Libyan Air Force - Knowledge

950:, announced that he had defected and joined the revolution, and this is the earliest case of Libyan air force personnel defecting to the opposition. Very quickly defections have started to have effect on pro-Gaddafi air force—according to the opposition sources, hundreds of pilots, technicians and ground personnel have defected to the opposition during the first half of March. On the same day, on 13 March 2011, according to the news published on 20 March by the opposition media wing Al Manara Media, pilot Muhammad Mokhtar Osman crashed his fighter jet, an MiG-23BN, on Bab al-Azizia compound in Tripoli in an apparent kamikaze-style suicide attack on pro-Gaddafi military high command, in which Khamis Gaddafi was heavily wounded and died from his wounds a week later on 20 March; however, this news wasn't confirmed by any independent sources and was right away denied by pro-Gaddafi media wing, and was finally confirmed to be misinformation when on 9 June a captured pro-Gaddafi loyalist soldier in Misrata told the rebel forces that he personally saw that Khamis Gaddafi was alive and well, leading his soldiers in Zliten. 1289:

jets targeted pro-GNA positions at Misrata, Tripoli International airport and throughout the city of Tripoli. On 10 April, during heavy fighting south of Tripoli, pro-LNA military 166th brigade claimed to have shot down with a ZU-23-2 anti-aircraft gun a pro-GNA L-39ZO Albatros fighter jet, which flew from the Misrata air force base. On 14 April 2019, pro-GNA forces shot down a pro-LNA MiG-21MF in the area of Ain Zara, Tripoli, with a Chinese-made FN-6 MANPADS (pro-LNA forces claim that the aircraft crashed due to technical problems), its pilot Jamal Ben Amer ejected safely and survived, being retrieved by pro-LNA Mi-35 helicopter. On 17 April, pro-LNA forces captured in the Tripoli outskirts from pro-GNA forced several Chinese-made FN-6 MANPADs, confirming the claims that pro-GNA forces have been armed with such advanced anti-aircraft weapons, which were also not previously in use by the Libyan armed forces before the NATO-led intervention in 2011—according to the pro-LNA and Egyptian sources, the Chinese-made FN-6 MANPADs were supplied to pro-GNA forces by Qatar via Sudan.

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force just left, crippling its fighting capabilities. Pilots were another problem for the pro-GNA air force – both mercenary pilots and local Libyan pilots refused on many occasions to "bomb the Libyan people", refusing to obey orders of the pro-GNA air force to bomb pro-LNA positions and leaving because of that, which severely limited their fighting capabilities. Probably because of that, and because of lack of progress against ISIL militants in the battle for Sirte in 2016., pro-GNA forces formally requested the US air force to start conducting air strikes against ISIL militants in and around the city of Sirte starting from 1 August 2016. under the name "Operation Odyssey Lightning", which helped the pro-GNA forces to advance in the city - by the time Sirte was finally captured by pro-GNA forces on 6 December 2016. and "Operation Odyssey Lightning" declared concluded by AFRICOM on 20 December 2016., US air force conducted 495 precision airstrikes on ISIL positions in and around the city of Sirte, killing around 800 to 900 ISIL militants.

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captured al-Watiya air force base, where 10 to 12 decommissioned Su-22 bombers, several Mi-25 combat attack helicopters and possibly up to 21 decommissioned Mirage F-1ED fighter jets, as well as all spare parts and weapons for Mirage F-1ED and Su-22 aircraft, were stored there—this defeat crippled the pro-GNA air forces, because now they lost their main source of spare parts for maintaining their Mirage F-1ED fighter jets. The al-Watiya air force base was one of the few that escaped total destruction during the NATO-led intervention in 2011 because in its 43 hardened aircraft shelters were stored almost exclusively decommissioned aircraft, so they were not deemed a threat to coalition forces. Just several munition depots located near the airbase and only three hardened aircraft shelters, one where the last operational pro-Gaddafi Mirage F-1BD trainer fighter jet was stationed, and two where the last two operational pro-Gaddafi Su-22M3 bombers were stationed were destroyed.

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were spared from destruction in NATO-led intervention in 2011 because they weren't considered a threat to NATO-led forces), and these MiG-25 aircraft were relocated by pro-GNA forces from the Al-Juffrah air force base to the Misrata air force base at the beginning of 2015 in order to be overhauled, repaired and returned to active combat service. One of those newly restored aircraft, a two-seat MiG-25PU trainer version, crashed during its first post-restoration flight on 6 May 2015—(LNA claims that it shot it down, but that remains unconfirmed), during a bombing run on positions of pro-LNA forces at the civilian airport at Al-Zintan. Its pilot, colonel Hassan Mahmoud Misrati, successfully ejected and was captured by the pro-LNA forces. Despite poor performances in the war, pro-GNA forces with the help of Ukrainian specialists continued to overhaul and repair more MiG-25 fighter jets through 2017 and 2018 in order to bring them back to active combat service.

878:, Libyan People's Air Force warplanes and attack helicopters launched repeated airstrikes on protesters, reportedly targeting a funeral procession and a group of protesters trying to reach an army base. The human rights researcher Ahmed Elgazir had reported, that the Libyan News Centre (LNC) received a satellite phone call from an unnamed woman who was "witnessing the massacre in progress". This information could not be verified, since phone lines in the country had been blocked. During the opening month of the Libyan civil war between 19 February and 19 March, rebel forces managed to capture four out of 13 Libyan air force airfields, and were attacking multiple others—to prevent their destruction, according to the opposition sources, most of Libyan People's Air Force fighter jets and helicopters that were still serviceable were relocated to Ghardabiya air force base near Sirte and Mitiga air force base near Tripoli. 909:. According to the opposition sources, many Libyan People's Air Force pilots had refused, multiple times, to obey orders to bomb protesters, instead dropping their bombs purposely off target in deserted areas. Also on the same day, on 23 February 2011, rebels captured the Benina air force base south of Benghazi—during the battle for the airport, one pro-Gaddafi Mi-24 combat attack helicopter (serial number "853") was destroyed on the ground by rebel forces, while two more helicopters (Mi-25D combat attack helicopter serial number "854", and one Mi-14 transport helicopter serial number "1406") were captured by the rebel forces. Rebels claimed to have shot down Jamahiriya fighter jets and attack helicopters over Brega and Ra's Lanuf. Another pro-Gaddafi helicopter (either Mi-8 or Mi-24) was shot down at Misrata by rebel forces with MANPADS, the crew of five survived and was captured by rebel forces. 1019: 1285:, during which Air Force planes loyal to the GNA attacked LNA positions. On 8 April 2019, a series of airstrikes was carried out by both pro-LNA and pro-GNA air forces—pro-GNA fighter jets bombed on that day the pro-LNA al-Watiya air force base, 130 kilometers south of Tripoli, and in response to that attack pro-LNA MiG-21 fighter jets launched from that same air force base successfully bombed the pro-GNA Mitiga International Airport in Tripoli, damaging it, and after this pro-LNA bombing raid, the Mitiga International Airport was temporarily closed between 8 April and 10 April—during those airstrikes at Mitiga airport, pro-LNA air forces reportedly damaged one pro-GNA air force CH-47 Chinook helicopter on the ground. 1177:(ISIL), which had taken control of parts of northern Libya around the city of Sirte—using their L-39ZO, Mirage F-1ED and MiG-23ML fighter jets, pro-GNA forces conducted dozens of airstrikes on ISIL positions both outside and inside of the city of Sirte during the entire summer of 2016, but with limited results. During the 2015. and 2016., pro-GNA air force has launched over 600 airstrikes on both pro-LNA forces and ISIL militants in and around the city of Sirte, with vast majority of these strikes being conducted by pro-GNA aircraft stationed at the Misrata air force base (as seen by news camera on 4 September 2016. At the Misrata air force base - two MiG-23MLD, five 1233:

plane crash few days earlier (Islamists claim that they shot it down), killing its pilot Rafa al-Alani and at least one civilian on the ground. Another pro-LNA fighter jet, now MiG-21UM, crashed due to technical problems during takeoff for a training flight on 18 May 2016 at the Tobruk airport, pilot colonel Mohamed Rabie al-Shawa died in the crash while co-pilot captain Abdul Quader Mohamed survived the crash but was injured. On 29 March 2017, another pro-LNA MiG-21bis crashed at the city of Tobruk after returning from a bombing mission against Islamist positions in the town on Derna—its pilot, LNA air brigadier Saleh Joudah, the commander of the

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Nations Security Council resolution 1973. Despite that, both pro-Gaddafi and pro-rebel air forces continued their sorties for the next two days, launching multiple airstrikes up until the night of 19 March, when a no-fly zone was finally implemented by NATO forces, grounding both rebel and pro-Gaddafi fighter jets from then on. In the late afternoon of 19 March, first coalition airstrikes were launched against the Gaddafi regime, with French fighter jets bombing pro-Gaddafi tank columns at the entrance to Benghazi, stopping their offensive against rebel forces in Benghazi. US and British warships then launched more than 120

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launching multiple airstrikes during the first half of March on advancing Gaddafi forces in eastern Libya, with the hardest day of combat for the Free Libya air force being 19 March, when pro-Gaddafi forces tried to capture Benghazi. But rebel air force suffered heavy losses in process—according to opposition sources, between 1 March and 19 March, rebel air force launched a total of 38 combat sorties (nine of which were conducted by Mi-24 combat attack helicopters) against advancing pro-Gaddafi forces in eastern Libya, but lost in the process two fighter jets and one helicopter, suffering eight pilots and gunmen killed.

