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one was the question of the citizenship, and Liang thought both of them were important to support the reformation in the Qing dynasty. In Liang's view, Chineseness was a cultural concept rather than an ethnic concept. Liang viewed China as weak not because of ethnic Manchu rule, but because of its cultural customs formed over millennia. From his perspective, an "imperial strategy" to combine all
Chinese ethnicities into one nation was the best path to a strong China.
100:
661:) (February 23, 1873 – January 19, 1929) was a Chinese politician, social and political activist, journalist, and intellectual. His thought had a significant influence on the political reformation of modern China. He inspired Chinese scholars and activists with his writings and reform movements. His translations of Western and Japanese books into Chinese further introduced new theories and ideas and inspired young activists.
44:
1776:
1351:). He believed that newspapers and magazines should serve as an essential and effective tool in communicating political ideas. The magazine New Youth became an important way to show his thought in the New Culture Movement, and his articles spread the ideas to the youth in that period. He believed that newspapers did not only act as a historical record, but was also a means to "shape the course of history."
1394:
738:), was a farmer and local scholar, but had a classical background that emphasized on tradition and education for ethnic rejuvenescence allowed him to be introduced to various literary works at six years old. By the age of nine, Liang started writing thousand-word essays and became a district-school student soon after. Liang had two wives: Li Huixian (
815:. According to one popular narrative of Liang's failure to pass the Jinshi, the examiner was determined to flunk Kang for his heterodox challenge to existing institutions, but since the exams were all anonymous, he could only presume that the exam with the most unorthodox views was Kang's. Instead, Kang disguised himself by writing an examination
969:. In Japan, he continued to actively advocate the democratic cause by using his writings to raise support for the reformers’ cause among overseas Chinese and foreign governments. He continued to emphasize the importance of individualism, and to support the concept of a constitutional monarchy as opposed to the radical
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1477:) was their failure to foster the national awareness necessary for a strong and modern nation. Liang's call for new history not only pointed to a new orientation for historical writing in China, but also indicated the rise of modern historical consciousness among Chinese intellectuals. He advocated the
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brother — teaching him when he does not understand, and reprimanding him when he gets something wrong." Undoubtedly, his attempt to unify and dominate a fast-growing and highly competitive press market has set the tone for the first generation of newspaper historians of the May Fourth
Movement.
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However, Liang thought that the press in China at that time was quite weak, not only due to lack of financial resources and to conventional social prejudices, but also because "the social atmosphere was not free enough to encourage more readers and there was a lack of roads and highways that made it
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In the editorial, Liang compared the circulation of information in a country to the blood and pulse of a body. Liang wrote that China was weak due to blockages of communication between the rulers, ministers, the people, and between China and the outside world. He criticized the Qing dynasty for its
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For the construction of the modernization, Liang focused on two relative questions in politics. The first one was the ways that transformed people became citizen for modernization, and Liang thought
Chinese needed to improve civic ethos to build the nation-state in the Qing dynasty, and the second
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The journal covered many different topics, including politics, religion, law, economics, business, geography and current and international affairs. In the journal, Liang coined many
Chinese equivalents for never-before-heard theories or expressions and used the journal to help communicate public
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Liang, as a historian and a journalist, believed that both careers must have the same purpose and "moral commitment," as he proclaimed, "by examining the past and revealing the future, I will show the path of progress to the people of the nation." Thus, he founded his first newspaper, called the
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As an educator, Liang Qichao thought children were the future of the development of China, and he thought the education was significant for children's growth, and the traditional education approaches needed to be changed, and the educational reformation was important in Modern China. He thought
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Liang was head of the
Translation Bureau and oversaw the training of students who were learning to translate Western works into Chinese. He believed that this task was "the most essential of all essential undertakings to accomplish" because he believed Westerners were successful - politically,
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In 1900–1901, Liang visited
Australia on a six-month tour that aimed at raising support for a campaign to reform the Chinese empire and thus modernize China through adopting the best of Western technology, industry and government systems. He also gave public lectures to both Chinese and Western
1409:. Liang Qichao contributed to the reform in late Qing by writing various articles interpreting non-Chinese ideas of history and government, with the intent of stimulating Chinese citizens' minds to build a new China. In his writings, he argued that China should protect the ancient teachings of
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Liang was well aware that the newspaper could serve as an "educational program", and said, "the newspaper gathers virtually all the thoughts and expressions of the nation and systematically introduces them to the citizenry, it being irrelevant whether they are important or not, concise or not,
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Liang also thought that the press was an "effective weapon in the service of a nationalist uprising". In Liang's words, the newspaper is a “revolution of ink, not a revolution of blood.” He wrote, "so a newspaper regards the government the way a father or elder brother regards a son or younger
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In addition, he used his literary works to further spread his views on republicanism both in China and across the world. Accordingly, he had become an influential journalist in terms of political and cultural aspects by writing new forms of periodical journals. He published his articles in the
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Liang's thought was influenced by the West, and he learned about the new political thought and regimes of the
Western countries, and he learned these from the Japanese translation books, and he learned the Western thought through Meiji Japan to analyze the knowledge of the West.
1609:, translating them and introducing his own interpretation of their works. His essays were published in a number of journals, drawing interest among Chinese intellectuals who had been taken aback by the dismemberment of China's formidable empire at the hands of foreign powers.
1448:. The novella depicts arguments between two characters who support constitutional monarchy and republican revolution respectively. The characters contest their political differences but are also connected through their desire to revive Chinese culture and the nation.
1378:) on February 2, 1900. The essay established the concept of the nation-state and argued that the young revolutionaries were the holders of the future of China. This essay was influential on the Chinese political culture during the May Fourth Movement in the 1920s.
1534:(1894–95), Liang was involved in protests in Beijing pushing for an increased participation in the governance by the Chinese people. It was the first protest of its kind in modern Chinese history. This changing outlook on tradition was shown in the
1634:“Freedom means Freedom for the Group, not Freedom for the Individual. (…) Men must not be slaves to other men, but they must be slaves to their group. For, if they are not slaves to their own group, they will assuredly become slaves to some other.”
