2354:, p. 143–144: "However, given the way in which terminology has evolved, we must be careful not to assume too close an association between 'religious liberty' and 'religious liberalism.' Many people who think that religious liberty is basically a good thing that ought to be promoted do not wish to be regarded as advocates of religious liberalism; some of them even feel that many of those who call themselves 'religious liberals' are enemies of religious liberty, or at least end up undermining religious liberty in the process of promoting their own special brand of 'liberal religion.' ... One notable problem here is that, when liberalism is considered in relation to religion, one may be thinking primarily of a certain 'liberal' conception of religion itself (in contrast with, say, orthodox, conservative, traditionalist, or fundamentalist conceptions) or one may be thinking more of a 'liberal' political view of the value of religious liberty. But, when people talk about 'religious liberalism,' they are usually thinking of the former more than the latter, although they may uncritically assume that the two necessarily accompany one another."
2439:
as wide as the range of man's necessities and sins. This is what is meant by a
Liberal Religion, or Liberal views of religion, or Liberal Christianity. ... Thoughtful, earnest, and devout minds now demand a liberal religion. Liberal in the honest, pure, and noble sense of that word. Not liberal in the sense of license, recklessness, or indifference; not in making a scoff of holy restraints and solemn mysteries. Not liberal as the worldling or the fool uses the word, for overthrowing all distinctions, and reducing life to a revel or a riot. ... Such a faith cannot afford to raise an issue with reason on a single point, so far as their road on the highway of truth will allow them to keep company together. When they part for faith to advance beyond reason, they must part in perfect harmony.
1817:
authoritarianism are dominant. ... There is no doubt that the loss of the traditional faith has left many people confused and rudderless, and they are finding that there is no adequate satisfaction in mere excitement or in flight from their finer ideals. They crave a sense of deeper meaning and direction for their life. Religious liberalism, not as a cult but as an attitude and method, turns to the living realities in the actual tasks of building more significant individual and collective human life.
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1671:
65:
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between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, intellectuals such as Jamal Edin al-Afghani and
Muhammad Abdu used salafiyya to mean a renovation of Islamic thought, with features that would today be described as rationalist, modernist and even progressive. This salafiyya movement is often known in the West as "Islamic modernism." However, the term salafism is today generally employed to signify ideologies such as
2330:, p. 144: "... when people talk about 'religious liberalism,' they are normally referring to a commitment to a certain kind of conception of what religion is and, accordingly, of how religious attitudes, institutions, and communities should be developed or reshaped so as to accommodate and promote particular forms of personal and group freedom."
2511:
Machen asserted that "If the Jesus of naturalistic reconstruction were really taken as an example, disaster would soon follow. As a matter of fact, however, the modern liberal does not really take as his example the Jesus of the liberal historians; what he really does in practice is to manufacture as
2886:
Salafism is, therefore, a modern phenomenon, being the desire of contemporary
Muslims to rediscover what they see as the pure, original and authentic Islam, ... However, there is a difference between two profoundly different trends which sought inspiration from the concept of salafiyya. Indeed,
2438:
this condition even before that of Truth, because a religion that is not liberal cannot be true. The devout and intelligent demand a liberal religion, a religion large, free, generous, comprehensive in its lessons, a religion expansive in its spirit, lofty in its views, and with a sweep of blessings
2782:
Islamic modernism was the first Muslim ideological response to the
Western cultural challenge. Started in India and Egypt in the second part of the 19th century ... reflected in the work of a group of like-minded Muslim scholars, featuring a critical reexamination of the classical conceptions
3103:
The repetition of the distinctive pattern in both higher and lower ranking of both terminal and instrumental values leads one to a firmer basis for sensing a distinctive
Unitarian Universalist pattern of religiousness. It is, perhaps, more accurately defined as a pattern of liberal religion which
1816:
The term "liberalism" seems to be developing a religious usage which gives it growing significance. It is more sharply contrasted with fundamentalism, and signifies a far deeper meaning than modernism. Fundamentalism describes a relatively uncritical attitude. In it custom, traditionalism, and
2586:
All theology of the liberal type involves at some point—and often involves throughout—the claim that the real behavior and purpose and teaching of Christ came very rapidly to be misunderstood and misrepresented by his followers, and has been recovered or exhumed only by modern
2783:
and methods of jurisprudence and a formulation of a new approach to
Islamic theology and Quranic exegesis. This new approach, which was nothing short of an outright rebellion against Islamic orthodoxy, displayed astonishing compatibility with the ideas of the Enlightenment.
