:
10039:
10014:
10009:
9802:
9719:
9392:
8996:
8905:
8895:
8750:
7473:
7301:
7191:
7106:
7063:
7024:
6780:
6709:
6371:
6345:
6274:
6145:
6076:
5694:
5653:
5645:
5629:
5590:
5559:
5451:
5441:
5313:
5225:
5178:
5091:
5052:
5044:
5035:
5008:
4971:
4777:
4726:
4374:
4320:
3896:
3882:
3710:
3356:
3330:
3275:
is less common but a popular cultivar is 'Pagoda' with its sulphur yellow flowers.
3232:
3062:
2966:
varieties are popular ornamental flowers in public and private spaces in the spring
2867:
2468:
1884:
1637:
of the Liliaceae, but various schemes to divide the family gained little traction.
1623:
1586:
1491:
1284:
1280:
1136:
1006:
is usually monosulcate (single groove), but may be inaperturate (lacking aperture:
626:) with tepals in two clearly distinguished whorls of three sepals and three petals.
529:
509:
459:
432:
6236:
5775:
Paleobiology and Paleoenvironments of Eocene Rocks: McMurdo Sound, East Antarctica
5182:
4048:
in 1850, dealing with a contest to grow a black tulip in late seventeenth-century
3921:, and is used to denote God symbolically. Tulips became widely used in decorative
13225:
12896:
12789:
12576:
12443:
12428:
12008:
11895:
11875:
11870:
11860:
11825:
11641:
11636:
11436:
11406:
11376:
11260:
11225:
11185:
11160:
11150:
11110:
10862:
10751:
10634:
10609:
10504:
10476:
10466:
10259:
10229:
10171:
10156:
10019:
9845:
9752:
9609:
9515:
9134:
9076:
8866:
8741:
8617:"Symposium issue: Monocots: comparative biology and evolution (excluding Poales).
8576:
8548:
8477:
8414:
8386:
8353:
8325:
8227:
8194:
7894:
7882:
7810:
7782:
7754:
7721:
7688:
7602:
7573:
7422:
7250:
6947:
6738:
6489:
6452:
6341:
6263:"Characterization of potyviruses from tulip and lily which cause flower-breaking"
5970:
5734:
5578:
5095:
5081:
4911:
4879:
4675:
4593:
4378:
4364:
4040:
4008:
3987:
3957:
3747:
3649:
3385:
3350:
3226:
3220:
3138:
2577:
2333:
2034:
1865:
1777:
1740:
1638:
1616:
1437:
1367:
1360:
1192:
1188:
1097:
1069:
684:
641:
521:
452:
448:
297:
259:
179:
128:
109:
13104:
8045:
Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita
6080:
4761:
3836:
13202:
12781:
12771:
12753:
12725:
12687:
12677:
12629:
12596:
12586:
12581:
12503:
12453:
12400:
12385:
12270:
12184:
12124:
12114:
12018:
11920:
11855:
11845:
11805:
11787:
11588:
11515:
11303:
11265:
11220:
11155:
11130:
11105:
11049:
10963:
10731:
10678:
10614:
10471:
10363:
10340:
10302:
10279:
10269:
10072:
9934:
9873:
9737:
9542:
9244:"Where Have All the Lilies Gone? Long-Time Changin' in the Liliaceous Families"
8035:
6713:
6671:
6633:
Nhut, Duong Tan; Nguyen, Thi Doan Tam; Vu, Quoc Luan; Nguyen, Tri Minh (2006).
6421:
6279:
6262:
4031:
3942:
3908:
3525:
3424:
3389:
3251:
species are used as early spring ornamental flowers. These vary from the large
3202:
3161:
3137:. Approximately ten other countries produce commercial tulips, largely for the
3058:
2899:
2720:
2664:
2640:
2624:
2568:
2380:
2145:
2049:(APweb) recognizes three subfamilies, one of which is divided into two tribes.
1861:
1732:
1627:
1582:
1578:
1570:
1562:
1350:
1257:
1118:
1093:
1053:
933:
909:
791:
768:
493:
485:
395:
288:
166:
9001:"A Commentary on the General System of Classification of Flowering Plants, in"
8900:
6784:
2582:
725:
13268:
12763:
12692:
12662:
12639:
12634:
12619:
12571:
12538:
12533:
12468:
12262:
12247:
12194:
12174:
12134:
12129:
12109:
12071:
12023:
11970:
11960:
11940:
11935:
11930:
11925:
11880:
11795:
11772:
11754:
11722:
11707:
11669:
11573:
11553:
11469:
11464:
11459:
11391:
11386:
11366:
11351:
11313:
11308:
11255:
11245:
11240:
11190:
11170:
11145:
11135:
11036:
10958:
10938:
10877:
10872:
10852:
10786:
10756:
10716:
10624:
10619:
10566:
10436:
10398:
10373:
10345:
10330:
10274:
10254:
10249:
10166:
10133:
10100:
10095:
10090:
10064:
10054:
10044:
10024:
9994:
9926:
9893:
9883:
9850:
9840:
9830:
9699:
9681:
9613:
8638:
8190:
7684:
6058:"Introduced leaf beetles of the Maritime Provinces, 5: the lily leaf beetle,
5012:
4066:
4015:(tulipomania), from 1634 to 1637, similar to the Ottoman Empire's Tulip era.
3765:
bears a Madonna lily. Other symbolic meanings include glory, love and birth.
3702:
3675:
3334:
3289:
3190:
2652:
2587:
2321:
2085:
1997:
1773:
1383:
1261:
1200:
913:
862:
265:
239:
192:
73:
3717:" to represent beauty. Artistic representations can be found as far back as
1689:
or grouping, a number of subclades (subgroups). Particularly enigmatic were
13192:
12867:
12702:
12697:
12682:
12672:
12611:
12493:
12478:
12448:
12405:
12395:
12349:
12326:
12316:
12288:
12189:
12169:
12139:
12081:
12028:
11950:
11905:
11865:
11820:
11810:
11800:
11692:
11661:
11626:
11611:
11525:
11520:
11426:
11180:
11175:
11140:
11120:
11095:
11082:
11072:
11044:
11001:
10996:
10953:
10920:
10905:
10867:
10844:
10781:
10776:
10761:
10726:
10708:
10660:
10599:
10594:
10586:
10461:
10421:
10355:
10335:
10325:
10317:
10284:
10244:
10191:
10186:
10181:
10123:
10118:
10082:
9999:
9878:
9835:
9732:
9709:
9673:
9451:
8919:
7985:
7915:
7315:
7205:
7118:
7075:
7036:
6792:
5716:
5667:
5649:
5237:
5066:
4985:
4334:
4116:
3965:
3846:
3815:
3795:
3784:
3774:
3516:
3512:
3377:
3370:
3165:
3150:
3074:
2740:
2214:
2108:
Currently the APWeb lists fifteen genera, arranged as shown in this table:
1889:
1810:
1765:
1678:
1654:
1602:
1590:
1520:
1454:
1077:
544:
if eaten and can have adverse health effects in humans and household pets.
533:
352:
306:
251:
13078:
8658:
Anders Barfod; Jerrold I. Davis; Gitte Petersen; Ole Seberg, eds. (2010).
7028:
6288:
6124:
Version: 20 August 1996. Retrieved from Internet Archive on 16 March 2014.
5869:
5839:
2029:, many attempts have been made to form suprageneric classifications, e.g.
1887:
in the more open autumnal period, but then a return of some species (e.g.
1156:
761:
706:
13034:
12876:
12657:
12553:
12513:
12488:
12483:
12473:
12341:
12331:
12321:
12303:
12252:
12204:
12199:
12179:
12159:
12086:
12013:
11955:
11910:
11850:
11815:
11712:
11702:
11646:
11558:
11497:
11492:
11444:
11416:
11396:
11356:
11338:
11298:
11293:
11288:
11205:
11200:
11165:
11059:
11016:
10991:
10915:
10887:
10882:
10721:
10698:
10683:
10652:
10571:
10446:
10426:
10388:
10239:
10234:
10211:
10196:
10138:
10128:
10034:
10029:
9981:
9898:
9822:
9807:
9784:
9779:
9704:
9691:
9524:
9493:
9465:
9458:
8887:
7306:
7289:
6704:
Zhang, Tao; Liang, Jing-long; Zou, Yan; Li, Ron-chong (24–26 June 2011).
6302:
6175:. Purdue University: Plant and Pest Diagnostic Laboratory. Archived from
5048:
4070:
4061:
4012:
4003:
3946:
3938:
3934:
3860:
3831:
3811:
3742:
3738:
3687:
3671:
3589:
3583:
3553:
3488:
3438:
3277:
3271:
3194:
3118:
3102:
3039:
3033:
3021:
2985:
2927:
2889:
2872:
2852:
2798:
Liliaceae are subject to a wide variety of diseases and pests, including
2755:
2708:
2576:
for plant family names in modern taxonomy. The genus name comes from the
2438:
2355:
2300:
2240:
2227:
2030:
1880:
1828:
1814:
1802:
1769:
1731:). The other major grouping consists of the five genera constituting the
1650:
1646:
1594:
1425:
1410:
1392:
1371:
1302:
1270:
1147:) in the Calachortoideae and wind dispersed, although the Medeoleae form
1106:
970:
964:
951:
917:
833:
537:
48:
9335:
8762:
3419:
have been used as food sources in humans, the bulbs of some species are
1974:
1661:
to be constructed for all of the flowering plants, as elaborated by the
653:
12740:
12730:
12707:
12591:
12528:
12463:
12390:
12367:
12293:
12239:
12149:
12003:
11990:
11965:
11945:
11697:
11679:
11651:
11621:
11616:
11548:
11507:
11484:
11421:
11411:
11361:
11346:
11275:
11230:
11215:
11125:
11026:
11006:
10968:
10948:
10670:
10576:
10456:
10441:
10431:
10161:
10110:
10049:
10004:
9855:
9812:
9771:
9762:
9565:
9486:
9406:
9198:
8754:
7485:
7110:
5708:
5602:
5456:
4845:
Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination
4789:
3538:
3461:
3454:
2847:
2827:
2563:
2417:
2288:
2135:
2131:
1987:
1806:
1716:
1709:
1533:
1405:
1387:
1322:
1276:
1249:
1224:
1220:
1184:
1180:
1111:
1101:
1089:
983:
929:
887:(multiple blooms), the flowers are arranged in a cluster or rarely are
467:
426:. Individual species and genera may have more or less derived formulas.
315:
225:
93:
58:
8550:
Morphology of Flowers and Inflorescences (trans. Richard J. Pankhurst)
8446:
7464:
Harvey, John H. (Autumn 1976). "Turkey as a Source of Garden Plants".
6376:
6353:
4738:
4637:
Morphology of Flowers and Inflorescences (trans. Richard J. Pankhurst)
3998:
By 1562 the tulip trade had reached Europe with the first shipment to
2974:
916:(radially symmetric) or slightly zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetric),
795:
flower showing multiple connate (fused) carpels surrounded by stamens.
13039:
12956:
12943:
12748:
12717:
12649:
12518:
12377:
12359:
12311:
12280:
12209:
12154:
12091:
12076:
12061:
11998:
11980:
11915:
11890:
11727:
11631:
11583:
11563:
11210:
11115:
11090:
10561:
10553:
10451:
10416:
10393:
10383:
10368:
10307:
10264:
10224:
9971:
9903:
9794:
9558:
9551:
9531:
9424:
9415:
6642:
Proceedings of International Workshop on Biotechnology in Agriculture
6029:
University of California, Integrated Pest Management (January 2014).
6002:
University of California, Integrated Pest Management (January 2014).
5229:
4035:
4019:
3992:
3571:
3569:
during starvation. Other members of the family used for food include
3420:
3400:
3198:
3054:
3045:
2932:
2894:
2696:
2591:
2553:
2404:
2391:
2368:
2163:
2151:
2141:
2079:, DELTA ) differ on the exact number of genera included in Liliaceae
1923:
1873:
1849:
1845:
1819:
1785:
1781:
1749:
1728:
1712:
1682:
1634:
1478:
1472:
1460:
1448:
1442:
1421:
1236:
1212:
1196:
1160:
1047:
946:
884:
841:
837:
688:
660:
541:
525:
501:
474:
463:
98:
42:
13052:
13013:
12838:
7690:
Plant systematics: a phylogenetic approach. (1st ed. 1999, 2nd 2002)
7477:
6982:"Mode of action and toxicology of plant toxins and poisonous plants"
6122:
Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database.
5699:
5682:
5594:
4781:
3779:
3642:
3333:
and can take five to eight years to produce flowering plants. Since
954:(free) with lines (striate) or marks in other colors or shades. The
591:
532:, widely grown for their attractive flowers and involved in a major
13187:
12861:
12601:
12523:
12433:
12415:
12164:
12101:
12053:
12043:
11900:
11717:
11603:
11578:
11540:
11381:
11250:
11235:
11021:
11011:
10986:
10943:
10910:
10819:
10746:
10543:
10526:
10378:
10294:
10148:
9963:
9953:
9865:
6149:
4954:
Leitch, I.J.; Beaulieu, J.M.; Cheung, K.; Hanson, L.; Lysak, M.A.;
4730:
3850:
3803:
3457:
3404:
3122:
2981:
1894:
1823:
1642:
1619:
1606:
1487:
1375:
1356:
1288:
1216:
1204:
1115:
955:
941:
925:
497:
478:
455:
333:
202:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
12948:
8416:
Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production
7364:
France in the Middle Ages 987-1460: From Hugh Capet to Joan of Arc
7015:
Sasseville, D. (2009). "Dermatitis from plants of the new world".
5736:
Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production
3399:
of the parent plant and thus maintaining genetic integrity of the
3353:: Daughter bulbs that form on the mother bulb and can be detached.
3305:
1708:
Of the fifteen genera within the Liliaceae, the ten genera of the
1002:
longitudinally and are extrorse (dehiscing away from center). The
672:
12563:
12229:
11328:
11283:
10978:
10930:
10897:
10811:
10535:
10481:
9989:
9442:
9195:"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants"
4049:
4023:
3999:
3961:
3930:
3878:
3802:
kings. Consequently, it became incorporated into not only French
3762:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3577:
3396:
3340:
occurs, overlapping wild populations can create natural hybrids.
3293:
3097:
Tulips have been cultivated since at least the tenth century in
2823:
2811:
2799:
2636:
2188:
2176:
2025:
Due to the diversity of the originally broadly defined Liliaceae
2010:
1869:
1793:
1633:
Many other botanists echoed Lindley's earlier concerns about the
1574:
1483:
1401:
1379:
1363:
1312:
1164:
1148:
999:
989:
904:
489:
444:
324:
268:
242:
103:
78:
3666:), has a long history in literature and art, and a tradition of
744:
10834:
10801:
10408:
10219:
9500:
9479:
9349:
7604:
Tulipmania: money, honor, and knowledge in the Dutch golden age
3969:
3953:
3900:
3873:
3807:
3799:
3679:
3667:
3662:
3562:
3547:
3407:
and then planted out to grow into plants large enough to sell.
3366:
3178:
3134:
3130:
3098:
3085:
3079:
3070:
3066:
3027:
3015:
2923:
2858:
2807:
2803:
2749:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2573:
2558:
2450:
2444:
2312:
2275:
2091:
1960:
1936:
1834:
1798:
1789:
1719:(megagametophyte with four megaspores). Within the Lilioideae,
1649:). In the context of a general review of the classification of
1416:
1296:
1266:
1253:
1244:
1208:
1144:
1140:
1073:
1057:
1003:
975:
959:
937:
921:
896:
872:
732:
692:
614:
598:
572:
550:
481:
233:
5080:
Tamura, M.N. (1998). "Calochortaceae". In Kubitzki, K. (ed.).
1753:-type (a simple megaspore and triploid endosperm) embryo-sac.
27:
Family of flowering plants in order Liliales, including lilies
13161:
12935:
9472:
7812:
Plant Taxonomy: The Systematic Evaluation of Comparative Data
7389:
Michaud, Joseph Fr.; Poujoulat, Jean Joseph François (1836).
7144:
6336:
5805:
4681:
3926:
3917:
3864:
3841:
3698:
3530:
3211:, whose white flowers are associated with purity and Easter.
3186:
3182:
3126:
3114:
2926:. This breaking effect was of economic importance during the
2819:
2815:
2716:
2712:
2704:
2632:
2628:
2598:
2432:
2253:
2101:
1964:
1840:
1686:
1528:
1228:
1172:
1152:
1130:
978:
is produced in perigonal nectaries at the base of the tepals.
888:
696:
440:
153:
4918:(2 ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 490–494.
4155:
Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 12, September 28, 2013
3995:", by which time they were becoming of economic importance.
3329:
Seeds can be used for propagation of the plant or to create
3113:
in cut flowers has an approximate total value of 11 billion
2957:
2115:
Distribution of subfamilies, tribes and genera of Liliaceae
1872:
have been dated to the Paleogene and Cretaceous eras in the
968:) or dichlamydeous (two separate and different whorls, e.g.
803:
8661:
Diversity, Phylogeny, and Evolution in the Monocotyledons (
8269:
Lilies and related plants. 2007-2008 75th Anniversary Issue
5634:"Evolution of the angiosperms: calibrating the family tree"
5290:. Vol. 3. London: L Reeve & Co. pp. 748–836.
