121:. Although spared and given privileged status as one of the first to defect, Li lost Nurhaci's confidence in 1622 when he opposed the khan's desire to massacre any Chinese refugees who sought to escape his rule. Despite this, Li remained ambivalent towards Ming overtures trying to re-enlist him in their army. Li Yongfang died in 1634 with the rank of viscount. All nine of his sons continued to provide service to the imperial throne.
87:. Li Yongfang only had 1,200 men under his command. The Jin army assailed the city walls with siege ladders and the unprepared garrison gave their lives in a hasty defense. Li and his lieutenant, Zhao Yipeng, decided to surrender on the condition that no one was to be harmed. Nurhaci agreed to the terms and entered the city.
94:
because the old Ming system and Zhu emperors was corrupt and the new Qing dynasty gave the opportunity to the Han
Chinese to continue their culture. Many Chinese saw the opportunity of serving a Manchu ruler without abandoning their Han Chinese cultural and political experience. He along with a
60:
to the Qing. Li
Yongfang along with many other Han Chinese defected to the Qing as the old Ming system was declining and corrupt, and the Qing provided an opportunity for the Han Chinese to continue their culture. One of Li Yongfang's descendants Li Shiyao was sentenced to death by the Qianlong
95:
number of Han
Chinese surrendered or were captured and entered Manchu service in an administration that adapted many Han Chinese methods. Nurhaci's granddaughter by his son
140:'s reign, Li Shiyao was involved in graft and embezzlement, demoted of his title and sentenced to death. However his life was spared after assisting in suppressing the
505:
361:
129:
570:
491:
461:
565:
486:
456:
417:
280:
253:
226:
199:
172:
311:
336:
592:
99:
married Li as a result of his defection to the Qing. The offspring of Li received the "Third Class
Viscount" (
118:
509:
80:
559:
365:
141:
480:
450:
117:
Li
Yongfang later fought as a lieutenant-general at the side of Nurhaci and participated in the
61:
emperor but was spared his life when he helped suppress the Lin
Shuangwen rebellion in Taiwan.
539:
The Great
Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-Century China
245:
The Great
Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China
162:
270:
243:
216:
189:
409:
587:
554:
475:
445:
8:
133:
26:
413:
276:
249:
222:
195:
168:
402:
52:
known for defecting to the Qing dynasty, due to the Ming dynasty losing the city of
137:
76:
70:
37:
90:
Li along with many other Han
Chinese of the Ming defected to the Qing dynasty and
21:
558:
479:
449:
581:
272:
The Manchu Way: The Eight
Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China
315:
84:
49:
45:
17:
125:
340:
506:"李奉尧 || 李奉尧 (?-1789) 汉军镶黄旗人，-等伯李永芳四世孙也，清朝大臣。父元亮，官户部尚书，谥勤恪，李侍尧之弟。自官"
57:
404:
The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions
386:
91:
96:
53:
426:
218:
The Military Collapse of China's Ming Dynasty, 1618-44
164:
Servants of the Dynasty: Palace Women in World History
294:
292:
241:
401:
289:
167:. University of California Press. pp. 148–.
79:would be the first military conflict between the
579:
399:
248:. University of California Press. pp. 61–.
214:
187:
268:
541:. Vol. 1. University of California Press.
530:The Military Collapse of China's Ming Dynasty
160:
337:"曹德全：首个投降后金的明将李永芳_[历史人物]_抚顺七千年-Wap版"
262:
235:
408:. University of California Press. pp.
275:. Stanford University Press. pp. 76–.
154:
393:
181:
44:; died 1634) was a Chinese general of the
128:and the great-great-great-grandfather of
571:United States Government Printing Office
492:United States Government Printing Office
462:United States Government Printing Office
208:
536:
432:
580:
553:
474:
444:
527:
400:Evelyn S. Rawski (15 November 1998).
298:
566:Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period
487:Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period
457:Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period
215:Kenneth M. Swope (23 January 2014).
194:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 79–.
188:Frederic Wakeman (1 January 1977).
64:
13:
547:
14:
604:
498:
468:
438:
379:
112:
520:
354:
329:
304:
105:
1:
147:
242:Frederic E. Wakeman (1985).
119:Later Jin invasion of Joseon
7:
221:. Routledge. pp. 13–.
10:
609:
537:Wakeman, Frederic (1985).
68:
15:
100:
41:
269:Mark C. Elliott (2001).
528:Swope, Kenneth (2014).
312:"李永芳将军的简介 李永芳的后代-历史趣闻网"
142:Lin Shuangwen rebellion
362:"第一个投降满清的明朝将领李永芳结局如何？"
191:Fall of Imperial China
161:Anne Walthall (2008).