2025:
ethical and pluralistic intent of the Quran. They distance themselves from some traditional and less liberal interpretations of
Islamic law which they regard as culturally based and without universal applicability. The reform movement uses
3067:
Does liberal religion have a future? If we answer in the affirmative, can we begin to imagine the outlines of liberal religion in the next century? What will the
Unitarian Universalist movement look like in the decade of the
5143:
1909:, in which he intended to show that "despite the liberal use of traditional phraseology modern liberalism not only is a different religion from Christianity but belongs in a totally different class of religions". The
2177:
Eastern religions were not immediately affected by liberalism and
Enlightenment philosophy, and have partly undertaken reform movements only after contact with Western philosophy in the 19th and 20th centuries. Thus
1917:
voiced a similar view in the mid-20th century, arguing that "theology of the liberal type" amounted to a complete re-invention of
Christianity and a rejection of Christianity as understood by its own founders.
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3145:
This is the first book of its kind and is intended to be the beginning, rather than the final word. It adds considerably to the study of Quakerism but also to the study of Liberal religion per se.
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in the context of religious philosophy appeared as early as the mid-19th century and became established by the first part of the 20th century; for example, in 1936, philosophy professor and
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1975:
involve professed Muslims who have created a considerable body of liberal thought about Islamic understanding and practice. Their work is sometimes characterized as "progressive Islam" (
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his example a simple exponent of a non-doctrinal religion whom the abler historians even of his own school know never to have existed except in the imagination of modern men."
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generally. It also contrasts with conservative forms of Christianity outside the Western world and outside the reach of Enlightenment philosophy and modernism, mostly within
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1761:, which is the tolerance of different religious beliefs and practices, but not all promoters of religious liberty are in favor of religious liberalism, and vice versa.
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2499:"Liberalism in religion is the doctrine that there is no positive truth in religion, but that one creed is as good as another…", J. H. Newman 'Biglietto Speech'
2042:
has been described as "the first Muslim ideological response to the Western cultural challenge" attempting to reconcile Islamic faith with modern values such as
5236:
1829:, who reject the idea that implementation of rationalistic or critical thought leaves any room for religion altogether, likewise dispute religious liberalism.
5349:
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2702:"'Islam against Religious Extremism and Fanaticism': speech delivered by Imam Abdul Jalil Sajid at a meeting on International NGO Rights and Humanity"
5423:
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2066:. It featured a "critical reexamination of the classical conceptions and methods of jurisprudence" and a new approach to Islamic theology and
5756:
5553:
4947:
4917:
1038:
1008:
2236:, an influential Unitarian theologian. Fifty years later, a new version of the journal was published in an online format from 1999 to 2009.
4242:
1713:
1090:
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5394:
2364:
Stellway, Richard J. (Summer 1973). "The correspondence between religious orientation and socio-political liberalism and conservatism".
5389:
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1972:
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2085:—that emerged in the middle of the 19th century in reaction to the rapid changes of the time, especially the perceived onslaught of
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2342:, p. 159: "... religious liberalism came to be so concerned with respect for reason, reasonableness, and rationality ... ."
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from the early 19th century. This resulted in the creation of various non-Orthodox denominations, from the moderately liberal
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movement is often known in the West as "Islamic modernism," although it is very different from what is currently called the
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1886:(1801–1890), for example, was considered to be moderately liberal by 19th-century standards because he was critical of
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attempt to show a link between religious liberalism and political liberalism proved inconclusive in a 1973 study in
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4200:
1990:
The methodologies of liberal or progressive Islam rest on the interpretation of traditional Islamic scripture (the
1842:
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position, and as opposed to criticism of a religion other than one's own) which contrasts with a traditionalist or
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and culture since the Enlightenment of the late 18th century. It has become mostly mainstream within the major
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2220:, to refer to their own brand of religious liberalism; the term has also been used by non-Unitarians, such as
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4135:
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1336:
1316:
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2032:(monotheism) "as an organizing principle for human society and the basis of religious knowledge, history,
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2152:
2148:
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Murphy, Robert (1995). "The church green: ecology and the future". In O'Neal, Dan; Wesley, Alice Blair;
1882:
in particular has a long tradition of controversy regarding questions of religious liberalism. Cardinal
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The transient and permanent in liberal religion: reflections from the UUMA Convocation on Ministry
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1957:
1890:, but he explicitly opposed "liberalism in religion" because he argued it would lead to complete
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Foody, Kathleen (October 2016). "Pedagogical projects: teaching liberal religion after 9/11".
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should have any impact on religious tradition, challenge the concept of religious liberalism.
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3001:
Havnevik, Hanna; Hüsken, Ute; Teeuwen, Mark; Tikhonov, Vladimir; Wellens, Koen, eds. (2017).
2802:(2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Macmillan Reference, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning.
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Miller, Robert L'H. (Spring 1976). "The religious value system of Unitarian Universalists".
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further research may disclose is typical, for example, of such groups as Reform Judaism.
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The first of all the requisites in such a religion is that it shall be Liberal. We
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Conception of religion which emphasizes personal and group liberty and rationality
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104:
2590:(From an essay titled "Modern theology and biblical criticism" written in 1959.)