4084:
3945:
in particular, and were revered in poetry, such as that of
3877:) also have a long cultural tradition, particularly in the
3566:
3393:
2835:
2831:
2736:
2732:
2700:
2540:
2534:
2525:
2519:
2510:
2504:
2495:
2489:
2483:
1898:
1176:
845:
471:
5674:
5510:
5320:
An integrated system of classification of flowering plants
4953:
3281:(mariposa lily) may be sold as a mixture or as cultivars.
1727:
form a subclade, and are now considered a separate tribe (
1668:
1171:. The exterior may be smooth or roughened, with a wing or
9607:
8807:. Germplasm Resources Information Network. Archived from
8726:
Kelch, D.G. (2000). "What happened to the lily family?".
7096:
6672:"Multiplication of Tulip Bulb by Tissue Culture in vitro"
5549:
4363:
Tamura, M.N. (1998). "Liliaceae". In Kubitzki, K. (ed.).
3428:
3148:
species can be obtained for ornamental purposes, such as
2887:
are susceptible to a group of five viruses of the family
2477:
1630:, making this one of the largest monocotyledon families.
9390:
6028:
6001:
5772:
Stilwell, Jeffrey D.; Feldmann, Rodney M., eds. (2000).
2611:
The Liliaceae are widely distributed, but mainly in the
1541:
are frequently used (together with their abbreviations,
1301:
The Liliaceae include a species with one of the largest
924:
may (bracteate) or may not (ebracteate) be present. The
772:
pollen with typical single-grooved (monosulcate) pattern
6260:
5627:
4805:"3. Seed collecting and identification - 35. Liliaceae"
4673:
3205:. One particularly important crop is the production of
2041:
have taken a narrower view of the Liliaceae (Liliaceae
1408:
and solanthrene alkaloids have been isolated from some
7049:
6884:: 728–729. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014
6773:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
6069:
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington
5470:
5028:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4663:
3976:. Today there are a number of places in Turkey called
4222:. Ecological Society of America. 2004. Archived from
4026:
vase for growing tulips indoors was devised, and the
2537:
2531:
2522:
2516:
2507:
2501:
2492:
2471:
484:(undifferentiated petals and sepals) arranged in two
7540:"How A Turkish Blossom Enflamed the Dutch Landscape"
7382:
6191:
4949:
4947:
4422:
Spichiger, Rodolphe; Perret, Mathieu, eds. (2004) .
2838:. An important horticultural and garden pest is the
2480:
2474:
1883:, with subsequent evolution to open areas including
1597:, unhappily acknowledged the great diversity in the
500:. First described in 1789, the lily family became a
9265:"Liliaceae Segregated According to Brummitt (1992)"
9246:. Prince William Wildflower Society. Archived from
7398:. Éditeur du Commentaire analytique du Code civil.
5029:Peruzzi, L.; Leitch, I.J.; Caparelli, K.F. (2009).
4877:
4660:
2486:
1569:in 1789. Jussieu defined this grouping as having a
1125:, a characteristic shared by all the core Liliales.
1060:, or chambers) or unilocular (single locule, as in
8518:
8275:. London: Royal Horticultural Society Lily Group.
7753:Rodolphe Spichiger; Mathieu Perret, eds. (2004) .
7361:
7252:The Encyclopedia of Edible Plants of North America
7184:Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology
6840:: 331. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014
6632:
5683:"Age and biogeography of major clades in Liliales"
5504:
5464:
5317:
4430:. Lausanne: Science Publishers. pp. 118–119.
1615:300 genera and 4,500 species within the
940:arranged into two separate whorls of three parts (
879:); sometimes reduced to a single terminal flower (
9075:Walters, Stuart Max; Cullen, James, eds. (1986).
8848:. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
6806:Hall, J. (1992). "Nephrotoxicity of Easter Lily (
6393:
5947:. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
5031:"Chromosome diversity and evolution in Liliaceae"
4944:
4294:
3073:months. They also form a significant part of the
1167:(spherical), or compressed with a well developed
1139:that is usually loculicidal (splitting along the
13266:
8307:Der große Zander. Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
8091:Das Pflanzenreich: regni vegetablilis conspectus
7388:
5771:
5680:
5517:. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. pp. 685–730.
5478:. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. pp. 109–137.
5342:
4298:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4274:
3952:Tulips were an essential part of the gardens of
3818:to indicate the direction north, as well as the
3729:. Early Christian churches, such as that of the
3480:. These are also toxic to a variety of animals.
1626:(1981). Cronquist merged the Liliaceae with the
8413:Kamenetsky, Rina; Okubo, Hiroshi, eds. (2012).
8065:Engler, Adolf; Prantl, Karl, eds. (1887–1915).
7287:
6703:
6565:
6539:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6326:
6324:
5733:Kamenetsky, Rina; Okubo, Hiroshi, eds. (2012).
5732:
5579:"The Phylogenetic Taxonomy of Flowering Plants"
5024:
5022:
4960:"Punctuated genome size evolution in Liliaceae"
4633:"1.4.4 The undifferentiated perianth (perigon)"
4421:
3053:worldwide. Within these genera a wide range of
1677:) made rapid progress in establishing a modern
1436:Characteristics often vary by habitat, between
10503:
8578:Beyond Cladistics: The Branching of a Paradigm
7329:de Sauvages, Pierre Augustin Boissier (1756).
7288:Kandeler, Riklef; Ullrich, Wolfram R. (2009).
7054:) by high-performance liquid chromatography".
5893:
5871:Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN)
5863:
5841:Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
5833:
5306:
5161:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4189:. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. i 302.
4144:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4038:. One of the better-known novels on tulips is
4011:which eventually collapsed, a period known as
3164:, and tend to be smaller plants but better at
2457:
1916:Examples of the four subdivisions of Liliaceae
9593:
9376:
8869:. DELTA – DEscription Language for TAxonomy.
8575:Williams, D. M.; Knapp, Sandra, eds. (2010).
6946:Reichl, Franz-Xaver; Ritter, Leonard (2010).
6549:. Royal Horticultural Society. Archived from
6488:. North American Lily Society. Archived from
6197:
5728:
5726:
5681:Vinnersten, A.; Bremer, K. (September 2001).
5281:
4882:. DELTA – DEscription Language for TAxonomy.
4716:
4271:
3890:
2753:are particularly palatable, while species in
2037:. Classifications published since the use of
1758:
1183:distinguishes them from related taxa such as
1068:). There is a single style and a three lobed
400:Flowers actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic
9925:
9203:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
7842:
7633:
7322:
6945:
6454:Tulips: Species and Hybrids for the Gardener
6321:
6295:
6200:"The Virus that Destroyed the Dutch Economy"
5543:
5421:
5162:Turner, Nancy; Kuhnlein, Harriet V. (1983).
5073:
5019:
4838:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4210:
4208:
4030:was replete with images of tulips. Although
3972:, where many escaped cultivation and became
3321:. Commercial cultivars are usually sterile.
2870:moth. A major pest of Tulips is the fungus,
2454:(75 species), all within the tribe Lilieae.
2020:
9031:Flora of Hawaii & Plant Family Profiles
7328:
7212:
7043:
6389:
6387:
6055:
5969:
5778:. American Geophysical Union. p. 162.
5348:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5124:
4992:
4839:Baskin, Carol C.; Baskin, Jerry M. (2001).
4500:
4349:
4216:"Ecological Impacts of High Deer Densities"
4135:
3745:, from which came the name ‘Madonna lily’ (
2631:. Their distribution is diverse, mainly in
2606:
9600:
9586:
9383:
9369:
8358:(2 ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
8330:(3 ed.). Cambridge University Press.
8141:(7 ed.). Cambridge University Press.
7014:
7008:
6872:
6699:
6697:
6575:. Pacific Bulb Society. 26 November 2011.
5914:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
5723:
5577:Bessey, Charles E. (February–April 1915).
4873:
4871:
4557:(3 ed.). Cambridge University Press.
4220:Teaching Issues and Experiments in Ecology
3867:ca. 1600, with tulips, roses and hyacinths
1908:
1110:). Embryo sacs in which three of the four
118:
9116:. Australian Biological Resources Study.
8909:
8899:
8831:. Integrated Taxonomic Information System
8517:Walters, Dirk R.; Keil, David J. (1996).
7305:
7195:
6941:
6939:
6910:
6669:
6663:
6414:
6375:
6278:
6170:
6164:
5765:
5698:
5657:
5455:
5445:
5349:Walters, Dirk R.; Keil, David J. (1996).
5312:
5215:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5056:
4975:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4796:
4630:
4624:
4595:Plant Systematics: An Integrated Approach
4583:
4581:
4550:
4527:
4324:
4205:
3626:Meister des Frankfurter Paradiesgärtleins
3101:. Tulip production has two main markets:
1195:), or crustaceous (hard or brittle). The
8865:Watson, L.; Dallwitz, M.J. (1992–2014).
8226:Takhtadzhi︠a︡n, Armen Leonovich (2009).
7607:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
7537:
7531:
7505:. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 36–.
7492:
7281:
6770:
6764:
6384:
6363:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
6110:
5899:
5621:
5434:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
5244:
5150:
4878:Watson, L.; Dallwitz, M.J. (1992–2014).
4598:. Science Publishers. pp. 351–352.
4468:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4415:
4243:
4241:
4182:
3855:
3835:
3778:
3373:bulbs formed on the parent plant's stem.
3304:
3288:
2781:
2766:
1893:). This was accompanied by a shift from
1325:numbers vary by genus. Some genera like
1203:(fleshy) or horny and contains oils and
12041:
9033:. University of Hawai'i. Archived from
8385:Reddy S. M.; et al., eds. (2007).
7600:
7248:
7242:
6694:
6604:Pacific Northwest Lily Society Bulletin
6597:
6591:
6450:
6444:
6198:Inglis-Arkell, Esther (27 April 2012).
6134:Garber, Peter M. (1989). "Tulipmania".
5976:Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
5583:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
5427:
5250:
4868:
4719:International Journal of Plant Sciences
4710:
4506:
4472:
4299:Patterson, T.B.; Givnish, T.J. (2002).
4102:
4069:, for instance as the county flower of
3701:, such as the description in Solomon's
3343:
1669:Modern APG classification and phylogeny
736:with longitudinal dehiscence of anthers
14:
13285:Extant Maastrichtian first appearances
13267:
10810:
7463:
7457:
7420:
7414:
7090:
6936:
6873:Van Winkle, Elizabeth (October 2005).
6866:
6828:
6822:
6740:The Complete Book of Plant Propagation
6736:
6730:
6510:
6504:
6254:
6218:
6133:
6127:
6098:from the original on 23 September 2015
6062:(Scopoli) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)"
6022:
5995:
5609:from the original on 27 September 2019
5576:
5570:
5259:. London: Bradbury. pp. 200–205.
5204:
5079:
4998:
4909:
4898:
4832:
4759:
4753:
4578:
4362:
4096:
3731:Basilica of Sant' Apollinare in Classe
3324:
2762:
2723:by wind and water. Some species (e.g.
2586:, "lily", which in turn came from the
2003:Streptopoideae: Leaves and berries of
1561:The family Liliaceae was described by
1287:(stem attached before apex), and lack
1022:spp.), and reticulate (net patterned:
12843:
12842:
10799:
9581:
9364:
9271:from the original on 11 November 2013
9229:from the original on 19 February 2014
9120:from the original on 16 February 2014
9011:from the original on 23 February 2014
8926:from the original on 22 February 2014
8886:Desmet, Peter; Brouilet, Luc (2010).
8459:from the original on 27 February 2014
8305:Erhardt, Walter; et al. (2008).
8122:from the original on 25 February 2014
8052:from the original on 25 February 2014
7972:from the original on 24 February 2014
7948:from the original on 25 February 2014
7888:Table of 1615 genera, Part II: Page 8
7876:Table of 58 families, Part II: Page 1
7666:
7582:from the original on 1 September 2020
7568:
7562:
7550:from the original on 27 February 2014
7133:
6432:from the original on 27 December 2013
6206:from the original on 27 February 2014
6049:
5925:from the original on 1 September 2020
5386:
5380:
5294:from the original on 25 February 2014
5275:
5263:from the original on 1 September 2020
4587:
4451:
4238:
4193:from the original on 1 September 2017
4178:
4176:
4123:from the original on 19 November 2011
3065:. They are generally used in outdoor
2675:, others prefer a more open habitat.
2379:
2332:
1585:, and a trilocular (three-chambered)
13216:e9650979-d7a8-41f4-ae35-0d3cbda3bc32
13167:478AC4A9-D409-FADE-31CA-E99CF6F3E971
13128:ae3f9af3-deab-4ab5-81b2-95271baca3df
9209:from the original on 4 November 2013
9181:from the original on 2 February 2014
8852:from the original on 10 October 2019
8790:from the original on 2 February 2014
8706:from the original on 24 October 2013
8645:from the original on 16 January 2014
8433:from the original on 24 October 2017
8372:from the original on 9 February 2017
8246:from the original on 3 November 2013
8193:; Clifford, H.T.; Yeo, P.F. (1985).
8158:Lotsy, Johannes Paulus (1907–1911).
8098:from the original on 18 January 2014
7999:from the original on 4 December 2013
7904:Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de (1789).
7829:from the original on 1 November 2015
7498:
7359:
7353:
7169:
7163:
7151:from the original on 22 January 2014
6979:
6973:
6924:from the original on 1 February 2014
6805:
6799:
6626:
6614:from the original on 24 January 2014
6527:from the original on 1 November 2014
6513:"Fritillaria and the Pacific Garden"
6478:
6037:from the original on 1 February 2014
6010:from the original on 1 February 2014
5951:from the original on 10 October 2019
5937:
5799:
5753:from the original on 24 October 2017
5138:from the original on 1 February 2014
4932:from the original on 9 February 2017
4802:
4249:"Will Deer Eat Hostas & Lilies?"
4103:Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de (1789).
3915:is written with the same letters as
516:The family evolved approximately 68
9108:Brittan, N.H.; et al. (1987).
8719:
7787:. Columbia University Press, 2013.
7269:from the original on 3 January 2014
5963:
5851:from the original on 7 January 2014
5531:from the original on 5 January 2014
5492:from the original on 5 January 2014
5253:"Order LXII: Liliaceae - Lilyworts"
5112:from the original on 27 August 2020
4403:from the original on 27 August 2020
4161:from the original on 3 January 2014
4148:
3891:
3761:(1472–1475) in which the archangel
3545:, hunger winter 1944) led to using
3013:Many species of Lilieae (in genera
2866:species may be food plants for the
2550:international scientific vocabulary
1275:cauline (arranged along the aerial
645:with three sepals resembling petals
24:
13180:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000259-2
9114:Flora of Australia Online. vol. 45
9095:from the original on 23 March 2017
8958:from the original on 14 March 2014
8581:. University of California Press.
8496:. New York: Holt. p. 4: 603.
8196:The families of the monocotyledons
8075:from the original on 14 April 2015
7922:from the original on 24 March 2020
7740:from the original on 27 April 2016
7693:(3 ed.). Sinauer Associates.
7538:Upchurch, Michael (4 March 2001).
7335:Languedocien Dictionnaire François
7068:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06080.x
6996:from the original on 18 March 2014
6949:Illustrated Handbook of Toxicology
6579:from the original on 18 March 2014
6309:from the original on 18 March 2014
6171:Beckerman, Janna (18 April 2011).
5282:Bentham, G.; Hooker, J.D. (1883).
4698:from the original on 6 August 2020
4326:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01334.x
4173:
3956:, having been cultivated from the
3617:Lilies (far right) growing in the
3523:bulbs, particularly Lanzhou lily (
3125:. Other leading producers include
2786:17th-century painting of affected
2039:molecular methods in phylogenetics
1100:) varies by genera, but is mainly
25:
13296:
9319:from the original on 25 June 2012
9062:from the original on 2 March 2014
8983:from the original on 6 March 2012
8595:from the original on 21 June 2020
8500:from the original on 4 March 2014
8309:. Stuttgart: Verlag Eugen Ulmer.
8292:from the original on 17 July 2016
8213:from the original on 30 June 2019
8168:from the original on 4 March 2014
8145:from the original on 4 March 2014
8022:from the original on 4 March 2014
7859:from the original on 4 March 2014
7707:from the original on 25 July 2020
7621:from the original on 6 April 2019
7445:from the original on 30 June 2020
7402:from the original on 29 June 2014
7341:from the original on 30 June 2014
7220:"Lily Bulb – Exotic Chinese Food"
5083:Flowering Plants · Monocotyledons
4513:. Academic Press. pp. 180–.
4366:Flowering Plants · Monocotyledons
4079:, the sego lily, is the official
3683:
2699:them (entomophily), particularly
1211:(non-farinaceous). Its cells are
974:) and may be united into a tube.
12823:
12822:
9391:
9348:
9334:
7759:. Lausanne: Science Publishers.
7519:from the original on 7 July 2014
7197:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00043.x
7170:Yeum, H.S.; et al. (2007).
6682:from the original on 20 May 2013
6305:. UniProt Consortium: Taxonomy.
6303:"Rembrandt tulip-breaking virus"
6056:Majka, C.G.; LeSage, L. (2008).
5983:from the original on 25 May 2020
5564:10.1046/j.1442-1984.2001.00057.x
5447:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
4977:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01416.x
4612:from the original on 13 May 2016
3641:
3610:
3533:and other parts of Asia. During
2994:
2973:
2956:
2735:structure that are dispersed by
2467:
1996:
1973:
1946:
1922:
1879:The Liliaceae probably arose as
1673:The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (
1573:of six equal colored parts, six
1291:. The aerial stem is unbranched.