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as part of his effort to encourage intellectuals to use fiction for pedagogical and political purposes. Its inaugural editorial includes a saying by Liang which became famous: "to renew a people, we must first renew their fictions." In
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hard to distribute newspapers". Liang felt that the prevalent newspapers of the time were "no more than a mass commodity". He criticized that those newspapers "failed to have the slightest influence upon the nation as a society".
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A year later, Liang and his co-workers saw a change in the newspaper industry and remarked, "Since the inauguration of our journal last year, there have come into being almost ten separate journals with the same style and design."
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Liang Qichao was the "most influential turn-of-the-century scholar-journalist," according to
Levenson. Liang showed that newspapers and magazines could serve as an effective medium for communicating political ideas.
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Liang's pedigree book was once lost with only one page left. The family members recreated the naming method by giving sixteen characters in a sequence, each generation following one. Liang didn't follow it by using
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in the reform movement of 1898. When the movement was defeated, he fled to Japan and promoted a constitutional monarchy and organized political opposition to the dynasty. After the revolution of 1911, he joined the
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of the six
British colonies into the new nation of Australia in 1901. He felt this model of integration might be an excellent model for the diverse regions of China. He was feted by politicians, and met the first
1615:: In the early 20th century, Liang Qichao played a significant role in introducing Western social and political theories into Korea such as Social Darwinism and international law. Liang wrote in his well-known
1102:, to rebel. Progressive party branches agitated for the overthrow of Yuan and more provinces declared their independence. The revolutionary activity that he had frowned upon was utilized successfully. Besides
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As one of the pioneers of
Chinese journalism of his time, Liang believed in the "power" of newspaper, especially its influence over government policies. In 1896, he wrote an editorial for the first issue of
1558:. The article also attacked old historiographical methods, which he lamented focused on dynasty over state; the individual over the group; the past but not the present; and facts, rather than ideals.
1544:) launched by Liang Qichao in the early twentieth century. Frustrated by his failure at political reform, Liang embarked upon cultural reform. In 1902, while in exile in Japan, Liang wrote "The
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943:, and called for many institutional and ideological changes such as getting rid of corruption and remodeling the state examination system. Liang thus was a major influence in the debates on
1420:, using his writings as a medium to combine Western scientific methods with traditional Chinese historical studies. Liang's works were strongly influenced by the Japanese political scholar
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children needed to cultivate creative thinking and improve the ability of understanding, and the new school became important to instruct children in the new approaches in the education.
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2374:
Liang Sishun, Liang Sicheng, and Liang Sizhuang were borne by Li Huixian. Liang Siyong, Liang Sizhong, Liang Sida, Liang Siyi, Liang Sining, and Liang Sili were borne by Wang Guiquan.
1725:. Academically he was a renowned scholar of his time, introducing Western learning and ideology, and making extensive studies of ancient Chinese culture. He was impacted by a
1535:
766:). They gave birth to nine children, all of whom became successful individuals through Liang's strict and effective education. Three of them were scientific personnel at the
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degree provincial examination at the age of 11. In 1884, he undertook the arduous task of studying for the traditional governmental exams. At the age of 16, he passed the
1010:". This organization later became the Constitutionalist Party which advocated constitutional monarchy. While Sun promoted revolution, Liang preached incremental reform.
1685:, in order to present his idea that he was worrying about all the political matters, so he would still try his best to reform the society by the effort of writings.
1755:
and wrote historical and political articles on its influence in China. Liang influenced many of his students in producing their own literary works. They included
1079:. He was very critical of Sun Yatsen's attempts to undermine President Yuan Shikai. Though usually supportive of the government, he opposed the expulsion of the
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During this last decade of his life, published studies of Chinese cultural history, Chinese literary history and historiography. Liang reexamined the works of
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Liang's exile to Japan allowed him to speak freely and exercise his intellectual autonomy. During his career in journalism, he edited two premier newspapers,
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Lee, Soonyi. "In Revolt against Positivism, the Discovery of Culture: The Liang Qichao Group's Cultural Conservatism in China after the First World War."
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1310:. The journal was published without hindrance for five years but eventually ceased in 1907 after 96 issues. Its readership was estimated to be 200,000.
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Liang realised the importance of journalism's social role and supported the idea of a strong relationship between politics and journalism before the
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2636:. Fogel, Joshua A., 1950-. Berkeley, Calif.: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California Berkeley, Center for Chinese Studies. 2004.
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Matten, Marc Andre (March 2011). "The Worship of General Yue Fei and His Problematic Creation as a National Hero in Twentieth Century China".
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Liang both praised Western freedom of the press and criticized Western media narratives of China for legitimizing colonization and conquest.
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958:. Cixi strongly opposed reforms at that time and along with her supporters, condemned the "Hundred Days' Reform" as being too radical.
921:, Liang was unhappy with the governance of the Qing Government and wanted to change the status quo in China. He organized reforms with
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For example, Liang wrote a well known essay during his most radical period titled "The Young China" and published it in his newspaper
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In 1895, Liang went to the capital Beijing again with Kang for the national examination. During the examination, he was active in the
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Li, Yi. "Echoes of tradition: Liang Qichao's reflections on the Italian Risorgimento and the construction of Chinese nationalism."
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With the overthrow of the Qing dynasty, constitutional monarchy became an increasingly irrelevant topic. Liang merged his renamed
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1665:. It states that "Every morning, I receive the mandate , every evening I drink the ice , but I remain ardent in my inner mind" (
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ideology in Japanese society. Liang drew from much of his work and subsequently influenced Korean nationalists in the 1900s.
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In 1903, Liang embarked on an eight-month lecture tour throughout the United States, which included a meeting with President
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espousing traditionalist ideas and passed the exam while Liang's paper was assumed to be Kang's and picked out to be failed.
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In 1898, the Conservative Coup ended all reforms, and Liang fled to Japan, where he stayed for the next 14 years. While in
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to expand the thought of science and democracy in the 1910s. Furthermore, journalism paved the way for him to express his
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and launched a movement to oppose his ambition to be emperor. After Yuan's death, he served as the finance chief of the
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673:, serving as the chief justice and the first president of the currency system bureau. He became dissatisfied with
1671:). As a result, Liang called his workplace as "The Ice-drinker's studio" (Yinbingshi), and addressed himself as
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Vittinghoff, Natascha. "Unity vs. uniformity: Liang Qichao and the invention of a 'new journalism' for China."