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jets (two of them Su-22 fighter bombers—their pilots were captured, reportedly being Syrian and Sudanese mercenaries) and two more pro-Gaddafi helicopters (either Mi-8 or Mi-24) were reportedly shot down by rebel forces during the fight for Ra's Lanuf between 5 March and 7 March, however these claims remain uncomfirmed. Exactly how many and what types of aircraft have been shot down were not confirmed by Jamahiriya government or independent sources. Using air power, the

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fighter jet, this time an MiG-23UB serial number "7834", was shot down by the Islamists during its bombing raid on Islamist positions in Garyunes area, Benghazi (LNA claims that it crashed due to technical problems), on 12 February 2016, its pilot ejected safely. In response to such heavy losses, during March and April 2016, two MiG23BN fighter jets with in-flight refueling probes, serial numbers "8985" and "4136", which were in storage ever since the early 1990s at

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sources claimed that they shot it down). Several more pro-Gaddafi helicopters and fighter jets were reportedly shot down by rebel forces during the fight for Brega between 2 March and 3 March, however this claims remain uncomfirmed. Several days later, on 4 March, one abandoned pro-Gaddafi Mi-8MT air ambulance helicopter serial number "2119" was captured by rebel forces at Ra's Lanuf airfield. Also, on 5 March 2011, rebels shot down near Ra's Lanuf a pro-Gaddafi

1309:, south of Misrata, as it was bombing pro-LNA positions around the town, however because Dafniya is over 100 kilometers away from the nearest pro-LNA frontline positions, this is highly questionable claim (pro-GNA forces confirmed that they lost the plane, but deny the pro-LNA claim of shooting it down, claiming instead that their L-39ZO fighter jet crashed due to technical malfunction after taking off); the pilot failed to eject, and was killed as a result. 248: 982:

pro-Gaddafi tank columns near Ajadabiyah—during those combat sorties one rebel Mi-24 combat attack helicopter was shot down by pro-Gaddafi forces near Ajadabiyah, killing three crew members while only one crew member, Ismael Kuttep, survived (among the killed was Hussien Werfalli, commander of rebel helicopter squadron at Benina air force base, who defected to the opposition from Ghardabiya air force base just days earlier).

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positions of Gaddafi's soldiers at Ajadabiya, but it was then shot down by Gaddafi loyalist forces; its pilot captain Hussein al-Warfali was killed. Also on the same day on 9 April, a Free Libyan air force MiG-23BN fighter jet was intercepted by NATO fighter jets over Benghazi, and escorted back to its base in accordance with the UN-authorized and established no-fly zone over Libya.

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and 2017. The military support of Egypt and the United Arab Emirates to Haftar's pro-LNA forces went even further than the supply of weapons and other military equipment, as both the Egyptian air force and the United Arab Emirates air force conducted multiple airstrikes on both pro-GNA forces and Islamist positions through eastern Libya between 2015 and 2017.

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transport aircraft that were delivering supplies to besieged rebel garrisons and cities in western Libya, flying despite the NATO-imposed no-fly zone over Libya. These three Free Libya air force jets—two MiG-21bis single-seat and one MiG-21UM two-seat fighter jets—were photographed flying over the Benina air force base south of Benghazi on 27 June 2011.

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Sirte due to technical problems, its pilot ejected safely (according to other sources, ISIL militants shot it down, its pilot, a Portuguese mercenary, was killed). The last remaining pro-GNA Mirage F1ED fighter jet was not airworthy as of 2017 and was put in storage by the pro-GNA forces, as it lacked a functional engine due to lack of spare parts.

1305:(it previously belonged to Moldovan Sky Prim'Air company, and was used by pro-LNA air forces as transport since 2015), for an aerial supply bridge, to regularly transport ammunition from Benina air force base to Gharyan. On 13 June 2019, pro-LNA forces claimed that they shot down a pro-GNA L-39ZO Albatros fighter jet in 3855:...Geroushi said that the Libyan Arab Air Force is looking to purchase two squadrons of French Rafale, along with a number of French Mirage F-1 aircraft (to bolster those they already have). The Libyans also plan to buy Eurofighter Typhoons from the UK as well as some more C-130 cargo planes and CH-47 [ 1317:

Libyan-born pilots and air force personnel being killed in the war, both sides, especially pro-GNA air forces, are relying more and more on foreign mercenaries to both fly and repair their fighter jets, with mixed results. Many of these foreign mercenaries fighting for pro-GNA forces are from countries such as

441:, became a LAAF installation and was renamed Okba Ben Nafi Air Base. The base housed the LAAF's headquarters and a large share of its major training facilities. Starting in 1970, a significant expansion of the air force took place, with a large number of French and later Soviet combat aircraft being purchased. 1273:

also provided spare parts, engineers and technicians to the pro-LNA air force, and Egypt provided extensive training of new pro-LNA fighter pilots, as well as reconstruction and modernization of pro-LNA Libyan air force bases. Pakistan also provided training of new pro-LNA fighter pilots between 2015

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in Tobruk, was killed in the crash, along with four civilians on the ground. A third pro-LNA MiG-21bis was shot down over Al-Sabri district in Benghazi by Islamists on 17 April during a bombing raid against Islamist positions. Another pro-LNA MiG-21 fighter jet was shot down by Islamists MANPADS over

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A fourth pro-LNA fighter jet, this time the recently restored MiG-23BN serial number "8985", crashed due to technical problems west of Benghazi on 6 July 2016, its pilot colonel Idris Al-Obeidi died in the crash. A fifth pro-LNA fighter jet, this time MiG-23ML serial number 26453, was shot down on 15

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started to work on the restoration of two MiG-25 and one MiG-25UB aircraft, which were mainly used for reconnaissance of enemy positions from the air. These aircraft were one of several dozen Libyan MiG-25 fighter jets stored for decades after being decommissioned at Al-Juffrah air force base (and so

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by the French air force, a single LAAF Tu-22B attacked the airport at N'Djamena. That aircraft ran into technical problems on its return journey – American early warning reconnaissance planes based in Sudan monitored distress calls sent by the pilot of the Tu-22 which probably crashed before reaching

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It was unknown whether that Mirage F-1AD that crashed at al-Watiya air force base on 24 April was shot down by pro-LNA forces, or whether it crashed due to technical problems while repelling the pro-GNA air force attack, but a consensus later emerged that (in the absence of an official refutation of

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could receive some limited supplies of MiG-21s and Mi-8 from the Egyptian Air Force too. Libyan aircraft carried out airstrikes against Islamists during the conflict, but have sustained considerable casualties. The biggest setback for the pro-GNA forces happened on 9 August 2014, when pro-LNA forces

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light attack aircraft were used taking off from Misrata airport. NATO failed to intercept the bombing mission. During the entire war and NATO-led intervention in Libya, Libyan rebel forces extensively used their three MiG-21 fighter jets as fighter escort of supply flights to western Libya, guarding

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On 22 March, a US air force F15E fighter jet crashed near Benghazi due to mechanical problems; both pilots ejected safely and were then rescued by US search and rescue teams, and during the rescue of the US pilots, US search and rescue teams shot and wounded six libyan civilians on the ground. On 23

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On 17 March 2011., the UN Security council adopted the United Nations Security Council resolution 1973 which legitimised the military operation against the pro-Gaddafi regime - with 10 votes in favour, 0 against and 5 abstentions, a no-fly zone was established over the whole of Libya with the United

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bomber, serial number "38" of the 1124th Libyan air force squadron with a ZU-23-2 anti-aircraft gun (both pilots were killed), and then the next day, rebels also shot down a pro-Gaddafi helicopter (either a Mi-8 or Mi-24) near Ra's Lanuf with a ZPU-4 anti-aircraft gun. Three more pro-Gaddafi fighter

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At Brega a pro-Gaddafi Mirage F-1ED fighter jet was shot down by the rebel forces on 2 March 2011, thus leaving just one Mirage F-1BD trainer aircraft in possession of Gaddafi's loyalist forces, while that same day one pro-Gaddafi SU-22M-3K was damaged by rebel anti-aircraft fire at Brega (the rebel

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Several pro-LNA MiG-21 fighter jets were also lost between 2014 and 2017 – the first pro-LNA MiG-21bis crashed in the city of Tobruk on 2 September 2014 due to pilot error during a pull-up maneuver while performing in a memorial flypast for another pilot, Ibrahim Al-Manifi, who was also killed in a

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in Tripoli have had many military aircraft in their possession. The Air Force has nominally been under the GNA's control. After Haftar gained power in eastern Libya, its part of the pro-LNA Libyan air force, made of MiG-21, MiG-23BN and MiG-23ML fighter jets, was actively restored and modernized by

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fighter jets, as well as two Mi-24P combat attack helicopter and one Mi-8T transport helicopter). Also, by the summer of 2016, pro-GNA air forces run out of both spare parts, fuel, and even money, and without being paid, most of the mercenaries and engineers that were by then serving in pro-GNA air

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on 21 February 2011), and with their help the pro-GNA forces brought them back into operational status by early 2015, using them extensively to bomb both ISIL militants and pro-LNA forces throughout 2016—but on 3 June 2016, one of the two pro-GNA Mirage F1ED fighter jets crashed west of the city of

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Both pro-GNA and pro-LNA air forces suffer serious lack of qualified air force personnel, especially the pro-GNA Libyan air force – most of their pilots are over 50 years old, well above air-force retirement age, and very few have high-quality flight skills. Because of that, and due to many of its

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During the first half of June, heavy bombings by both pro-GNA forces and pro-LNA forces continued throughout western Libya, with pro-GNA forces extensively bombing pro-LNA positions, destroying pro-LNA tanks, ammunition depots and troop concentrations - on 19 June 2019, pro-GNA forces claimed that

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during a pro-GNA militant surprise offensive in March 2017, the helicopter was subsequently destroyed on the ground by the pro-GNA militants in order to prevent its recapture by the pro-LNA forces. Before that, on 17 July 2016, a pro-LNA air force Mi-17 helicopter was shot down by Islamists with a

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Further airstrikes were made by both pro-GNA and pro-LNA air force aircraft throughout western Libya between 8 April and 13 April, with pro-GNA fighter jets targeting pro-LNA advancing troops near Sirte, Tripoli International Airport, Gharyan and at the outskirts of Tripoli, while pro-LNA fighter

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With all of these acquisitions, within a few years, the number of aircraft on strength in the LAAF increased drastically. However, there was no way of training enough pilots and ground crews to operate all of these. Hence, agreements were made with friendly countries to operate some of the LAAF's

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On 7 May 2019, pro-Haftar LNA forces shot down with anti-aircraft guns a pro-GNA air force Mirage F1ED at Wadi al-Hira area near Gharyan, south of the Libyan capital of Tripoli; the plane was launched from the pro-GNA Misrata air force base and its pilot, 29-year-old Jimmy Sponaugle, an American

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Despite the pro-GNA L-39ZO Albatros having mediocre combat characteristics, they avoided combat losses—one pro-GNA L-39ZO crashed due to technical problems near the University of Sirte on 10 August 2016 (ISIL claims that they shot it down); both of its pilots, commander of Misrata air force base

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in southern Libya on 5 April 2017, pro-GNA L-39ZO Albatros aircraft successfully bombed pro-LNA Brak al-Shati air force base, 80 kilometers north of Sabha, reportedly destroying one pro-LNA MiG-23 fighter jet on the ground. Also, on 29 July 2017, a sixth pro-LNA fighter jet, now MiG-23UB serial

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A second pro-LNA MiG-23ML fighter jet, serial number "6132", was shot down on 8 February 2016 by the Islamists during its bombing raid on Islamist positions in the town of Derna (LNA claims it crashed due to technical problems), its pilot colonel Younes al-Dinali ejected safely. A third pro-LNA

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after returning from a bombing raid against Islamists; its pilot ejected safely (the Islamists claim that they shot it down). At the same time, using the captured equipment in al-Watiya air force base, pro-LNA forces started to bring back to active service several Su-22 bombers and Mirage F-1ED

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attacked and destroyed several Jamahiriya airfields during the night of 19 March, with more airstrikes and cruise missile strikes being launched against the pro-Gaddafi regime during the next several days, destroying the combat capabilities of pro-Gaddafi Libyan air force and anti-air defences.