802:
783:
760:
743:
724:
705:
671:
652:
633:
613:
590:
571:
540:and dry bulbs. Some species are
140:
46:
9173:Stephen Downie; Ken Robertson.
9153:from the original on 7 May 2020
8873:from the original on 9 May 2008
8266:Boisset, Caroline, ed. (2007).
8088:Adolf Engler, ed. (1900–1968).
7961:Gray, Samuel Frederick (1821).
7781:Stevens, Peter Francis (2013).
7594:
7499:Dash, Mike (10 February 2010).
7017:European Journal of Dermatology
6831:"Easter lily toxicosis in cats"
6396:"Global flower bulb production"
4964:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
4886:from the original on 9 May 2008
3768:
3721:from the second century BC, at
3541:conditions in the Netherlands (
3415:While members of the Liliaceae
3269:with their chequered patterns.
3008:
1929:Medeoleae: Leaves and fruit of
1486:) with animal-dispersed seeds,
1429:
1260:(three or more attached at one
958:is either homochlamydeous (all
871:(lacking terminal flower) as a
840:) flowering plants with simple
9139:. Cambridge University Press.
9081:. Cambridge University Press.
7677:
7226:. 24 June 2009. Archived from
6116:Phillips, S. (1996 onwards). "
5900:Govaerts, Rafaël, ed. (2011).
5628:Wikström, N.; Savolainen, V.;
3284:
2942:
2937:Rembrandt tulip-breaking virus
2247:– fritillary or mission bells
1565:in 1763 and formally named by
1496:
1155:may be flat, oblong, angular,
821:
557:
13:
1:
9339:The dictionary definition of
8786:. Missouri Botanical Garden.
7815:. Columbia University Press.
6812:Proc Annu Meet Am Vet Int Med
6810:) when ingested by the cat".
5183:10.1080/03670244.1983.9990754
5171:Ecology of Food and Nutrition
4592:. In Singh, Gurcharan (ed.).
4090:
3629:
3502:bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae
3410:
3162:species, or botanical, tulips
1321:is as small as 4.25 pg.
1014:spp.) or operculate (lidded:
844:(root hairs) and contractile
8775:
8324:Mabberley, David J. (2013).
8135:Carter, Humphrey G. (1912).
8048:. London: L Reeve & Co.
7720:Simpson, Michael G. (2011).
7255:. McGraw Hill Professional.
6137:Journal of Political Economy
5096:10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7_22
4807:. In Kozlowski, T.T. (ed.).
4551:Mabberley, David J. (2013).
4507:Simpson, Michael G. (2006).
4473:Simpson, Michael G. (2011).
4379:10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7_41
4028:Golden Age of Dutch Painting
3493:traditional Chinese medicine
2790:'Semper Augustus', showing '
2592:
2047:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
1848:at about the same time. The
1788:periods. Major evolutionary
695:, 4. filament, 5.
664:flower with patterned tepals
7:
8608:
8199:. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
7647:. Plantlife. Archived from
6737:Heuser, Charles W. (1997).
6600:"Growing Lilies from Seeds"
6511:McGary, Jane (April 2012).
6267:Journal of General Virology
6233:Report on Plant Disease 634
6081:10.4289/0013-8797-110.1.186
4639:. CUP Archive. p. 87.
3825:
3751:). A well-known example is
3601:
3239:, or the family Liliaceae.
3160:. These are referred to as
2842:(Japanese red lily beetle,
2458:Etymology and pronunciation
2269:– yellow star-of-Bethlehem
1980:Calochortoideae: Flower of
1503:
856:
565:Liliaceae floral morphology
10:
13301:
9177:. University of Illinois.
9166:
8484:Kerner von Marilaun, Anton
8259:
7249:Couplan, François (1998).
6714:10.1109/RSETE.2011.5964101
6338:Christenhusz, Maarten J.M.
6280:10.1099/0022-1317-74-5-881
6226:"Tulip breaking or mosaic"
5919:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
5402:(2): 23–29. Archived from
4762:"A monograph of the genus
4680:. Collingwood, Australia:
4055:
3829:
3772:
3596:
3467:Fritillaria camschatcensis
3453:) bulbs contain poisonous
3431:from Lilies, particularly
3309:Seeds of Liliaceae species
2904:group, which includes the
2678:
2599:
2339:(synonyms: Calochortaceae
2194:(synonyms: Erythroniaceae
2130:
2063:Various authorities (e.g.
2056:
1822:about 12 mya and the
1759:Evolution and biogeography
1663:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
1567:Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
1556:
1507:
827:
578:Section through flower of
12851:
12818:
12780:
12762:
12739:
12716:
12648:
12610:
12562:
12551:
12414:
12376:
12358:
12340:
12302:
12279:
12261:
12238:
12227:
12100:
12052:
11989:
11786:
11763:
11752:
11678:
11660:
11602:
11539:
11506:
11483:
11435:
11337:
11326:
11274:
11081:
11058:
11035:
10977:
10929:
10896:
10843:
10832:
10828:
10707:
10696:
10669:
10651:
10633:
10585:
10552:
10534:
10525:
10494:
10407:
10354:
10316:
10293:
10210:
10147:
10109:
10081:
10063:
9980:
9962:
9947:
9916:
9864:
9821:
9793:
9770:
9761:
9750:
9718:
9690:
9672:
9661:
9621:
9541:
9514:
9441:
9414:
9405:
9110:"(Search for:) Liliaceae"
9078:The European Garden Flora
8901:10.3897/phytokeys.25.3100
8547:Weberling, Focko (1992).
8391:. New Age International.
8181:Hutchinson, John (1959).
8071:. Leipzig: W. Engelmann.
7843:Taxonomic classifications
7178:Anemarrhena asphodeloides
7099:Biosci Biotechnol Biochem
6902:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
6858:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
6829:Volmer, P. (April 1999).
6785:10.2460/javma.2002.220.49
6573:"How To Grow Calochortus"
6451:Wilford, Richard (2006).
5326:Columbia University Press
4811:. Elsevier. p. 134.
4631:Weberling, Focko (1992).
4588:Singh, Gurcharan (2004).
4111:. Paris. pp. 48–49.
3986:, and was adopted by the
3172:
3092:
2933:Dutch artist of that name
2362:- mariposa, globe lilies
2187:
2140:
2052:
2021:Suprageneric subdivisions
1768:to the Liliaceae are the
1605:("catch-all"), being all
1279:) or sheathed in a basal
402:and hermaphrodite with 6
358:
351:
281:
276:
257:
250:
231:
224:
137:Scientific classification
135:
126:
117:
34:
9242:Lobstein, Marion Blois.
9225:. Pacific Bulb Society.
8939:
7849:Adanson, Michel (1763).
7809:Stuessy, Tod F. (2009).
7672:
6118:Tulip breaking potyvirus
5013:10.1002/fedr.19951060118
4847:. Elsevier. p. 27.
4803:Gunn, Charles R (1972).
4255:. Hearst. Archived from
3949:in the twelfth century.
3317:include both sexual and
3242:
2607:Distribution and habitat
2059:List of Liliaceae genera
1723:and the closely related
1305:within the angiosperms,
753:anthers in cross section
13223:Watson & Dallwitz:
9313:Belles fleurs de France
8670:Aarhus University Press
8521:Vascular Plant Taxonomy
8118:. Berlin: Borntraeger.
7893:12 October 2017 at the
7881:12 October 2017 at the
6952:. Thieme. p. 268.
6394:Sunshine flower bulbs.
5904:enter Liliaceae, under
5356:Vascular Plant Taxonomy
4770:Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard
4065:are also often used as
3483:
3057:have been developed by
3037:) and Calochortoideae (
2430:The largest genera are
2411:– fetid adder's tongue
2383:(synonym: Scoliopaceae
2183:- Indian cucumber-root
2149:(synonyms: Medeolaceae
1909:Subdivisions and genera
1396:in particular contains
1315:=127.4 pg), while
439:, consists of about 15
404:undifferentiated tepals
277:Subfamilies and tribes
9005:Flora of North America
8977:Flora of North America
8888:"Liliaceae de Jussieu"
8770:
8327:Mabberley's Plant-Book
8111:Engler, Adolf (1903).
8094:. Leipzig: Engelmann.
8012:Lindley, John (1846).
7601:Goldgar, Anne (2007).
7360:Duby, Georges (1993).
6986:Mitt. Julius Kühn-Inst
6598:Halinar, J.C. (1997).
6547:"Erythronium 'Pagoda'"
5650:10.1098/rspb.2001.1782
5251:Lindley, John (1846).
4554:Mabberley's Plant-Book
3868:
3853:
3790:The stylised lily, or
3787:
3670:as well as becoming a
3660:The type genus, Lily (
3529:) are used as food in
3444:Fritillaria imperialis
3310:
3302:
3266:Fritillaria uva-vulpis
3254:Fritillaria imperialis
3001:Lily production, Japan
2795:
2779:
2462:The name "Liliaceae" (
2006:Streptopus lanceolatus
412:number and arrangement
13149:Paleobiology Database
9133:Frodin, D.G. (2001).
8449:, P. J. (1802–1816).
8388:University Botany - 3
8352:Sharma, O.P. (2009).
7643:Fritillaria meleagris
7429:Bloomsbury Publishing
7421:Pavord, Anna (1999).
7029:10.1684/ejd.2009.0714
6882:Veterinary Technician
6670:Nishiuchi, Y (1986).
5552:Plant Species Biology
5389:"Consider the Lilies"
4910:Sharma, O.P. (2009).
4183:Linnaeus, C. (1753).
4076:Calochortus nuttallii
4046:Alexandre Dumas, père
3895:), was borrowed into
3859:
3839:
3782:
3491:extracts are used in
3450:Fritillaria meleagris
3359:techniques including
3308:
3296:in the leaf axils of
3292:
3260:Fritillaria meleagris
2850:species which attack
2785:
2770:
2731:) have seeds with an
2729:Erythronium and Gagea
2715:(phalaenophily). The
2665:Irano-Turanian region
1983:Calochortus catalinae
1510:Taxonomy of Liliaceae
1308:Fritillaria assyriaca
1121:, are referred to as
932:) and biseriate (two
928:is undifferentiated (
714:Erythronium revolutum
623:Calochortus nuttallii
581:Fritillaria meleagris
9357:at Wikimedia Commons
8971:Utech, Frederick H.
8728:Pacific Horticulture
8018:. London: Bradbury.
7852:Familles des plantes
7391:"Gestes de Louis IX"
7337:. pp. 153–154.
7174:Fritillaria cirrhosa
6678:. pp. 279–284.
6517:Pacific Horticulture
5881:on 24 September 2015
5387:Kelch, D.G. (2002).
4684:. pp. 347–359.
3557:bulbs were eaten by
3344:Asexual reproduction
3319:asexual reproduction
2918:(lily mottle virus,
2907:tulip-breaking virus
2707:(hymenopterophily),
1593:, the first English
1400:of the cevanine and
1076:which display axile
8476:19 May 2011 at the
7995:. London: Longman.
7968:. London: Baldwin.
7230:on 21 February 2014
6553:on 27 February 2014
6173:"Tulip Break Virus"
5979:, Merriam-Webster,
5644:(1482): 2211–2220.
5632:(7 November 2001).
5409:on 21 February 2014
4760:Ownbey, M. (1940).
4259:on 27 November 2019
4226:on 27 November 2019
3672:popular female name
3473:Fritillaria affinis
3325:Sexual reproduction
3157:Tulipa turkestanica
3111:International trade
2893:, specifically the
2840:scarlet lily beetle
2772:Scarlet lily beetle
2763:Pests and predators
2649:Mediterranean scrub
2621:centre of diversity
2617:Northern Hemisphere
2345:Horan., nom. illeg.
2116:
1953:Lilieae: Flower of
1398:steroidal alkaloids
1318:Tricyrtis macropoda
1223:, depending on the
1088:), usually with an
936:), formed from six
408:two whorls of three
398:of the Liliacaeae:
12668:Pentaphragmataceae
11886:Stegnospermataceae
11778:Berberidopsidaceae
11402:Pentadiplandraceae
9889:Atherospermataceae
9295:on 30 October 2013
9250:on 12 January 2014
9037:on 2 November 2013
8811:on 30 October 2013
8755:10.1002/tax.584024
8455:. Paris: Redouté.
7855:. Paris: Vincent.
7726:. Academic Press.
7667:Additional reading
7651:on 30 January 2012
7307:10.1093/jxb/erp088
7111:10.1271/bbb.130021
7056:Contact Dermatitis
6808:Lilium longiflorum
6492:on 3 November 2013
6402:on 1 February 2014
5192:on 1 February 2014
5049:10.1093/aob/mcn230
5001:Feddes Repertorium
4479:. Academic Press.
3869:
3854:
3788:
3678:, particularly of
3511:have been used as
3508:Fritillaria roylei
3434:Lilium longiflorum
3311:
3303:
3299:Lilium lancifolium
3208:Lilium longiflorum
2980:Tulip production,
2796:
2780:
2711:(psychophily) and
2349:Takht., nom. cons.
2198:, Fritillariaceae
2111:
1932:Clintonia borealis
1612:Bentham and Hooker
1519:which is based on
1355:The seeds contain
1283:. They are rarely
1235:(tiny relative to
1096:. The embryo sac (
680:Lilium longiflorum
359:About 600 species
13280:Liliales families
13262:
13261:
13136:Open Tree of Life
12845:Taxon identifiers
12836:
12835:
12814:
12813:
12810:
12809:
12806:
12805:
12802:
12801:
12798:
12797:
12625:Cardiopteridaceae
12547:
12546:
12424:Plocospermataceae
12223:
12222:
12037:
12036:
11976:Anacampserotaceae
11836:Ancistrocladaceae
11765:Berberidopsidales
11748:
11747:
11744:
11743:
11740:
11739:
11736:
11735:
11688:Biebersteiniaceae
11569:Sphaerosepalaceae
11455:Strasburgeriaceae
11372:Setchellanthaceae
11322:
11321:
10795:
10794:
10737:Cercidiphyllaceae
10692:
10691:
10521:
10520:
10490:
10489:
9943:
9942:
9912:
9911:
9746:
9745:
9728:Austrobaileyaceae
9575:
9574:
9510:
9509:
9353:Media related to
9263:Saylor, Jesse L.
9175:"Digital Flowers"
9146:978-1-139-42865-1
9088:978-0-521-24859-4
9056:Flora of Pakistan
8997:Cronquist, Arthur
8679:978-87-7934-398-6
8588:978-0-520-26772-5
8560:978-0-521-43832-2
8532:978-0-7872-2108-9
8426:978-1-4398-4924-8
8398:978-81-224-1547-6
8365:978-1-259-08137-8
8337:978-1-107-78259-4
8316:978-3-8001-5406-7
8282:978-1-902896-84-7
8239:978-1-4020-9609-9
8206:978-3-642-64903-5
8164:. Jena: Fischer.
7936:de Candolle, A.P.
7822:978-0-231-14712-5
7794:978-0-231-51508-5
7766:978-1-57808-373-2
7733:978-0-08-051404-8
7723:Plant Systematics
7700:978-0-87893-407-2
7512:978-0-307-56082-7
7438:978-1-58234-013-5
7375:978-0-631-18945-9
7262:978-0-87983-821-8
7141:"Pet Care: Tulip"
6980:Wink, M. (2009).
6959:978-3-13-149591-4
6750:978-1-56158-234-1
6743:. Taunton Press.
6723:978-1-4244-9172-8
6676:Acta Hort. (ISHS)
6486:"Types of Lilies"
6464:978-0-88192-763-4
6377:10.1111/boj.12061
5819:978-94-007-5491-1
5785:978-0-87590-947-9
5746:978-1-4398-4924-8
5524:978-0-947643-85-0
5485:978-0-947643-85-0
5366:978-0-7872-2108-9
5314:Cronquist, Arthur
5105:978-3-642-08377-8
4958:(November 2007).