2232:, and Universalist Ministerial Association from 1939 to 1949, and was edited by
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1961:
1953:
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833:
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304:
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168:
136:
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1785:; but religious liberalism does not necessarily coincide with all meanings of
888:
710:
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1812:
minister Edward Scribner Ames wrote in his article "Liberalism in Religion":
1611:
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893:
823:
793:
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131:
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Buddhist modernities: re-inventing tradition in the globalizing modern world
2935:
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2213:
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2019:
Liberal Muslims see themselves as returning to the principles of the early
1898:
1645:
978:
953:
883:
730:
560:
550:
353:
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2112:
The early Islamic modernists (al-Afghani and Muhammad Abdu) used the term
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4432:
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3530:
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2759:
Islamic modernism, nationalism, and fundamentalism: episode and discourse
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of its original reformism by both secularist rulers and by "the official
2090:
2055:
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2033:
1914:
1738:
963:
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520:
505:
412:
265:
213:
3180:
2920:(3rd ed.). Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 318.
2036:, aesthetics, and ethics, as well as social, economic and world order".
1987:, regard progressive Islam and liberal Islam as two distinct movements.
1682:
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3167:
3098:
2660:
2478:
2387:
2307:
2144:" whose "task it is to legitimise" rulers' actions in religious terms.
2074:
2009:
1891:
1851:"Liberal Christianity" is an umbrella term for certain developments in
1826:
1782:
1601:
1567:
1562:
1232:
745:
535:
510:
417:
270:
250:
56:
1905:
criticized what he termed "naturalistic liberalism" in his 1923 book,
4582:
3751:
3116:
3006:
2888:
2135:
2127:
2118:
to refer to their attempt at renovation of Islamic thought, and this
2047:
1984:
1822:
1750:
1670:
1468:
670:
190:
5903:
List of Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist churches
3090:
2186:(or "New Buddhism") arose in its Japanese form as a reaction to the
2004:. This can vary from the slight to the most liberal, where only the
5842:
List of Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist hymnals
5048:
5021:
4437:
4230:
4098:
3625:
3486:
2833:"Salafism: Modernist Salafism from the 20th century to the present"
2247:
2078:
1910:
1798:
1730:
1606:
1579:
1483:
1274:
525:
368:
1733:(or of a particular religion) which emphasizes personal and group
4627:
3439:
3373:
2892:
2221:
2000:
1945:
1746:
1734:
715:
321:
255:
4262:
3503:
2067:
2028:
1995:
385:
5898:
List of Unitarians, Universalists, and Unitarian Universalists
1821:
Religious traditionalists, who reject the idea that tenets of
1741:. It is an attitude towards one's own religion (as opposed to
3277:
3149:
3000:
2140:
2021:
1991:
2665:
No god but God: the origins, evolution, and future of Islam
37:"Liberal theology" redirects here. Not to be confused with
3123:
The Quaker condition: the sociology of a liberal religion
3005:. Routledge studies in religion. Vol. 54. New York:
3125:. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 18.
2073:
It was the first of several Islamic movements—including
3047:. Boston: Skinner House Books. pp. 195–206 (195).
1940:
German-Jewish religious reformers began to incorporate
1781:, which forms the starting point of both religious and
2501:
http://www.newmanreader.org/works/addresses/file2.html
2134:, Islamic modernism suffered since its inception from
2602:
Progressive Muslims: on justice, gender and pluralism
3187:. Retrieved 2017-11-20. Published from 1939 to 1949.
2243:
1867:
which developed in response to these trends, and by
4923:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
2762:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 2.
2197:
2012:, with its expression in words seen as the work of
1014:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
3238:
2420:(3). Boston: Crosby, Nichols, and Company for the
2228:was published by the Unitarian Ministerial Union,
1753:approach, and it is directly opposed by trends of
5938:
3120:
2126:, which generally signifies "ideologies such as
2730:. Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Archived from
2414:The Christian Examiner and Religious Miscellany
2147:Examples of liberal movements within Islam are
3121:Dandelion, Pink; Collins, Peter, eds. (2008).
2182:emerged in British India in the 19th century.
5137:
4948:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
4918:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
3293:
2101:for a brief period before his death in 1905,
1707:
1039:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
1009:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
2904:
2708:. Muslim Council of Britain. Archived from
5144:
5130:
3300:
3286:
2800:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world
2751:
2749:
1714:
1700:
4953:International Federation of Liberal Youth
2970:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183276.001.0001
2856:
2854:
1973:Liberalism and progressivism within Islam
1044:International Federation of Liberal Youth
2700:Sajid, Abdul Jalil (December 10, 2001).