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According to the opposition sources, rebel MiG-21 and MiG-23 fighter jets, Mi-24 combat attack helicopters, 14 rebel fighter pilots, 50 technicians and hundreds of ground personnel, all stationed at the Benina air force base, were crucial in their defence of Benghazi from pro-Gaddafi offensive,

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was quoted by the BBC saying that the Libyan People's Air Force "no longer exists as a fighting force" and that Libyan air defenses had been damaged to the extent that NATO forces could now operate over Libyan airspace "with impunity." On 24 March, several media sources reported that a French

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Pro-LNA Libyan air force lost at least six to eight helicopters – Mi-8, Mi-14, Mi-24/Mi-35 and Mi-17 – between 2014 and 2017, most of them crashed due to technical malfunctions, but one pro-LNA Mi-35 combat attack helicopter was shot down at Ras Lanouf and another pro-LNA Mi-35 combat attack

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F-16 hit a Libyan People's Air Force Su-22UM3K plane on the ground during an operation on 27 March. On 9 April, a Free Libyan air force Mi-25D combat attack helicopter (serial number "854"—the same one that was captured by the rebel forces at Benina air force base on 23 February 2011) bombed

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fighter jets which took off from the Ghardabiya airport defected with their planes to the opposition and landed in rebel-held air force base in Brega. Free Libyan air force aircraft conducted more air attacks on 16 March, flying three combat sorties with Mi-24 and Mi-8 helicopters, bombing

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to Benina by a defecting pilot the day before. On that same day on 17 March 2011, Gaddafi loyalist fighter jets bombed the rebel-held Benina air force base, damaging three passenger aircraft—two YAK-40 and one Boeing 737-26D operated by Air Libya—that were parked there on the runway.

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mercenary, ejected safely and was captured by rebel forces. On that same day, on 17 March 2011, a "Free Libya Air Force" MiG-21UM crashed after take off from Benina airport due to technical problems, the pilot ejected safely. The rebel MiG-21UM that crashed on 17 March was flown from

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After suffering heavy losses in aircraft and air force personnel during its campaign against Islamist forces in eastern Libya throughout 2016 and 2017, Haftar's pro-LNA Libyan air force received several MiG-23MLD fighter jets from Russia in February 2017, as well as eight former

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On 7 May, after weeks of complete inactivity, the Libyan People's Air Force conducted a successful air raid over the rebel-held fuel depots at Misrata, bombing them and setting them on fire. The rebels reported that the raid was conducted with crop dusting aircraft, but probably

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destroyed a G-2 Galeb near Misrata. Initial reports of the French action said the LPAF plane, a G-2/Galeb with a single engine, was in the air when it was hit. French military spokesman Col. Thierry Burkhard later said the plane had just landed when the attack took place.

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January 2017 by the Islamists during its bombing raid on Islamist positions in Ganfouda/Bosnib area, Benghazi, its pilot colonel Younes Aldinali ejected safely. In April 2017, as a response to pro-LNA air force bombing attack on pro-GNA Tamanhint air force base near

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and requested political asylum after defying orders to bomb protesters. On 17 February, an AN-26 transport plane was reportedly captured by prostesters in Kufra, while on 20 February, a pro-Gaddafi helicopter (either Mi-8 or Mi-24) was reportedly shot down at Bayda.

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Hercules (serial number "118"), one An-32P, and one Il-78 (serial number 5A-DLL—this is a former Libyan People's Air force aerial refueling aircraft, but now used solely as a transport aircraft by pro-GNA forces), all of which were flown by Sudanese mercenaries.

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between 1979 and 1981. Lastly, some of the newly acquired aircraft were put into storage. Of the combat aircraft, the United States Department of State estimated in 1983 that 50 percent remained in storage, including most of the MiG fighters and Tu-22 bombers.

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brigadier general Mukhtar Fakroun and co-pilot colonel Omar Dogha, died in the crash. With the help of Ukrainian specialists, pro-GNA air forces also managed to bring back to service several major transport aircraft that were in storage for over a decade—one

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Before the war began, Libyan People's Air Force had between 18,000 and 22,000 personnel and 374 aircraft and helicopters—however, most of these aircraft were not airworthy, and the air force in general was in a very poor state when the war began. During the

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number 8008, was shot down by the Islamists during its bombing raid on Islamist positions in the town of Derna. Its pilot Adel Al-Jihani ejected safely but was heavily wounded and then captured by the Islamists; he died of his wounds while in captivity.

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in southern Libya, killing over 140 pro-LNA soldiers and civilians (of which 40 were executed after being captured), heavily damaging the Brak al-Shati air force base, and also destroyed one inoperable pro-LNA L-39ZO Albatros fighter jet on the ground.

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while bombing the pro-LNA positions at Al-Zintan airport. A second pro-GNA fighter jet, this time MiG-23ML aircraft, crashed on 22 December 2016 at Tarhouna due to technical problems—both of its pilots, Mohammed Gadosha and Ezzidin Madani, were killed.

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the town of Derna on 31 July 2017 during its bombing raid on Islamist positions in the town of Derna, both of its pilots ejected safely and were then captured by the Islamists. Also, on 18 May, pro-GNA militias launched a successful surprise

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Su-24MK fighter-bombers, in exchange for Syrian help to operate Libya's own Su-24s. In an expression of gratitude for this cooperation, the LAAF gifted its sole Su-24MR (a specialized reconnaissance and electronic warfare variant) to Syria.

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and Benghazi, during all of 2016 and 2017, but suffered heavy losses in aircraft and personnel in progress – one pro-LNA MiG-23ML fighter jets, serial number "6472", crashed due to technical problems on 4 January 2016 near Benghazi, at

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On 12 May, it was confirmed by russian journalists that pro-LNA air forces have during their western Libya offensive extensively used an Il-18D transport aircraft, serial ER-ICS, which is being flown by an unknown foreign company from

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after their pilots refused orders to bomb the opposition during the civil war, were then given permission to return to Libya. The jets were finally returned to Libya on 21 February 2012, exactly a year to the day after they defected.

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Sir Dominic refused to confirm or deny whether or not the British government had been approached by Libya for the purchase of a number of Eurofighter Typhoons, as announced earlier this week by the air force chief of staff, Saqr

722:. It was reported that many Libyan Arab Air Force bombing raids were carried out at excessively high altitudes when met with anti-aircraft fire, so the attacks were not very effective. On 17 February 1986, in retaliation for the 1268:

MiG-21MF fighter jets and at least 10 Mi-8T helicopters from Egypt (in addition to earlier deliveries of dozens of MiG-21MF fighter jets and Mi-8T and Mi-24 helicopters from UAE and Egypt during 2014 and 2015). Egypt and the

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In the 1970s and '80s Libyan MiGs and Tupolevs were common visitors to international airspace, close to Italy and NATO bases. On 19 July 1980, a crashed Libyan Arab Air Force MiG-23 was discovered on the Sila Mountains near

417:) in September 1962 by a decision of the minister of defense Abd al-Nabi Yunis. Lt. Col. al-Hadi Salem al-Husomi was assigned to lead the new force. It was originally equipped with a small number of transports and trainers: 1114:; and additional new French F1-Mirage jets, American C-130H Hercules cargo planes and CH-47 Chinook helicopters—as the post–2011 air force inherited some intact Mirages, C-130Hs and CH-47s following the civil war. 5233: 2993: 1313:

their fighter jets bombed pro-LNA Al Watiya air force base, destroying on the runway a pro-LNA Su-22 fighter bomber just as it was taking off, however this claims remain unconfirmed by independent sources.

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MiG-23BN was shot down over Benghazi by rebel air defence forces in a case of mistaken identity. The pilot, colonel Mohammed Mbarak al-Okali ejected but at a very low altitude, and was killed as a result.

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MANPADs near Magrun, 70 kilometers south of Benghazi, killing its entire crew and all personnel on board—three pro-LNA Libyan crew members and three French DGSE special forces intelligence officials.

897:—ejected with parachutes near Ajdabiya, 161 kilometres (100 mi) west of Benghazi, after refusing orders to bomb the city of Benghazi, thus crashing their Su-22 bomber. Anti-Gaddafi forces and 773:(SA-8) SAM batteries, and a plethora of additional equipment, weapons, supplies and ammunition – a good deal of which was flown out to France and the United States within the next five days. Four 2784: 2697: 375:, the Libyan Air Force personnel strength was estimated at 18,000, with an inventory of 374 combat-capable aircraft operating from 13 military airbases in Libya. Since the 2011 civil war and the 1106:

On 20 June 2012 the Air Force Chief of Staff, Saqr Geroushi, announced plans for the rebuilding of the Libyan air force. The plans included proposals for the purchase of two squadrons of French

2615: 953:

On 15 March 2011, Free Libyan air force aircraft conducted its first air attacks against Gaddafi loyalists, flying six combat sorties. According to the opposition sources, on that day rebel

3557: 5064: 379:, multiple factions fighting in Libya have been in possession of military aircraft. As of 2019, the Libyan Air Force is nominally under the control of the internationally recognised 1121:, any ambitious plan was scrapped in face of the reality with the remaining Gaddafi regime era air-frames divided between the opposing factions. In the following months, both the 5024: 5835: 3729: 1156:

Besides MiG-25 aircraft, the Ukrainians also refurbished both Mirage F-1ED fighter jets of the pro-GNA air forces (serial numbers 502 and 508—the same two that defected to

2863: 5224: 5129: 5188: 3003: 1015:

reported on 20 March that the rebel aircraft was shot down by its own air defenses during an attempt to bomb advancing pro-Gaddafi tank columns near Benghazi.