4925:978-1-259-08137-8
4854:978-0-12-080263-0
4818:978-0-323-15067-5
4691:978-0-643-09929-6
4646:978-0-521-43832-2
4605:978-1-57808-351-0
4564:978-1-107-78259-4
4520:978-0-12-644460-5
4510:Plant Systematics
4486:978-0-08-051404-8
4476:Plant Systematics
4437:978-1-57808-373-2
4388:978-3-642-08377-8
4186:Species Plantarum
3885:word for tulips,
3753:Leonardo da Vinci
3338:cross-pollination
3075:cut flower market
3051:ornamental plants
2916:lily streak virus
2645:deciduous forests
2613:temperate regions
2572:, a standardized
2428:
2427:
2347:, Tricyrtidaceae
1956:Nomocharis aperta
1659:phylogenetic tree
1657:theory enabled a
1525:molecular biology
1523:principles using
944:) each, although
530:ornamental plants
518:million years ago
363:
362:
220:
16:(Redirected from
13292:
13255:
13254:
13242:
13241:
13229:
13228:
13219:
13218:
13206:
13205:
13196:
13195:
13183:
13182:
13170:
13169:
13157:
13156:
13144:
13143:
13131:
13130:
13121:
13120:
13108:
13107:
13105:NBNSYS0000160311
13095:
13094:
13082:
13081:
13069:
13068:
13056:
13055:
13043:
13042:
13030:
13029:
13017:
13016:
13004:
13003:
12991:
12990:
12978:
12977:
12965:
12964:
12952:
12951:
12939:
12938:
12926:
12925:
12913:
12912:
12900:
12899:
12887:
12886:
12885:
12872:
12871:
12870:
12840:
12839:
12826:
12825:
12560:
12559:
12509:Thomandersiaceae
12499:Lentibulariaceae
12459:Scrophulariaceae
12439:Tetrachondraceae
12236:
12235:
12225:
12224:
12215:Mitrastemonaceae
12145:Pentaphylacaceae
12120:Tetrameristaceae
12067:Hydrostachyaceae
12050:
12049:
12039:
12038:
11841:Rhabdodendraceae
11831:Dioncophyllaceae
11761:
11760:
11594:Dipterocarpaceae
11531:Dipentodontaceae
11475:Crossosomataceae
11450:Geissolomataceae
11335:
11334:
11196:Chrysobalanaceae
11101:Ctenolophonaceae
11068:Lepidobotryaceae
10858:Anisophylleaceae
10841:
10840:
10830:
10829:
10808:
10807:
10797:
10796:
10772:Tetracarpaeaceae
10767:Aphanopetalaceae
10742:Daphniphyllaceae
10705:
10704:
10694:
10693:
10643:Trochodendraceae
10605:Circaeasteraceae
10532:
10531:
10513:Ceratophyllaceae
10501:
10500:
10177:Alstroemeriaceae
10040:Potamogetonaceae
10015:Scheuchzeriaceae
10010:Hydrocharitaceae
9960:
9959:
9923:
9922:
9803:Aristolochiaceae
9768:
9767:
9759:
9758:
9720:Austrobaileyales
9670:
9669:
9666:
9664:Basalangiosperms
9648:Acrogymnospermae
9610:flowering plants
9602:
9595:
9588:
9579:
9578:
9412:
9411:
9395:
9385:
9378:
9371:
9362:
9361:
9352:
9338:
9328:
9326:
9324:
9304:
9302:
9300:
9291:. Archived from
9280:
9278:
9276:
9259:
9257:
9255:
9238:
9236:
9234:
9218:
9216:
9214:
9190:
9188:
9186:
9162:
9160:
9158:
9129:
9127:
9125:
9104:
9102:
9100:
9071:
9069:
9067:
9046:
9044:
9042:
9020:
9018:
9016:
8992:
8990:
8988:
8967:
8965:
8963:
8935:
8933:
8931:
8913:
8903:
8882:
8880:
8878:
8861:
8859:
8857:
8840:
8838:
8836:
8820:
8818:
8816:
8799:
8797:
8795:
8766:
8749:(4): 1359–1365.
8735:
8720:Journal articles
8715:
8713:
8711:
8695:
8693:
8691:
8682:. Archived from
8654:
8652:
8650:
8604:
8602:
8600:
8571:
8569:
8567:
8543:
8541:
8539:
8525:. Kendall Hunt.
8524:
8509:
8507:
8505:
8468:
8466:
8464:
8442:
8440:
8438:
8409:
8407:
8405:
8381:
8379:
8377:
8348:
8346:
8344:
8320:
8301:
8299:
8297:
8291:
8274:
8255:
8253:
8251:
8229:Flowering Plants
8222:
8220:
8218:
8186:
8177:
8175:
8173:
8154:
8152:
8150:
8131:
8129:
8127:
8107:
8105:
8103:
8084:
8082:
8080:
8061:
8059:
8057:
8031:
8029:
8027:
8008:
8006:
8004:
7981:
7979:
7977:
7957:
7955:
7953:
7931:
7929:
7927:
7868:
7866:
7864:
7838:
7836:
7834:
7805:
7803:
7801:
7777:
7775:
7773:
7749:
7747:
7745:
7716:
7714:
7712:
7661:
7660:
7658:
7656:
7637:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7626:
7598:
7592:
7591:
7589:
7587:
7578:. King Penguin.
7566:
7560:
7559:
7557:
7555:
7535:
7529:
7528:
7526:
7524:
7496:
7490:
7489:
7461:
7455:
7454:
7452:
7450:
7418:
7412:
7411:
7409:
7407:
7386:
7380:
7379:
7367:
7357:
7351:
7350:
7348:
7346:
7326:
7320:
7319:
7309:
7300:(7): 1893–1895.
7285:
7279:
7278:
7276:
7274:
7246:
7240:
7239:
7237:
7235:
7216:
7210:
7209:
7199:
7167:
7161:
7160:
7158:
7156:
7137:
7131:
7130:
7105:(5): 1042–1048.
7094:
7088:
7087:
7047:
7041:
7040:
7012:
7006:
7005:
7003:
7001:
6977:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6966:
6943:
6934:
6933:
6931:
6929:
6914:
6908:
6907:
6901:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6879:
6875:"Bulb toxicosis"
6870:
6864:
6863:
6857:
6849:
6847:
6845:
6835:
6826:
6820:
6819:
6803:
6797:
6796:
6768:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6757:
6734:
6728:
6727:
6701:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6687:
6667:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6656:
6651:on 25 March 2009
6650:
6639:
6630:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6619:
6595:
6589:
6588:
6586:
6584:
6569:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6558:
6543:
6537:
6536:
6534:
6532:
6508:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6497:
6482:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6471:
6457:. Timber Press.
6448:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6418:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6407:
6398:. Archived from
6391:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6342:Govaerts, Rafaël
6334:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6314:
6299:
6293:
6292:
6282:
6258:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6247:
6241:
6230:
6222:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6195:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6184:
6179:on 18 March 2014
6168:
6162:
6161:
6131:
6125:
6114:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6103:
6097:
6066:
6060:Lilioceris lilii
6053:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6026:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6015:
5999:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5988:
5967:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5941:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5930:
5897:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5886:
5877:. Archived from
5867:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5837:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5803:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5769:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5730:
5721:
5720:
5702:
5693:(9): 1695–1703.
5678:
5672:
5671:
5661:
5625:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5589:(1/2): 109–164.
5574:
5568:
5567:
5547:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5508:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5468:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5449:
5428:APG III (2009).
5425:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5408:
5393:
5384:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5359:. Kendall Hunt.
5346:
5340:
5339:
5323:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5248:
5242:
5241:
5230:10.1039/b609306j
5213:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5191:
5185:. Archived from
5168:
5159:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5128:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5060:
5036:Annals of Botany
5026:
5017:
5016:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4979:
4951:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4907:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4875:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4841:"Types of seeds"
4836:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4671:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4585:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4548:
4525:
4524:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4470:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4360:
4347:
4346:
4328:
4296:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4245:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4212:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4180:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4146:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4100:
4009:financial bubble
3894:
3893:
3711:Gospel of Mathew
3645:
3634:
3631:
3620:Paradiesgärtlein
3614:
3559:Native Americans
3499:, and in Latin,
3357:Micropropagation
3218:species such as
3077:, in particular
2998:
2977:
2960:
2873:Botrytis tulipae
2868:Cosmia trapezina
2844:Lilioceris lilii
2830:animals such as
2776:Lilioceris lilii
2602:
2601:
2595:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2466:
2423:
2410:
2398:– drops of gold
2397:
2386:
2374:
2361:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2327:
2318:
2306:
2294:
2281:
2266:
2265:Salisb. ex Rchb.
2259:
2246:
2233:
2220:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2182:
2169:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2138:
2117:
2110:
2000:
1977:
1950:
1926:
1885:deciduous forest
1624:Cronquist system
1440:genera (such as
1384:alliaceous odour
1123:Fritillaria-type
806:
787:
764:
747:
728:
709:
675:
656:
637:
617:
594:
575:
510:lilioid monocots
460:monocotyledonous
449:flowering plants
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
391:
390:
387:
386:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
216:
145:
144:
122:
108:
45:
38:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
13300:
13299:
13295:
13294:
13293:
13291:
13290:
13289:
13265:
13264:
13263:
13258:
13250:
13245:
13237:
13232:
13224:
13222:
13214:
13209:
13201:
13199:
13191:
13186:
13178:
13173:
13165:
13160:
13152:
13147:
13139:
13134:
13126:
13124:
13116:
13111:
13103:
13098:
13090:
13085:
13077:
13072:
13064:
13059:
13051:
13046:
13038:
13033:
13025:
13020:
13012:
13007:
12999:
12994:
12986:
12981:
12973:
12968:
12960:
12955:
12947:
12942:
12934:
12929:
12921:
12916:
12908:
12903:
12895:
12890:
12881:
12880:
12875:
12866:
12865:
12860:
12847:
12837:
12832:
12794:
12790:Paracryphiaceae
12776:
12758:
12735:
12712:
12644:
12606:
12577:Torricelliaceae
12556:
12543:
12444:Calceolariaceae
12429:Carlemanniaceae
12410:
12372:
12354:
12336:
12298:
12275:
12257:
12232:
12219:
12096:
12046:
12033:
12009:Balanophoraceae
11985:
11896:Lophiocarpaceae
11876:Achatocarpaceae
11871:Caryophyllaceae
11861:Macarthuriaceae
11826:Drosophyllaceae
11782:
11757:
11732:
11674:
11656:
11642:Crypteroniaceae
11637:Melastomataceae
11598:
11535:
11502:
11479:
11437:Crossosomatales
11431:
11407:Gyrostemonaceae
11377:Koeberliniaceae
11331:
11318:
11270:
11261:Picrodendraceae
11226:Lacistemataceae
11186:Dichapetalaceae
11161:Centroplacaceae
11151:Lophopyxidaceae
11111:Erythroxylaceae
11077:
11054:
11031:
10973:
10925:
10892:
10863:Corynocarpaceae
10837:
10824:
10804:
10791:
10752:Grossulariaceae
10701:
10688:
10665:
10647:
10635:Trochodendrales
10629:
10610:Lardizabalaceae
10581:
10548:
10517:
10505:Ceratophyllales
10496:Ceratophyllidae
10486:
10477:Ecdeiocoleaceae
10467:Flagellariaceae
10403:
10350:
10312:
10289:
10260:Tecophilaeaceae
10230:Blandfordiaceae
10206:
10172:Petermanniaceae
10157:Campynemataceae
10143:
10105:
10077:
10059:
10020:Aponogetonaceae
9976:
9951:
9939:
9908:
9860:
9846:Himantandraceae
9817:
9789:
9755:
9753:Mesangiospermae
9742:
9714:
9686:
9662:
9657:
9638:Marchantiophyta
9617:
9606:
9576:
9571:
9537:
9516:Calochortoideae
9506:
9437:
9401:
9389:
9331:
9322:
9320:
9307:
9298:
9296:
9283:
9274:
9272:
9262:
9253:
9251:
9241:
9232:
9230:
9221:
9212:
9210:
9193:
9184:
9182:
9172:
9169:
9156:
9154:
9147:
9132:
9123:
9121:
9107:
9098:
9096:
9089:
9074:
9065:
9063:
9049:
9040:
9038:
9025:
9014:
9012:
8995:
8986:
8984:
8970:
8961:
8959:
8945:
8942:
8929:
8927:
8885:
8876:
8874:
8864:
8855:
8853:
8843:
8834:
8832:
8823:
8814:
8812:
8802:
8793:
8791:
8781:
8778:
8773:
8738:
8725:
8722:
8709:
8707:
8698:
8689:
8687:
8680:
8657:
8648:
8646:
8614:
8611:
8598:
8596:
8589:
8574:
8565:
8563:
8561:
8553:. CUP Archive.
8546:
8537:
8535:
8533:
8516:
8503:
8501:
8482:
8478:Wayback Machine
8462:
8460:
8445:
8436:
8434:
8427:
8412:
8403:
8401:
8399:
8384:
8375:
8373:
8366:
8351:
8342:
8340:
8338:
8323:
8317:
8304:
8295:
8293:
8289:
8283:
8272:
8265:
8262:
8249:
8247:
8240:
8225:
8216:
8214:
8207:
8189:
8180:
8171:
8169:
8157:
8148:
8146:
8134:
8125:
8123:
8110:
8101:
8099:
8087:
8078:
8076:
8064:
8055:
8053:
8034:
8025:
8023:
8011:
8002:
8000:
7988:, John (1830).
7984:
7975:
7973:
7960:
7951:
7949:
7934:
7925:
7923:
7903:
7895:Wayback Machine
7883:Wayback Machine
7862:
7860:
7848:
7845:
7832:
7830:
7823:
7808:
7799:
7797:
7795:
7780:
7771:
7769:
7767:
7752:
7743:
7741:
7734:
7719:
7710:
7708:
7701:
7685:Judd, Walter S.
7683:
7680:
7675:
7669:
7664:
7654:
7652:
7639:
7638:
7634:
7624:
7622:
7615:
7599:
7595:
7585:
7583:
7567:
7563:
7553:
7551:
7536:
7532:
7522:
7520:
7513:
7497:
7493:
7478:10.2307/1586521
7462:
7458:
7448:
7446:
7439:
7419:
7415:
7405:
7403:
7387:
7383:
7376:
7358:
7354:
7344:
7342:
7327:
7323:
7286:
7282:
7272:
7270:
7263:
7247:
7243:
7233:
7231:
7218:
7217:
7213:
7168:
7164:
7154:
7152:
7139:
7138:
7134:
7095:
7091:
7048:
7044:
7013:
7009:
6999:
6997:
6978:
6974:
6964:
6962:
6960:
6944:
6937:
6927:
6925:
6916:
6915:
6911:
6895:
6894:
6887:
6885:
6877:
6871:
6867:
6851:
6850:
6843:
6841:
6833:
6827:
6823:
6804:
6800:
6769:
6765:
6755:
6753:
6751:
6735:
6731:
6724:
6702:
6695:
6685:
6683:
6668:
6664:
6654:
6652:
6648:
6637:
6631:
6627:
6617:
6615:
6596:
6592:
6582:
6580:
6571:
6570:
6566:
6556:
6554:
6545:
6544:
6540:
6530:
6528:
6509:
6505:
6495:
6493:
6484:
6483:
6479:
6469:
6467:
6465:
6449:
6445:
6435:
6433:
6420:
6419:
6415:
6405:
6403:
6392:
6385:
6350:Fay, Michael F.
6335:
6322:
6312:
6310:
6301:
6300:
6296:
6259:
6255:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6228:
6224:
6223:
6219:
6209:
6207:
6196:
6192:
6182:
6180:
6169:
6165:
6132:
6128:
6115:
6111:
6101:
6099:
6095:
6064:
6054:
6050:
6040:
6038:
6027:
6023:
6013:
6011:
6000:
5996:
5986:
5984:
5971:Merriam-Webster
5968:
5964:
5954:
5952:
5943:
5942:
5938:
5928:
5926:
5902:"Quick Search (
5898:
5894:
5884:
5882:
5868:
5864:
5854:
5852:
5838:
5834:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5804:
5800:
5790:
5788:
5786:
5770:
5766:
5756:
5754:
5747:
5731:
5724:
5700:10.2307/3558415
5679:
5675:
5626:
5622:
5612:
5610:
5595:10.2307/2990030
5575:
5571:
5548:
5544:
5534:
5532:
5525:
5509:
5505:
5495:
5493:
5486:
5469:
5465:
5426:
5422:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5391:
5385:
5381:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5347:
5343:
5336:
5311:
5307:
5297:
5295:
5280:
5276:
5266:
5264:
5249:
5245:
5214:
5205:
5195:
5193:
5189:
5166:
5160:
5151:
5141:
5139:
5130:
5129:
5125:
5115:
5113:
5106:
5078:
5074:
5027:
5020:
5007:(1–5): 83–111.
4997:
4993:
4970:(6): 2296–308.
4952:
4945:
4935:
4933:
4926:
4908:
4899:
4889:
4887:
4876:
4869:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4837:
4833:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4801:
4797:
4782:10.2307/2394384
4758:
4754:
4715:
4711:
4701:
4699:
4692:
4672:
4661:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4629:
4625:
4615:
4613:
4606:
4586:
4579:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4549:
4528:
4521:
4505:
4501:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4471:
4452:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4420:
4416:
4406:
4404:
4389:
4361:
4350:
4297:
4272:
4262:
4260:
4247:
4246:
4239:
4229:
4227:
4214:
4213:
4206:
4196:
4194:
4181:
4174:
4164:
4162:
4147:
4136:
4126:
4124:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4058:
4041:The Black Tulip
4032:tulip festivals
3834:
3828:
3777:
3771:
3748:Lilium candidum
3658:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3650:Lilium candidum
3646:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3615:
3604:
3599:
3551:bulbs as food.
3505:. The bulbs of
3495:under the name
3486:
3413:
3346:
3327:
3287:
3245:
3227:Lilium candidum
3221:Lilium martagon
3175:
3139:domestic market
3095:
3049:) are grown as
3011:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2978:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2961:
2952:
2951:
2945:
2765:
2759:are repellant.
2681:
2609:
2578:Classical Latin
2530:
2515:
2500:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2424:– twistedstalk
2421:
2408:
2395:
2384:
2372:
2359:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2334:Calochortoideae
2325:
2316:
2305:Wall. ex Boiss.