2363:
1769:In the context of religious liberalism,
5918:Unitarian Universalism and LGBTQ people
5778:
4933:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
2955:
2910:
2755:
2746:
2653:
2399:
2397:
2166:
1024:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
14:
5939:
3233:
3074:
3038:
2860:
2851:
2797:
2793:
2791:
2520:William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
2513:
2351:
2339:
2327:
2093:on the Muslim world. Founders include
5877:
5777:
5687:
5595:
5172:
5125:
3281:
3153:
2830:
2699:
2659:
2645:. Averroes Foundation. Archived from
2550:
2518:(New ed.). Grand Rapids, Mich.:
2404:
2157:British Muslims for Secular Democracy
2599:
2450:
2394:
2016:in his particular time and context.
4973:Liberal South East European Network
2788:
2451:Ames, Edward Scribner (July 1936).
2444:
2008:of the Quran is considered to be a
1064:Liberal South East European Network
24:
5596:
2380:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1973.tb00871.x
1863:, but is opposed by a movement of
1832:
25:
5963:
5173:
4963:Liberal Network for Latin America
3198:"The Journal of Liberal Religion"
3181:"The Journal of Liberal Religion"
2798:Martin, Richard C., ed. (2016) .
1054:Liberal Network for Latin America
487:(contributions to liberal theory)
2958:The making of Buddhist modernism
2636:
2246:
2198:Liberal religion in Unitarianism
1843:Modernism in the Catholic Church
1681:
1669:
63:
5893:List of Christian universalists
3190:
3174:
3109:
3031:
2994:
2949:
2824:
2716:
2693:
2630:
2593:
2458:International Journal of Ethics
2410:"Relations of reason and faith"
2226:The Journal of Liberal Religion
1994:) and other texts (such as the
1964:, espouses a similar approach.
3546:Separation of church and state
3307:
2845:10.1093/obo/9780195390155-0070
2831:Brown, Jonathan A. C. (2009).
2667:(Updated ed.). New York:
2544:
2505:
2493:
2471:10.1086/intejethi.46.4.2989282
2422:American Unitarian Association
2357:
2345:
2333:
2321:
2161:Muslims for Progressive Values
428:Separation of church and state
13:
1:
5947:Religious belief and doctrine
5688:
3227:
2866:"The rise of global Salafism"
2153:2005 London terrorist attacks
1921:
30:For religious liberties, see
5878:
3220:Published from 1999 to 2009.
3078:Review of Religious Research
2639:"What is Progressive Islam?"
2514:Machen, J. Gresham (2009) .
2293:Religious Society of Friends
2263:Multiple religious belonging
2230:Meadville Theological School
7:
2895:ideology of the Kingdom of
2516:Christianity and liberalism
2239:
2149:Progressive British Muslims
1978:
1967:
1907:Christianity and Liberalism
1764:
10:
5968:
3249:University of Ottawa Press
2956:McMahan, David L. (2008).
2424:: 412–456 (444–445, 450).
2367:The Sociological Quarterly
2201:
2170:
1983:); some scholars, such as
1925:
1836:
36:
29:
5908:List of Unitarian martyrs
5888:
5884:
5873:
5788:
5784:
5773:
5734:
5698:
5694:
5683:
5639:
5608:
5604:
5591:
5512:
5470:
5449:
5432:
5415:
5207:Australia and New Zealand
5199:
5190:
5183:
5179:
5168:
5108:
5093:Sexually liberal feminism
5000:Bias in American academia
4980:
4938:European Democratic Party
4906:
4688:
4408:
4376:
4328:
4241:
3992:
3916:
3875:
3866:
3773:Constitutional patriotism
3760:
3708:
3675:
3595:
3588:
3317:
2839:. Oxford Bibliographies.
2756:Moaddel, Mansoor (2005).
1936:Reconstructionist Judaism
1651:Sexually liberal feminism
1558:Bias in American academia
1029:European Democratic Party
485:List of liberal theorists
5820:Universal reconciliation
5742:Canada and United States
5706:Canada and United States
5647:Canada and United States
5616:Canada and United States
5520:Canada and United States
3428:Labor theory of property
2837:oxfordbibliographies.com
2728:oxfordislamicstudies.com
2600:Safi, Omid, ed. (2003).