3074: 2758: 2406: 2451: 2378: 3640: 4503: 478:; a US Survey Team on Expansion came to Libya in August 1968 to supervise the introduction of the fighters. Serviceability of the F-5s declined after the 2689: 2806: 2780: 985:

Rebels claimed to have shot down what appeared to be a MiG-21 outside of Bohadi. On 17 March, a pro-Gaddafi Su-22UM3K fighter bomber was shot down over

616:, some sources say more than 60 were delivered, of the MiG-25PD, MiG-25RBK, MiG-25PU and MiG-25RU variants. They were operated by No. 1025 Squadron at 2649: 1220:, were quickly brought back to service by pro-LNA air force engineers and technicians. But despite that, heavy losses of pro-LNA air force continued. 5905: 3400: 3017: 5338: 5202: 4952: 4877: 4969: 3268: 2607: 750:

civilian populations, ethnic groups mostly loyal to the Chadian government. During these aerial terror campaigns a large number of villages in the

5170: 3549: 2937: 526:

was signed in December 1969. Negotiations for the purchase of Soviet military aircraft only started in 1973, in light of the experiences of the

3519: 804:

in northern Chad. The pilot, Captain Dia ad-Din, ejected and was captured. The LAAF immediately organized a recovery operation; subsequently a

5315: 4629: 881:

On 21 February 2011, two senior LPAF pilots, Colonel Ali al-Rabiti and Colonel Abdullah Salheen, defected to the opposition – they flew their

5915: 5474: 1808: 754:

were completely devastated, a large number of people were killed and thousands fled to seek refuge in caves or crossed into refugee camps in

4398: 1093:

and the rebel victory in October 2011, the no fly zone was lifted and two grounded Jamahiriya air force Mirage F-1ED that had been based in

1202:

Egypt and UAE military, and pro-LNA air force conducted numerous air strikes on Islamist positions throughout eastern Libya, especially in

939: 3245: 6075: 5595: 3751: 2346: 778: 185: 4416: 4129: 5765: 3906: 3497: 2149: 1090: 927: 2313:

Gordon, Yefim. Mikoyan MiG-25 Foxbat: Guardian of the Soviet Borders (Red Star Vol. 34). Hinckley, UK: Midland Publishing Ltd., 2008.

6110: 5078: 3166: 2543: 3842: 1561: 3721: 2476: 2886: 2855: 961:

combat attack helicopter first sank two Gaddafi loyalist warships and damaged a third Gaddafi loyalist warship near the coast of

5157:"AeroHisto - Aviation History: LNA uses an Il-18D belonging to a foreign company to transport ammunition from Benina to Gharyan" 4902: 4046: 2021: 1137:

One of the pro-GNA fighter jets, a MiG-23UB aircraft, was shot down on 22 March 2015 at Al-Zintan by pro-LNA fighters with an

6450: 6150: 5890: 5534: 5464: 5445: 5426: 5255: 3606: 3467: 3333: 3303: 3222: 2970: 935: 4994: 3088: 934:

in early March. By 11 March, the pro-Gaddafi air force was running out of quality jet fuel, and attempts were made to bribe

5717: 5407: 5400:

MiG-23 Flogger in the Middle East, Mikoyan i Gurevich MiG-23 in Service in Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Libya and Syria, 1973-2018

4345: 1460: 1174: 1018: 98: 4298: 3441: 727:

its base at Aouzou (possibly hit by defences at N'Djamena airport). On 7 September 1987, another Tu-22 was shot down over

6315: 4696:"AeroHisto - Aviation History: The military escalation in Fezzan can lead to an open conflict between Tobruk and Misrata" 4325: 3047: 2371: 2089: 1118: 376: 793:

was a major victory for Chad and several LAAF aircraft were destroyed on the ground with only minor Chadian casualties.

523: 6050: 5875: 4101: 2318: 1278: 4928: 4852: 4721: 4544: 1398: 6300: 6220: 4598: 4570: 4244: 4223: 2493: 2073: 4773: 4695: 4518: 4262: 4016: 3987: 5281: 5156: 5065:"LNA admit loss of MIG jet fighter, claim progress on all fighting fronts, accuse Tripoli of harbouring terrorists" 4380: 3954: 2911: 2754: 2436:

Collins, Robert O. Africa's Thirty Years War: Libya, Chad, and the Sudan, 1963–1993, p. 212.: Westview Press, 1999.

1194: 1130: 1122: 699: 197: 102: 5171:"Libya Air Force aircraft crashes, pilot killed as Haftar's forces claim the shoot-down | The Libya Observer" 4464: 2447: 1069:

helicopters, but satellite images later showed that the five fixed wing aircraft destroyed were actually MiG-23s.

6305: 5840: 5588: 5203:"Libyan Air Force destroys ammo, weapons and vehicles for Haftar's forces near Gharyan | The Libya Observer" 3644: 1665: 1141: 821: 4665: 3786: 6430: 4164: 1412: 1337:, while fighter jets from pro-LNA forces are reportedly being flown by mercenaries from UAE, Egypt and Russia. 1217: 751: 4191: 4072: 3695: 3102: 2043: 1948:, a collection of defected Loyalist Military personnel and captured aircraft that aligned themselves with the 466:

to the Royal Libyan Air Force. These were the first fighters for the young Air Force, which only operated six

6460: 5820: 5612: 2814: 2589: 1945: 1936: 1282: 1198: 1126: 665: 661: 380: 108: 20: 1173:

During all of 2016, the pro-GNA Libyan Air Force carried out numerous air strikes on positions of the group

479: 6155: 6080: 5760: 5130:"BREAKING: VIDEO – Libyan National Army Shoots-down Mirage F1 & Captures Mercenary Pilot from Portugal" 5104: 3392: 2641: 2375: 1432: 1369: 1208: 986: 943: 681: 673: 5025:"MiG-21 Allegedly Shot Down with MANPADS over Tripoli as Conflict Between Rival Forces in Libya Escalates" 3839:"Libyan Air force to be re-equipped with Rafale and Typhoon multi-role fighters. And some U.S. planes too" 3025: 3018:"BREAKING: Body of Al Jazeera Cameraman Ali Al Jabir arrives in Doha - Libya February 17th – Archive site" 519: 398:

also has a significant air force. In 2021, the air force was under command of the new President of Libya,

6375: 6340: 6330: 6225: 6205: 6200: 5795: 4798: 1040: 719: 715: 567: 563: 3355: 3272: 6501: 6385: 5980: 5780: 5581: 1824: 1379: 1239: 1234: 241: 828:, Soviet/Russian support was drastically curtailed. The last major delivery of Soviet aircraft to the 6496: 6230: 6140: 6090: 6085: 5895: 5860: 5478: 5189:"Heavy fighting in southern Tripoli as Libyan Air Force destroys Sukhoi aircraft for Haftar's forces" 3666: 3527: 1524: 1036: 790: 6180: 5870: 5800: 5710: 5307: 3955:"AeroHisto - Aviation History: Libyan National Army Air Force added a second 'Fitter' in its fleet" 1422: 893:

On 23 February 2011, pilot Abdessalam Attiyah al-Abdali and co-pilot Ali Omar al-Kadhafi—crew of a

786: 4747: 6440: 6325: 6235: 6015: 1876: 1531: 774: 669: 613: 475: 372: 201: 181: 3422: 3253: 3189: 2065: 1832: 668:. In addition, many planes were destroyed or damaged on the ground in 1986 when American planes 6035: 5930: 5850: 5790: 1953: 1811:

estimated that the HoR-affiliated LNA possessed at least 33 combat capable aircraft, including

906: 829: 605:. These were later returned to Libya. These aircraft were retired in 2008, eventually used for 193: 189: 5379:

Cooper, Tom (July–August 2002). "'Floggers" in Action: Early MiG-23s in Operational Service".

2350: 6475: 6395: 6335: 6290: 6270: 6175: 5815: 4263:"AeroHisto - Aviation History: "Libyan airstrikes" situation update 21 July - 10 August 2016" 4133: 3875:"UN report accuses foreign governments of arming both sides in Libyan civil war - defenceWeb" 1941: 1683: 1252: 1073: 1007: 875: 860: 847: 809: 765:

The Chadians seized the Ouadi Doum base in 1987 and destroyed or captured two SF.260s, three

691: 547: 474:

A trainers at the time. Fifty-six personnel underwent training at bases in the US, pilots at

392: 24: 4545:"AeroHisto - Aviation History: Libyan National Army Air Force lost one of its two MiG-23BNs" 3903: 3755: 3489: 2153: 2057: 6455: 6390: 6295: 6265: 6255: 6245: 6210: 6185: 6130: 6045: 6010: 5955: 5945: 5810: 5805: 5667: 5648: 3928: 3550:"G1 - Imagens mostram ataque de caça belga a aeronave na Líbia - notícias em Revolta Árabe" 2671: 1912: 707: 462:

In May 1967, the Kingdom of Libya reached an agreement with the United States to supply 10

388: 5339:"Russian-Supplied, Mercenary-Flown Su-24 Combat Jets Appear In Libyan National Army Video" 5039: 4489: 4465:"AeroHisto - Aviation History: MiG-23ML from Libyan Air Force shot down over Derna ?" 4446: 3190:"ASN Aircraft accident Yakovlev Yak-40 5A-DKG Benghazi-Benina International Airport (BEN)" 1197:

backed by Khalifa Haftar's Libyan National Army as well as the internationally recognised

912: 808:

BN was also shot down. Its pilot was recovered. In November 1988, a Libyan Arab Air Force

8: 6445: 6425: 6345: 6170: 6030: 5970: 5940: 5900: 5855: 5845: 5770: 5740: 5703: 5604: 4192:"AeroHisto - Aviation History: Libya Dawn Air Force Mirage F1 returned to service ?" 3158: 3132: 1949: 1459:

Inventory of the Libyan Air Force, which is controlled by the internationally recognised

1111: 782: 723: 426: 364: 118: 3838: 6405: 6355: 6350: 6275: 6250: 6240: 6215: 6195: 6165: 6135: 6120: 6025: 6005: 5990: 5985: 5965: 5960: 5950: 5935: 5920: 5910: 5865: 5830: 5785: 5775: 5755: 5750: 5726: 5683: 5637: 4722:"AeroHisto - Aviation History: Libyan National Army Air Force MiG shot down over Derna" 2473: 2301: 1924: 1920: 1734: 1660: 1633: 1596: 1483: 1359: 1297:

mercenary, ejected successfully and survived, and was then captured by pro-LNA forces.

