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lightship in United States service was lightvessel 44 built in 1882. One of the last United States wooden hulled lightships built, lightvessel 74, went into service at
Portland, Maine, in 1902. The first United States lightships with steam engine propulsion were built in 1891 for service on the Great Lakes where seasonal ice required prompt evacuation of light stations to avoid destruction of the lightships.
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2843:
792:. She was launched six months later and placed in service in September of the same year. Her first assignment was to the Ambrose Shoals off New York City and served at that station until 1967. After brief service as a relief lightship, she was assigned as one of two Nantucket lightships and served at that station until replaced by a buoy on December 20, 1983. She was moored at the Wareham Shipyard in
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the station at which they were presently serving was painted on their sides, to be changed as needed. Lightships held in reserve to serve in place of those in dock for maintenance were labeled "RELIEF". Surviving lightships are commonly taken to be named according to these labels, but for instance the "Lightship
1276:
and had "NEW BEDFORD" painted on her sides (despite the fact there never was a New
Bedford lightship). She was never adequately maintained and her hull decayed due to years of neglect. She remained in New Bedford until she sank at her mooring on May 31, 2006. She was deemed beyond repair and was sold
558:
There are three different and overlapping series of hull numbers. The
Lighthouse Service assigned numbers beginning with "LV-" and starting from 1; however, not all numbers were used. When the Coast Guard took over the lighthouse service, all existing lightships were renumbered with "WAL-" prefixes,
182:
were constructed of wood, shaped like the small merchant ships of the time, but this proved unsatisfactory for a permanently anchored ship, so the shape of the hull evolved to reduce rolling and pounding. As iron and steel hulls were popularized, so were they used in lightvessels, and the advent of
543:
lightships were identified by name, usually that of the station where they served. As they were moved from station to station, however, the keeping of records became hopelessly tangled. Therefore, in 1867 all existing lightships were given numbers by which they would be permanently identified, and
506:
The first United States lightships were small wooden vessels with no propelling power. The first United States iron-hulled lightship was stationed at
Merrill's Shell Bank, Louisiana, in 1847. Wood was still the preferred building material at the time because of lower cost and ability to withstand
446:
was made in 1995, and all vessels except the '20 class' have now been converted. The '20 class' is a slightly larger type of vessel that derives its power from diesel electric generators. Where a main light with a visible range in excess of 20 nautical miles (37 km) is required, a '20 class'
432:, the public authority charged with establishing and maintaining lighthouses in England and Wales, crowded out the private light vessels. Trinity House is now responsible for all the remaining lightvessels England and Wales, of which there are currently eight unmanned lightvessels and two smaller
511:
stations for more than 80 years; she had both an inner hull and an outer hull with the space between filled with salt to harden the wood and reduce decay. Several lightships built with composite wood and steel hulls in 1897 proved less durable than either wood or steel. The first modern steel
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was labeled "NEW BEDFORD", though there has never been such a station. In an attempt to sort out the early lightships, they were assigned one or two letter designations sometime around 1930; these identifications do not appear in early records, and they are to some degree uncertain.
190:
In the early 20th century, some lightships were fitted with warning bells mounted on their structure or lowered into the water, to warn of danger in poor visibility and to permit a crude estimation of the lightship's location relative to the approaching vessel. Tests conducted by
186:
Much of the ship was taken up by storage for lamp oil and other supplies, as well as crew accommodations. The crew's primary duty was to maintain the light; other tasks included keeping records of passing ships, observing the weather, and occasionally performing rescues.
559:
beginning with "WAL-501". In 1965 they were renumbered again, this time with "WLV-"; however in this case the numbers given were not sequential. Given that only six vessels were constructed after the Coast Guard takeover, the "LV-" series numbers are most commonly used.
301:
at the tops of masts, which were the first objects seen from an approaching ship. These markers were primarily red and occasionally white, and their designs designs varied. Filled circles or globes, as well as pairs of inverted cones were the most common among them.
320:
For visibility purposes, most later lightships had bright red hulls that displayed the name of the station in white, upper-case letters; relief light vessels displayed the word RELIEF instead. Some vessels had hulls coloured for specific purposes. For example, the
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upon which to mount the light. Initially, these lights consisted of oil lamps that were run up the mast and could be lowered for servicing, while later vessels carried fixed lamps which were serviced in place. As they became available,
3214:
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found that sound from a bell submerged some 18 feet (5.5 m) could be heard at a distance of 15 miles (24 km), with a practical range in operational conditions of one to three miles (1.6 to 4.8 km).
2351:
1488:"THE SUBMARINE BELL RIVALS JULES VERNE; Deep Under Water, It Sends Warnings in Fog and Storm. A TEST OF THE INVENTION Through the Signal's Receiver the Throb of an Unseen Steamship's Screw Could Be Heard"
1290:, influential English historian, in 1884 famously used the metaphor of lightships cut from their moorings and freely adrift to describe the thrilling uncertainty of industrial and cultural revolution.