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While living in Japan in 1905, Liang supported the Constitutionalist movement within the Qing administration.
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China encounters Western ideas (1895 - 1905): a rhetorical analysis of Yan Fu, Tan Sitong and Liang Qichao
1581:: After escaping Beijing and the government crackdown on anti-Qing protesters, Liang studied the works of
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In the early 1920s, Liang retired from politics and taught at the Tung-nan University in Shanghai and
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radical or not. The press, therefore, can contain, reject, produce, as well as destroy, everything."
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860:. After failing to pass the examination for a second time, he stayed in Beijing to help Kang publish
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1114:. He felt it would boost China's status and also ameliorate foreign debts. He condemned his mentor,
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From left to right: Liang Sining, Liang Sirui, Liang Sili and Liang Sida, were at Tianjin in 1934.
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Zarrow, Peter. "Old Myth into New History: The Building Blocks of Liang Qichao's 'New History'."
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Liang favored nationalism that incorporated different ethnic groups of the Qing empire to oppose
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Global space and the Nationalist Discourse of Modernity" the Historical Thinking of Liang Qichao
1413:, but also learn from the successes of Western political life and not just Western technology.
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Shiqiao, Li. "Writing a Modern Chinese Architectural History: Liang Sicheng and Liang Qichao."
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This proposal soon ignited a frenzy of disagreement, and Liang became a wanted man by order of
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Collected Works of Yinbingshi, Zhonghua Book Co, Shanghai 1936, republished in Beijing, 2003,
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1717:(Chinese Lecture Association) and brought important intellectual figures to China, including
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Memorial hall for Liang Qichao at his former residence in north China's Tianjin City (Photo)
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opinion in China to faraway readers. Through news analyses and essays, Liang hoped that the
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and reveals some important directions of Chinese historiography in the twentieth century.
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once called Liang "the greatest personality in the history of Chinese journalism," while
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954:, the leader of the political conservative faction who later took over the government as
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Yu, Dan Smyer. "Ensouling the Nation through Fiction: Liang Qichao's Applied Buddhism."
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The role of Japan in Liang Qichao's introduction of modern western civilization to China
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2870:"Children and the Survival of China: Liang Qichao on Education Before the 1898 Reform"
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In 1915, he opposed Yuan's attempt to make himself emperor. He convinced his disciple
853:. Kang's teachings about foreign affairs fueled Liang's interest in reforming China.
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second level provincial exams and was the youngest successful candidate at that time.
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1701:, 1902). These novels emphasized modernization in the West and the call for reform.
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875:, where Liang served as secretary. For time, he was also enlisted by the governor of
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Wang, Ban. "Geopolitics, Moral Reform, and Poetic Internationalism: Liang Qichao's
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2034:) (20 April 1901 - 9 January 1972), became a famous architect and teacher, married
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control on information, which to Liang implied a failure of political rationality.
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2993:(1999). Beijing: Beijing chubanshe. (dates of letter before mid 1912 messed up).
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Kindai Chūgoku no rikken kōsō – Gen Puku, Yō Do, Ryō Keichō to Meiji keimō shisō
2797:
Rising China and Its Postmodern Fate: Memories of Empire in a New Global Context
983:). During his time in Japan, Liang also served as a benefactor and colleague to
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After the failure of constitutional reform, Liang founded the literary journal
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was proposed as a replacement for the Qing dynasty as Emperor by Liang Qichao.
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to researched approaches to combine the western thought and Chinese learning.
1181:, described Liang as "a brilliant scholar, journalist, and political figure."
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Ch 3, "Liang Ch'i-ch'ao and the Chinese Democracy Movement," Andrew Nathan,
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he befriended the influential politician and future Japanese Prime Minister
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Chen, Qineng (2005). "The "New History" in China: A Contrast to the West".
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1977:) (14 April 1893 – 1966), became an accomplished poet, married Zhou Xizhe (
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Liang also wrote fiction and scholarly essays on fiction, which included
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1654:) is his representative works in literature compiled into 148 volumes.
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929:(reigned 1875–1908) of the Qing dynasty. This movement is known as the
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Revolutionary Becomings: Documentary Media in Twentieth-Century China
2610:(revised ed.). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2014. p. 74.
1948:
1929:), married Liang Qichao in 1891, died of illness on 13 September 1924
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On the Relationship Between Fiction and the Government of the People
1491:), and he also wrote biographies of European state-builders such as
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The Collected Works of Yinbingshi vol 1-12, written by Liang Qichao
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would be able to start a "new stage in Chinese newspaper history."
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Liang advocated reform in both the genres of poem and novel. The
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Liang spread his notions about democracy as chief editor of the
987:, one of Vietnam's most important anticolonial revolutionaries.
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and never earned a higher degree. He took the exams along with
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Liang's former residence in Xinhui, Guangdong province (Photo)
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Using newspapers and magazines to communicate political ideas:
939:. Their proposal asserted that China was in need of more than
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Poetry, History, Memory: Wang Jingwei and China in Dark Times
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audiences around the country. This visit coincided with the
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and supported cultural change but not political revolution.
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2930:(1972). Seattle and London: University of Washington Press.
2423:"Liang Qichao and the Meaning of Citizenship: Then and Now"
1737:
1153:'s nationalism, as well as the nationalist rhetoric of the
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Book Review: Liang Ch’i-ch’ao and the Mind of Modern China
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From the Ruins of Empire:The Intellectuals Who Remade Asia
2335:) (24 August 1924 – 14 April 2016), married Mai Xiuqiong (
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into responsible statesmen, he gave up and left politics.
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by putting their ideas on paper and sending them to the
2848:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 509–510.