2556:The essential C.S. Lewis
2453:"Liberalism in religion"
2314:
1944:and humanist ideas into
1865:Christian fundamentalism
1847:Progressive Christianity
1755:religious fundamentalism
310:Labor theory of property
5952:Liberalism and religion
5913:History of Unitarianism
4928:Arab Liberal Federation
3810:Neoclassical liberalism
3327:Consent of the governed
2962:Oxford University Press
2643:averroes-foundation.org
2218:Unitarian Universalists
2103:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani
1958:Modern Orthodox Judaism
1956:. The moderate wing of
1857:Christian denominations
1777:as it developed in the
1019:Arab Liberal Federation
209:Consent of the governed
5815:Unitarian Universalism
5810:Christian universalism
5161:Unitarian Universalist
4943:European Liberal Youth
4913:Africa Liberal Network
3347:Economic globalization
3240:"Religious liberalism"
2204:Unitarian Universalism
2180:Hindu reform movements
2151:(formed following the
1819:
1034:European Liberal Youth
1004:Africa Liberal Network
229:Economic globalization
5798:Biblical unitarianism
4990:Anti-authoritarianism
4958:Liberal International
3152:as liberal religion:
3119:as liberal religion:
2734:on September 17, 2017
2606:Oneworld Publications
2278:Red-Letter Christians
1979:al-Islām at-taqaddumī
1814:
1773:conveys the sense of
1743:criticism of religion
1676:Liberalism portal
1548:Anti-authoritarianism
1049:Liberal International
5456:Iceland: within the
5416:Reorganizing groups:
3820:Right-libertarianism
3690:Liberal conservatism
3551:Separation of powers
3245:On religious freedom
2960:. Oxford; New York:
2406:Ellis, George Edward
2283:Religious naturalism
2214:Unitarian Christians
2167:In eastern religions
2155:, defunct by 2012),
2107:Muhammad Rashid Rida
1998:), a process called
1950:Conservative Judaism
1928:Conservative Judaism
1913:Christian apologist
1873:Eastern Christianity
1839:Liberal Christianity
1791:political philosophy
1783:political liberalism
1779:Age of Enlightenment
1775:classical liberalism
1727:Religious liberalism
480:Age of Enlightenment
433:Separation of powers
5779:Doctrine and ritual
3815:Paleolibertarianism
3800:Left-libertarianism
3509:Civil and political
3482:Popular sovereignty
3342:Economic liberalism
3041:Ford, James Ishmael
2864:(August 31, 2012).
2288:Religious pluralism
2099:Al-Azhar University
1888:papal infallibility
1810:Disciples of Christ
1757:. It is related to
1729:is a conception of
1688:Politics portal
391:Civil and political
364:Popular sovereignty
224:Economic liberalism
39:Liberation theology
32:Freedom of religion
5837:Religious humanism
3967:Centrist reformist
3477:Permissive society
3457:Limited government
3168:10.1111/muwo.12167
2917:Islam in the world
2522:. pp. 6, 81.
2234:James Luther Adams
2184:Buddhist modernism
2159:(formed 2006), or
1853:Christian theology
1804:Usage of the term
1793:. For example, an
359:Permissive society
339:Limited government
5934:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5926:
5925:
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5868:
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5587:
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5583:
5582:
5508:
5507:
5466:
5465:
5458:Church of Iceland
5119:
5118:
5112:Liberalism Portal
5005:Bias in the media
4404:
4403:
4243:Latin America and
3862:
3861:
3805:Geolibertarianism
3735:Liberal socialism
3641:Civic nationalism
3514:Natural and legal
2876:on April 24, 2014
2408:(November 1856).
2212:has been used by
2188:Meiji Restoration
2173:Eastern religions
2040:Islamic Modernism
1903:J. Gresham Machen
1901:biblical scholar
1897:The conservative
1884:John Henry Newman
1759:religious liberty
1724:
1723:
1563:Bias in the media
1079:Regional variants
396:Natural and legal
18:Liberal religious
16:(Redirected from
5959:
5886:
5885:
5875:
5874:
5852:Flower Communion
5832:Liberal religion
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5034:Economic freedom
5027:Radical centrism
3873:
3872:
3827:Radical centrism
3740:Social democracy
3723:Liberal feminism
3593:
3592:
3541:Secular humanism
3467:Natural monopoly
3418:Internationalism
3312:
3302:
3295:
3288:
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3274:
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3221:
3219:
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3188:
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3156:The Muslim World
3147:
3115:For example, on
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3107:
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3070:
3035:
3029:
3028:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2883:
2881:
2872:. Archived from
2858:
2849:
2848:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2795:
2786:
2785:
2753:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2712:on June 7, 2008.
2697:
2691:
2690:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2649:on July 9, 2006.
2634:
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2597:
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2325:
2303:Secular theology
2273:Postchristianity
2256:
2251:
2250:
2210:liberal religion
2130:". According to
2068:Quranic exegesis
1981:
1952:to very liberal
1942:critical thought
1716:
1709:
1702:
1686:
1685:
1674:
1673:
1592:Economic freedom
1585:Radical centrism
423:Secular humanism
349:Natural monopoly
300:Internationalism
117:Internationalist
67:
44:
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21:
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5958:
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5861:
5857:Water Communion
5847:Flaming chalice
5827:Free Christians
5780:
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5741:
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4902:
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4684:
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4400:
4372:
4324:
4244:
4237:
3988:
3912:
3858:
3756:
3704:
3671:
3621:Equity feminism
3584:
3583:
3582:
3578:State of nature
3566:Social services
3556:Social contract
3519:To own property
3313:
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3214:
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3196:
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3110:
3091:10.2307/3510610
3055:
3036:
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3017:
2999:
2995:
2980:
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2950:
2940:
2938:
2928:
2912:Ruthven, Malise
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2254:Religion portal
2252:
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2206:
2200:
2175:
2169:
2163:(formed 2007).