2304:
2292:
2279:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2244:
2231:
2221:- giant lilies
2218:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2180:
2167:
2156:
2155:, Medeoloideae
2150:
2144:
2134:
2089:is included in
2061:
2055:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1978:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1866:Calochortoideae
1761:
1741:Calochortoideae
1671:
1599:circumscription
1559:
1512:
1506:
1368:chelidonic acid
1361:calcium oxalate
1151:(baccate). The
1114:fuse to form a
1098:megagametophyte
859:
836:in the case of
830:
817:
816:
815:
814:
813:
807:
798:
797:
796:
788:
777:
776:
775:
774:
773:
765:
756:
755:
754:
748:
739:
738:
737:
729:
720:
719:
718:
710:
701:
700:
699:
676:
667:
666:
665:
657:
648:
647:
646:
642:Tulipa clusiana
638:
629:
628:
627:
618:
609:
608:
607:
595:
586:
585:
584:
576:
567:
566:
560:
526:Early Paleogene
522:Late Cretaceous
492:and a superior
429:
428:
427:
424:3 fused carpels
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
392:
388:
384:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
367:
298:Calochortoideae
272:
263:
260:Lilium candidum
246:
237:
215:
139:
129:Lilium candidum
113:
110:Late Cretaceous
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13298:
13288:
13287:
13282:
13277:
13260:
13259:
13257:
13256:
13243:
13239:wfo-7000000336
13230:
13220:
13207:
13197:
13184:
13171:
13158:
13145:
13132:
13122:
13109:
13096:
13083:
13070:
13057:
13044:
13031:
13018:
13005:
12992:
12979:
12966:
12953:
12940:
12927:
12914:
12901:
12888:
12873:
12857:
12855:
12849:
12848:
12834:
12833:
12831:
12830:
12819:
12816:
12815:
12812:
12811:
12808:
12807:
12804:
12803:
12800:
12799:
12796:
12795:
12793:
12792:
12786:
12784:
12782:Paracryphiales
12778:
12777:
12775:
12774:
12772:Escalloniaceae
12768:
12766:
12760:
12759:
12757:
12756:
12754:Caprifoliaceae
12751:
12745:
12743:
12737:
12736:
12734:
12733:
12728:
12726:Columelliaceae
12722:
12720:
12714:
12713:
12711:
12710:
12705:
12700:
12695:
12690:
12688:Argophyllaceae
12685:
12680:
12678:Alseuosmiaceae
12675:
12670:
12665:
12660:
12654:
12652:
12646:
12645:
12643:
12642:
12637:
12632:
12630:Phyllonomaceae
12627:
12622:
12616:
12614:
12608:
12607:
12605:
12604:
12599:
12597:Myodocarpaceae
12594:
12589:
12587:Pittosporaceae
12584:
12582:Griseliniaceae
12579:
12574:
12568:
12566:
12557:
12552:
12549:
12548:
12545:
12544:
12542:
12541:
12536:
12531:
12526:
12521:
12516:
12511:
12506:
12504:Schlegeliaceae
12501:
12496:
12491:
12486:
12481:
12476:
12471:
12466:
12461:
12456:
12454:Plantaginaceae
12451:
12446:
12441:
12436:
12431:
12426:
12420:
12418:
12412:
12411:
12409:
12408:
12403:
12401:Sphenocleaceae
12398:
12393:
12388:
12386:Convolvulaceae
12382:
12380:
12374:
12373:
12371:
12370:
12364:
12362:
12356:
12355:
12353:
12352:
12346:
12344:
12338:
12337:
12335:
12334:
12329:
12324:
12319:
12314:
12308:
12306:
12300:
12299:
12297:
12296:
12291:
12285:
12283:
12277:
12276:
12274:
12273:
12271:Metteniusaceae
12267:
12265:
12259:
12258:
12256:
12255:
12250:
12244:
12242:
12233:
12228:
12221:
12220:
12218:
12217:
12212:
12207:
12202:
12197:
12192:
12187:
12185:Sarraceniaceae
12182:
12177:
12172:
12167:
12162:
12157:
12152:
12147:
12142:
12137:
12132:
12127:
12125:Fouquieriaceae
12122:
12117:
12115:Marcgraviaceae
12112:
12106:
12104:
12098:
12097:
12095:
12094:
12089:
12084:
12079:
12074:
12069:
12064:
12058:
12056:
12047:
12042:
12035:
12034:
12032:
12031:
12026:
12021:
12019:Misodendraceae
12016:
12011:
12006:
12001:
11995:
11993:
11987:
11986:
11984:
11983:
11978:
11973:
11968:
11963:
11958:
11953:
11948:
11943:
11938:
11933:
11928:
11923:
11921:Phytolaccaceae
11918:
11913:
11908:
11903:
11898:
11893:
11888:
11883:
11878:
11873:
11868:
11863:
11858:
11856:Asteropeiaceae
11853:
11848:
11846:Simmondsiaceae
11843:
11838:
11833:
11828:
11823:
11818:
11813:
11808:
11806:Plumbaginaceae
11803:
11798:
11792:
11790:
11788:Caryophyllales
11784:
11783:
11781:
11780:
11775:
11769:
11767:
11758:
11753:
11750:
11749:
11746:
11745:
11742:
11741:
11738:
11737:
11734:
11733:
11731:
11730:
11725:
11720:
11715:
11710:
11705:
11700:
11695:
11690:
11684:
11682:
11676:
11675:
11673:
11672:
11666:
11664:
11658:
11657:
11655:
11654:
11649:
11644:
11639:
11634:
11629:
11624:
11619:
11614:
11608:
11606:
11600:
11599:
11597:
11596:
11591:
11589:Sarcolaenaceae
11586:
11581:
11576:
11571:
11566:
11561:
11556:
11551:
11545:
11543:
11537:
11536:
11534:
11533:
11528:
11523:
11518:
11516:Gerrardinaceae
11512:
11510:
11504:
11503:
11501:
11500:
11495:
11489:
11487:
11481:
11480:
11478:
11477:
11472:
11467:
11462:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11441:
11439:
11433:
11432:
11430:
11429:
11424:
11419:
11414:
11409:
11404:
11399:
11394:
11389:
11384:
11379:
11374:
11369:
11364:
11359:
11354:
11349:
11343:
11341:
11332:
11327:
11324:
11323:
11320:
11319:
11317:
11316:
11311:
11306:
11304:Elaeocarpaceae
11301:
11296:
11291:
11286:
11280:
11278:
11272:
11271:
11269:
11268:
11266:Phyllanthaceae
11263:
11258:
11253:
11248:
11243:
11238:
11233:
11228:
11223:
11221:Passifloraceae
11218:
11213:
11208:
11203:
11198:
11193:
11188:
11183:
11178:
11173:
11168:
11163:
11158:
11156:Putranjivaceae
11153:
11148:
11143:
11138:
11133:
11131:Calophyllaceae
11128:
11123:
11118:
11113:
11108:
11106:Rhizophoraceae
11103:
11098:
11093:
11087:
11085:
11079:
11078:
11076:
11075:
11070:
11064:
11062:
11056:
11055:
11053:
11052:
11050:Zygophyllaceae
11047:
11041:
11039:
11033:
11032:
11030:
11029:
11024:
11019:
11014:
11009:
11004:
10999:
10994:
10989:
10983:
10981:
10975:
10974:
10972:
10971:
10966:
10964:Ticodendraceae
10961:
10956:
10951:
10946:
10941:
10935:
10933:
10927:
10926:
10924:
10923:
10918:
10913:
10908:
10902:
10900:
10894:
10893:
10891:
10890:
10885:
10880:
10875:
10870:
10865:
10860:
10855:
10849:
10847:
10838:
10833:
10826:
10825:
10823:
10822:
10816:
10814:
10805:
10800:
10793:
10792:
10790:
10789:
10784:
10779:
10774:
10769:
10764:
10759:
10754:
10749:
10744:
10739:
10734:
10732:Hamamelidaceae
10729:
10724:
10719:
10713:
10711:
10702:
10697:
10690:
10689:
10687:
10686:
10681:
10679:Myrothamnaceae
10675:
10673:
10667:
10666:
10664:
10663:
10657:
10655:
10649:
10648:
10646:
10645:
10639:
10637:
10631:
10630:
10628:
10627:
10622:
10617:
10615:Menispermaceae
10612:
10607:
10602:
10597:
10591:
10589:
10583:
10582:
10580:
10579:
10574:
10569:
10564:
10558:
10556:
10550:
10549:
10547:
10546:
10540:
10538:
10529:
10523:
10522:
10519:
10518:
10516:
10515:
10509:
10507:
10498:
10492:
10491:
10488:
10487:
10485:
10484:
10479:
10474:
10472:Joinvilleaceae
10469:
10464:
10459:
10454:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10419:
10413:
10411:
10405:
10404:
10402:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10364:Strelitziaceae
10360:
10358:
10352:
10351:
10349:
10348:
10343:
10341:Pontederiaceae
10338:
10333:
10328:
10322:
10320:
10314:
10313:
10311:
10310:
10305:
10303:Dasypogonaceae
10299:
10297:
10291:
10290:
10288:
10287:
10282:
10280:Amaryllidaceae
10277:
10272:
10270:Xeronemataceae
10267:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10232:
10227:
10222:
10216:
10214:
10208:
10207:
10205:
10204:
10199:
10194:
10189:
10184:
10179:
10174:
10169:
10164:
10159:
10153:
10151:
10145:
10144:
10142:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10115:
10113:
10107:
10106:
10104:
10103:
10098:
10093:
10087:
10085:
10079:
10078:
10076:
10075:
10073:Petrosaviaceae
10069:
10067:
10061:
10060:
10058:
10057:
10052:
10047:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10022:
10017:
10012:
10007:
10002:
9997:
9992:
9986:
9984:
9978:
9977:
9975:
9974:
9968:
9966:
9957:
9945:
9944:
9941:
9940:
9938:
9937:
9935:Chloranthaceae
9931:
9929:
9920:
9914:
9913:
9910:
9909:
9907:
9906:
9901:
9896:
9891:
9886:
9881:
9876:
9874:Calycanthaceae
9870:
9868:
9862:
9861:
9859:
9858:
9853:
9848:
9843:
9838:
9833:
9827:
9825:
9819:
9818:
9816:
9815:
9810:
9805:
9799:
9797:
9791:
9790:
9788:
9787:
9782:
9776:
9774:
9765:
9756:
9751:
9748:
9747:
9744:
9743:
9741:
9740:
9738:Schisandraceae
9735:
9730:
9724:
9722:
9716:
9715:
9713:
9712:
9707:
9702:
9696:
9694:
9688:
9687:
9685:
9684:
9678:
9676:
9667:
9659:
9658:
9656:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9643:Polypodiophyta
9640:
9635:
9630:
9622:
9619:
9618:
9605:
9604:
9597:
9590:
9582:
9573:
9572:
9570:
9569:
9562:
9555:
9547:
9545:
9543:Streptopoideae
9539:
9538:
9536:
9535:
9528:
9520:
9518:
9512:
9511:
9508:
9507:
9505:
9504:
9497:
9490:
9483:
9476:
9469:
9462:
9455:
9447:
9445:
9439:
9438:
9436:
9435:
9428:
9420:
9418:
9409:
9403:
9402:
9396:Genera of the
9388:
9387:
9380:
9373:
9365:
9359:
9358:
9346:
9330:
9329:
9305:
9281:
9260:
9239:
9219:
9191:
9168:
9165:
9164:
9163:
9145:
9130:
9105:
9087:
9072:
9047:
9023:
9022:
9021:
8968:
8952:Flora of China
8941:
8938:
8937:
8936:
8883:
8862:
8841:
8821:
8800:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8768:
8767:
8736:
8721:
8718:
8717:
8716:
8696:
8686:on 10 May 2015
8678:
8655:
8610:
8607:
8606:
8605:
8587:
8572:
8559:
8544:
8531:
8514:
8480:
8443:
8425:
8410:
8397:
8382:
8364:
8355:Plant Taxonomy
8349:
8336:
8321:
8315:
8302:
8281:
8261:
8258:
8257:
8256:
8238:
8223:
8205:
8191:Dahlgren, R.M.
8187:
8178:
8155:
8132:
8108:
8085:
8062:
8032:
8009:
7982:
7958:
7932:
7900:
7899:
7898:
7897:
7885:
7870:
7869:
7844:
7841:
7840:
7839:
7821:
7806:
7793:
7778:
7765:
7750:
7732:
7717:
7699:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7662:
7632:
7613:
7593:
7570:Blunt, Wilfred
7561:
7544:New York Times
7530:
7511:
7491:
7466:Garden History
7456:
7437:
7413:
7381:
7374:
7352:
7321:
7280:
7261:
7241:
7211:
7190:(3): 205–213.
7162:
7132:
7089:
7042:
7007:
6972:
6958:
6935:
6909:
6865:
6821:
6798:
6763:
6749:
6729:
6722:
6693:
6662:
6625:
6590:
6564:
6538:
6503:
6477:
6463:
6443:
6413:
6383:
6370:(3): 280–328.
6346:Chase, Mark W.
6320:
6294:
6273:(5): 881–887.
6253:
6242:on 25 May 2013
6217:
6190:
6163:
6150:10.1086/261615
6144:(3): 535–560.
6126:
6109:
6075:(1): 186–195.
6048:
6021:
5994:
5962:
5936:
5892:
5862:
5832:
5818:
5798:
5784:
5764:
5745:
5722:
5673:
5620:
5569:
5558:(2): 119–137.
5542:
5523:
5503:
5484:
5463:
5440:(2): 105–121.
5420:
5379:
5365:
5341:
5334:
5305:
5274:
5243:
5203:
5177:(4): 199–219.
5149:
5123:
5104:
5072:
5043:(3): 459–475.
5018:
4991:
4943:
4924:
4916:Plant Taxonomy
4897:
4867:
4853:
4831:
4817:
4795:
4776:(4): 371–560.
4752:
4731:10.1086/378656
4725:(6): 835–854.
4709:
4690:
4659:
4645:
4623:
4604:
4577:
4563:
4526:
4519:
4499:
4485:
4450:
4436:
4414:
4387:
4348:
4319:(2): 233–252.
4309:sequence data"
4270:
4237:
4204:
4172:
4149:Stevens, P.F.
4134:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4067:floral emblems
4057:
4054:
3943:Ottoman Empire
3909:Arabic letters
3830:Main article:
3827:
3824:
3773:Main article:
3770:
3767:
3653:(Madonna lily)
3647:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3616:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3526:Lilium davidii
3485:
3482:
3425:kidney failure
3412:
3409:
3390:tissue culture
3382:
3381:
3374:
3364:
3361:tissue culture
3354:
3345:
3342:
3326:
3323:
3286:
3283:
3244:
3241:
3214:Although many
3203:European Union
3174:
3171:
3094:
3091:
3010:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2979:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2962:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2900:potato virus Y
2764:
2761:
2680:
2677:
2643:, but also in
2641:alpine meadows
2625:southwest Asia
2608:
2605:
2459:
2456:
2426:
2425:
2413:
2412:
2400:
2399:
2388:
2381:Streptopoideae
2377:
2376:
2364:
2363:
2352:
2343:, Compsoaceae
2330:
2329:
2308:
2307:
2296:
2295:
2284:
2283:
2271:
2270:
2249:
2248:
2236:
2235:
2223:
2222:
2219:(Endl.) Lindl.