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Modernization of Chinese Culture: Continuity and Change
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China's Revolution and the Quest for a Socialist Future
1798:
Chinese Academic History of the Recent 300 Years (1924)
1226:). He also published his moral and political ideals in
1137:. Despite the failures of his reforms, Liang's idea of
16:
Chinese politician, activist and journalist (1873–1929)
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Fleeing to Japan after failure of Hundred Days' Reform
3057:(2012). "Liang Qichao's China and the Fate of Asia".
2944:. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1970.
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Liang Ch'i-Ch'ao and Intellectual Transition in China
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Liang produced a widely read biweekly journal called
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on February 23, 1873. Liang's father, Liang Baoying (
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2170:) (20 January 1964-), male-line great-grandson late-
2234:) (13 December 1914 – 1988), married Zhang Weixun (
2111:) (24 July 1904 - 2 April 1954), married Li Fuman (
774:, the prominent historian of Chinese architecture.
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883:to edit reform-friendly publications, such as the
3004:. In Cheng, Chung-ying; Bunnin, Nicholas (eds.).
2190:) (16 December 1912 – 2001), married Yu Xuezhen (
1006:, Liang was back in Canada, where he formed the "
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2999:"Liang Qichao's Political and Social Philosophy"
990:In 1899, Liang went to Canada, where he met Dr.
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2051:) (4 August 1932 - 28 October 2010), prominent
1530:During this period of Japan's challenge in the
2928:Liang Ch’i-ch’ao and Modern Chinese Liberalism
2269:) (30 October 1916 – 2006), married Zhang Ke (
1713:Research Institute in Peking. He founded the
1331:On the Benefits of the Press to State Affairs.
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3404:Ministers of finance of the Republic of China
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3211:Minister of Finance of the Republic of China
3179:Minister of Justice of the Republic of China
2986:. Ann Arbor: UMI dissertation services, 1992.
2956:Liang Qichao yu jindai zhongguo shehui wenhua
2942:Liang Ch'i-Ch'ao and the Mind of Modern China
2692:One and All: The Logic of Chinese Sovereignty
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3454:Republic of China politicians from Guangdong
2965:. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996.
2553:Australia visit shaped ideas of Mao favorite
2146:) (1908 - 20 May 1986), married Wu Luqiang (
1742:The Political Thought of the Pre-Qing Period
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702:Liang Qichao was born in a small village in
2799:. University of Georgia Press. p. 102.
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3409:Justice ministers of the Republic of China
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2951:(2005). Tokio: Hōsei daigaku shuppankyoku.
98:
3333:Six gentlemen of the Hundred Days' Reform
2923:. London: Oxford University Press, 1971.
2790:
2788:
1199:), named after a student movement of the
1027:. He returned to Japan later that year.
3016:New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
3014:The Rise of Modern China: Sixth Edition.
2958:(2005). Tianjin: Tianjin guji chubanshe.
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2672:
2527:Campbell, Allen; Nobel, David S (1993).
1961:
1957:
1774:
1565:
1392:
1313:
3061:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
2846:The Rise of Modern China: Sixth Edition
2689:
2488:
664:In his youth, Liang joined his teacher
241:September 1913 – February 1914
53:needs attention from an expert in China
3356:
3125:CCTV article on the Chinese Revolution
3102:Review of Religion and Chinese Society
3095:Frontiers of Literary Studies in China
3086:23.1 (2002): 91-143, sharply critical.
2794:
2785:
2756:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2038:(10 June 1904 - 1 April 1955) in 1928
1763:, an accomplished poet and founder of
1747:Intellectual Trends in the Qing Period
1263:
623:
571:
63:may be able to help recruit an expert.
3459:Academic staff of Tsinghua University
3439:Progressive Party (China) politicians
3278:
2712:
1740:, and authored, amongst other works,
1613:Western Social and Political Theories
333:Peking Union Medical College Hospital
3008:. Malden: Blackwell. pp. 17–36.
2996:
2989:Yang Gang and Wang Xiangyi (ed.):
2979:Beijing: Tuan jie chu ban she, 2004.
2972:Beijing: Tuan jie chu ban she, 1998.
2809:
2727:
2575:
2520:
2471:
2453:from the original on October 8, 2023
1784:Introduction to the Learning of the
1639:
1401:Liang Qichao was both a traditional
1362:Newspaper as an educational program:
1122:in July 1917. After failing to turn
37:
2933:Kovach, Bill and Rosenstiel, Tom.
2867:
2843:
2831:
2562:
2477:
2420:
1515:; as well as Chinese men including
912:
13:
3077:Journal of Architectural Education
3020:
2529:Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia
1575:technologically and economically.
1388:
1165:
1120:failed attempt to restore the Qing
866:Society for National Strengthening
188:July 1917 – November 1917
128:December 1925 – June 1927
14:
3480:
3429:Qing dynasty government officials
3118:
3044:Liang Chi-chao (Liang Qichao) 梁啓超
3038:Journal of Modern Chinese History
1801:History of Chinese Culture (1927)
1751:He also had a strong interest in
1008:Chinese Empire Reform Association
864:. He also helped to organize the
681:cabinet and as supervisor of the
3449:20th-century Chinese journalists
3048:Biographies of Prominent Chinese
2937:. New York: Random House, 2001.
2582:The University of Michigan Press
1813:The History of Buddhism in China
1683:Host of the Ice-drinker's studio
1355:Press as a weapon in revolution:
1038:, before returning to Japan via
862:Domestic and Foreign Information
828:by the reform Confucian scholar
803:degree national examinations in
42:
3444:20th-century Chinese historians
3006:Contemporary Chinese Philosophy
2837:
2803:
2750:
2061:), married secondly Fang Jing (
1971:Eldest daughter: Liang Sishun (
1947:before becoming Liang Qichao's
1770:
1329:(Contemporary affairs) titled,
811:, a famous Chinese scholar and
622:
608:
594:
394:
374:
3394:Chinese political philosophers
2624:
2598:
2545:
2507:
2421:Lee, Theresa Man Ling (2007).