2124:Salafi movement
2087:Western culture
1970:
1938:
1924:
1880:Catholic Church
1849:
1835:
1833:In Christianity
1767:
1720:
1680:
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1660:
1543:
1535:
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1337:North Macedonia
1081:
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1068:
1059:Liberal parties
997:
989:
988:
779:
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770:
501:
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490:
475:
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460:State of nature
448:Social services
438:Social contract
401:To own property
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5098:Utilitarianism
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5071:Libertarianism
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5066:Land value tax
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5039:Egalitarianism
5036:
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4995:Anti-communism
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4981:Related topics
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3807:
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3795:Libertarianism
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3768:Constitutional
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3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:Encyclopaedist
3665:
3660:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3601:
3599:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3561:Social justice
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3462:Market economy
3459:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3437:
3430:
3425:
3423:Invisible hand
3420:
3415:
3413:Harm principle
3410:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3261:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3189:
3173:
3162:(4): 719–739.
3131:
3108:
3085:(3): 189–208.
3053:
3030:
3015:
2993:
2978:
2948:
2926:
2903:
2862:Atzori, Daniel
2850:
2823:
2808:
2787:
2768:
2745:
2715:
2692:
2677:
2652:
2629:
2614:
2592:
2572:
2543:
2528:
2504:
2492:
2465:(4): 429–443.
2443:
2393:
2374:(3): 430–439.
2356:
2344:
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2295:
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2265:
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2241:
2238:
2202:Main article:
2199:
2196:
2168:
2165:
2132:Malise Ruthven
2097:, a Sheikh of
2095:Muhammad Abduh
1969:
1966:
1962:Open Orthodoxy
1954:Reform Judaism
1932:Reform Judaism
1923:
1920:
1869:Evangelicalism
1834:
1831:
1766:
1763:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1678:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:Utilitarianism
1653:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1629:Libertarianism
1626:
1624:Land value tax
1621:
1620:
1619:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1597:Egalitarianism
1594:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1553:Anti-communism
1550:
1544:
1542:Related topics
1541:
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1527:
1522:
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1496:Arizona School
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1464:United Kingdom
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591:Wollstonecraft
588:
583:
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568:
563:
558:
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538:
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523:
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457:
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443:Social justice
440:
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410:
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398:
393:
383:
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376:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
344:Market economy
341:
336:
335:
334:
329:
319:
312:
307:
305:Invisible hand
302:
297:
295:Harm principle
292:
291:
290:
285:
280:
275:
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253:
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26:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
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5480:United States
5478:
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5475:
5473:organizations
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5340:United States
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5319:
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5309:
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5178:
5174:Organizations
5171:
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5077:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5054:Individualism
5052:
5050:
5047:
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5037:
5035:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5023:
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4909:
4907:Organisations
4905:
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4341:United States
4339:
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4329:North America
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4311:
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4261:
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4245:the Caribbean
4240:
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3774:
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3750:
3748:
3747:Progressivism
3745:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3721:
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3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3636:Anti-clerical
3634:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3587:
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3576:
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3571:Welfare state
3569:
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3564:
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3434:Laissez-faire
3431:
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3202:meadville.edu
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2809:9780028662695
2805:
2801:
2794:
2792:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2769:9780226533339
2765:
2761:
2760:
2752:
2750:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2678:9780812982442
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2615:9781851683161
2611:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2560:Collier Books
2557:
2553:
2547:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2529:9780802864994
2525:
2521:
2517:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2437:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:For example:
2400:
2398:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2360:
2353:
2348:
2341:
2336:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2244:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2216:, as well as
2215:
2211:
2205:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1965:
1963:
1960:, especially
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1861:Western world
1858:
1854:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1612:Individualism
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
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1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1491:United States
1489:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
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1450:
1447:
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1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1091:Latin America
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
996:Organizations
993:
992:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
781:
775:
774:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
500:
495:
494:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
474:
469:
468:
461:
458:
454:
453:Welfare state
451:
449:
446:
445:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
387:
384:
380:
377:
375:
372:
371:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
323:
320:
318:
317:
316:Laissez-faire
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
272:
269:
267:
264:
263:
262:
259:
258:
257:
254:
252:
249:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
206:
200:
199:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
170:
167:
165:
162:
158:
155:
154:
153:
150:
149:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
106:
103:
102:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
77:
71:
70:
66:
62:
61:
58:
55:
54:
50:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
5831:
5805:Universalism
5793:Unitarianism
5157:Universalist
5088:Pirate Party
4817:Lloyd George
4409:Philosophers
4351:Jeffersonian
4094:Berlusconism
3960:
3898:South Africa
3831:
3677:Conservative
3663:Physiocratic
3524:To bear arms
3472:Open society
3432:
3244:
3213:. Retrieved
3201:
3192:
3185:worldcat.org
3184:
3176:
3159:
3155:
3144:
3122:
3111:
3102:
3082:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3044:
3033:
3002:
2996:
2957:
2951:
2939:. Retrieved
2916:
2906:
2897:Saudi Arabia
2885:
2878:. Retrieved
2874:the original
2869:
2836:
2826:
2799:
2781:
2758:
2736:. Retrieved
2732:the original
2727:
2718:
2710:the original
2705:
2695:
2669:Random House
2664:
2655:
2647:the original
2642:
2637:Safi, Omid.