1265: 1182: 970: 882: 696: 650: 606: 543: 542:

bombers were also bought in this period. Relations with France were maintained, and 16

332: 327: 213: 2058: 6470: 6415: 6410: 6360: 6285: 6280: 6190: 6160: 6115: 6070: 6065: 5975: 5885: 5880: 5530: 5498: 5460: 5441: 5422: 5403: 5386: 4953:

Libya's western Air Force strikes Haftar's forces positioned in Mizda, Sooq Al-Khamis

4929:"AeroHisto - Aviation History: "Libyan airstrikes" situation update 9 - 20 July 2016" 4823: 4774:"AeroHisto - Aviation History: "Libyan airstrikes" situation update 14 - 20 May 2016" 4571:"AeroHisto - Aviation History: LNA Air Force has now only one 'Flogger' in its fleet" 2333: 2314: 2069: 1872: 1619: 1556: 1186: 898: 643: 630: 617: 594: 511: 315: 284: 4853:"AeroHisto - Aviation History: The Libyan National Army Is Running Out of Air Power" 4399:"US bombs 2 Islamic State camps south of Sirte, Libya | FDD's Long War Journal" 6465: 6420: 6370: 6320: 6310: 6260: 6145: 6105: 6100: 6040: 5995: 5745: 5490: 4017:"AeroHisto - Aviation History: New Mirage F1 and Su-22 in Libyan Air Force's fleet" 3459: 3325: 3295: 3214: 2962: 2017: 1436: 1389: 1349: 902: 434: 399: 291: 218: 5494: 3318: 494:

During the months following the 1969 coup d'état, Libya distanced itself from the

6435: 6400: 6380: 6365: 6095: 6060: 6055: 6020: 6000: 5925: 5825: 5524: 4433: 4417:"US resumes strikes against Islamic State in Libya | FDD's Long War Journal" 4349: 3910: 3579: 3373: 2480: 2382: 1749: 1566: 1427: 1129:

flew a limited number of air operations against each other. The air force of the

1107: 1054: 403: 356: 279: 4342: 506:

Hs were delivered by the United States. Instead, close ties were developed with

454: 252: 5381: 3779:""Business as usual" for British embassy following rocket attack on ambassador" 2998: 2755:"The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance" 2411: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1888: 1864: 1781: 1762: 1741: 1640: 1541: 1442: 1178: 1062: 969:

and Ajadabiyah. Also, on that same day, rebel MiG-23BN fighter jets bombed the

947: 743: 685: 625: 602: 555: 527: 515: 495: 438: 395: 384: 368: 336: 156: 138: 2096: 6490: 5502: 5390: 5225:"Portuguese pilot 'captured in Libya after Haftar's forces shoot down plane'" 1892: 1884: 1868: 1326: 777:

C-5 Galaxy transport aircraft were sent to N'Djamena to collect the captured

747: 739: 703: 657: 559: 539: 499: 471: 422: 228: 4878:"Eastern Libya Force's MiG-21 Jet Shot Down By Missile Over Derna Port City" 4630:"How Emirati air power turned Haftar's Libyan oil ports disaster to victory" 865: 5282:"AeroHisto - Aviation History: Erik Prince's Mercenaries Are Bombing Libya" 2637: 2544:"Syria's Su-24 Bombers Have Become Its Most Proficient Hospital-Destroyers" 1880: 1860: 1536: 1416: 1407: 1225: 1203: 1065:

aircraft were destroyed on the ground at Misrata airport together with two

1049: 922: 894: 833: 797: 728: 639: 534:

MS interceptors and MiG-23UB trainers, 35 MiG-23BN attack aircraft, and 64

467: 463: 418: 50: 5677: 5631: 5626: 3607:"Libya: rebel defences 'failing' as Gaddafi forces move towards Benghazi" 1856: 1466: 732: 653: 642:, southern Italy. The event is speculated to be connected to the loss of 583: 1847:

attack aircraft flown by Russian mercenaries are also used by the LNA.

1836: 1581: 1394: 1353: 1302: 1023: 995: 621: 303: 1489: 5729: 5695: 4519:"AeroHisto - Aviation History: Libyan Air Force lost its last MiG-23" 3988:"AeroHisto - Aviation History: Libyan Mirage F1ED crashed near Sirte" 3812: 3778: 3490:"Libya: French aircraft destroys 5 pro-Gaddafi planes, 2 helicopters" 1908: 1816: 1611: 1588: 1494: 1478: 1138: 1066: 974: 958: 931: 766: 320: 308: 260: 128: 5573: 5105:"Haftar forces shoot down Tripoli government warplane, LNA video..." 4299:"You're a Libyan Military Pilot Trainee — Now Who Do You Fight For?" 4073:"Military aircraft crashes in Libya's Tarhouna - The Libya Observer" 2994:"Gaddafi relatives offered Malta Armed Forces bribes – Clinton ally" 4970:"Tripoli's only functional airport hit by air raid as clashes rage" 4239: 4237: 4235: 4233: 1916: 1828: 1373: 1318: 1012: 978: 962: 954: 770: 759: 677: 566:

were also acquired from Italy, 14 of which were transferred to the

247: 4748:"Video shows Libyan Mig-21 Fishbed jet crash into downtown Tobruk" 3390: 758:. The Government of Chad denounced these attacks on civilians as 4504:"Another Libyan Air Force plane shot down or crashed in Benghazi" 1334: 1322: 1306: 1149: 990: 801: 742:, Libyan jets carried out countless attacks and bombings against 4362: 4230: 3520:"UPDATE 1-French forces destroy seven Libyan aircraft on ground" 2835:"Libia: Mi-25 destruido en Bengasi", Blogger (JPEG) (in Spanish) 2608:"Report: Libya air force bombs protesters heading for army base" 1117:

As the situation deteriorated with the country sliding into the

266: 4352:. Tunisia Live. Published 8 March 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2015. 2347:"Aircraft crash of Ustica / Flight accident - Economypoint.org" 2064:. International Institute for Strategic Studies. 2010. p. 1840: 1812: 1471: 1383: 1363: 1330: 1243: 1166: 1082: 840: 825: 812:

was shot down over northern Chad, and its crew taken prisoner.

805: 755: 587: 575: 535: 531: 507: 483: 340: 296: 161: 4343:

Libyan Jets Strike Sirte while UN Unity Efforts Remain Stalled

612:

The Libyan Arab Republic Air Force operated a large number of

597:

bought shortly after Gaddafi took power were secretly used by

437:, a former US facility about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from 1844: 1820: 1688: 1402: 1293:

the LNA's claim) the Mirage lost must have been a GNA plane.

1157: 1094: 999: 966: 886: 598: 579: 551: 503: 429:

were delivered from 1969. In 1970 it changed its name to the

5570:

Libyan Air Force article, Air Forces Monthly, September 2010

5455:

Cooper, Tom; Grandolini, Albert; Delalande, Arnaud (2016b).

5436:

Cooper, Tom; Grandolini, Albert; Delalande, Arnaud (2016a).

4599:"It Looks Like Russia Gave a Fighter Jet to Libya's Warlord" 2483:, Air Combat Information Group, 2003. Retrieved October 2011 1039:

cruise missiles against Jamahiriya air defences and four US

789:

96.5 kilometres (60.0 mi) within Libyan territory. The

5417:

Cooper, Tom; Grandolini, Albert; Delalande, Arnaud (2015).

5256:"Libyan militia building mercenary air force, rivals claim" 4363:"Libyen: Amerikanische Luftwaffe bombardiert IS-Stellungen" 1257: 965:, and then bombed Gaddafi loyalist tank columns outside of 5454: 5435: 2530: 2424: 2394: 2237: 2018:"First images of Mig-21s in Free Libya Air Force markings" 1061:

On 26 March 2011, the French Air Force reported that five

482:

and it appears that most may have eventually been sold to

5416: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3857: 3269:"Fighter plane shot down in Libya's Benghazi: Al-Jazeera" 2887:"The Star in Libya: Rebels quash Gadhafi raid - The Star" 2285: 2273: 2261: 2249: 2225: 2210: 2198: 2186: 2174: 2136: 2124: 2112: 1270: 1026:

after being attacked by coalition aircraft, 20 March 2011

546:

AD, 6 F1BD and 16 F1ED were ordered in 1975. Lastly, 240

3391:

Sam Dagher; Adam Entous; Keith Johnson (20 March 2011).

4245:"Libya's rebel air force at war | Combat Aircraft" 4224:"Libya's rebel air force at war | Combat Aircraft" 3831: 973:, damaging its runway. On 16 March 2011, pilots of one 938:

officials in order to purchase more fuel. On 13 March,

4903:"France says three military officials killed in Libya" 4666:"The Libyan National Army Is Running Out of Air Power" 4490:"Accident Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23ML 6132, 08 Feb 2016" 4447:"Accident Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23ML 6472, 04 Jan 2016" 4165:"Great, Now There Are Two Competing Libyan Air Forces" 3916: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 5356: 5218: 5216: 4799:"African Aerospace - Six die in Libyan fighter crash" 4624: 4622: 4620: 4434:

Libya crisis: Fighting flares on outskirts of Tripoli

3423:"Six Libyan villagers shot by US team rescuing pilot" 2807:"Syrian pilots said to be flying Libyan fighter jets" 2781:"Libya pilot rejects Benghazi bombing, ditches plane" 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1240:

offensive on the pro-LNA Brak al-Shati air force base

854: 769:, two Tu-22B bombers, eleven L-39 jets, two complete 4995:"UN-backed Libya gov't jets strike Haftar's airbase" 4660: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4593: 4591: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4283: 3641:"The Boresight: A Spade is a Spade for Odyssey Dawn" 2963:"Libya: Gaddafi tanks and planes attack rebel towns" 1855:

Aircraft formerly operated by the LAAF includes the

942:, a colonel of the Libyan People's Air Force at the 815: 634:

reported all aircraft of the type had been retired.