2355:
2346:
2337:
2331:
2271:
2265:
2254:
2245:
2236:
2230:
2219:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2186:
2166:
2157:
2142:
2140:2nd daughter: Liang Sizhuang (
2133:
2122:
2113:
2107:
2092:
2081:
2072:
2057:
2055:, married firstly Zhou Rumei (
2047:
2030:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1973:
1939:
1925:
1911:
1897:
1887:
1873:
1839:
1677:
1667:
1650:
1625:
1513:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
1467:For Liang, the major flaw of "
1444:, Liang published his novella
1279:
1244:
1232:
1222:
1212:
1195:
754:
726:
712:
570:
556:
542:
512:
498:
88:
1:
3182:September 1913–February 1914
2759:Frontiers of History in China
2404:
1867:) (1817 - 1873), daughter of
1804:The Construction of New China
1659:Collected Works of Yinbingshi
1561:
1058:
973:supported by the Tokyo-based
797:In 1890, Liang failed in his
777:
3384:Chinese expatriates in Japan
3112:Historiography East and West
2493:. New York, NY: 1804 Books.
2427:History of Political Thought
2263:4th daughter: Liang Sining (
1759:, renowned modern poet, and
1727:social-Darwinian perspective
1536:historiographical revolution
692:
7:
3469:Dramatists of Chinese opera
3419:Philosophers from Guangdong
3414:People from Xinhui District
3152:Kang Youwei-Liang's teacher
3140:September 16, 2005, at the
2392:
2243:1st daughter: Zhang Yuwen (
1828:
1704:
1161:Contributions to journalism
1141:based on the civic idea of
1098:, the military governor of
1040:Vancouver, British Columbia
1021:Prime Minister of Australia
768:Chinese Academy of Sciences
55:. The specific problem is:
10:
3485:
3250:Imperial Library of Peking
3053:
2935:The Elements of Journalism
2812:Storia della Storiografia
2228:3rd daughter: Liang Siyi (
1943:), initially Li Huixian's
1416:Liang shaped the ideas of
1317:
1143:Five Races Under One Union
116:Imperial Library of Peking
20:
3434:Politicians from Jiangmen
3399:Historians from Guangdong
3313:
3256:
3246:
3231:
3226:
3216:
3209:
3201:
3184:
3177:
3169:
3164:
2771:10.1007/s11462-011-0121-4
2734:Columbia University Press
2696:Stanford University Press
2557:The Sydney Morning Herald
2531:. Kodansha. p. 888.
2399:Gongche Shangshu movement
2385:
2377:
2364:
2316:
2307:
2298:
2289:
2280:
2148:
2090:Daughter: Liang Zaibing (
2063:
1863:
1849:
1697:
1550:
1540:
1483:
1473:
1452:Historiographical thought
1374:
905:
892:
858:Gongche Shangshu movement
740:
724:; courtesy name Lianjian
697:
636:
615:
601:
587:
580:
563:
549:
535:
528:
523:
519:
505:
491:
487:
482:
474:
436:
420:
405:
356:
346:
322:
295:
290:
286:
267:
255:
245:
234:
226:
214:
202:
192:
181:
170:
151:
132:
121:
113:
109:
97:
82:
3424:Qing dynasty journalists
3254:December 1925–June 1927
3214:July 1917–November 1917
2795:Horner, Charles (2009).
2199:Daughter: Liang Yibing (
2137:) (6 August 1907 – 1932)
2131:3rd son: Liang Sizhong (
2120:Daughter: Liang Baiyou (
2085:), daughter of Fang Jing
1767:as a modern discipline.
493:Traditional Chinese
230:of the Republic of China
57:poor coverage; sourcing.
3091:The Future of New China
3028:Twentieth-Century China
2217:2nd son: Liang Renkan (
2208:1st son: Liang Renyou (
1532:First Sino-Japanese War
1446:The Future of New China
1118:, for assisting in the
979:(the forerunner of the
919:constitutional monarchy
836:, who was teaching at
507:Simplified Chinese
3030:44.3 (2019): 288–304.
2886:10.1353/late.2001.0005
2844:Hsu, Immanuel (2000).
2690:Laikwan, Pang (2024).
2664:: CS1 maint: others (
2252:2nd son: Zhang Anwen (
2053:environmental activist
1967:
1780:
1571:
1462:Chinese historiography
1424:, who used methods of
1398:
1320:Media history of China
1283:), first published in
994:among others, then to
3464:Writers from Jiangmen
3379:Chinese Confucianists
2489:Hammond, Ken (2023).
2184:4th son: Liang Sida (
2155:Daughter: Wu Liming (
2079:Daughter: Liang Fan (
1965:
1958:Issue and descendants
1858:Paternal grandmother
1834:Paternal grandfather
1778:
1692:(1898) and the essay
1569:
1396:
1347:, (also known as the
1314:Role of the newspaper
1291:on February 8, 1902.
822:Inspired by the book
645:(Chinese: 梁啓超 ;
3389:Chinese nationalists
3338:Empress Dowager Cixi
3307:Hundred Days' Reform
3114:1.2 (2003): 204–241.
2576:Yang, Zhiyi (2023).
2076:), son of Zhou Rumei
1871:admiral Li Diguang (
1583:Western philosophers
1349:New Culture Movement
1135:Western imperialists
952:Empress Dowager Cixi
937:Hundred Days' Reform
752:) and Wang Guiquan (
687:New Culture Movement
431:Imperial Examination
3084:Late Imperial China
3079:56.1 (2002): 35–45.
2997:Xiao, Yang (2002).
2991:Liang Qichao quanji
2977:Liang Qichao zhuan.
2970:Liang Qichao zhuan.
2940:Levenson, Joseph.
2874:Late Imperial China
2868:Bai, Limin (2001).
2728:Qian, Ying (2024).
2389:’ to his children.
2164:Son: Yang Nianqun (
1765:Chinese linguistics
1723:Rabindranath Tagore
1711:Tsinghua University
1579:Philosophical Works
1570:Liang's calligraphy
1489:Yīngxióng yǔ Shíshì
1345:May Fourth Movement
1308:New Citizen Journal
1265:New Citizen Journal
1139:Chinese nationalism
685:. He advocated the
683:Salt Administration
228:Minister of Justice
172:Minister of Finance
3374:Burials in Beijing
3165:Political offices
3147:Democracy in China
3104:2.1 (2015): 5-20.