593:Ming dynasty generals
555:Hummel, Arthur W. Sr.
476:Hummel, Arthur W. Sr.
446:Hummel, Arthur W. Sr.
560:"Li Yung-fang"
124:Li is the father of
481:"Li Shih-yao"
451:"Li Shih-yao"
387:"第一個投降滿清的明朝將領結局如何？"
419:978-0-520-92679-0
282:978-0-8047-4684-7
255:978-0-520-04804-1
228:978-1-134-46209-4
201:978-0-02-933680-9
174:978-0-520-25444-2
600:
574:
562:
542:
533:
514:
513:
508:. Archived from
502:
496:
495:
483:
472:
466:
465:
453:
442:
436:
435:, p. 61-62.
430:
424:
423:
407:
397:
391:
390:
383:
377:
376:
374:
373:
364:. Archived from
358:
352:
351:
349:
348:
339:. Archived from
333:
327:
326:
324:
323:
314:. Archived from
308:
302:
296:
287:
286:
266:
260:
259:
239:
233:
232:
212:
206:
205:
185:
179:
178:
158:
138:Qianlong Emperor
107:
102:
77:Battle of Fushun
71:Battle of Fushun
65:Battle of Fushun
43:
608:
607:
603:
602:
601:
599:
598:
597:
578:
577:
550:
548:Further reading
545:
523:
518:
517:
504:
503:
499:
473:
469:
443:
439:
431:
427:
420:
398:
394:
385:
384:
380:
371:
369:
360:
359:
355:
346:
344:
335:
334:
330:
321:
319:
310:
309:
305:
297:
290:
283:
267:
263:
256:
240:
236:
229:
213:
209:
202:
186:
182:
175:
159:
155:
150:
144:in the Taiwan.
115:
73:
67:
31:
12:
11:
5:
606:
596:
595:
590:
576:
575:
557:, ed. (1943).
549:
546:
544:
543:
534:
524:
522:
519:
516:
515:
512:on 2016-10-07.
497:
478:, ed. (1943).
467:
448:, ed. (1943).
437:
425:
418:
392:
378:
353:
328:
303:
288:
281:
261:
254:
234:
227:
207:
200:
180:
173:
152:
151:
149:
146:
136:). During the
114:
111:
106:sān děng zǐjué
69:Main article:
66:
63:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
605:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
583:
572:
568:
567:
561:
556:
552:
551:
540:
535:
531:
526:
525:
511:
507:
501:
493:
489:
488:
482:
477:
471:
463:
459:
458:
452:
447:
441:
434:
429:
421:
415:
411:
406:
405:
396:
388:
382:
368:on 2016-10-07
367:
363:
357:
343:on 2016-10-07
342:
338:
332:
318:on 2017-12-03
317:
313:
307:
301:, p. 12.
300:
295:
293:
284:
278:
274:
273:
265:
257:
251:
247:
246:
238:
230:
224:
220:
219:
211:
203:
197:
193:
192:
184:
176:
170:
166:
165:
157:
153:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
120:
110:
108:
98:
93:
88:
86:
82:
78:
72:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
39:
35:
29:
28:
23:
19:
564:
538:
532:. Routledge.
529:
510:the original
500:
485:
470:
455:
440:
433:Wakeman 1985
428:
403:
395:
381:
370:. Retrieved
366:the original
356:
345:. Retrieved
341:the original
331:
320:. Retrieved
316:the original
306:
271:
264:
244:
237:
217:
210:
190:
183:
163:
156:
123:
116:
113:Qing dynasty
104:
89:
85:Ming dynasty
74:
50:Qing dynasty
46:Ming dynasty
33:
32:
25:
18:Chinese name
588:1634 deaths
521:Works cited
126:Li Shuaitai
34:Li Yongfang
22:family name
582:Categories
372:2019-01-17
347:2016-06-30
322:2019-01-17
299:Swope 2014
148:References
130:Li Shiyao
109:) title.
81:Later Jin
83:and the
58:Liaoning
16:In this
92:Manchus
38:Chinese
416:
279:
252:
225:
198:
171:
97:Abatai
54:Fushun
40::
20:, the
414:ISBN
277:ISBN
250:ISBN
223:ISBN
196:ISBN
169:ISBN
101:三等子爵
75:The
48:and
412:–.
134:李侍堯
56:in
42:李永芳
24:is
584::
569:.
563:.
490:.
484:.
460:.
454:.
410:72
291:^
103:;
27:Li
573:.
494:.
464:.
422:.
389:.
375:.
350:.
325:.
285:.
258:.
231:.
204:.
177:.
132:(
36:(
30:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.