4041: 4039: 4037: 3150: 2494:"THE WORLD: CHAD; NDJAMENA SENDS TROOPS INTO LIBYA" 5223: 5213: 4617: 4381:"Libya effort named 'Operation Odyssey Lightning'" 4159: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4151: 3103:"Libyan website reports rebels sink Gaddafi ships" 1969: 1251:helicopter was abandoned by the pro-LNA forces at 930:checked the opposition advance westwards, towards 846:Also, in the mid-1990s, Libya paid for spares for 4647: 4588: 4305: 4280: 3861:] Chinook helicopters from the United States. 1802: 1022:Damage to the Libyan People's Air Force airfield 843:MP maritime patrol aircraft from Italy’s Alenia. 6488: 5519:Brightstar Publishing, London. File 337 Sheet 03 4034: 3089:"Libyan Navy Attacked by Fighter Jets - Updated" 2678:. 18 September 2011 – via www.reuters.com. 885:fighter jets, serial numbers "502" and "508" to 489: 4148: 3296:"Libya: French plane fires on military vehicle" 3159:"Accident MiG-21bis (type-75) 804, 17 Mar 2011" 3133:"Accident MiG-21bis (type-75) 804, 17 Mar 2011" 1839:helicopters, L-39 and SF.260 trainer aircraft. 824:and the elimination of military aid by the new 4124: 4122: 3805: 2856:"The Star in Libya: Rebels quash Gadhafi raid" 2690:"Updated: Libyan fighter jets arrive in Malta" 2584: 5711: 5589: 5475:International Institute for Strategic Studies 4102:"Will Libyan army restore the mighty Mig 25?" 3439: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2642:"Report: Libyan protesters fired on - Africa" 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2010: 1809:International Institute for Strategic Studies 5402:. Warwick: Helion & Company Publishing. 4326:"Libya's Peculiar, Aerial-Refueling MiG-23s" 3776: 3752:"Malta Hands over Mirage Jets Back to Libya" 3326:"Benghazi 'bombarded by pro-Gaddafi forces'" 3075:"Libyan rebels stage insurrection in Zlitan" 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2672:"Pilots who refused to bomb return to Libya" 2636: 2298:Libyan Mirages in Use for Pakistan AF Spares 433:(LAAF). After US forces left Libya in 1970, 40: 5479:"Chapter Six: Middle East and North Africa" 4119: 3770: 2221: 2219: 2050: 1386:): formerly RAF Station El-Adem, 1942–1970. 415:Al Quwwat al Jawwiya al Malakiya al Libiyya 5718: 5704: 5596: 5582: 5019: 5017: 5015: 4130:"MiG-25 crashes in Libya - IHS Jane's 360" 3442:"U.S. Plane Crashes in Libya: New Details" 2561: 649:The LAAF lost a total of four aircraft to 449: 16:Air warfare branch of Libya's armed forces 5279: 5154: 4926: 4850: 4846: 4844: 4771: 4745: 4719: 4693: 4689: 4687: 4568: 4542: 4516: 4462: 4458: 4456: 4260: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4189: 4014: 3985: 3952: 3207: 2712: 1277:In April 2019, Haftar's army launched an 538:fighters and MiG-21UM trainers. Fourteen 4256: 4254: 4095: 4093: 4010: 4008: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3813:"Libyan air force set for major upgrade" 3690: 3688: 2600: 2531:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2016b 2425:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2016b 2395:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2016b 2376:Libya: Encounters with the United States 2238:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2016a 2216: 2044:"Geroushi to become airforce head again" 1488: 1477: 1465: 1017: 911: 864: 690: 453: 5336: 5012: 4099: 3630:Libyan Conflict, Military Photos, p. 96 3604: 3215:"Fighter jet 'shot down' over Benghazi" 3126: 3124: 3048:"Qaddafi Son Killed in Suicide Attack?" 2991: 2286:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2015 2274:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2015 2262:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2015 2250:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2015 2226:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2015 2211:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2015 2199:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2015 2187:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2015 2175:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2015 2137:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2015 2125:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2015 2113:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2015 781:equipment. On 5 September 1987 Chadian 530:. These resulted in the delivery of 54 6489: 5725: 5397: 5378: 4841: 4684: 4517:Delalande, Arnaud (12 February 2016). 4453: 4209: 3953:Delalande, Arnaud (28 November 2016). 3872: 3440:Dehghanpisheh, Babak (22 March 2011). 3356:"UN authorises no-fly zone over Libya" 3072: 2884: 2853: 2518: 2445: 2307: 1110:fighter aircraft, a number of British 714:The air force was extensively used in 5699: 5603: 5577: 5522: 5362: 5280:Delalande, Arnaud (14 January 2017). 4746:Cenciotti, David (3 September 2014). 4569:Delalande, Arnaud (15 January 2017). 4463:Delalande, Arnaud (8 February 2016). 4251: 4090: 4015:Delalande, Arnaud (3 December 2015). 4005: 3972: 3685: 2938:"Gaddafi fighter bomber is shot down" 2700:from the original on 21 February 2011 2652:from the original on 23 February 2011 2618:from the original on 22 February 2011 1131:internationally recognized government 1123:internationally recognized government 1048:March 2011, British Air Vice-Marshal 869:Libyan People's Air Force Mirage F1ED 409:The air force was established as the 5473: 5337:Newdick, Thomas (24 November 2020). 4261:Delalande, Arnaud (10 August 2016). 3789:from the original on 23 October 2012 3732:from the original on 13 January 2012 3500:from the original on 24 October 2012 3169:from the original on 3 November 2012 3121: 2973:from the original on 16 January 2018 2866:from the original on 23 October 2012 2004: 1453: 1340: 1175:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant 785:crossed into Libya and attacked the 5459:. Helion & Company Publishing. 5440:. Helion & Company Publishing. 5421:. Helion & Company Publishing. 4851:Delalande, Arnaud (17 April 2017). 4190:Delalande, Arnaud (28 April 2016). 3845:from the original on 17 August 2012 3077:– via www.washingtonpost.com. 2912:"Fierce battles erupt across Libya" 2448:"Big Libyan Losses Claimed by Chad" 2372:Library of Congress Country Studies 1281:to take Tripoli from the UN-backed 1101: 360: 41: 13: 5564: 5457:Libyan Air Wars, Part 3: 1986-1989 5438:Libyan Air Wars, Part 2: 1985-1986 5419:Libyan Air Wars, Part 1: 1973-1985 5318:from the original on 28 April 2011 5037: 4927:Delalande, Arnaud (21 July 2016). 4720:Delalande, Arnaud (29 July 2017). 4047:"Libyan MiG-25 destroyed in crash" 3580:"Fighting rages in key Libya town" 3470:from the original on 24 March 2011 3448:– via www.thedailybeast.com. 3374:"French plane opens fire in Libya" 3336:from the original on 20 March 2011 3306:from the original on 20 March 2011 3225:from the original on 6 August 2015 3187: 3156: 3130: 2844:The Boresight, Blogger, March 2011 2415:, Ottawa, Canada, 18 February 1986 2150:"The Northrop F-5 Enthusiast Page" 2020:. The Aviationist. 21 April 2012. 1345:Military air force bases include: 1193:Since 2016, both the Tobruk-based 855:Libyan civil war/NATO intervention 14: 6513: 5517:World Aircraft Information Files. 5236:from the original on 14 June 2022 5155:Delalande, Arnaud (12 May 2019). 4772:Delalande, Arnaud (21 May 2016). 4694:Delalande, Arnaud (25 May 2017). 4543:Delalande, Arnaud (6 July 2016). 3986:Delalande, Arnaud (3 June 2016). 3885:from the original on 27 July 2015 3560:from the original on 4 April 2011 3403:from the original on 23 June 2015 2787:from the original on 1 March 2011 2024:from the original on 19 July 2012 816:Post–Cold War to Libyan civil war 716:the fighting in Chad in the 1980s 524:Aérospatiale SA 321 Super Frelons 5385:. No. 100. pp. 56–67. 5330: 5305: 5299: 5273: 5248: 5195: 5181: 5163: 5148: 5122: 5097: 5071: 5057: 5040:"Incident MiG-21MF, 14 Apr 2019" 5031: 4987: 4962: 4946: 4920: 4895: 4870: 4816: 4791: 4765: 4739: 4713: 4562: 4536: 4510: 4496: 4482: 4439: 4427: 4409: 4391: 4373: 4355: 4336: 3841:. The Aviationist. 4 July 2012. 3722:"Libyan jets set to return home" 3667:"The Tech That Took Out Gaddafi" 3620:– via www.theguardian.com. 3605:McGreal, Chris (10 April 2011). 3460:"Gaddafi's air force 'defeated'" 2992:Caruana, Claire (25 June 2016). 2761:from the original on 8 July 2011 2454:from the original on 1 July 2017 624:and an unidentified squadron at 582:aircrews. Similarly, around 100 510:. Accordingly, an order for 110 458:An LAAF Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25. 265: 251: 246: 198:Post-civil war violence in Libya 83: 49: 4183: 4065: 3946: 3897: 3866: 3744: 3714: 3659: 3633: 3624: 3598: 3572: 3542: 3526:. 26 March 2011. Archived from 3512: 3482: 3452: 3433: 3415: 3384: 3366: 3348: 3288: 3260: 3243: 3237: 3181: 3095: 3081: 3066: 3040: 3010: 2985: 2955: 2930: 2904: 2878: 2847: 2838: 2829: 2813:. 10 March 2011. Archived from 2799: 2773: 2682: 2664: 2630: 2536: 2524: 2512: 2486: 2466: 2439: 2430: 2418: 2400: 2388: 2365: 2339: 2336:, February 2007, pp. 4 & 69 2324: 2291: 2279: 2267: 2255: 2243: 2231: 2204: 2192: 2180: 2168: 2142: 1212:fighter jets in 2014 and 2015. 1091:forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi 916:A LARAF Sukhoi Su-22M3 Fitter-H 839:In January 2008 Libya bought 4 822:dissolution of the Soviet Union 502:. Nevertheless, in 1971, eight 5551: 5079:"Stopping the War for Tripoli" 4824:"AeroHisto - Aviation History" 4436:. BBC. Published 6 April 2019. 3929:"AeroHisto - Aviation History" 3073:Denyer, Simon (10 June 2011). 2885:Potter, Mitch (2 March 2011). 2854:Potter, Mitch (2 March 2011). 2474:Libyan Wars, 1986–1989, Part 6 2130: 2118: 2106: 2082: 2036: 1803:Libyan National Army inventory 1435:(near Tripoli): formerly USAF 1413:Al Abraq International Airport 431:Libyan Arab Republic Air Force 1: 5495:10.1080/04597222.2024.2298594 3873:Martin, Guy (12 March 2015). 3777:George Grant (23 June 2012). 2757:. Theboresight.blogspot.com. 2590:"The hero airmen of Benghazi" 1962: 1946:National Transitional Council 1937:National Transitional Council 1283:Government of National Accord 1199:Government of National Accord 1127:New General National Congress 490:Early Gaddafi era (1969–1989) 381:Government of National Accord 109:Government of National Accord 21:National Transitional Council 19:For the air force of Libya's 5118:– via www.Reuters.com. 4132:. 8 May 2015. Archived from 3393:"Allied Forces Attack Libya" 3117:– via www.reuters.com. 1461:Government of National Unity 905:were flying attacks for the 682:Mitiga International Airport 674:Benina International Airport 99:Government of National Unity 7: 3696:"The Free Libyan Air Force" 1930: 1706: 1448: 989:, the pilot, reportedly an 796:On 8 October 1987, an LAAF 172:At least 12 aircraft (2024) 66:; 62 years ago 10: 6518: 5372: 1850: 1380:Gamal Abdel Nasser Airbase 1235:Gamal Abdel Nasser Airbase 858: 656:in two incidents over the 550:trainers were bought from 520:Aérospatiale Alouette IIIs 444: 18: 5736: 5662:Libyan Air Defense Forces 5647: 5611: 5526:The World Air Power Guide 4959:, published 6 April 2019. 