3040:8.1 (2014): 25–42.
1968:
1807:The Philosophy of
1781:
1661:from a passage of
1572:
1546:New Historiography
1418:democracy in China
1399:
1048:The descendant of
1032:Theodore Roosevelt
945:democracy in China
941:self-strengthening
917:As an advocate of
817:eight-legged essay
708:Guangdong Province
671:Beiyang government
3351:
3350:
3273:
3272:
3257:Succeeded by
3227:Academic offices
3217:Succeeded by
3185:Succeeded by
3097:6.1 (2012): 2-18.
2954:Li Xisuo (ed.):
2855:978-0-19-512504-7
2591:978-0-472-05650-7
2559:, 9 December 2000
2515:Chinese Democracy
2070:Son: Liang Jian (
1891:) (1849 - 1916),
1843:) (1815 - 1892),
1673:Yinbingshi Zhuren
1640:Poet and novelist
1493:Otto von Bismarck
1458:historiographical
1403:Confucian scholar
1077:Progressive Party
782:Liang passed the
764:Wòhng Gwai-chyùhn
640:
639:
632:
631:
589:Yale Romanization
530:Standard Mandarin
478:
477:
351:Progressive Party
341:Republic of China
306:February 23, 1873
176:Republic of China
78:
77:
61:WikiProject China
3476:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3276:
3275:
3268:
3248:Director of the
3243:
3232:Preceded by
3202:Preceded by
3196:
3170:Preceded by
3162:
3161:
3072:
3009:
3003:
2961:Tang, Xiaobing.
2913:
2860:
2859:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2820:
2819:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2792:
2783:
2782:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2732:. New York, NY:
2725:
2710:
2709:
2694:. Stanford, CA:
2687:
2670:
2669:
2663:
2655:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2573:
2560:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2524:
2518:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2486:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2418:
2388:
2387:
2367:
2366:
2358:
2357:
2349:
2348:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2319:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2301:
2300:
2292:
2291:
2283:
2282:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2256:
2248:
2247:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2222:
2221:
2213:
2212:
2204:
2203:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2159:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2124:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2095:
2094:
2084:
2083:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2033:
2032:
2018:
2017:
2009:
2008:
2000:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1942:
1941:
1928:
1927:
1914:
1913:
1900:
1899:
1890:
1889:
1876:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1852:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1791:The Learning of
1700:
1699:
1680:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1653:
1652:
1628:
1627:
1553:
1552:
1543:
1542:
1509:Giuseppe Mazzini
1486:
1485:
1479:Great Man theory
1476:
1475:
1426:social Darwinism
1377:
1376:
1282:
1281:
1247:
1246:
1235:
1234:
1225:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1208:Zhongwai Gongbao
1198:
1197:
1075:to form the new
1069:Democratic Party
913:Reform movements
908:
907:
895:
894:
874:
847:
757:
756:
743:
742:
729:
728:
715:
714:
651:Liang Chʻi-chʻao
628:
627:
626:
611:
610:
597:
596:
576:
575:
574:
559:
558:
557:Liang Ch'i-ch'ao
545:
544:
521:
520:
515:
514:
501:
500:
480:
479:
467:social activists
398:
396:
378:
376:
329:
326:January 19, 1929
305:
303:
291:Personal details
282:
270:
258:
239:
217:
205:
186:
166:
154:
147:
135:
126:
114:Director of the
102:
92:
91:
90:
80:
79:
73:
70:
64:
46:
45:
38:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3318:Guangxu Emperor
3309:
3303:
3269:
3262:
3253:
3244:
3237:
3222:
3213:
3207:
3197:
3190:
3188:Zhang Zongxiang
3181:
3175:
3142:Wayback Machine
3121:
3069:
3023:
3021:Further reading
3012:Hsu, Immanuel.
3001:
2982:Xiao, Xiaoxui.
2926:Huang, Philip:
2864:
2863:
2856:
2842:
2838:
2830:
2823:
2808:
2804:
2793:
2786:
2755:
2751:
2744:
2726:
2713:
2706:
2688:
2673:
2657:
2656:
2644:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2574:
2563:
2551:John Schauble,
2550:
2546:
2539:
2525:
2521:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2487:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2419:
2412:
2407:
2395:
2380:
1960:
1915:) (1852 - 1887)
1885:Liang Baoying (
1837:Liang Weiqing (
1831:
1773:
1707:
1642:
1589:period, namely
1564:
1556:Chinese history
1501:Oliver Cromwell
1456:Liang Qichao's
1454:
1428:to promote the
1391:
1389:Literary career
1322:
1316:
1268:
1175:Joseph Levenson
1168:
1166:As a journalist
1163:
1061:
1004:Boxer Rebellion
967:Inukai Tsuyoshi
927:Guangxu Emperor
915:
868:
841:
780:
722:Lèuhng Bóu-yīng
700:
695:
659:Lèuhng Kái-chīu
595:Lèuhng Kái-chīu
470:
461:revolutionaries
401:
400:
397: 1903)
392:
388:
380:
377: 1891)
372:
368:
347:Political party
335:, Beiping (now
331:
327:
307:
301:
299:
276:
274:Zhang Zongxiang
268:
256:
240:
235:
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5:
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3119:External links
3117:
3116:
3115:
3108:
3098:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3068:978-0374249595
3067:
3051:
3041:
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3019:
3018:
3017:
3010:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2968:Wang, Xunmin.
2966:
2959:
2952:
2947:Li Xiaodong :
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2914:
2880:(2): 124–155.
2862:
2861:
2854:
2836:
2821:
2802:
2784:
2749:
2742:
2711:
2704:
2671:
2642:
2623:
2617:978-1443867726
2616:
2597:
2590:
2561:
2544:
2537:
2519:
2517:(1985): 45-66.
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2433:(2): 305–327.