1191:
Because lightvessels must remain anchored in specific positions for the majority of their time at sea, they are more at risk of damage or destruction. Many lightships have been lost in hurricanes.
175:
were used, and many vessels housed them in smaller versions of lighthouse lanterns. Some lightships had two masts, with the second housing a reserve beacon, in case of the main light's failure.
487:, which absorbed it in 1939. From 1820 until 1983, there were 179 lightships built for the U.S. government, and they were assigned to 116 separate light stations on four coasts (including the
119:, England, and placed there by its inventor Robert Hamblin in 1734. Lightships have become largely obsolete; some being replaced by lighthouses as construction techniques advanced, others by
3219:
608:. She served at all five Pacific Coast lightship stations (Blunts Reef and San Francisco, California; and the Columbia River entrance, Umatilla Reef, and Swiftsure Bank, Washington).
643:
183:
steam and diesel power led to self-propelled and electrically lit designs. Earlier vessels had no propulsion systems and had to be towed to and from their positions.
507:
shock loading. Wooden lightships often survived more than 50 years in northern waters where the danger of rotting was reduced. Lightvessel 16 guarded Sandy Hook and
3310:
684:
The lightship Winter
Quarter (LV-107) is moored at Liberty Landing Marina in Jersey City, New Jersey. She serves as the office building for a sailing school.
639:
901:
325:
was painted black since she was assigned the black buoy side of the entrance to the Lake Huron Cut. From 1854 until 1860, the lightvessel that operated at
297:
As well as the light, which operated both at night and in fog from one hour before sunset to one hour after sunrise, early lightvessels were equipped with
224:, which are still in use on many contemporary vessels, though these anchors are prone to dragging, making their performance unsatisfactory in rough seas.
1612:
1029:
851:
550:" actually served at two other stations as well as being used for examinations, and last served at the Delaware Light Station. In another case, the
1487:
1972:
1592:
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construction. Although some records exist of fire beacons being placed on ships in Roman times, the first modern lightvessel was located off the
3224:
2424:
781:
3186:
1231:
670:
769:. She operates as a floating hotel and events venue. Built in 1950 and operated at various stations from 1951 to 1983, she was designated
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2748:
2685:
762:
710:
699:
627:
546:
406:. This was a private venture that operated profitably and without the need for government enforcement of payment for lighting services.
3191:
2741:
2733:
2692:
2503:
2296:
1089:
1022:. In the early 1900s there were about ten lightships in the Russian sector of the Baltics. Among these the following may be mentioned:
736:
725:
688:
231:, named for their shape, which typically weigh 3-4 tons. The first lightvessel equipped with one was a converted fishing boat, renamed
2352:"A Critical Sudy of the Literary Works of J. A. Froude with Special Reference to the Novels, the Essays, and the Biography of Carlyle"
1739:
3181:
2770:
597:
2513:
2478:
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in 1820, and the total number around the coast peaked in 1909 with 56 locations marked. Of those ships, 168 were constructed by the
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2671:
1227:
751:
578:
2488:
2265:
2663:
2647:
2312:
1208:
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568:
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Hull numbers: 19, 22, 23 and 25 (the 20 class); 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 17 (solar lightvessels); and LF2 and LF3 (solar lightfloats).
447:
vessel is used, as the main light from a
Trinity House solar lightvessel has a maximum range of 19 nautical miles (35 km).
2720:
2570:
2518:
1721:
658:
439:
In the 1930s, "crewless lightships" were proposed as a way to operate a light vessel for six to twelve months without a crew.
2879:
2538:
353:
1916:
788:. She was the last lightship built in the United States and was laid down on February 4, 1952, at the Coast Guard Yard in
531: – both of which are cheaper to operate than lightvessels. In fact, lighthouses often replaced lightships.
1164:
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2642:
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era. It was the next-to-last
Russian lightship. Having been located in the Baltic in the 1980s, it was briefly renamed
3279:
2440:
2408:
1530:
1396:
1106:
2539:
Information on the Huron
Lightship from the Port Huron Museum (including hours and a virtual tour of the Lightship.)
2152:
1265:
480:
2493:
1361:
2528:
1819:
Sellman, John J. Martin Reef: Lightship to
Lighthouse. Cedarville, MI: Les Cheneaux Historical Association, 1995.
1365:
2602:
1769:
1574:
740:
586:
1200:
Lightship No. 84 (135 feet (41 m) long, weighing 683 tons), lies sunk since 1997 in a shallow section of
1151:, an unmanned lightvessel (effectively a floating lighthouse) built during 1916â17 in Sydney, operated in the
1014:, lightships have been documented since the mid 19th century. The lightvessel service was subordinated to the
1844:
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as a museum. The smallest surviving lightship, she is now a museum and a representative of the 96 foot class.