2211:
2185:
2184:
2172:
2171:
2170:- bead lilies
2160:
2139:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2057:Main article:
2054:
2051:
2022:
2019:
2002:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1979:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1952:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1928:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1862:Streptopoideae
1760:
1757:
1733:Streptopoideae
1670:
1667:
1628:Amaryllidaceae
1563:Michel Adanson
1558:
1555:
1508:Main article:
1505:
1502:
1438:shade-dwelling
1434:
1433:
1353:
1351:Phytochemistry
1347:
1346:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1094:megasporangium
1050:
1044:
1043:
986:
980:
979:
910:Hermaphroditic
907:
901:
900:
865:
858:
855:
829:
826:
808:
801:
800:
799:
792:Tulipa humilis
789:
782:
781:
780:
779:
778:
769:Lilium auratum
766:
759:
758:
757:
749:
742:
741:
740:
730:
723:
722:
721:
711:
704:
703:
702:
677:
670:
669:
668:
658:
651:
650:
649:
639:
632:
631:
630:
619:
612:
611:
610:
596:
589:
588:
587:
577:
570:
569:
568:
564:
563:
562:
561:
559:
556:
420:superior ovary
396:floral formula
393:
366:
365:
364:
361:
360:
356:
355:
349:
348:
339:
338:
337:
336:
327:
309:
300:
291:
289:Streptopoideae
279:
278:
274:
273:
271:1: 302. (1753)
264:
255:
254:
248:
247:
245:1: 302. (1753)
238:
229:
228:
222:
221:
210:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
190:
183:
182:
177:
170:
169:
164:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
133:
132:
124:
123:
115:
114:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13297:
13286:
13283:
13281:
13278:
13276:
13273:
13272:
13270:
13253:
13248:
13244:
13240:
13235:
13231:
13227:
13221:
13217:
13212:
13208:
13204:
13198:
13194:
13189:
13185:
13181:
13176:
13172:
13168:
13163:
13159:
13155:
13150:
13146:
13142:
13137:
13133:
13129:
13123:
13119:
13114:
13110:
13106:
13101:
13097:
13093:
13088:
13084:
13080:
13075:
13071:
13067:
13062:
13058:
13054:
13049:
13045:
13041:
13036:
13032:
13028:
13023:
13019:
13015:
13010:
13006:
13002:
12997:
12993:
12989:
12984:
12980:
12976:
12971:
12967:
12963:
12958:
12954:
12950:
12945:
12941:
12937:
12932:
12928:
12924:
12919:
12915:
12911:
12906:
12902:
12898:
12893:
12889:
12884:
12878:
12874:
12869:
12863:
12859:
12858:
12856:
12854:
12850:
12846:
12841:
12829:
12821:
12820:
12817:
12791:
12788:
12787:
12785:
12783:
12779:
12773:
12770:
12769:
12767:
12765:
12764:Escalloniales
12761:
12755:
12752:
12750:
12747:
12746:
12744:
12742:
12738:
12732:
12729:
12727:
12724:
12723:
12721:
12719:
12715:
12709:
12706:
12704:
12701:
12699:
12696:
12694:
12693:Menyanthaceae
12691:
12689:
12686:
12684:
12681:
12679:
12676:
12674:
12671:
12669:
12666:
12664:
12663:Campanulaceae
12661:
12659:
12656:
12655:
12653:
12651:
12647:
12641:
12640:Aquifoliaceae
12638:
12636:
12635:Helwingiaceae
12633:
12631:
12628:
12626:
12623:
12621:
12620:Stemonuraceae
12618:
12617:
12615:
12613:
12609:
12603:
12600:
12598:
12595:
12593:
12590:
12588:
12585:
12583:
12580:
12578:
12575:
12573:
12572:Pennantiaceae
12570:
12569:
12567:
12565:
12561:
12558:
12555:
12550:
12540:
12539:Orobanchaceae
12537:
12535:
12534:Paulowniaceae
12532:
12530:
12527:
12525:
12522:
12520:
12517:
12515:
12512:
12510:
12507:
12505:
12502:
12500:
12497:
12495:
12492:
12490:
12487:
12485:
12482:
12480:
12477:
12475:
12472:
12470:
12469:Linderniaceae
12467:
12465:
12462:
12460:
12457:
12455:
12452:
12450:
12447:
12445:
12442:
12440:
12437:
12435:
12432:
12430:
12427:
12425:
12422:
12421:
12419:
12417:
12413:
12407:
12404:
12402:
12399:
12397:
12394:
12392:
12389:
12387:
12384:
12383:
12381:
12379:
12375:
12369:
12366:
12365:
12363:
12361:
12357:
12351:
12348:
12347:
12345:
12343:
12339:
12333:
12330:
12328:
12325:
12323:
12320:
12318:
12315:
12313:
12310:
12309:
12307:
12305:
12301:
12295:
12292:
12290:
12287:
12286:
12284:
12282:
12278:
12272:
12269:
12268:
12266:
12264:
12263:Metteniusales
12260:
12254:
12251:
12249:
12248:Oncothecaceae
12246:
12245:
12243:
12241:
12237:
12234:
12231:
12226:
12216:
12213:
12211:
12208:
12206:
12203:
12201:
12198:
12196:
12195:Actinidiaceae
12193:
12191:
12188:
12186:
12183:
12181:
12178:
12176:
12175:Diapensiaceae
12173:
12171:
12168:
12166:
12163:
12161:
12158:
12156:
12153:
12151:
12148:
12146:
12143:
12141:
12138:
12136:
12135:Lecythidaceae
12133:
12131:
12130:Polemoniaceae
12128:
12126:
12123:
12121:
12118:
12116:
12113:
12111:
12110:Balsaminaceae
12108:
12107:
12105:
12103:
12099:
12093:
12090:
12088:
12085:
12083:
12080:
12078:
12075:
12073:
12072:Hydrangeaceae
12070:
12068:
12065:
12063:
12060:
12059:
12057:
12055:
12051:
12048:
12045:
12040:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12024:Schoepfiaceae
12022:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12010:
12007:
12005:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11996:
11994:
11992:
11988:
11982:
11979:
11977:
11974:
11972:
11971:Portulacaceae
11969:
11967:
11964:
11962:
11961:Halophytaceae
11959:
11957:
11954:
11952:
11949:
11947:
11944:
11942:
11941:Molluginaceae
11939:
11937:
11936:Nyctaginaceae
11934:
11932:
11931:Sarcobataceae
11929:
11927:
11926:Petiveriaceae
11924:
11922:
11919:
11917:
11914:
11912:
11909:
11907:
11904:
11902:
11899:
11897:
11894:
11892:
11889:
11887:
11884:
11882:
11881:Amaranthaceae
11879:
11877:
11874:
11872:
11869:
11867:
11864:
11862:
11859:
11857:
11854:
11852:
11849:
11847:
11844:
11842:
11839:
11837:
11834:
11832:
11829:
11827:
11824:
11822:
11819:
11817:
11814:
11812:
11809:
11807:
11804:
11802:
11799:
11797:
11796:Frankeniaceae
11794:
11793:
11791:
11789:
11785:
11779:
11776:
11774:
11773:Aextoxicaceae
11771:
11770:
11768:
11766:
11762:
11759:
11756:
11755:Superasterids
11751:
11729:
11726:
11724:
11723:Simaroubaceae
11721:
11719:
11716:
11714:
11711:
11709:
11708:Anacardiaceae
11706:
11704:
11701:
11699:
11696:
11694:
11691:
11689:
11686:
11685:
11683:
11681:
11677:
11671:
11670:Picramniaceae
11668:
11667:
11665:
11663:
11659:
11653:
11650:
11648:
11645:
11643:
11640:
11638:
11635:
11633:
11630:
11628:
11625:
11623:
11620:
11618:
11615:
11613:
11610:
11609:
11607:
11605:
11601:
11595:
11592:
11590:
11587:
11585:
11582:
11580:
11577:
11575:
11574:Thymelaeaceae
11572:
11570:
11567:
11565:
11562:
11560:
11557:
11555:
11554:Muntingiaceae
11552:
11550:
11547:
11546:
11544:
11542:
11538:
11532:
11529:
11527:
11524:
11522:
11519:
11517:
11514:
11513:
11511:
11509:
11505:
11499:
11496:
11494:
11491:
11490:
11488:
11486:
11482:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11470:Stachyuraceae
11468:
11466:
11465:Guamatelaceae
11463:
11461:
11460:Staphyleaceae
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11442:
11440:
11438:
11434:
11428:
11425:
11423:
11420:
11418:
11415:
11413:
11410:
11408:
11405:
11403:
11400:
11398:
11395:
11393:
11392:Emblingiaceae
11390:
11388:
11387:Salvadoraceae
11385:
11383:
11380:
11378:
11375:
11373:
11370:
11368:
11367:Limnanthaceae
11365:
11363:
11360:
11358:
11355:
11353:
11352:Tropaeolaceae
11350:
11348:
11345:
11344:
11342:
11340:
11336:
11333:
11330:
11325:
11315:
11314:Brunelliaceae
11312:
11310:
11309:Cephalotaceae
11307:
11305:
11302:
11300:
11297:
11295:
11292:
11290:
11287:
11285:
11282:
11281:
11279:
11277:
11273:
11267:
11264:
11262:
11259:
11257:
11256:Ixonanthaceae
11254:
11252:
11249:
11247:
11246:Euphorbiaceae
11244:
11242:
11241:Rafflesiaceae
11239:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11229:
11227:
11224:
11222:
11219:
11217:
11214:
11212:
11209:
11207:
11204:
11202:
11199:
11197:
11194:
11192:
11191:Euphroniaceae
11189:
11187:
11184:
11182:
11179:
11177:
11174:
11172:
11171:Malpighiaceae
11169:
11167:
11164:
11162:
11159:
11157:
11154:
11152:
11149:
11147:
11146:Caryocaraceae
11144:
11142:
11139:
11137:
11136:Podostemaceae
11134:
11132:
11129:
11127:
11124:
11122:
11119:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11092:
11089:
11088:
11086:
11084:
11080:
11074:
11071:
11069:
11066:
11065:
11063:
11061:
11057:
11051:
11048:
11046:
11043:
11042:
11040:
11038:
11037:Zygophyllales
11034:
11028:
11025:
11023:
11020:
11018:
11015:
11013:
11010:
11008:
11005:
11003:
11000:
10998:
10995:
10993:
10990:
10988:
10985:
10984:
10982:
10980:
10976:
10970:
10967:
10965:
10962:
10960:
10959:Casuarinaceae
10957:
10955:
10952:
10950:
10947:
10945:
10942:
10940:
10939:Nothofagaceae
10937:
10936:
10934:
10932:
10928:
10922:
10919:
10917:
10914:
10912:
10909:
10907:
10904:
10903:
10901:
10899:
10895:
10889:
10886:
10884:
10881:
10879:
10878:Tetramelaceae
10876:
10874:
10873:Cucurbitaceae
10871:
10869:
10866:
10864:
10861:
10859:
10856:
10854:
10853:Apodanthaceae
10851:
10850:
10848:
10846:
10842:
10839:
10836:
10831:
10827:
10821:
10818:
10817:
10815:
10813:
10809:
10806:
10803:
10798:
10788:
10787:Cynomoriaceae
10785:
10783:
10780:
10778:
10775:
10773:
10770:
10768:
10765:
10763:
10760:
10758:
10757:Saxifragaceae
10755:
10753:
10750:
10748:
10745:
10743:
10740:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10717:Peridiscaceae
10715:
10714:
10712:
10710:
10706:
10703:
10700:
10695:
10685:
10682:
10680:
10677:
10676:
10674:
10672:
10668:
10662:
10659:
10658:
10656:
10654:
10650:
10644:
10641:
10640:
10638:
10636:
10632:
10626:
10625:Ranunculaceae
10623:
10621:
10620:Berberidaceae
10618:
10616:
10613:
10611:
10608:
10606:
10603:
10601:
10598:
10596:
10593:
10592:
10590:
10588:
10584:
10578:
10575:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10567:Nelumbonaceae
10565:
10563:
10560:
10559:
10557:
10555:
10551:
10545:
10542:
10541:
10539:
10537:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10524:
10514:
10511:
10510:
10508:
10506:
10502:
10499:
10497:
10493:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10445:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10437:Eriocaulaceae
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10420:
10418:
10415:
10414:
10412:
10410:
10406:
10400:
10399:Zingiberaceae
10397:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10374:Heliconiaceae
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10361:
10359:
10357:
10353:
10347:
10346:Haemodoraceae
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10332:
10331:Commelinaceae
10329:
10327:
10324:
10323:
10321:
10319:
10315:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10300:
10298:
10296:
10292:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10275:Asphodelaceae
10273:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10255:Ixioliriaceae
10253:
10251:
10250:Doryanthaceae
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10217:
10215:
10213:
10209:
10203:
10200:
10198:
10195:
10193:
10190:
10188:
10185:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10173:
10170:
10168:
10167:Melanthiaceae
10165:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10154:
10152:
10150:
10146:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10134:Cyclanthaceae
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10116:
10114:
10112:
10108:
10102:
10101:Dioscoreaceae
10099:
10097:
10096:Burmanniaceae
10094:
10092:
10091:Nartheciaceae
10089:
10088:
10086:
10084:
10080:
10074:
10071:
10070:
10068:
10066:
10065:Petrosaviales
10062:
10056:
10055:Cymodoceaceae
10053:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10045:Posidoniaceae
10043:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10028:
10026:
10025:Juncaginaceae
10023:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10011:
10008:
10006:
10003:
10001:
9998:
9996:
9995:Tofieldiaceae
9993:
9991:
9988:
9987:
9985:
9983:
9979:
9973:
9970:
9969:
9967:
9965:
9961:
9958:
9955:
9950:
9946:
9936:
9933:
9932:
9930:
9928:
9927:Chloranthales
9924:
9921:
9919:
9918:Chloranthidae
9915:
9905:
9902:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9894:Hernandiaceae
9892:
9890:
9887:
9885:
9884:Gomortegaceae
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9871:
9869:
9867:
9863:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9851:Eupomatiaceae
9849:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9841:Degeneriaceae
9839:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9831:Myristicaceae
9829:
9828:
9826:
9824:
9820:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9801:
9800:
9798:
9796:
9792:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9777:
9775:
9773:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9760:
9757:
9754:
9749:
9739:
9736:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9725:
9723:
9721:
9717:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9700:Hydatellaceae
9698:
9697:
9695:
9693:
9689:
9683:
9682:Amborellaceae
9680:
9679:
9677:
9675:
9671:
9668:
9665:
9660:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9631:
9628:
9624:
9623:
9620:
9615:
9611:
9603:
9598:
9596:
9591:
9589:
9584:
9583:
9580:
9568:
9567:
9563:
9561:
9560:
9556:
9554:
9553:
9549:
9548:
9546:
9544:
9540:
9534:
9533:
9529:
9527:
9526:
9522:
9521:
9519:
9517:
9513:
9503:
9502:
9498:
9496:
9495:
9491:
9489:
9488:
9484:
9482:
9481:
9477:
9475:
9474:
9470:
9468:
9467:
9463:
9461:
9460:
9456:
9454:
9453:
9449:
9448:
9446:
9444:
9440:
9434:
9433:
9429:
9427:
9426:
9422:
9421:
9419:
9417:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9404:
9399:
9394:
9386:
9381:
9379:
9374:
9372:
9367:
9366:
9363:
9356:
9351:
9347:
9345:at Wiktionary
9344:
9343:
9337:
9333:
9332:
9318:
9314:
9310:
9306:
9294:
9290:
9286:
9282:
9270:
9266:
9261:
9249:
9245:
9240:
9228:
9224:
9220:
9208:
9204:
9200:
9196:
9192:
9180:
9176:
9171:
9170:
9152:
9148:
9142:
9138:
9137:
9131:
9119:
9115:
9111:
9106:
9094:
9090:
9084:
9080:
9079:
9073:
9061:
9057:
9053:
9048:
9036:
9032:
9028:
9024:
9010:
9006:
9002:
8998:
8994:
8993:
8982:
8978:
8974:
8969:
8957:
8953:
8949:
8946:Chen, Xinqi.
8944:
8943:
8925:
8921:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8894:(25): 55–67.
8893:
8889:
8884:
8872:
8868:
8863:
8851:
8847:
8842:
8830:
8826:
8822:
8810:
8806:
8801:
8789:
8785:
8780:
8779:
8764:
8760:
8756:
8752:
8748:
8744:
8743:
8737:
8733:
8729:
8724:
8723:
8705:
8701:
8697:
8685:
8681:
8675:
8671:
8667:
8666:
8662:
8656:
8644:
8640:
8636:
8632:
8628:
8627:
8622:
8620:
8613:
8612:
8594:
8590:
8584:
8580:
8579:
8573:
8562:
8556:
8552:
8551:
8545:
8534:
8528:
8523:
8522:
8515:
8513:
8512:HTML version
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8491:Pflanzenleben
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8452:Les liliacées
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8419:. CRC Press.
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8097:
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8042:(1862–1883).
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7706:
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7686:
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7650:
7646:
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7641:"Fritillary (
7636:
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7614:9780226301303
7610:
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7023:(5): 423–30.
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5224:(5): 735–52.
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5132:"Solanthrene"
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3703:Song of Songs
3700:
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3587:(corms), and
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3247:A variety of
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3191:United States
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3063:hybridisation
3060:
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2722:
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2710:
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2702:
2698:
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2691:that attract
2690:
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2653:arctic tundra
2650:
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2596:
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2256:
2255:
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2250:
2243:
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2238:
2237:
2234:– trout lily
2230:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2206:, Tulipaceae
2190:
2186:
2181:Gronov. ex L.