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2351:
2344:Liang Zuojun (
2323:
2322:
2321:
2314:Zhang Anning (
2312:
2303:
2296:Zhang Anjian (
2294:
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2021:
2020:
2013:Zhou Jiaping (
2011:
2002:
1995:Zhou Tongshi (
1993:
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1955:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1937:Wang Guiquan (
1932:
1931:
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1668:吾朝受命而夕飲冰，我其內熱與
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1563:
1560:
1497:Horatio Nelson
1469:old historians
1453:
1450:
1390:
1387:
1315:
1312:
1276:Xinmin Congbao
1267:
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1167:
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1036:Washington, DC
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582:Yue: Cantonese
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383:
370:
366:
365:
364:
363:
360:
358:
354:
353:
348:
344:
343:
330:(aged 55)
324:
320:
319:
297:
293:
292:
288:
287:
284:
283:
271:
265:
264:
259:
253:
252:
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224:
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3277:
3266:
3261:
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3251:
3241:
3236:
3235:Chen Renzhong
3230:
3225:
3221:
3212:
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3200:
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3189:
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3099:
3096:
3092:
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3064:
3060:
3056:
3055:Pankaj Mishra
3052:
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3042:
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3025:
3024:
3015:
3011:
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3000:
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2992:
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2985:
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2978:
2975:Wu, Qichang.
2974:
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2967:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2936:
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2929:
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2922:
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2390:
2375:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2342:
2328:
2324:
2313:
2304:
2295:
2287:Zhang Anqiu (
2286:
2278:Zhang Antai (
2277:
2276:
2262:
2251:
2242:
2241:
2227:
2216:
2207:
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2197:
2183:
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2162:
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2130:
2119:
2118:
2104:
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2089:
2078:
2069:
2068:
2054:
2044:
2043:Liang Congjie
2040:
2039:
2037:
2027:
2026:Liang Sicheng
2023:
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2004:Zhou Youfei (
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1986:Zhou Nianci (
1985:
1984:
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1969:
1964:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1894:
1893:courtesy name
1884:
1883:
1881:
1870:
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1859:
1857:
1846:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1823:
1822:7-101-00475-X
1819:
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1812:
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1806:
1803:
1800:
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1794:
1790:
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1777:
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1608:
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1587:Enlightenment
1584:
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1576:
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1422:Katō Hiroyuki
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1051:
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1002:. During the
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982:
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971:republicanism
968:
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953:
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938:
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924:
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898:Hunan Journal
890:
886:
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839:Wanmu Caotang
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820:
818:
814:
810:
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802:
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793:
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786:
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772:Liang Sicheng
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750:Léih Waih-sīn
747:
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709:
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656:
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609:Loeng Kai-ciu
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451:
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445:
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435:
432:
428:
427:
423:
419:
416:
412:
411:Liang Sicheng
409:9, including
408:
404:
382:
381:
362:
361:
359:
355:
352:
349:
345:
342:
338:
334:
325:
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314:
310:
298:
294:
289:
285:
280:
275:
272:
266:
263:
260:
254:
251:
248:
244:
238:
233:
229:
225:
222:
219:
213:
210:
207:
201:
198:
195:
191:
185:
180:
177:
173:
169:
164:
159:
156:
150:
145:
140:
139:Chen Renzhong
137:
131:
125:
120:
117:
112:
108:
104:Liang in 1910
101:
96:
81:
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58:
54:
51:This article
49:
40:
39:
34:
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3328:Liang Qichao
3327:
3247:
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3178:
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3076:
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2934:
2927:
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2877:
2873:
2845:
2839:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2796:
2765:(1): 74–94.
2762:
2758:
2752:
2729:
2691:
2632:
2626:
2606:
2600:
2577:
2552:
2547:
2528:
2522:
2514:
2509:
2490:
2467:
2455:. Retrieved
2430:
2426:
2381:
2373:
2362:Liang Xuan (
2353:Liang Hong (
2103:Liang Siyong
2024:Eldest son:
1934:Second wife
1923:Li Huixian (
1786:Qing Dynasty
1771:Publications
1745:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1715:Jiangxue she
1714:
1708:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1672:
1658:
1656:
1645:
1643:
1633:
1620:
1612:
1611:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1529:
1488:
1466:
1455:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1415:
1411:Confucianism
1400:
1397:Liang Qichao
1381:
1380:
1369:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1250:
1237:
1227:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1177:, author of
1169:
1132:
1093:
1089:
1081:Nationalists
1066:
1062:
1047:
1044:
1029:
1012:
989:
974:
960:
949:
930:
916:
902:Xiang xuebao
901:
888:
881:Chen Baozhen
861:
855:
837:
823:
821:
798:
796:
789:
783:
781:
770:, including
763:
749:
735:
721:
701:
663:
658:
650:
643:Liang Qichao
642:
641:
543:Liáng Qǐchāo
537:Hanyu Pinyin
483:Liang Qichao
424:
415:Liang Siyong
387:Wang Guiquan
328:(1929-01-19)
269:Succeeded by
250:Xiong Xiling
236:
216:Succeeded by
183:
153:Succeeded by
123:
84:Liang Qichao
69:October 2022
66:
56:
52:
30:
23:Chinese name
18:
3369:1929 deaths
3364:1873 births
3343:Yuan Shikai
3323:Kang Youwei
3263: [
3238: [
3191: [
2472:Xiao (2002)
2457:December 4,
2305:Zhang Hui (
1920:First wife
1909:Lady Zhao (
1442:New Fiction
1437:New Fiction
1382:Weak press:
1370:Qing Yi Bao
1297:New Citizen
1272:New Citizen
1239:New Citizen
1228:Qing Yi Bao
1201:Han dynasty
1191:Qing Yi Bao
1147:Sun Yat-sen
1116:Kang Youwei
1112:Allied side
1108:World War I
1073:Republicans
992:Sun Yat-Sen
976:Tongmenghui
932:Wuxu Reform
923:Kang Youwei
885:Hunan Daily
869: [
842: [
834:Kang Youwei
809:Kang Youwei
675:Yuan Shikai
666:Kang Youwei
464:new jurists
449:philosopher
277: [
257:Preceded by
204:Preceded by
161: [
142: [
134:Preceded by
27:family name
3358:Categories
3305:People in
3260:Guo Zongxi
3220:Wang Kemin
3173:Xu Shiying
2917:Chang, Hao
2832:Bai (2001)
2818:: 112–118.