62:
3259:
3209:
3176:
2699:
23:
951:
3160:
3150:
2846:
1015:
984:
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There are currently three identical unmanned German lightvessels in service, named FS1, FS3 and FS4. The
714:
616:
220:
Holding the vessel in position was an important aspect of lightvessel engineering. Early lightships used
3305:
2563:
1980:
1589:
1273:
1248:
1057:
785:
766:
368:
3135:
2872:
1701:
1452:
1350:
1237:
Lightship No. 61 "Corsica Shoals" was destroyed in the same storm on Lake Huron as
Lightship 82. See
1223:
516:
484:
333:, had a light yellow hull, to increase contrast between the blue-green seas and the hills behind it.
1794:
1387:. A Richard Jackson Book: Atheneum Books for Young Readers. Simon & Schuster Children's Books A
3155:
524:
3145:
3130:
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2637:
2102:
2052:
1355:
703:
620:
3140:
1132:
3038:
2899:
2713:
1566:
1560:
1522:
793:
635:
2957:
2556:
1414:
1343:
1116:, of the same class as Irbensky. Until 1997 she was marking the deepwater channel leading to
692:
342:
45:
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1308:
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631:
590:
213:
3265:
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1747:
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1545:
Candela, Rosolino A. and Vincent J. Geloso (September 2018) "The lightship in economics",
747:. The first lightship on the Pacific Coast, she marked the entrance to the Columbia River.
539:
The naming and numbering of American lightships is often confusing. Up to and through the
8:
3300:
2947:
2836:
2612:
2384:
1152:
755:
718:
605:
3013:
2937:
2418:
2316:
1515:
1380:
1297:
1179:
582:
540:
262:
2207:
2182:
1697:
1443:
673:âwas placed at Waugoshance Shoal. After 1940, the Huron was the last lightship on the
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The official use of lightships in the United States ended on March 29, 1985, when the
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3114:
3099:
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2932:
2909:
2815:
2607:
2436:
2404:
2330:
1570:
1526:
1419:
1392:
1261:
1219:
1146:
1081:
601:
179:
2127:
1725:
2678:
1369:
573:
It is estimated that there are 15 United States lightships left today. Among them:
2523:
1828:
1652:
White, Richard D., Jr., LT USCG "Destination Nowhere - Twilight of the Lightship"
732:. She has been painted for the "OVERFALLS" station, though she never served there.
242:, Scotland with an anchor weighing 1.5 tons. The introduction of cast iron anchor
2952:
2942:
2763:
2473:
2433:
Light in the darkness - a history of lightships and the people who served on them
2300:
1596:
1269:
1238:
1201:
1171:
1065:
744:
729:
647:
508:
322:
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494:
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David Avery and Robert Hamblin in 1731 placed the earliest British lightship at
2989:
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2727:
1924:
1327:
1037:
955:
476:
305:
221:
167:
3053:
2543:
2457:
2452:
1268:, served as an active lightship from 1930 to 1971. Her last assignment was at
650:, before being sold to the museum. Today LV-101 is dry docked and lettered as
383:
246:
in the 1820s improved their effectiveness dramatically in the 1820s, with the
3294:
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2466:
1600:
1339:
1334:
1045:
987:
917:
903:
867:
853:
777:
until 1983. She was the last American lightship to be decommissioned in 1985.
429:
422:
330:
285:
247:
204:
192:
1258:
homing in on its radio beacon, with a loss of seven out of a crew of eleven.
131:
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1313:
1301:
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973:
403:
363:
326:
172:
112:
41:
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258:
3048:
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2793:
2579:
1384:
1252:
1175:
1160:
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674:
666:
662:
488:
443:
433:
372:
358:
274:
140:
69:
was the world's largest manned lightship, the last lightship at position
52:
30:
2160:
2077:
228:
100:. They are used in waters that are too deep or otherwise unsuitable for
19:
3104:
3073:
3028:
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2798:
1174:
was launched in 1927 and served for 48 years. It is now preserved as a
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1077:
1019:
964:
831:
528:
499:
414:
376:
101:
97:
805:
3109:
1215:
1117:
1102:
1049:
634:. LV-101 was built in 1915 by Pusey & Jones. She first served at
458:
270:
155:
144:
34:
2622:
2027:
2002:
1032: – later moved to the Petrovsky Channel and renamed,
990:
and can be seen in the harbour of Wilhelmshaven during maintenance.