1733: 1632: 1580: 1523: 1253:Ras Lanouf air force base 971:Ghardabiya air force base 791:battle of Maaten al-Sarra 578:squadrons were manned by 326: 314: 302: 290: 278: 273: 259: 240: 235: 224: 212: 207: 176: 168: 152: 144: 134: 124: 114: 94: 78: 60: 48: 39: 34: 5876:Central African Republic 5544: 4369:– via www.faz.net. 2304:, June 2008 issue, p. 32 1576:Serviceability doubtful 1423:Maaten al-Sarra Air Base 1195:House of Representatives 1089:Following the defeat of 899:Syrian opposition groups 787:Maaten al-Sarra Air Base 614:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25s 103:House of Representatives 5529:. Casemate Publishers. 4100:Akramov (6 June 2017). 3397:The Wall Street Journal 3246:"- The Washington Post" 2612:Haaretz Daily Newspaper 2381:18 October 2015 at the 1944:- the air force of the 1877:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 1532:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 1474:of the Libyan Air Force 1218:Al Abraq air force base 1119:Second Libyan Civil War 944:Mitiga military airport 706:being delivered to the 620:, No. 1055 Squadron at 558:. In the mid-1970s, 20 476:Williams Air Force Base 450:Early years (1962–1969) 363:) is the branch of the 202:Second Libyan Civil War 55:Libyan Air Force emblem 5836:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5672:Libyan Military Police 5286:aerohisto.blogspot.com 4933:aerohisto.blogspot.com 4857:aerohisto.blogspot.com 4828:aerohisto.blogspot.com 4778:aerohisto.blogspot.com 4726:aerohisto.blogspot.com 4700:aerohisto.blogspot.com 4575:aerohisto.blogspot.com 4549:aerohisto.blogspot.com 4523:aerohisto.blogspot.com 4469:aerohisto.blogspot.com 4267:aerohisto.blogspot.com 4196:aerohisto.blogspot.com 4021:aerohisto.blogspot.com 3992:aerohisto.blogspot.com 3959:aerohisto.blogspot.com 3933:aerohisto.blogspot.com 3022:archive.libyafeb17.com 2479:21 August 2013 at the 1498: 1486: 1475: 1027: 917: 907:Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 870: 830:Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 711: 628:. As of February 2007 459: 411:Royal Libyan Air Force 371:. In 2010, before the 194:First Libyan Civil War 5523:Wragg, David (2011). 4803:africanaerospace.aero 4348:19 April 2016 at the 3909:14 March 2007 at the 2060:Military Balance 2010 1942:Free Libyan Air Force 1807:In February 2024 the 1684:SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 1492: 1481: 1469: 1362:(50 km south of 1209:Benina air force base 1021: 915: 868: 861:Free Libyan Air Force 848:Syrian Arab Air Force 836:in March/April 1989. 810:SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 694: 646:a few weeks earlier. 564:transport helicopters 548:SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 470:transports and three 457: 361:القوات الجوية الليبية 42:القوات الجوية الليبية 25:Free Libyan Air Force 6431:United Arab Emirates 5668:Libyan National Army 5483:The Military Balance 5477:(12 February 2024). 5398:Cooper, Tom (2018). 4423:. 30 September 2017. 4301:. 19 September 2016. 3256:on 13 November 2012. 2696:. 21 February 2011. 2640:(21 February 2011). 2614:. 21 February 2011. 2446:Greenhouse, Steven. 2139:, pp. 10, 16–17 1913:Boeing CH-47 Chinook 1833:Aérospatiale Gazelle 1112:Eurofighter Typhoons 1006:On 19 March 2011, a 708:Libyan Arab Republic 427:F-5 Freedom Fighters 389:Libyan National Army 5766:Antigua and Barbuda 5044:aviation-safety.net 4506:. 12 February 2016. 3758:on 25 February 2012 3250:The Washington Post 3194:aviation-safety.net 3163:aviation-safety.net 3137:aviation-safety.net 2500:. 13 September 1987 1950:anti-Gaddafi forces 1735:Air-to-air missiles 1041:B-2 stealth bombers 800:was shot down by a 724:Ouadi Doum air raid 720:Libyan ground units 387:, though the rival 365:Libyan Armed Forces 186:Uganda–Tanzania War 182:Egyptian–Libyan War 119:Libyan Armed Forces 5941:Dominican Republic 5684:Libyan Coast Guard 5638:Libyan Coast Guard 5312:globalsecurity.org 4752:theaviationist.com 4421:longwarjournal.org 4405:. 19 January 2017. 4403:longwarjournal.org 3913:. Global Security. 3052:nationalreview.com 2646:Al Jazeera English 2498:The New York Times 2302:Air Forces Monthly 2046:. 17 January 2015. 1925:Agusta-Bell AB 205 1921:Agusta-Bell AB 212 1661:Aero L-39 Albatros 1499: 1497:sits on the tarmac 1487: 1484:Aero L-39 Albatros 1476: 1360:Al-Watiya Air Base 1266:Egyptian Air Force 1148:At the same time, 1028: 918: 871: 826:Russian Federation 712: 651:United States Navy 631:Air Forces Monthly 607:Pakistan Air Force 595:Dassault Mirage 5s 570:during the 1990s. 544:Dassault Mirage F1 512:Dassault Mirage 5s 460: 333:Aero L-39 Albatros 214:Commander-in-Chief 190:Chadian–Libyan War 6502:Military of Libya 6484: 6483: 5693: 5692: 5605:Military of Libya 5536:978-1-84468-784-8 5466:978-1-910294-54-3 5447:978-1-910294-53-6 5428:978-1-909982-39-0 4385:InsideDefense.com 3671:Gizmodo Australia 3647:on 30 August 2011 3496:. 26 March 2011. 3466:. 23 March 2011. 3332:. 20 March 2011. 3302:. 19 March 2011. 3221:. 19 March 2011. 2334:AirForces Monthly 2264:, pp. 10, 18 2189:, pp. 10, IX 2156:on 18 August 2011 2102:on 14 March 2007. 1873:Dassault Mirage 5 1800: 1799: 1704: 1703: 1557:Soko J-21 Jastreb 1454:Current inventory 1350:Al-Jufra Air Base 1341:Military airports 1125:and the opposing 1074:Belgian Air Force 936:Maltese Air Force 644:Itavia Flight 870 346: 345: 316:Attack helicopter 6509: 6497:Libyan Air Force 5720: 5713: 5706: 5697: 5696: 5657:Libyan Air Force 5621:Libyan Air Force 5598: 5591: 5584: 5575: 5574: 5558: 5555: 5540: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5470: 5451: 5432: 5413: 5409:978-1-912-390328 5394: 5366: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5303: 5297: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5227: 5220: 5211: 5210: 5207:libyaobserver.ly 5199: 5193: 5192: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5175:libyaobserver.ly 5167: 5161: 5160: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5134:madhousenews.com 5126: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5061: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5027:. 16 April 2019. 5021: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4966: 4960: 4950: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4899: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4882:defenseworld.net 4874: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4848: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4795: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4769: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4717: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4691: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4662: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4626: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4595: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4566: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4529: 4514: 4508: 4507: 4500: 4494: 4493: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4460: 4451: 4450: 4443: 4437: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4413: 4407: 4406: 4395: 4389: 4388: 4387:. 2 August 2016. 4377: 4371: 4370: 4359: 4353: 4340: 4334: 4333: 4322: 4303: 4302: 4295: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4258: 4249: 4248: 4241: 4228: 4227: 4220: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4161: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4126: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4097: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4077:libyaobserver.ly 4069: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4043: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4012: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3983: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3925: 3914: 3904:Libyan Air Force 3901: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3879:defenceweb.co.za 3870: 3864: 3863: 3852: 3850: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3796: 3794: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3754:. Archived from 3748: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3718: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3692: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3673:. 28 August 2011 3663: 3657: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3643:. Archived from 3637: 3631: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3602: 3596: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3576: 3570: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3546: 3540: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3486: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3429:. 22 March 2011. 3419: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3388: 3382: 3381: 3380:. 19 March 2011. 3370: 3364: 3363: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3292: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3271:. Archived from 3264: 3258: 3257: 3252:. Archived from 3241: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3128: 3119: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3024:. Archived from 3014: 3008: 3007: 3006:on 25 June 2016. 3002:. Archived from 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2969:. 8 March 2011. 2959: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2934: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2891:The Toronto Star 2882: 2876: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2860:The Toronto Star 2851: 2845: 2842: 2836: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2817:on 13 March 2011 2803: 2797: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2751: 2710: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2634: 2628: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2604: 2598: 2597: 2586: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2540: 2534: 2528: 2522: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2490: 2484: 2470: 2464: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2443: 2437: 2434: 2428: 2427:, pp. 52–53 2422: 2416: 2404: 2398: 2397:, pp. 26–30 2392: 2386: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2349:. Archived from 2343: 2337: 2328: 2322: 2311: 2305: 2295: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2276:, pp. 18–19 2271: 2265: 2259: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2214: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2190: 2184: 2178: 2172: 2166: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2152:. Archived from 2146: 2140: 2134: 2128: 2122: 2116: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2101: 2095:. Archived from 2094: 2086: 2080: 2079: 2063: 2054: 2048: 2047: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2014: 2008: 2002: 1954:Libyan Civil War 1789:Infrared homing 1770:Infrared homing 1711: 1710: 1634:Trainer aircraft 1501: 1500: 1437:Wheelus Air Base 1390:Ghadames Airport 1102:Second Civil War 957:fighter jet and 876:Libyan Civil War 718:, in support of 670:attacked targets 586:airmen operated 554:, as well as 50 435:Wheelus Air Base 400:Mohamed al-Menfi 377:ongoing conflict 373:Libyan Civil War 367:responsible for 362: 353:Libyan Air Force 269: 255: 250: 219:Mohamed al-Menfi 89: 87: 86: 74: 72: 67: 53: 44: 43: 35:Libyan Air Force 32: 31: 6517: 6516: 6512: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6507: 6506: 6487: 6486: 6485: 6480: 6226:North Macedonia 5732: 5724: 5694: 5689: 5643: 5607: 5602: 5567: 5565:Further reading 5562: 5561: 5556: 5552: 5547: 5537: 5507: 5505: 5467: 5448: 5429: 5410: 5375: 5370: 5369: 5361: 5357: 5347: 5345: 5335: 5331: 5321: 5319: 5304: 5300: 5290: 5288: 5278: 5274: 5264: 5262: 5260:Middle East Eye 5254: 5253: 5249: 5239: 5237: 5230:The Independent 5222: 5221: 5214: 5201: 5200: 5196: 5191:. 