2632:
2601:
2595:
2585:
2558:. New York:
2555:
2552:Lewis, C. S.
2546:
2515:
2507:
2495:
2462:
2456:
2446:
2435:
2433:
2417:
2413:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2347:
2335:
2323:
2298:Sea of Faith
2225:
2209:
2207:
2192:Zen Buddhism
2176:
2146:
2139:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2072:
2052:civil rights
2038:
2027:
2020:
2018:
2005:
1999:
1989:
1976:
1971:
1939:
1906:
1899:Presbyterian
1896:
1877:
1850:
1820:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1786:
1770:
1768:
1726:
1725:
1646:Pirate Party
1506:Jeffersonian
1414:South Africa
904:Lloyd George
499:Philosophers
406:To bear arms
354:Open society
314:
146:
85:Conservative
5565:UCMI / UCEC
5471:Independent
5450:In contact:
5433:Associates:
5291:Netherlands
4887:Verhofstadt
4882:Balcerowicz
4689:Politicians
4618:Collingwood
4558:Tocqueville
4433:Montesquieu
4396:New Zealand
4366:Progressive
4356:Libertarian
4211:Libertarian
4206:Gladstonian
4186:Switzerland
4136:Netherlands
4037:Czech lands
3979:Philippines
3972:Progressive
3954:South Korea
3728:Ecofeminism
3651:Utilitarian
3531:Rule of law
3332:Due process
3251:. pp.
3235:Newman, Jay
2893:puritanical
2661:Aslan, Reza
2352:Newman 1991
2340:Newman 1991
2328:Newman 1991
2268:Post-theism
2109:(d. 1935).
2091:colonialism
2056:rationality
2044:nationalism
2034:metaphysics
1915:C. S. Lewis
1827:Secularists
1739:rationality
1474:Gladstonian
1434:Switzerland
1419:South Korea
1362:Philippines
1322:New Zealand
1317:Netherlands
974:Verhofstadt
969:Balcerowicz
778:Politicians
706:Collingwood
646:Tocqueville
521:Montesquieu
413:Rule of law
214:Due process
5941:Categories
5044:Empiricism
5015:Democratic
5010:Capitalism
4346:Jacksonian
4216:Manchester
4131:Montenegro
4116:Luxembourg
3685:Democratic
3646:Republican
3536:Secularism
3369:Federalism
3310:Liberalism
3262:0776603086
3247:. Ottawa:
3228:References
3215:2020-06-19
3054:1558963308
2706:mcb.org.uk
2604:. Oxford:
2573:0020195508
2562:. p.
2308:Secularism
2171:See also:
2075:secularism
2010:revelation
1926:See also:
1922:In Judaism
1892:relativism
1837:See also:
1787:liberalism
1771:liberalism
1602:Empiricism
1573:Democratic
1568:Capitalism
1479:Manchester
1312:Montenegro
1297:Luxembourg
1233:Venizelism
1163:Costa Rica
418:Secularism
251:Federalism
203:Principles
95:Democratic
57:Liberalism
5689:Education
5490:Worldwide
5355:Districts
5153:Unitarian
5059:Anarchist
4857:Roosevelt
4827:Ståhlberg
4822:Venizelos
4777:Sarmiento
4767:Gladstone
4727:Lamartine
4697:Jefferson
4548:Martineau
4498:De Gouges
4483:Condorcet
4468:Priestley
4384:Australia
4300:Nicaragua
4121:Macedonia
4111:Lithuania
4062:Orléanist
3929:Hong Kong
3868:By region
3837:Christian
3832:Religious
3785:Corporate
3752:Third Way
3597:Classical
3337:Democracy
3210:1527-9324
3141:227278348
3117:Quakerism
3025:970042282
3007:Routledge
2988:216938497
2914:(2006) .
2889:Wahhabism
2880:6 January
2818:907621923
2687:720168240
2663:(2011) .
2587:scholars.