238:
meaning lighthouse, which entered service on 15 September 1807 near
56:
2994:
2483:
399:
239:
150:
108:
1829:
Wagner, John L., Chronology of Michigan lightship and lighthouses
3058:
2984:
2514:"Aboard Lightship Five-Fathoms", December 1931, Popular Mechanics
2385:"U. S. Coast Guard Aids to Navigation: A Historical Bibliography"
1073:
1052:. Other Baltic lightships were located further to the West, with
960:
410:
391:
298:
159:
2519:
Ambrose lightship at New York City's South Street Seaport Museum
1628:
3083:
2706:
2548:
1562:
Heart of Oak: A Survey of British Sea Power in the Georgian Era
1472:
Bowen, J. P. (1946). "Lighthouses". In Pendred, Loughan (ed.).
1011:
418:
233:
212:(LV-101) shows its mushroom anchor. It can be seen at downtown
116:
2857:
2315:. United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. Archived from
2313:"Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Michigan"
998:
2788:
2524:
U. S. Coast Guard's "Lightships of the U. S. Government" site
954:
with a cycle period of 8s at 12m elevation and a range of 17
243:
120:
77:
1354:, a 1963 West German film adapted from the Lenz novel, with
250:
being 6 feet (1.8 m) of chain for every foot of water.
2508:
2379:, (Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1945).
1946:
105:
93:
71:
2534:
Huron Lightship page from Terry Pepper's Seeing the Light.
1833:, Clarke Historical Library, Central, Michigan University.
1163:. After her career ended in 1985, she was donated to the
166:
The most important element of lightship design is a tall
2245:"U.S. Coast Guard Historical Bibliography on Lightships"
1891:
1204:
and its two masts are still visible above the surface.
819:
773:
in 1979 and rotated at the Nantucket station with the
475:
The first United States lightship was established at
2529:
HNSA Ship Page: Lightship Overfalls, Lewes, Delaware
1476:(52 ed.). London: Morgan Brothers. p. 656.
3215:
International Association of Lighthouse Authorities
1724:. Lighthousefriends.com. 2010-05-23. Archived from
1629:"Maritime Heritage Program - National Park Service"
227:Since the early 19th century, lightships have used
1514:
2232:Carpentaria, An Unmanned Lightship - ANMM Website
1312:, a 1940 British propaganda film produced during
677:. She was decommissioned in 1970 and grounded at
661:is one of many that have plied the waters of the
3292:
1338:, a 1985 film adapted from the Lenz novel, with
1018:and most of the lightships under it were in the
845:in German. Two of them are normally located at:
646:. After being decommissioned, she was stored in
562:
2393:Lighthouses and Lightships of the United States
2387:. United States Coast Guard Historian's Office.
3225:International Lighthouse and Lightship Weekend
1437:
1435:
946:Both positions have the same characteristics:
3311:Ships of the United States Lighthouse Service
2873:
2564:
1692:
1690:
1244:LV-6 and LV-73 were both lost with all hands.
1232:List of victims of the 1913 Great Lakes storm
216:, and is a part of the Naval Shipyard Museum.
2398:
1664:
1662:
1272:. In 1975, she was purchased by the city of
1112:The last Russian lightvessel in service was
1670:"Clarke Home - Central Michigan University"
1646:
1613:"Crewless Lightship Is New Flying Dutchman"
1583:
1432:
37:. The day markers can be seen on the masts.
2880:
2866:
2571:
2557:
2423:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1687:
1120:harbour while it was doing service in the
630:is moored at the naval shipyard museum in
502:, New Jersey, as it appeared in the 1890s.
1659:
1654:United States Naval Institute Proceedings
2399:Wright, Larry; Wright, Patricia (2011).
1845:"Michigan Government on Huron Lightship"
1228:Shipwrecks of the 1913 Great Lakes storm
1131:
997:
818:
804:
493:
457:
382:
357:
304:
284:
257:
203:
149:
130:
61:
40:
18:
2395:, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1933).
1512:
569:List of lightships of the United States
534:
519:decommissioned its last such ship, the
375:. The ship has since been moved to the
3293:
2290:Vogel, Michael N. and Paul F. Redding
2103:"OpenSeaMap - The free nautical chart"
2053:"OpenSeaMap - The free nautical chart"
1722:"Lightship New Bedford LV 114/WAL 536"
1558:
1322:a translation of the 1960 short story
453:
336:
2861:
2552:
2509:Lightship Frying Pan in New York City
1872:. United States Lightship Museum, Inc
1517:Seven Wonders of the Industrial World
1471:
1441:
1036:in the middle of the main channel to
993:
665:. In 1832 the first Lightship on the
523:. Many lightships were replaced with
354:List of lightvessels of Great Britain
347:
3255:
3187:Lighthouses by century of completion
2842:
1565:. Oxford University Press. pp.
983:All three ships are operated by the
800:
442:The first lightvessel conversion to
3275:
2484:Lightship Service in Russian Waters
2294:, Buffalo History, Lightship LV 82.
1740:"1904 Lightship: No. 83, Swiftsure"
1549:, Vol. 176, Issue 3â4, pp. 479â506.