19 June 2019. 5187: 5186: 5182: 5169: 5168: 5164: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5137: 5128: 5127: 5123: 5113: 5111: 5103: 5102: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5077: 5076: 5072: 5063: 5062: 5058: 5048: 5046: 5038:Ranter, Harro. 5036: 5032: 5023: 5022: 5013: 5003: 5001: 4993: 4992: 4988: 4978: 4976: 4968: 4967: 4963: 4951: 4947: 4937: 4935: 4925: 4921: 4911: 4909: 4901: 4900: 4896: 4886: 4884: 4876: 4875: 4871: 4861: 4859: 4849: 4842: 4832: 4830: 4822: 4821: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4782: 4780: 4770: 4766: 4756: 4754: 4744: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4718: 4714: 4704: 4702: 4692: 4685: 4675: 4673: 4672:. 17 April 2017 4670:warisboring.com 4664: 4663: 4648: 4638: 4636: 4634:Middle East Eye 4628: 4627: 4618: 4608: 4606: 4603:warisboring.com 4597: 4596: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4567: 4563: 4553: 4551: 4541: 4537: 4527: 4525: 4515: 4511: 4502: 4501: 4497: 4488: 4487: 4483: 4473: 4471: 4461: 4454: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4432: 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2601: 2588: 2587: 2562: 2552: 2550: 2548:warisboring.com 2542: 2541: 2537: 2529: 2525: 2517: 2513: 2503: 2501: 2492: 2491: 2487: 2481:Wayback Machine 2471: 2467: 2457: 2455: 2444: 2440: 2435: 2431: 2423: 2419: 2405: 2401: 2393: 2389: 2383:Wayback Machine 2370: 2366: 2356: 2354: 2353:on 18 June 2011 2345: 2344: 2340: 2329: 2325: 2312: 2308: 2296: 2292: 2284: 2280: 2272: 2268: 2260: 2256: 2248: 2244: 2236: 2232: 2224: 2217: 2209: 2205: 2197: 2193: 2185: 2181: 2177:, pp. 9–10 2173: 2169: 2159: 2157: 2148: 2147: 2143: 2135: 2131: 2123: 2119: 2111: 2107: 2099: 2092: 2088: 2087: 2083: 2076: 2056: 2055: 2051: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2027: 2025: 2016: 2015: 2011: 2003: 1970: 1965: 1933: 1853: 1805: 1750:Infrared homing 1709: 1525:Combat aircraft 1456: 1451: 1428:Misrata Airport 1343: 1242:in the area of 1183:L-39ZO Albatros 1104: 1055:Dassault Rafale 928:Libyan military 863: 857: 818: 700:F-4N Phantom II 556:Soko G-2 Galebs 516:Fouga Magisters 492: 452: 447: 404:Fayez al-Sarraj 349: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 160: 107: 105: 101: 84: 82: 70: 68: 65: 56: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6515: 6505: 6504: 6499: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6436:United Kingdom 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5723: 5722: 5715: 5708: 5700: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5681: 5675: 5674: 5673: 5665: 5664: 5663: 5653: 5651: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5641: 5635: 5629: 5624: 5617: 5615: 5609: 5608: 5601: 5600: 5593: 5586: 5578: 5572: 5571: 5566: 5563: 5560: 5559: 5557:Combat capable 5549: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5541: 5535: 5520: 5514: 5489:(1): 328–395. 5471: 5465: 5452: 5446: 5433: 5427: 5414: 5408: 5395: 5382:Air Enthusiast 5374: 5371: 5368: 5367: 5365:, p. 184. 5355: 5329: 5298: 5272: 5247: 5232:. 7 May 2019. 5212: 5194: 5180: 5162: 5147: 5121: 5096: 5070: 5056: 5030: 5011: 4986: 4961: 4945: 4919: 4894: 4869: 4840: 4815: 4790: 4764: 4738: 4712: 4683: 4646: 4616: 4587: 4561: 4535: 4509: 4495: 4481: 4452: 4438: 4426: 4408: 4390: 4372: 4354: 4335: 4332:. 6 July 2016. 4304: 4279: 4250: 4229: 4208: 4182: 4147: 4118: 4089: 4064: 4033: 4004: 3971: 3945: 3915: 3896: 3865: 3830: 3819:. 20 June 2012 3804: 3769: 3743: 3726:Times of Malta 3713: 3702:. 27 July 2011 3684: 3658: 3632: 3623: 3597: 3571: 3541: 3511: 3481: 3451: 3432: 3427:Channel 4 News 3414: 3383: 3365: 3347: 3317: 3287: 3259: 3244:Baz, Patrick. 3236: 3206: 3180: 3149: 3120: 3094: 3080: 3065: 3039: 3009: 2999:Times of Malta 2984: 2954: 2929: 2918:. 6 March 2011 2903: 2877: 2846: 2837: 2828: 2798: 2772: 2711: 2694:Times of Malta 2681: 2663: 2629: 2599: 2560: 2535: 2523: 2511: 2485: 2465: 2438: 2429: 2417: 2399: 2387: 2364: 2338: 2331:Libya Opens Up 2323: 2319:978-1857802597 2306: 2290: 2278: 2266: 2254: 2242: 2230: 2215: 2203: 2191: 2179: 2167: 2141: 2129: 2117: 2105: 2090:"Support-Page" 2081: 2074: 2049: 2035: 2009: 2007:, p. 371. 1967: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1932: 1929: 1905:Aeritalia G222 1901:Ilyushin Il-76 1897:Antonov An-124 1889:Lockheed C-130 1865:Lockheed T-33A 1852: 1849: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1782:R-23 (missile) 1778: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1763:R-60 (missile) 1759: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1747: 1744: 1742:K-13 (missile) 1738: 1737: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1693:basic trainer 1691: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1666:Czechoslovakia 1663: 1657: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1641:Soko G-2 Galeb 1637: 1636: 1630: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1617: 1614: 1608: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1594: 1591: 1585: 1584: 1578: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1553: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1542:fighter-bomber 1539: 1534: 1528: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1443:Sabha Air Base 1440: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1410: 1405: 1392: 1387: 1377: 1367: 1357: 1342: 1339: 1103: 1100: 1063:Soko G-2 Galeb 998:Air Base near 856: 853: 817: 814: 626:Sabha Air Base 603:Yom Kippur War 574:aircraft. Two 528:Yom Kippur War 496:United Kingdom 491: 488: 451: 448: 446: 443: 423:Lockheed T-33s 402:that replaced 396:Khalifa Haftar 369:aerial warfare 347: 344: 343: 337:Soko G-2 Galeb 330: 324: 323: 318: 312: 311: 306: 300: 299: 294: 288: 287: 282: 276: 275: 274:Aircraft flown 271: 270: 263: 257: 256: 244: 238: 237: 233: 232: 226: 225:Chief of Staff 222: 221: 216: 210: 209: 205: 204: 178: 174: 173: 170: 166: 165: 154: 150: 149: 146: 142: 141: 139:Aerial warfare 136: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 116: 112: 111: 96: 92: 91: 80: 76: 75: 62: 58: 57: 54: 46: 45: 37: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6514: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6441:United States 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 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5359: 5344: 5340: 5333: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5302: 5287: 5283: 5276: 5261: 5257: 5251: 5235: 5231: 5226: 5219: 5217: 5208: 5204: 5198: 5190: 5184: 5176: 5172: 5166: 5158: 5151: 5135: 5131: 5125: 5109: 5106: 5100: 5085:. 23 May 2019 5084: 5080: 5074: 5066: 5060: 5045: 5041: 5034: 5026: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5000: 4996: 4990: 4975: 4974:aljazeera.com 4971: 4965: 4958: 4957:Libya Express 4954: 4949: 4934: 4930: 4923: 4908: 4904: 4898: 4883: 4879: 4873: 4858: 4854: 4847: 4845: 4829: 4825: 4819: 4804: 4800: 4794: 4779: 4775: 4768: 4753: 4749: 4742: 4727: 4723: 4716: 4701: 4697: 4690: 4688: 4671: 4667: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4635: 4631: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4604: 4600: 4594: 4592: 4576: 4572: 4565: 4550: 4546: 4539: 4524: 4520: 4513: 4505: 4499: 4491: 4485: 4470: 4466: 4459: 4457: 4448: 4442: 4435: 4430: 4422: 4418: 4412: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4386: 4382: 4376: 4368: 4364: 4358: 4351: 4347: 4344: 4339: 4331: 4327: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4300: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4286: 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3191: 3184: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3153: 3138: 3134: 3127: 3125: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3090: 3084: 3076: 3069: 3053: 3049: 3043: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3013: 3005: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2988: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2958: 2943: 2939: 2933: 2917: 2913: 2907: 2892: 2888: 2881: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2850: 2841: 2832: 2816: 2812: 2811:World Tribune 2808: 2802: 2786: 2782: 2776: 2760: 2756: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2685: 2677: 2673: 2667: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2633: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2603: 2595: 2591: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2549: 2545: 2539: 2532: 2527: 2520: 2515: 2499: 2495: 2489: 2482: 2478: 2475: 2469: 2453: 2449: 2442: 2433: 2426: 2421: 2414: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2396: 2391: 2384: 2380: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2352: 2348: 2342: 2335: 2332: 2327: 2320: 2316: 2310: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2287: 2282: 2275: 2270: 2263: 2258: 2251: 2246: 2239: 2234: 2227: 2222: 2220: 2212: 2207: 2200: 2195: 2188: 2183: 2176: 2171: 2155: 2151: 2145: 2138: 2133: 2126: 2121: 2114: 2109: 2098: 2091: 2085: 2077: 2075:9781857435573 2071: 2067: 2062: 2061: 2053: 2045: 2039: 2023: 2019: 2013: 2006: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1968: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1893:Antonov An-26 1890: 1886: 1885:Tupolev Tu-22 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1869:Northrop F-5A 1866: 1862: 1858: 1848: 1846: 1843:fighters and 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1786:Soviet Union 1785: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767:Soviet Union 1766: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746:Soviet Union 1745: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1712: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1648:light attack 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