2179:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2153:
2147:
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2129:
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2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2012:
2008:
2007:
1999:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1976:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1949:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1925:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
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1843:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1774:Maastrichtian
1771:
1767:
1766:sister family
1756:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
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1722:
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1596:
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1588:
1584:
1580:
1577:, a superior
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1539:sensu stricto
1536:
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1518:
1511:
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1469:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1457:
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1450:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1431:
1428:. (see also:
1427:
1423:
1419:
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1412:
1407:
1403:
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1395:
1394:
1389:
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1381:
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1369:
1365:
1362:
1358:
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1352:
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1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1256:, but may be
1255:
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1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:cartilaginous
1199:is abundant,
1198:
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1190:
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1182:
1178:
1174:
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1166:
1162:
1158:
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1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1080:(parietal in
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1049:
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1045:
1041:
1037:
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1021:
1017:
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1009:
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987:
985:
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977:
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972:
967:
966:
961:
957:
953:
949:
948:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
914:actinomorphic
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
869:indeterminate
866:
864:
863:Inflorescence
861:
860:
854:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
825:
823:
812:fruit capsule
811:
805:
794:
793:
786:
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746:
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504:"catch-all" (
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167:Tracheophytes
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44:
33:
30:
19:
12852:
12703:Calyceraceae
12698:Goodeniaceae
12683:Phellinaceae
12673:Stylidiaceae
12612:Aquifoliales
12494:Bignoniaceae
12479:Martyniaceae
12449:Gesneriaceae
12406:Hydroleaceae
12396:Montiniaceae
12350:Boraginaceae
12327:Gelsemiaceae
12317:Gentianaceae
12289:Eucommiaceae
12190:Roridulaceae
12170:Symplocaceae
12140:Sladeniaceae
12082:Curtisiaceae
12029:Loranthaceae
11951:Didiereaceae
11906:Barbeuiaceae
11866:Microteaceae
11821:Nepenthaceae
11811:Polygonaceae
11801:Tamaricaceae
11693:Nitrariaceae
11662:Picramniales
11627:Vochysiaceae
11612:Combretaceae
11526:Tapisciaceae
11521:Petenaeaceae
11427:Brassicaceae
11181:Trigoniaceae
11176:Balanopaceae
11141:Hypericaceae
11121:Bonnetiaceae
11096:Irvingiaceae
11083:Malpighiales
11073:Celastraceae
11045:Krameriaceae
11002:Elaeagnaceae
10997:Dirachmaceae
10954:Juglandaceae
10921:Polygalaceae
10906:Quillajaceae
10868:Coriariaceae
10845:Cucurbitales
10782:Haloragaceae
10777:Penthoraceae
10762:Crassulaceae
10727:Altingiaceae
10709:Saxifragales
10661:Dilleniaceae
10600:Papaveraceae
10595:Eupteleaceae
10587:Ranunculales
10495:
10462:Restionaceae
10422:Bromeliaceae
10356:Zingiberales
10336:Philydraceae
10326:Hanguanaceae
10318:Commelinales
10285:Asparagaceae
10245:Hypoxidaceae
10201:
10192:Ripogonaceae
10187:Philesiaceae
10182:Colchicaceae
10124:Velloziaceae
10119:Triuridaceae
10083:Dioscoreales
10000:Alismataceae
9948:
9917:
9879:Siparunaceae
9836:Magnoliaceae
9733:Trimeniaceae
9710:Nymphaeaceae
9674:Amborellales
9653:Angiospermae
9608:Families of
9564:
9557:
9550:
9530:
9523:
9499:
9492:
9485:
9478:
9471:
9464:
9457:
9452:Cardiocrinum
9450:
9430:
9423:
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9312:
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9293:the original
9288:
9273:. Retrieved
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9122:. Retrieved
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9077:
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9035:the original
9030:
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8976:
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8951:
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8891:
8875:. Retrieved
8854:. Retrieved
8833:. Retrieved
8813:. Retrieved
8809:the original
8792:. Retrieved
8782:AP Website.
8746:
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8731:
8727:
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8688:. Retrieved
8684:the original
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8630:
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8577:
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8549:
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8520:
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8492:
8488:
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8461:. Retrieved
8451:
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8387:
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8354:
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8326:
8306:
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8268:
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8232:. Springer.
8228:
8215:. Retrieved
8195:
8185:. Macmillan.
8182:
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8160:
8147:. Retrieved
8137:
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8113:
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8090:
8077:. Retrieved
8067:
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8044:
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8014:
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7990:
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7963:
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7940:
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7906:
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7811:
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7783:
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7722:
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6989:
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6948:
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6912:
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6842:. Retrieved
6837:
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6776:
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6567:
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6551:the original
6541:
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6520:
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6494:. Retrieved
6490:the original
6480:
6468:. Retrieved
6453:
6446:
6434:. Retrieved
6425:
6422:"Tulipa spp"
6416:
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6400:the original
6367:
6361:
6358:(Liliaceae)"
6355:
6311:. Retrieved
6297:
6270:
6266:
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6244:. Retrieved
6237:the original
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6177:the original
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6072:
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6024:
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5975:
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5912:
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5879:the original
5865:
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5835:
5823:. Retrieved
5812:. Springer.
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5801:
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5774:
5767:
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5735:
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5637:
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5586:
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5319:
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5287:
5277:
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5256:
5246:
5221:
5218:Nat Prod Rep
5217:
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5082:
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5000:
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4553:
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4502:
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4475:
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4427:
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4302:
4261:. Retrieved
4257:the original
4252:
4228:. Retrieved
4224:the original
4219:
4195:. Retrieved
4185:
4163:. Retrieved
4154:
4125:. Retrieved
4108:
4098:
4081:state flower
4074:
4060:
4059:
4039:
4017:
3997:
3977:
3966:Oghuz-Turkic
3951:
3916:
3912:
3904:
3886:
3872:
3870:
3847:Hagia Sophia
3840:
3792:fleur-de-lis
3791:
3789:
3785:fleur-de-lis
3775:Fleur-de-lis
3769:Fleur-de-lis
3758:Annunciation
3756:
3746:
3714:
3706:
3696:
3691:
3684:fleur-de-lis
3661:
3659:
3648:
3624:
3618:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3565:settlers in
3561:and by the
3552:
3546:
3543:Hongerwinter
3542:
3535:World War II
3524:
3520:
3517:expectorants
3513:antipyretics
3506:
3500:
3497:chuan bei mu
3496:
3487:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3448:
3442:
3432:
3416:
3414:
3383:
3378:twin-scaling
3376:Scaling and
3371:adventitious
3369:, which are
3328:
3312:
3297:
3276:
3270:
3264:
3258:
3252:
3248:
3246:
3236:
3225:
3219:
3215:
3213:
3206:
3176:
3166:naturalising
3155:
3151:Tulipa tarda
3149:
3145:
3143:
3096:
3084:
3078:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3009:Floriculture
2963:
2936:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2898:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2878:
2871:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2846:) and other
2843:
2797:
2787:
2775:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2741:myrmecochory
2728:
2724:
2682:
2673:Cardiocrinum
2672:
2668:
2660:
2656:
2610:
2590:
2581:
2567:
2557:
2461:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2416:
2403:
2390:
2375:– toad lily
2367:
2354:
2320:
2311:
2299:
2287:
2280:Tourn. ex L.
2274:
2261:
2252:
2245:Tourn. ex L.
2239:
2226:
2215:Cardiocrinum
2213:
2202:, Liriaceae
2175:
2162:
2107:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2080:
2062:
2042:
2026:
2024:
2004:
1981:
1954:
1930:
1903:Cardiocrinum
1902:
1890:Cardiocrinum
1888:
1881:shade plants
1878:
1868:. Liliaceae
1857:
1853:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1811:Cardiocrinum
1797:
1792:include the
1762:
1755:
1748:
1744:
1743:(including
1736:
1724:
1720:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1679:monophyletic
1672:
1655:phylogenetic
1632:
1603:paraphyletic
1591:John Lindley
1560:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1521:phylogenetic
1513:
1495:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1455:Cardiocrinum
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1415:
1409:
1391:
1342:
1341:(8, 27) and
1338:
1334:
1333:(6,8,9,11),
1330:
1326:
1316:
1306:
1265:
1122:
1105:
1092:and thinner
1085:
1081:
1078:placentation
1065:
1061:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
994:
969:
963:
962:equal, e.g.
945:
892:
889:subumbellate
880:
876:
849:
831:
818:
809:
790:
767:
750:
731:
712:
678:
659:
640:
621:
603:
597:
579:
549:
546:
534:floriculture
515:
508:) group of
502:paraphyletic
436:
430:
341:
340:
329:
320:
311:
307:Medeoloideae
302:
293:
284:
258:
252:Type species
232:
212:
186:
173:
160:
127:
29:
13035:iNaturalist
12877:Wikispecies
12658:Rousseaceae
12554:Campanulids
12514:Verbenaceae
12489:Acanthaceae
12484:Pedaliaceae
12474:Byblidaceae
12342:Boraginales
12332:Apocynaceae
12322:Loganiaceae
12304:Gentianales
12253:Icacinaceae
12205:Cyrillaceae
12200:Clethraceae
12180:Styracaceae
12160:Primulaceae
12087:Grubbiaceae
12014:Santalaceae
11956:Basellaceae
11911:Gisekiaceae
11851:Physenaceae
11816:Droseraceae
11713:Sapindaceae
11703:Burseraceae
11647:Alzateaceae
11559:Neuradaceae
11498:Francoaceae
11493:Geraniaceae
11445:Aphloiaceae
11417:Capparaceae
11397:Tovariaceae
11357:Moringaceae
11339:Brassicales
11299:Cunoniaceae
11294:Oxalidaceae
11289:Connaraceae
11206:Achariaceae
11201:Humiriaceae
11166:Elatinaceae
11060:Celastrales
11017:Cannabaceae
10992:Barbeyaceae
10916:Surianaceae
10888:Begoniaceae
10883:Datiscaceae
10722:Paeoniaceae
10699:Superrosids
10684:Gunneraceae
10653:Dilleniales
10572:Platanaceae
10447:Thurniaceae
10427:Rapateaceae
10389:Marantaceae
10240:Lanariaceae
10235:Asteliaceae
10220:Orchidaceae
10212:Asparagales
10197:Smilacaceae
10139:Pandanaceae
10129:Stemonaceae
10035:Zosteraceae
10030:Maundiaceae
9982:Alismatales
9899:Monimiaceae
9823:Magnoliales
9808:Saururaceae
9785:Winteraceae
9780:Canellaceae
9763:Magnoliidae
9705:Cabombaceae
9692:Nymphaeales
9625:Supergroup
9525:Calochortus
9494:Notholirion
9466:Fritillaria
9459:Erythronium
9309:"Liliaceae"
9285:"Liliaceae"
9275:10 February
9223:"Liliaceae"
9157:10 February
9066:22 February
9052:"Liliaceae"
9050:Ali, S. I.
9027:"Liliaceae"
8973:"Liliaceae"
8948:"Liliaceae"
8846:"Liliaceae"
8829:"Liliaceae"
8805:"Liliaceae"
8784:"Liliaceae"
8599:15 February
8538:10 February
8493:, 1890–1891
8486:(1895–96).
8437:3 September
8404:14 February
8376:3 September
8217:10 February
8149:10 February
8036:Bentham, G.
7772:13 February
7744:12 February
7678:Systematics
7625:21 February
7575:Tulipomania
7449:1 September
7294:J. Exp. Bot
6920:. PubChem.
6918:"Peiminine"
5945:"Liliaceae"
5875:"Liliaceae"
5845:"Liliaceae"
5757:3 September
5630:Chase, M.W.
5457:10654/18083
5413:10 February
5372:10 February
5351:"Liliaceae"
5284:"Liliaceae"
5134:. PubChem.
4936:3 September
4912:"Liliaceae"
4860:22 February
4824:17 February
4764:Calochortus
4590:"Liliaceae"
4424:"Liliaceae"
4263:27 November
4230:27 November
4151:"Liliaceae"
4071:Oxfordshire
4062:Fritillaria
4013:tulip mania
4004:Netherlands
3974:naturalised
3947:Omar Khayam
3939:Islamic art
3881:world. The
3832:Tulip Mania
3812:New Orleans
3743:Middle Ages
3739:Virgin Mary
3688:Charlemagne
3633: 1410
3590:Fritillaria
3584:Erythronium
3554:Calochortus
3489:Fritillaria
3478:Fritillaria
3439:Fritillaria
3315:propagation
3313:Methods of
3285:Propagation
3278:Calochortus
3272:Erythronium
3249:Fritillaria
3195:New Zealand
3119:Netherlands
3103:cut flowers
3040:Calochortus
3034:Erythronium
3022:Fritillaria
2986:Netherlands
2950:Cultivation
2943:Cultivation
2928:tulip mania
2897:(named for
2890:Potyviridae
2853:Fritillaria
2756:Fritillaria
2709:butterflies
2548:) comes to
2448:(110), and
2439:Fritillaria
2356:Calochortus
2319:(including
2301:Notholirion
2260:(including
2241:Fritillaria
2228:Erythronium
2031:subfamilies
1829:Erythronium
1818:) from the
1815:Notholirion
1803:Fritillaria
1770:Smilacaceae
1735:(including
1651:angiosperms
1647:Asparagales
1595:systematist
1589:. By 1845,
1426:anthocyanin
1411:Fritillaria
1393:Fritillaria
1372:Asparagales
1327:Calochortus
1303:genome size
1271:Fritillaria
1233:rudimentary
1227:type). The
1107:Fritillaria
1102:tetrasporic
1028:Fritillaria
1024:Erythronium
1016:Fritillaria
971:Calochortus
965:Fritillaria
952:apotepalous
918:pedicellate
850:Fritillaria
834:rhizomatous
620:Sego lily (
558:Description
538:cut flowers
520:during the
506:wastebasket
458:. They are
451:within the
410:, the same
180:Angiosperms
13269:Categories
13053:30000259-2
12741:Dipsacales
12731:Bruniaceae
12708:Asteraceae
12592:Araliaceae
12529:Phrymaceae
12464:Stilbaceae
12391:Solanaceae
12368:Vahliaceae
12294:Garryaceae
12240:Icacinales
12150:Sapotaceae
12004:Opiliaceae
11991:Santalales
11966:Talinaceae
11946:Montiaceae
11698:Kirkiaceae
11680:Sapindales
11652:Penaeaceae
11622:Onagraceae
11617:Lythraceae
11549:Cytinaceae
11508:Huerteales
11485:Geraniales
11422:Cleomaceae
11412:Resedaceae
11362:Caricaceae
11347:Akaniaceae
11276:Oxalidales
11231:Salicaceae
11216:Goupiaceae
11126:Clusiaceae
11027:Urticaceae
11007:Rhamnaceae
10969:Betulaceae
10949:Myricaceae
10671:Gunnerales
10577:Proteaceae
10457:Cyperaceae
10442:Mayacaceae
10432:Xyridaceae
10162:Corsiaceae
10111:Pandanales
10050:Ruppiaceae
10005:Butomaceae
9856:Annonaceae
9813:Piperaceae
9772:Canellales
9566:Streptopus
9487:Nomocharis
9407:Lilioideae
9323:22 January
9299:15 January
9254:9 February
9233:2 February
9213:2 February
9199:Bratislava
9185:28 January
9124:9 February
9041:29 January
9015:14 January
8987:14 January
8962:22 January
8930:4 February
8877:22 January
8856:22 January
8835:22 January
8815:22 January
8794:22 January
8710:18 January
8690:18 January
8649:18 January
8566:8 February
8504:5 February
8463:2 February
8172:9 February
8126:5 February
8102:5 February
8079:31 January
8056:31 January
8040:Hooker, JD
8026:5 February
8003:2 February
7976:2 February
7952:5 February
7863:9 February
7833:6 February
7800:4 February
7711:29 January
7655:24 January
7523:15 October
7396:rapportent
7234:25 January
7155:25 January
6992:: 93–112.
6928:24 January
6686:25 January
6655:25 January
6618:25 January
6436:25 January
6406:21 January
6041:23 January
6014:23 January
5955:22 January
5929:16 October
5825:28 January
5791:28 January
5687:Am. J. Bot
5535:14 January
5496:14 January
5298:24 January
5267:5 February
5196:24 January
5142:24 January
5116:14 January
4702:14 January
4652:8 February
4616:23 January
4407:14 January
4127:4 February
4091:References
3822:movement.
3705:(2, 1–2) "
3575:(leaves),
3539:starvation
3462:imperialin
3455:neurotoxic
3411:Toxicology
2914:) and the
2848:Lilioceris
2828:vertebrate
2802:, such as
2564:type genus
2418:Streptopus
2328:) – tulip
2289:Nomocharis
2132:Lilioideae
1988:California
1807:Nomocharis
1780:to early (
1778:Cretaceous
1717:embryo-sac
1710:Lilioideae
1622:under the
1534:sensu lato
1430:Toxicology
1406:Solanidine
1388:Allioideae
1366:crystals,
1339:Streptopus
1329:(x=6-10),
1323:Chromosome
1225:embryo sac
1221:pentaploid
1185:Allioideae
1181:integument
1112:megaspores
1090:integument
984:Androecium
930:perigonium
691:, 3.
687:, 2.
683:: 1.
606:) anthers.
604:dorsifixed
468:herbaceous
316:Lilioideae
226:Type genus
41:68–0
18:Liliaceous
13275:Liliaceae
12988:Liliaceae
12957:FloraBase
12883:Liliaceae
12853:Liliaceae
12749:Adoxaceae
12718:Bruniales
12650:Asterales
12519:Lamiaceae
12378:Solanales
12360:Vahliales
12312:Rubiaceae
12281:Garryales
12210:Ericaceae
12155:Ebenaceae
12092:Cornaceae
12077:Loasaceae
12062:Nyssaceae
11999:Olacaceae
11981:Cactaceae
11916:Aizoaceae
11891:Limeaceae
11728:Meliaceae
11632:Myrtaceae
11584:Cistaceae
11564:Malvaceae
11211:Violaceae
11116:Ochnaceae
11091:Pandaceae
10562:Sabiaceae
10554:Proteales
10452:Juncaceae
10417:Typhaceae
10394:Costaceae
10384:Cannaceae
10369:Lowiaceae
10308:Arecaceae
10265:Iridaceae
10225:Boryaceae
10202:Liliaceae
9972:Acoraceae
9904:Lauraceae
9795:Piperales
9633:Bryophyta
9559:Scoliopus
9552:Prosartes
9532:Tricyrtis
9425:Clintonia
9416:Medeoleae
9398:Liliaceae
9355:Liliaceae
9342:Liliaceae
8892:PhytoKeys
8776:Databases
8639:0065-6275
8510:See also
8469:See also
8343:8 January
8250:7 January
7965:explained
7926:9 January
7910:. Paris.
7424:The Tulip
7368:. Wiley.
7224:Best Eats
6426:Floridata
6158:222435339
5885:6 January
5855:6 January
5396:Fremontia
4956:Fay, M.F.
4890:5 January
4570:8 January
4492:6 January
4397:243791987
4313:Evolution
4165:2 January
4036:Keukenhof
4020:tulipiere
3993:Tulip era
3960:. As the
3816:compasses
3783:Symbolic
3713:(6, 28) "
3709:" or the
3668:symbolism
3593:(bulbs).