1165:Australian National Maritime Museum
754:is moored at Jack London Square in
16:Ship that functions as a lighthouse
13:
2369:
1281:
1186:
1140:at wharf close to the ANMM, Sydney
1127:
154:Some lightships, like this one in
14:
3322:
3192:Lighthouses by year of completion
2446:
2382:
1474:The Engineer's Year-Book for 1946
1364:: A fictional lightship from the
1266:Albina Engine & Machine Works
1107:Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
1087:Another well-known lightship was
293:Lightship showing a large foghorn
3274:
3264:
3254:
3245:
3244:
3220:Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society
3182:Lighthouses by heritage register
3012:
2841:
2832:
2831:
2621:
2578:
2499:Stevenson's Bell Rock lighthouse
2331:"LV-6 history, U.S. Coast Guard"
1226:with the loss of six lives. See
1072:over the treacherous shoals off
782:lightship Nantucket II (WLV-613)
481:United States Lighthouse Service
409:Further vessels were placed off
121:large automated navigation buoys
2887:
2544:Storbrotten lightship, YouTube.
2344:
2323:
2305:
2283:
2258:
2237:
2225:
2200:
2175:
2145:
2120:
2095:
2070:
2045:
2020:
1995:
1965:
1939:
1909:
1884:
1858:
1837:
1822:
1813:
1787:
1762:
1732:
1714:
1251:was rammed and sunk in 1934 by
938:German Bight Western Approach (
763:lightship Nantucket I (WLV-612)
644:Stonehorse Shoal, Massachusetts
126:
2603:Five Fathom Bank light station
2453:1926 Christmas on a lightship.
1977:Columbia River Maritime Museum
1947:"Lightship Overfalls (LV-118)"
1801:. City of Portsmouth, Virginia
1621:
1606:
1552:
1539:
1506:
1480:
1465:
741:Columbia River Maritime Museum
587:lightship for Five Fathom Bank
265:(originally British lightship
1:
2401:Lightships of the Great Lakes
2153:"ĐНавŃŃиК ПаŃĐş "Nekmangrund""
1425:
985:Waterways and Shipping Office
711:lightship Chesapeake (LV-116)
700:lightship Frying Pan (LV-115)
628:lightship Portsmouth (LV-101)
563:Surviving American lightships
253:
76:In the picture on a visit to
3210:General lighthouse authority
2467:Information about lightships
1951:Lightship Overfalls (LV-118)
1866:"Nantucket Lightship/LV-112"
1831:Beacons Shining in the Night
1445:A History of U.S. Lightships
1366:children's television series
1076:Island's NW shore, known as
737:lightship Columbia (WLV-604)
726:lightship Overfalls (LV-118)
689:lightship Nantucket (LV-112)
654:, having never served there.
379:museum, also in Southampton.
367:lightship on display at the
7:
2905:Conservation of lighthouses
2375:United States Coast Guard,
1921:Historic Ships in Baltimore
1799:Lightship Portsmouth Museum
1774:South Street Seaport Museum
1403:
1383:children's picture book by
1016:Russian Hydrographic Office
796:from about 1990 until 2014.
715:Historic Ships in Baltimore
617:South Street Seaport Museum
598:lightship Swiftsure (LV-83)
10:
3327:
2479:Trinity House lightvessels
2028:"Feuerschiff German Bight"
1870:Nantucket Lightship/LV-112
1521:. Fourth Estate. pp.
1274:New Bedford, Massachusetts
1249:Nantucket Lightship LV-117
786:New Bedford, Massachusetts
767:New Bedford, Massachusetts
752:lightship Relief (WLV-605)
579:lightship Barnegat (LV-79)
566:
470:
351:
340:
199:
158:, were also equipped with
3240:
3200:
3169:
3123:
3092:
3021:
3010:
2977:
2925:
2918:
2895:
2827:
2781:
2656:
2630:
2619:
2595:
2586:
2208:"Astrakhanskiy lightship"
1702:United States Coast Guard
1513:Cadbury, Deborah (2003).
1453:United States Coast Guard
1224:Great Lakes Storm of 1913
1167:in 1987 for preservation.
1145:The Australian lightship
613:lightship Ambrose (LV-87)
517:United States Coast Guard
485:United States Coast Guard
135:Former Belgian lightship
2403:. Ontario. p. 146.
1502:– via NYTimes.com.
702:is moored at Pier 66 in
659:lightship Huron (LV-103)
529:large navigational buoys
309:United States lightship
67:Bßrgermeister O´Swald II
2266:"40.672184, -74.016706"
1698:"Early U.S. Lightships"
1442:Flint, Willard (1993).