2538:368048449
2487:144873810
2208:The term
2136:co-option
2128:wahhabism
2120:salafiyya
2115:salafiyya
2048:democracy
1985:Omid Safi
1823:modernity
1795:empirical
1617:Anarchist
1525:Venezuela
1501:Classical
1469:Cobdenism
1372:Cracovian
1327:Nicaragua
1292:Lithuania
1151:Hong Kong
1106:Australia
944:Roosevelt
914:Ståhlberg
909:Venizelos
864:Sarmiento
854:Gladstone
814:Lamartine
784:Jefferson
636:Martineau
586:De Gouges
571:Condorcet
556:Priestley
219:Democracy
191:Third Way
152:Christian
147:Religious
80:Classical
5879:See also
5439:Norway:
5200:Members:
5049:Humanism
5022:Centrism
4837:Rathenau
4812:Milyukov
4732:Macaulay
4702:Kołłątaj
4673:Kymlicka
4653:Friedman
4598:Cassirer
4588:Hobhouse
4523:Constant
4518:Humboldt
4478:Beccaria
4443:Rousseau
4438:Voltaire
4310:Paraguay
4290:Honduras
4275:Colombia
4231:Whiggist
4221:Muscular
4171:Slovenia
4166:Slovakia
4146:Portugal
4099:Liberism
4022:Bulgaria
3961:Chinilpa
3908:Zimbabwe
3780:Cultural
3695:National
3626:Georgist
3604:Economic
3487:Property
3450:Positive
3445:Negative
3401:Religion
3379:Economic
3352:Equality
3271:25051708
3237:(1991).
3063:35280453
3043:(eds.).
2941:23 April
2936:64685006
2778:55870974
2738:22 March
2724:"Tawhid"
2624:52380025
2582:17840856
2554:(1988).
2240:See also
2083:Salafism
2079:Islamism
2064:progress
2060:equality
2014:Muhammad
1968:In Islam
1911:Anglican
1799:Illinois
1765:Overview
1751:orthodox
1731:religion
1607:Humanism
1580:Centrism
1530:Zimbabwe
1484:Whiggism
1444:Thailand
1409:Slovenia
1404:Slovakia
1379:Portugal
1352:Paraguay
1275:Liberism
1240:Honduras
1158:Colombia
1131:Bulgaria
924:Rathenau
899:Milyukov
819:Macaulay
789:Kołłątaj
761:Kymlicka
741:Friedman
686:Cassirer
676:Hobhouse
611:Constant
606:Humboldt
566:Beccaria
531:Rousseau
526:Voltaire
369:Property
332:Positive
327:Negative
283:Religion
261:Economic
234:Equality
157:Catholic
127:National
122:Muscular
100:Feminist
90:Cultural
49:a series
47:Part of
5699:Present
5609:Present
5485:UCC USA
5422:Spain:
5301:Romania
5281:Germany
5261:Denmark
5184:Present
4877:Jenkins
4872:Kennedy
4862:Pearson
4847:Einaudi
4832:Gokhale
4792:Itagaki
4787:Naoroji
4782:Mommsen
4762:Lincoln
4752:Mazzini
4737:Kossuth
4722:Broglie
4717:Bolívar
4712:Artigas
4707:Madison
4568:Spencer
4553:Emerson
4543:Bastiat
4528:Ricardo
4488:Bentham
4428:Spinoza
4389:Small-l
4377:Oceania
4320:Uruguay
4285:Ecuador
4253:Bolivia
4226:Radical
4196:Ukraine
4151:Romania
4126:Moldova
4084:Hungary
4074:Germany
4069:Georgia
4052:Finland
4047:Estonia
4042:Denmark
4027:Croatia
4017:Belgium
4012:Austria
4007:Armenia
4002:Albania
3903:Tunisia
3893:Senegal
3888:Nigeria
3849:Secular
3842:Islamic
3631:Radical
3589:Schools
3492:Private
3440:Liberty
3374:Freedom
3253:143–180
3148:And on
3099:3510610
2870:abo.net
2479:2989282
2436:mention
2430:6122907
2388:4105689
2222:Quakers
2006:meaning
2001:ijtihad
1946:Judaism
1859:in the
1806:liberal
1747:secular
1745:from a
1735:liberty
1520:Uruguay
1459:Ukraine
1449:Tunisia
1394:Senegal
1384:Romania
1332:Nigeria
1307:Moldova
1250:Iceland
1245:Hungary
1223:Germany
1218:Georgia
1208:Finland
1203:Estonia
1193:Ecuador
1188:Denmark
1183:Czechia
1168:Croatia
1121:Bolivia
1116:Belgium
1111:Austria
1101:Armenia
1096:Albania
964:Jenkins
959:Kennedy
949:Pearson
934:Einaudi
919:Gokhale
879:Itagaki
874:Naoroji
869:Mommsen
849:Lincoln
839:Mazzini
824:Kossuth
809:Broglie
804:Bolívar
799:Artigas
794:Madison
656:Spencer
641:Emerson
631:Bastiat
616:Ricardo
576:Bentham
516:Spinoza
473:History
374:Private
322:Liberty
256:Freedom
176:Secular
164:Islamic
142:Radical
74:Schools
5316:GAUFCC
5271:Europe
5217:Canada
5212:ANZUUA
5163:topics
5159:, and
4897:Macron
4842:Madero
4807:Deakin
4797:Levski
4772:Cavour
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