3581:(roots),
3572:Clintonia
3458:alkaloids
3421:poisonous
3401:cultivars
3199:Australia
3144:Original
3055:cultivars
3046:Tricyrtis
2939:(ReTBV).
2895:potyvirus
2725:Scoliopus
2721:dispersed
2697:pollinate
2669:Tricyrtis
2554:Neo-Latin
2465:English:
2405:Scoliopus
2392:Prosartes
2369:Tricyrtis
2164:Clintonia
2142:Medeoleae
2120:Subfamily
1874:Antarctic
1854:Clintonia
1850:Medeoleae
1846:East Asia
1820:Himalayas
1786:Paleogene
1782:Paleocene
1750:Polygonum
1745:Tricyrtis
1737:Scoliopus
1729:Medeoleae
1721:Clintonia
1713:subfamily
1703:Tricyrtis
1699:Scoliopus
1691:Clintonia
1683:monophyly
1635:phylogeny
1581:, single
1497:Evolution
1479:Scoliopus
1473:Prosartes
1461:Clintonia
1449:Tricyrtis
1443:Prosartes
1422:tulipanin
1420:contains
1414:species.
1343:Tricyrtis
1335:Scoliopus
1331:Prosartes
1285:petiolate
1237:endosperm
1213:polyploid
1197:endosperm
1175:(ridge),
1169:epidermis
1161:ellipsoid
1082:Scoliopus
1062:Scoliopus
1052:Superior
1048:Gynoecium
1008:Clintonia
995:Scoliopus
947:Scoliopus
942:trimerous
885:pluriflor
842:trichomes
838:Medeoleae
822:Evolution
661:Tricyrtis
542:poisonous
475:geophytes
464:perennial
437:Liliaceae
431:The lily
353:Diversity
312:subfamily
303:subfamily
294:subfamily
285:subfamily
213:Liliaceae
150:Kingdom:
35:Liliaceae
13226:liliacea
13211:VicFlora
13200:VASCAN:
13193:42000374
13188:Tropicos
12862:Wikidata
12828:Category
12602:Apiaceae
12524:Mazaceae
12434:Oleaceae
12416:Lamiales
12165:Theaceae
12102:Ericales
12054:Cornales
12044:Asterids
11901:Kewaceae
11718:Rutaceae
11604:Myrtales
11579:Bixaceae
11541:Malvales
11382:Bataceae
11251:Linaceae
11236:Peraceae
11022:Moraceae
11012:Ulmaceae
10987:Rosaceae
10944:Fagaceae
10911:Fabaceae
10820:Vitaceae
10747:Iteaceae
10544:Buxaceae
10527:Eudicots
10379:Musaceae
10295:Arecales
10149:Liliales
9964:Acorales
9954:Monocots
9866:Laurales
9317:Archived
9289:eMonocot
9269:Archived
9227:Archived
9207:Archived
9205:. 2011.
9179:Archived
9151:Archived
9118:Archived
9093:Archived
9060:Archived
9009:Archived
8999:(2008).
8981:Archived
8956:Archived
8924:Archived
8920:24198712
8871:Archived
8850:Archived
8788:Archived
8763:27757024
8734:: 76–79.
8704:Archived
8643:Archived
8609:Symposia
8593:Archived
8498:Archived
8474:Archived
8457:Archived
8431:Archived
8370:Archived
8296:15 March
8287:Archived
8244:Archived
8211:Archived
8166:Archived
8143:Archived
8120:Archived
8096:Archived
8073:Archived
8050:Archived
8020:Archived
7997:Archived
7970:Archived
7946:Archived
7938:(1813).
7920:Archived
7891:Archived
7879:Archived
7857:Archived
7827:Archived
7738:Archived
7705:Archived
7619:Archived
7586:13 March
7580:Archived
7572:(1950).
7554:13 March
7548:Archived
7517:Archived
7443:Archived
7406:12 March
7400:Archived
7345:12 March
7339:Archived
7316:19363202
7273:16 March
7267:Archived
7206:17309526
7149:Archived
7127:24286060
7119:23649245
7084:19973741
7076:10385332
7037:19487175
7000:18 March
6994:Archived
6965:18 March
6922:Archived
6888:18 March
6844:18 March
6793:12680447
6756:18 March
6680:Archived
6612:Archived
6583:17 March
6577:Archived
6557:17 March
6531:17 March
6525:Archived
6496:17 March
6470:17 March
6430:Archived
6352:(2013).
6313:18 March
6307:Archived
6246:18 March
6210:17 March
6204:Archived
6183:18 March
6102:16 March
6093:Archived
6089:84398137
6035:Archived
6031:"Tulipa"
6008:Archived
6004:"Lilium"
5981:archived
5949:Archived
5923:Archived
5849:Archived
5751:Archived
5717:21669704
5668:11674868
5607:Archived
5529:Archived
5490:Archived
5316:(1981).
5292:Archived
5261:Archived
5238:17003907
5136:Archived
5110:Archived
5067:19033282
4986:17956392
4930:Archived
4884:Archived
4747:84766627
4696:Archived
4610:Archived
4401:Archived
4343:39420833
4335:11926492
4191:Archived
4159:Archived
4121:Archived
3941:and the
3935:ceramics
3871:Tulips (
3851:Istanbul
3820:Scouting
3804:heraldry
3800:Frankish
3735:Akrotiri
3674:, and a
3460:such as
3405:in vitro
3392:produce
3233:Watsonia
3123:hectares
3059:breeding
2982:Hillegom
2792:breaking
2623:is from
2196:Martinov
2013:, Canada
1939:, Canada
1895:rhizomes
1824:Tulipeae
1665:(1998).
1643:Liliales
1639:Dahlgren
1620:Liliales
1607:Liliales
1504:Taxonomy
1492:capsular
1488:rhizomes
1378:derived
1376:cysteine
1370:(unlike
1357:saponins
1289:stipules
1217:triploid
1207:but not
1205:aleurone
1116:triploid
956:perianth
926:perianth
899:(spike).
883:). When
867:Usually
857:Specific
548:genera,
498:rhizomes
479:petaloid
470:, often
456:Liliales
443:and 610
418:, and a
394:General
334:Tulipeae
209:Family:
203:Liliales
193:Monocots
112:- Recent
12564:Apiales
12230:Lamiids
11329:Malvids
11284:Huaceae
10979:Rosales
10931:Fagales
10898:Fabales
10812:Vitales
10536:Buxales
10482:Poaceae
9990:Araceae
9949:Lilidae
9443:Lilieae
9432:Medeola
9099:5 April
8911:3819130
8447:Redouté
8115:Botanik
7992:economy
7986:Lindley
7916:5161409
7486:1586521
6838:Vet Med
6289:8492092
5987:25 July
5709:3558415
5659:1088868
5603:2990030
5088:164–172
5058:2707325
4790:2394384
4443:6 March
4371:343–353
4197:15 June
4117:5161409
4105:"Lilia"
4050:Haarlem
4024:ceramic
4000:Antwerp
3962:Seljuks
3958:Steppes
3931:fabrics
3897:Turkish
3883:Persian
3879:Islamic
3861:Ceramic
3763:Gabriel
3741:in the
3727:Knossos
3723:Amnisos
3719:frescos
3597:Culture
3578:Medeola
3394:genetic
3386:offsets
3367:Bulbils
3351:offsets
3331:hybrids
3294:Bulbils
3067:gardens
2824:viruses
2818:. Also
2812:beetles
2800:insects
2693:insects
2679:Ecology
2637:steppes
2615:of the
2600:λείριον
2593:leírion
2556:, from
2442:(130),
2436:(200),
2341:Dumort.
2337:Dumort.
2293:Franch.
2282:– lily
2262:Lloydia
2258:Salisb.
2200:Salisb.
2189:Lilieae
2177:Medeola
2097:Lloydia
2045:). The
2011:Ontario
1870:fossils
1858:Medeola
1844:) from
1794:Lilieae
1725:Medeola
1695:Medeola
1587:capsule
1575:stamens
1557:History
1484:berries
1467:Medeola
1402:solanum
1386:of the
1380:sulphur
1364:raphide
1359:but no
1337:(7,8),
1281:rosette
1264:, e.g.
1258:whorled
1165:globose
1157:discoid
1149:berries
1141:locules
1137:capsule
1119:nucleus
1086:Medeola
1066:Medeola
1058:locules
1018:, some
1010:, some
1000:dehisce
990:stamens
934:whorled
905:Flowers
895:) or a
828:General
810:Lillium
693:stamens
490:stamens
472:bulbous
445:species
416:stamens
325:Lilieae
269:Sp. Pl.
243:Sp. Pl.
199:Order:
154:Plantae
13252:382480
13141:781605
13125:NZOR:
13066:114848
12910:121209
12868:Q53480
10835:Fabids
10802:Rosids
10409:Poales
9614:APG IV
9501:Tulipa
9480:Lilium
9400:family
9143:
9085:
8918:
8908:
8844:NCBI.
8803:GRIN.
8761:
8676:
8637:
8585:
8557:
8529:
8423:
8395:
8362:
8334:
8313:
8279:
8236:
8203:
7914:
7819:
7791:
7763:
7730:
7697:
7611:
7509:
7484:
7435:
7372:
7314:
7259:
7204:
7125:
7117:
7082:
7074:
7052:Tulipa
7035:
6956:
6818:: 121.
6791:
6747:
6720:
6461:
6356:Tulipa
6287:
6156:
6087:
5906:Search
5816:
5782:
5743:
5715:
5707:
5666:
5656:
5601:
5521:
5482:
5363:
5332:
5236:
5102:
5065:
5055:
4984:
4922:
4851:
4815:
4788:
4745:
4739:378656
4737:
4688:
4643:
4602:
4561:
4517:
4483:
4434:
4395:
4385:
4341:
4333:
4253:SFGate
4115:
4073:, UK.
3988:Osmans
3979:Laleli
3970:Turkey
3954:Persia
3933:, and
3923:motifs
3901:Arabic
3874:Tulipa
3863:dish,
3826:Tulips
3808:Quebec
3692:Lilium
3680:France
3663:Lilium
3602:Lilies
3563:Mormon
3548:Tulipa
3521:Lilium
3441:(e.g.
3397:clones
3237:Lilium
3216:Lilium
3189:, the
3179:France
3173:Lilies
3146:Tulipa
3135:Poland
3131:France
3099:Persia
3093:Tulips
3086:Lilium
3080:Tulipa
3071:winter
3031:, and
3028:Lilium
3016:Tulipa
2984:, the
2964:Tulipa
2924:aphids
2885:Tulipa
2881:Lilium
2864:Lilium
2859:Lilium
2808:aphids
2804:thrips
2788:Tulipa
2750:Lilium
2695:which
2689:pollen
2685:nectar
2671:, and
2657:Tulipa
2639:, and
2633:plains
2619:. The
2583:lilium
2574:suffix
2569:-aceae
2562:, the
2559:Lilium
2451:Tulipa
2445:Lilium
2422:Michx.
2385:Takht.
2313:Tulipa
2276:Lilium
2208:Borkh.
2204:Borkh.
2192:Ritgen
2157:Benth.
2152:Takht.
2146:Benth.
2126:Genus
2092:Tulipa
2053:Genera
2035:tribes
1961:Yunnan
1937:Quebec
1835:Tulipa
1799:Lilium
1790:clades
1739:) and
1701:, and
1531:terms
1476:, and
1417:Tulipa
1404:type.
1297:Genome
1267:Lilium
1254:spiral
1250:Simple
1245:Leaves
1229:embryo
1209:starch
1104:(e.g.
1074:ovules
1070:stigma
1040:Tulipa
1036:Lilium
1020:Tulipa
1012:Tulipa
1004:pollen
976:Nectar
960:tepals
938:tepals
922:Bracts
897:thyrse
881:Tulipa
877:Lilium
873:raceme
751:Lilium
733:Lilium
685:Stigma
599:Lilium
551:Lilium
488:, six
486:whorls
482:tepals
441:genera
433:family
369:✶ or ÷
234:Lilium
13247:WoRMS
13162:Plazi
13154:54578
13092:42633
13061:IRMNG
13040:47328
13001:10507
12983:FoAO2
12975:10507
12962:22927
12949:1LILF
12923:6259D
12897:54481
9627:Plant
9473:Gagea
9167:Other
8940:Flora
8759:JSTOR
8742:Taxon
8633:(1).
8626:Aliso
8290:(PDF)
8273:(PDF)
8260:Other
7673:Books
7482:JSTOR
7431:Plc.
7331:"Éli"
7145:ASPCA
7123:S2CID
7080:S2CID
6878:(PDF)
6834:(PDF)
6649:(PDF)
6638:(PDF)
6610:(2).
6523:(2).
6240:(PDF)
6229:(PDF)
6154:S2CID
6096:(PDF)
6085:S2CID
6065:(PDF)
5705:JSTOR
5599:JSTOR
5407:(PDF)
5392:(PDF)
5190:(PDF)
5167:(PDF)
4786:JSTOR
4743:S2CID
4735:JSTOR
4682:CSIRO
4393:S2CID
4339:S2CID
4056:Other
3927:tiles
3918:Allah
3907:. In
3887:lâleh
3865:Iznik
3842:Allah
3699:Bible
3531:China
3384:Bulb
3349:Bulb
3243:Other
3187:Japan
3183:Chile
3127:Japan
3115:euros
3107:bulbs
3043:and
2879:Both
2820:fungi
2816:flies
2717:seeds
2713:moths
2705:wasps
2661:Gagea
2629:China
2588:Greek
2580:word
2552:from
2433:Gagea
2409:Torr.
2396:D.Don
2373:Wall.
2360:Pursh
2326:Honda
2322:Amana
2254:Gagea
2136:Eaton
2123:Tribe
2113:APweb
2102:Gagea
2086:Amana
1965:China
1899:bulbs
1841:Gagea
1687:clade
1617:order
1583:style
1579:ovary
1571:calyx
1529:Latin
1424:, an
1374:) or
1189:hilum
1173:raphe
1153:seeds
1145:septa
1131:Fruit
1054:ovary
1032:Gagea
893:Gagea
846:roots
697:tepal
689:style
494:ovary
453:order
422:with
345:APWeb
342:sensu
330:tribe
321:tribe
218:Juss.
187:Clade
174:Clade
161:Clade
13175:POWO
13118:4677
13113:NCBI
13087:ITIS
13079:1079
13048:IPNI
13022:GRIN
13014:7699
13009:GBIF
12944:EPPO
12936:4174
12905:BOLD
12892:APNI
9325:2014
9301:2014
9277:2014
9256:2014
9235:2014
9215:2014
9187:2014
9159:2014
9141:ISBN
9126:2014
9101:2015
9083:ISBN
9068:2014
9043:2014
9017:2014
8989:2014
8964:2014
8932:2014
8916:PMID
8879:2014
8858:2014
8837:2014
8825:ITIS
8817:2014
8796:2014
8712:2014
8692:2014
8674:ISBN
8651:2014
8635:ISSN
8601:2014
8583:ISBN
8568:2014
8555:ISBN
8540:2014
8527:ISBN
8506:2014
8465:2014
8439:2017
8421:ISBN
8406:2014
8393:ISBN
8378:2017
8360:ISBN
8345:2014
8332:ISBN
8311:ISBN
8298:2017
8277:ISBN
8252:2014
8234:ISBN
8219:2014
8201:ISBN
8174:2014
8151:2014
8128:2014
8104:2014
8081:2014
8058:2014
8028:2014
8005:2014
7978:2014
7954:2014
7928:2014
7912:OCLC
7865:2014
7835:2014
7817:ISBN
7802:2014
7789:ISBN
7774:2014
7761:ISBN
7746:2014
7728:ISBN
7713:2014
7695:ISBN
7657:2014
7627:2015
7609:ISBN
7588:2014
7556:2014
7525:2016
7507:ISBN
7451:2017
7433:ISBN
7408:2014
7370:ISBN
7347:2014
7312:PMID
7275:2014
7257:ISBN
7236:2014
7202:PMID
7157:2014
7115:PMID
7072:PMID
7033:PMID
7002:2014
6967:2014
6954:ISBN
6930:2014
6904:link
6890:2014
6860:link
6846:2014
6789:PMID
6758:2014
6745:ISBN
6718:ISBN
6688:2014
6657:2014
6620:2014
6585:2014
6559:2014
6533:2014
6498:2014
6472:2014
6459:ISBN
6438:2014
6408:2014
6315:2014
6285:PMID
6248:2014
6212:2014
6185:2014
6104:2014
6043:2014
6016:2014
5989:2016
5957:2014
5931:2016
5887:2014
5857:2014
5827:2014
5814:ISBN
5793:2014
5780:ISBN
5759:2017
5741:ISBN
5713:PMID
5664:PMID
5615:2019
5537:2014
5519:ISBN
5498:2014
5480:ISBN
5415:2014
5374:2014
5361:ISBN
5330:ISBN
5300:2014
5269:2014
5234:PMID
5198:2014
5144:2014
5118:2014
5100:ISBN
5063:PMID
4982:PMID
4938:2017
4920:ISBN
4892:2014
4862:2014
4849:ISBN
4826:2014
4813:ISBN
4704:2014
4686:ISBN
4654:2014
4641:ISBN
4618:2014
4600:ISBN
4572:2014
4559:ISBN
4515:ISBN
4494:2014
4481:ISBN
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