1356:James Robertson Justice
1064:at the entrance of the
1044:on Londonsky Shoal off
892:in charts and notices,
704:New York City, New York
621:New York City, New York
281:serving as a restaurant
3039:Automatic lamp changer
2900:History of lighthouses
2128:"Lightships in Russia"
1953:. Overfalls Foundation
1892:"Lightship Frying Pan"
1795:"Lightship Portsmouth"
1157:Sandy Cape, Queensland
1141:
1114:Astrakhansky-priyomniy
1007:
827:
816:
794:Wareham, Massachusetts
636:Cape Charles, Virginia
503:
467:
402:near the mouth of the
395:
380:
317:
294:
282:
217:
163:
147:
81:
59:
38:
2489:Lightship day markers
2234:(accessed 2017-01-10)
2003:"Nantucket Lightship"
1559:Marcus, G.J. (1975).
1415:Lists of lightvessels
1344:Klaus Maria Brandauer
1135:
1001:
822:
808:
693:Boston, Massachusetts
497:
461:
390:following a refit at
388:Breaksea Light Vessel
386:
361:
343:Lists of lightvessels
308:
288:
261:
207:
178:Initially, lightship
153:
134:
65:
44:
22:
3079:Light characteristic
2978:Navigational purpose
2805:Men of the Lightship
2589:List of lightvessels
2183:"Irbensky Lightship"
1973:"Lightship Columbia"
1896:Lightship Frying Pan
1410:Lists of lighthouses
1389:Junior Library Guild
1309:Men of the Lightship
1264:(WAL-536), built by
1241:for further details.
1060:(Koivisto) harbour,
970:and 30s cycle period
790:Curtis Bay, Maryland
679:Port Huron, Michigan
632:Portsmouth, Virginia
591:Barnegat, New Jersey
535:Naming and numbering
421:in 1788, and at the
214:Portsmouth, Virginia
111:at the mouth of the
3177:Lighthouse builders
2613:Lightship Nantucket
2504:Buffalo Harbor LV82
2435:. (Amberley, 2016)
2391:Putnam, George R.,
2007:Nantucket Lightship
1770:"Lightship Ambrose"
1656:March 1976 pp.67-68
1603:, accessed 02-09-08
1153:Gulf of Carpentaria
1101:while serving near
1048:on the approach to
913: /
863: /
756:Oakland, California
719:Baltimore, Maryland
640:Overfalls, Delaware
606:Seattle, Washington
454:American lightships
337:Lightvessel service
2472:2007-06-05 at the
2377:Aids to Navigation
2299:2012-05-28 at the
2107:map.openseamap.org
2057:map.openseamap.org
1917:"LV116 Chesapeake"
1595:2008-08-28 at the
1590:Aids to Navigation
1492:The New York Times
1142:
1008:
994:Russian lightships
918:54.1650°N 6.3450°E
868:54.1800°N 7.4583°E
828:
817:
583:Camden, New Jersey
504:
468:
396:
381:
348:British lightships
318:
295:
283:
218:
164:
148:
82:
60:
39:
3306:Navigational aids
3288:
3287:
3231:Lighthouse Digest
3044:Bird-cage lantern
3008:
3007:
2855:
2854:
2608:Lightship Ambrose
2494:Lightship anchors
2163:on 8 October 2016
1744:Northwest Seaport
1616:Popular Mechanics
1420:Lighthouse tender
1262:Lightship No. 114
1178:and is moored at
1028:, located on the
801:German lightships
739:is moored at the
615:is moored at the
602:Northwest Seaport
498:Lightship #51 at
3318:
3278:
3277:
3268:
3258:
3257:
3248:
3247:
3016:
2923:
2922:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2859:
2858:
2845:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2625:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2550:
2549:
2462:, youtube video.
2428:
2422:
2414:
2388:
2383:Price, Scott T.