2538:406205938X
2405:References
2327:Liang Sili
2174:personage
2172:Ch'ing era
2152:) in 1933
2036:Lin Huiyin
1983:) in 1925
1945:handmaiden
1895:Lianjian (
1847:Jingquan (
1698:(論小說與群治之關係
1621:New People
1562:Translator
1525:Wang Anshi
1521:Tan Sitong
1318:See also:
1258:patriotism
1171:Lin Yutang
1151:Kuomintang
1124:Duan Qirui
1104:Duan Qirui
1085:parliament
1059:Politician
1042:, Canada.
1016:Federation
981:Kuomintang
896:) and the
778:Early life
679:Duan Qirui
647:Wade-Giles
551:Wade–Giles
452:politician
446:journalist
437:Occupation
367:Li Huixian
317:Qing China
302:1873-02-23
262:Xu Shiying
221:Wang Kemin
197:Duan Qirui
158:Guo Zongxi
3205:Li Jingxi
2894:1086-3257
2779:162308125
2660:cite book
2439:0143-781X
2325:5th son:
2101:2nd son:
1949:concubine
1861:Lady Li (
1845:pseudonym
1617:manifesto
1407:reformist
1327:Shiwu bao
1254:New Youth
1252:magazine
1218:Shiwu Bao
1145:inspired
1071:with the
1050:Confucius
851:Guangzhou
813:reformist
760:Cantonese
746:Cantonese
736:Lìhn-gaan
732:Cantonese
718:Cantonese
693:Biography
455:educators
443:Historian
421:Education
313:Guangdong
237:In office
209:Li Jingxi
184:In office
124:In office
3138:Archived
2910:31206872
2902:18546607
2652:53887624
2451:Archived
2447:26222453
2393:See also
2149:-hant吳魯強
1757:Xu Zhimo
1753:Buddhism
1705:Educator
1663:Zhuangzi
1595:Rousseau
1517:Zheng He
1285:Yokohama
1149:and the
996:Honolulu
889:Xiangbao
830:Wei Yuan
603:Jyutping
406:Children
21:In this
2176:Yang Du
1951:in 1903
1906:Mother
1882:Father
1869:Guangxi
1809:Lao Tzu
1761:Wang Li
1719:Driesch
1607:Bentham
1585:of the
1430:statist
1110:on the
935:or the
805:Beijing
458:writers
399:
391:
379:
371:
357:Spouses
337:Beijing
246:Premier
193:Premier
174:of the
3106:online
3065:
3050:.1925.
3032:online
2908:
2900:
2892:
2852:
2777:
2740:
2702:
2650:
2640:
2614:
2588:
2535:
2497:
2445:
2437:
2378:Legacy
1829:Family
1824:/K.210
1820:
1795:(1921)
1793:Mohism
1788:(1920)
1744:, and
1591:Hobbes
1523:, and
1511:, and
1405:and a
1236:) and
1216:) and
1100:Yunnan
1000:Hawaii
956:regent
800:Jinshi
785:Xiucai
704:Xinhui
698:Family
426:Jinshi
309:Xinhui
25:, the
3267:]
3242:]
3195:]
3046:from
3002:(PDF)
2906:S2CID
2775:S2CID
2443:JSTOR
2041:Son:
1678:飲冰室主人
1651:飲冰室合集
1599:Locke
1484:英雄與時勢
1289:Japan
1096:Cai E
1083:from
963:Tokyo
877:Hunan
873:]
846:]
791:Juren
393:(
389:
373:(
369:
281:]
165:]
146:]
32:Liang
3063:ISBN
2898:PMID
2890:ISSN
2850:ISBN
2738:ISBN
2700:ISBN
2666:link
2648:OCLC
2638:ISBN
2612:ISBN
2586:ISBN
2533:ISBN
2495:ISBN
2459:2020
2435:ISSN
1818:ISBN
1738:Mozi
1721:and
1605:and
1603:Hume
1541:史學革命
1280:新民叢報
1245:新民叢報
1213:中外公報
1126:and
655:Yale
413:and
323:Died
296:Born
3093:."
2919:.
2882:doi
2767:doi
2347:梁左軍
2338:麥秀瓊
2332:梁思禮
2317:章安寧
2299:章安建
2290:章安秋
2281:章安泰
2266:梁思寧
2255:張安文
2246:張郁文
2237:張偉遜
2231:梁思懿
2220:梁任堪
2211:梁任又
2202:梁憶冰
2193:俞雪臻
2187:梁思達
2167:楊念羣
2158:吳荔明
2143:梁思莊
2134:梁思忠
2123:梁柏有
2114:李福曼
2108:梁思永
2093:梁再冰
2058:周如枚
2048:梁從誡
2031:梁思成
2016:周嘉平
2007:周有斐
1998:周同軾
1989:周念慈
1980:周希哲
1974:梁思順
1940:王桂荃
1926:李蕙仙
1888:梁寶瑛
1874:黎第光
1840:梁維淸
1629:):
1626:新民說
1551:新史學
1548:" (
1474:舊史家
1471:" (
1375:淸議報
1248:).
1233:淸議報
1223:時務報
1196:淸議報
1155:CCP
1034:in
998:in
909:).
906:湘學報
849:in
755:王桂荃
741:李惠仙
713:梁寶瑛
617:IPA
565:IPA
513:梁启超
499:梁啓超
339:),
89:梁啓超
29:is
3360::
3265:zh
3240:zh
3193:zh
2904:.
2896:.
2888:.
2878:22
2876:.
2872:.
2824:^
2816:48
2814:.
2787:^
2773:.
2761:.
2736:.
2714:^
2698:.
2674:^
2662:}}
2658:{{
2646:.
2584:.
2564:^
2555:,
2479:^
2449:.
2441:.
2431:28
2429:.
2425:.
2413:^
2365:梁旋
2356:梁紅
2341:)
2308:章惠
2275:)
2272:章柯
2240:)
2196:)
2161:)
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