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2309:
2303:
2292:Maritime Buffalo
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2212:www.plavmayak.ru
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2187:www.plavmayak.ru
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2159:. Archived from
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2132:www.plavmayak.ru
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2082:www.baken-net.de
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2032:www.baken-net.de
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1983:on 17 April 2016
1979:. Archived from
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1923:. Archived from
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1841:
1835:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1746:. Archived from
1736:
1730:
1729:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1666:
1657:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1625:
1619:
1610:
1604:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1556:
1550:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1520:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1450:
1439:
1362:Lillie Lightship
976:with morse code
937:
936:
934:
933:
932:
930:
925:
924:
919:
914:
911:
910:
909:
906:
887:
886:
884:
883:
882:
880:
875:
874:
869:
864:
861:
860:
859:
856:
826:in Wilhelmshaven
229:mushroom anchors
3326:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3236:
3202:
3196:
3165:
3119:
3088:
3017:
3004:
2973:
2914:
2891:
2886:
2856:
2851:
2823:
2777:
2652:
2626:
2617:
2591:
2582:
2577:
2474:Wayback Machine
2449:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2372:
2370:Further reading
2367:
2366:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2301:Wayback Machine
2288:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2009:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1753:
1751:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1706:
1704:
1696:
1695:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1618:, December 1932
1611:
1607:
1597:Wayback Machine
1588:
1584:
1577:
1557:
1553:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1448:
1440:
1433:
1428:
1406:
1324:Das Feuerschiff
1284:
1282:Popular culture
1270:Portland, Maine
1239:Huron Lightship
1202:New York Harbor
1189:
1187:Lost lightships
1172:Spurn Lightship
1136:Lightship CLS4
1130:
1128:Other countries
1066:Gulf of Finland
1030:Yelagin Channel
996:
928:
926:
923:54.1650; 6.3450
922:
920:
916:
915:
912:
907:
904:
902:
900:
899:
878:
876:
873:54.1800; 7.4583
872:
870:
866:
865:
862:
857:
854:
852:
850:
849:
803:
745:Astoria, Oregon
730:Lewes, Delaware
648:Portland, Maine
638:, then Relief,
571:
565:
537:
483:and six by the
473:
456:
356:
350:
345:
339:
323:Huron Lightship
269:) is docked in
256:
202:
129:
96:that acts as a
17:
12:
11:
5:
3324:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3272:
3262:
3252:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3206:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2990:Leading lights
2987:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2965:
2963:Skeletal tower
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2885:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2839:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2813:
2808:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2731:
2728:Lightship 2000
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2643:United Kingdom
2640:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2464:
2458:Floca, Brian,
2455:
2448:
2447:External links
2445:
2444:
2443:
2429:
2409:
2396:
2389:
2380:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2343:
2322:
2319:on 2017-05-01.
2304:
2282:
2257:
2236:
2224:
2199:
2174:
2144:
2119:
2094:
2069:
2044:
2019:
1994:
1964:
1938:
1927:on 21 May 2016
1908:
1883:
1857:
1836:
1821:
1812:
1786:
1761:
1750:on 20 May 2016
1731:
1728:on 2012-10-04.
1713:
1686:
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1645:
1620:
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1575:
1551:
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1505:
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1422:
1417:
1412:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1374:
1359:
1347:
1331:
1328:Siegfried Lenz
1320:The Lightship,
1317:
1305:
1291:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1259:
1245:
1242:
1235:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1168:
1129:
1126:
1038:St. Petersburg
995:
992:
981:
980:
971:
958:
956:nautical miles
952:isophase light
944:
943:
897:
888:German Bight (
841:, which means
802:
799:
798:
797:
778:
759:
748:
733:
722:
707:
696:
685:
682:
655:
624:
609:
594:
585:. She was the
564:
561:
536:
533:
477:Chesapeake Bay
472:
469:
455:
452:
352:Main article:
349:
346:
341:Main article:
338:
335:
255:
252:
201:
198:
173:Fresnel lenses
137:West-Hinder II
128:
125:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3323:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3281:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3253:
3251:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:organizations
3199:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3161:South America
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3151:North America
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
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3077:
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3065:
3062:
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3057:
3055:
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2898:
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2883:
2878:
2876:
2871:
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2864:
2863:
2860:
2848:
2840:
2838:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2812:
2811:Trinity House
2809:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
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2787:
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2698:
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2681:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2667:
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2662:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2648:United States
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
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2461:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2442:
2441:9781445646589
2438:
2434:
2431:Clark, Liam.
2430:
2426:
2420:
2412:
2410:9780987815101
2406:
2402:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2381:
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2098:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1952:
1948:
1942:
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1918:
1912:
1897:
1893:
1887:
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1840:
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1749:
1745:
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1723:
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1703:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1675:
1674:www.cmich.edu
1671:
1665:
1663:
1655:
1649:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1602:
1601:Trinity House
1598:
1594:
1591:
1586:
1578:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1555:
1548:
1547:Public Choice
1542:
1534:
1532:9780007163045
1528:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1509:
1494:. 7 June 1906
1493:
1489:
1483:
1475:
1468:
1454:
1447:
1446:
1438:
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3069:Lens lantern
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3000:Sector light
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2580:Lightvessels
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1314:World War II
1307:
1302:Archie Binns
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1288:J. A. Froude
1254:
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1170:The British
1147:
1137:
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1111:
1105:port in the
1099:Ventspilssky
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1095:Soviet Union
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1054:Werkommatala
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814:German Bight
813:
812:at position
809:
775:Nantucket II
774:
770:
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557:
551:
545:
538:
525:Texas Towers
520:
514:
505:
474:
463:
449:
441:
438:
434:light floats
427:
413:in 1736, at
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404:River Thames
397:
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364:Calshot Spit
362:
327:Minots Ledge
319:
313:
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279:Breeveertien
278:
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185:
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165:
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127:Construction
113:River Thames
89:
85:
83:
70:
66:
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25:
3280:WikiProject
3093:Maintenance
3054:DalĂŠn light
3049:Carcel lamp
3034:Argand lamp
2889:Lighthouses
2794:Light float
2701:Finngrundet
2680:Carpentaria
2336:21 February
2275:21 February
2270:Google Maps
2250:21 February
2217:21 February
2192:21 February
2167:21 February
2137:21 February
2112:21 February
2087:21 February
2062:21 February
2037:21 February
1850:21 February
1679:21 February
1638:21 February
1633:www.nps.gov
1498:21 February
1391:Selection.
1385:Brian Floca
1176:museum ship
1161:Bass Strait
1148:Carpentaria
1138:Carpentaria
1122:Caspian Sea
1070:Nekmangrund
1062:Lyserortsky
1004:Nekmangrund
921: /
896:on vessels)
871: /
843:lightvessel
839:Feuerschiff
771:Nantucket I
675:Great Lakes
671:Lois McLain
667:Great Lakes
663:Great Lakes
521:Nantucket I
489:Great Lakes
444:solar power
428:Over time,
373:Southampton
299:day markers
275:Netherlands
141:museum ship
86:lightvessel
53:museum ship
47:Fehmarnbelt
31:museum ship
26:Finngrundet
3301:Lightships
3295:Categories
3270:Wiktionary
3170:Categories
3136:Antarctica
3105:Light dues
3074:Lewis lamp
3029:Aerobeacon
2958:Screw-pile
2799:Lighthouse
2750:Portsmouth
2715:Gedser Rev
2687:Chesapeake
2357:4 February
1707:2008-07-16
1576:0192158120
1458:2008-07-18
1426:References
1298:1934 novel
1294:Lightship,
1277:for scrap.
1207:Lightship
1078:Hiiu Madal
1026:Yelaginsky
1020:Baltic Sea
1002:Lightship
965:morse code
927: (
908:006°20.7â˛E
877: (
858:007°27.5â˛E
832:initialism
652:Portsmouth
567:See also:
547:Chesapeake
500:Sandy Hook
462:Lightship
415:Owers Bank
377:Solent Sky
291:North Carr
254:Appearance
210:Portsmouth
208:Lightship
102:lighthouse
98:lighthouse
24:Lightship
3124:Locations
2772:Swiftsure
2743:Overfalls
2735:Nantucket
2730:(Helwick)
2460:Lightship
2419:cite book
2157:diving.ee
1377:Lightship
1216:Lake Erie
1118:Astrakhan
1103:Ventspils
1050:Kronstadt
1042:Londonsky
905:54°09.9â˛N
855:54°10.8â˛N
541:Civil War
464:Columbia,
425:in 1793.
271:Rotterdam
156:Amsterdam
145:Zeebrugge
90:lightship
49:Lightship
35:Stockholm
3250:Category
3022:Fixtures
2995:Sea mark
2970:(acting)
2948:Integral
2837:Category
2694:Columbia
2673:Barnegat
2596:Stations
2470:Archived
2297:Archived
1593:Archived
1404:See also
1090:Irbensky
1082:Estonian
1058:Primorsk
400:The Nore
394:in 1978.
371:marina,
240:Inchcape
160:foghorns
139:, now a
109:sandbank
51:, now a
29:, now a
3260:Commons
3156:Oceania
3100:Keepers
3059:Foghorn
2985:Daymark
2938:Caisson
2910:Museums
2847:Commons
2782:Related
2665:Ambrose
2657:Museums
2638:Ireland
1255:Olympic
1220:Buffalo
1211:Buffalo
1182:marina.
1093:of the
1074:Hiiumaa
961:foghorn
509:Ambrose
471:History
466:WLV-604
411:Norfolk
392:Swansea
200:Mooring
92:, is a
3201:Global
3146:Europe
3131:Africa
3115:Tender
3084:VRB-25
2968:Vessel
2933:Aerial
2817:Relief
2760:(1950)
2757:Relief
2738:(1936)
2708:Fladen
2668:(1907)
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1573:
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1395:
1209:LV-82
1155:, off
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1034:Nevsky
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1006:(1898)
950:white
940:GW/EMS
929:GW/EMS
642:, and
552:LV-114
419:Sussex
244:chains
234:Pharos
117:London
57:LĂźbeck
2919:Types
2789:Lanby
2765:Spurn
2722:Huron
2631:Lists
2012:7 May
1987:7 May
1957:7 May
1931:7 May
1901:7 May
1876:7 May
1805:7 May
1779:7 May
1754:7 May
1567:53â54
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1218:near
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311:Huron
277:, as
263:LV-11
180:hulls
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3141:Asia
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2437:ISBN
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2039:2019
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1959:2016
1933:2016
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