43:
27:
19:
83:, stretched over a hard stick, acting as the main source of vibration. Holding both hands around the quill, positioned without touching just inside the lips, the player sharply inhales or exhales against it, creating vibration in the string. This "produces a powerful buzzing sound," usually in short notes on a small, limited
144:
According to Barrow in 1806, the instrument sounds "like the faint murmurs of distant music that 'comes o'er the ear' without any distinction of notes." Barnard in 1910 noted the loudness of the instrument, while
Alberti in 1810 compared the sounds to the "tones of the so-called
44:
149:," presumably a reference to the shared use of the harmonic series. According to Kirby in 1934, "the tone is, when well produced, very pleasant, partaking of the qualities of both string and wind, reminding one of the
138:
156:
Though very few people alive today play this instrument, the "harsh, bird-like sounds" the instrument produces are so well recognised among the Sotho that it is used on
603:
157:
153:; and it can be varied in power from a faint whisper to a strong, vibrant sound, the air column of the mouth and throat acting as a resonator."
956:
753:
572:
540:
141:). The lesiba's construction is unique: "no other class of stringed-wind instrument has been found anywhere else in the world."
370:
161:
728:
354:
330:
941:
192:
Whenever they hear him play , they exhibit their appreciation of the music by clustering and huddling around him.
188:
and herdboys to give signals and instructions to their cattle, and, almost as much, for their own entertainment.
269:
565:
513:
599:
946:
707:
558:
718:
666:
91:
684:
459:. The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 32: 156–176.
126:
951:
691:
662:
550:
8:
936:
910:
733:
620:
423:
26:
696:
468:
679:
590:
350:
326:
265:
95:
378:
798:
743:
723:
460:
110:
37:
748:
674:
64:
786:
713:
637:
582:
207:
134:
80:
930:
895:
833:
738:
642:
449:"The Goura, a Stringed-Wind Musical Instrument of the Bushmen and Hottentots"
197:
114:
84:
30:
Melody produced without grunts, notes often shaded by the harmonic series (D
915:
544:
323:
In the Time of
Cannibals: The Word Music of South Africa's Basotho Migrants
214:
181:
169:
150:
146:
106:
125:, tenth, and twelfth. At the other end, in some areas, is a coconut shell
105:. Vocalizations create, from a single player, the effect of more than one
890:
848:
803:
768:
652:
632:
615:
453:
The
Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
218:
72:
200:, and passages on the instrument are metaphorically compared to various
828:
823:
818:
647:
625:
586:
472:
122:
870:
808:
763:
701:
464:
448:
885:
838:
781:
670:
177:
98:
76:
101:, except in players with strong breath, and may be accompanied by
905:
880:
863:
858:
791:
776:
494:
A. G. Mokhali, quoted in Adams (1986), p.6. Coplan (1994), p.101.
234:
173:
165:
102:
68:
853:
843:
813:
185:
118:
94:
of the string, while exhalation is most often accompanied by a
18:
900:
160:
to signal the start of the news broadcast. The lesiba is the
130:
657:
580:
196:
As such, studies of the instrument may be classified as
168:, a southern African people, now located primarily in
71:') refers to a class of "unbraced mouth-resonated
347:The Drum Cafe's Traditional Music of South Africa
928:
566:
213:One player, Ntate Thabong Phosa, plays with
56:
22:A close up of the quill portion of a lesiba.
317:
315:
296:
294:
292:
290:
201:
573:
559:
262:The World of South African Music: A Reader
397:
395:
280:
278:
264:, p.36. Lucia, Christine; ed. Cambridge.
252:
250:
479:
365:
363:
341:
339:
312:
287:
25:
17:
446:
418:
416:
109:. The harmonics used are primarily the
929:
404:
392:
303:
275:
247:
554:
371:"South Africa, Part I: The Drum Café"
360:
336:
957:Southern African musical instruments
447:Balfour, Henry (January–June 1902).
413:
139:Hornbostel-Sachs number: 311.121.222
13:
14:
968:
534:
184:. The lesiba is played mostly by
325:, p.203. University of Chicago.
506:
497:
488:
440:
424:"Traditional Music & Dance"
260:, a Stringed-wind Instrument",
217:and can be heard in the song "
1:
256:Kirby, Percival (2009). "The
240:
133:wrapped around the string to
7:
541:Recording of lesiba playing
228:
10:
973:
514:"Sipho Mabuse Discography"
762:
708:Music On A Long Thin Wire
611:
597:
321:Coplan, David B. (1994).
210:for 'vultures').
604:Hornbostel–Sachs numbers
942:Harmonic series (music)
485:Afọlayan (2004), p.234.
349:, p.115. Jacana Media.
90:Inhalation excites the
685:Long-string instrument
202:
194:
57:
52:
23:
503:Coplan (1994), p.101.
300:Levine (2005), p.237.
190:
29:
21:
543:—field recording by
381:on September 7, 2008
410:Kirby (2009), p.35.
401:Kirby (2009), p.32.
345:Levine, L. (2005).
309:Kirby (2009), p.33.
284:Kirby (2009), p.38.
162:national instrument
79:attached to a long
75:" with a flattened
692:Melde's experiment
53:
46:Play approximation
24:
924:
923:
680:Longitudinal wave
129:, with a tension
964:
947:Music of Lesotho
744:String vibration
575:
568:
561:
552:
551:
528:
527:
525:
524:
510:
504:
501:
495:
492:
486:
483:
477:
476:
444:
438:
437:
435:
434:
420:
411:
408:
402:
399:
390:
389:
387:
386:
377:. Archived from
367:
358:
343:
334:
319:
310:
307:
301:
298:
285:
282:
273:
254:
205:
62:
51:
50:
49:
47:
38:harmonic seventh
35:
34:
972:
971:
967:
966:
965:
963:
962:
961:
927:
926:
925:
920:
829:Japanese fiddle
767:
758:
749:Transverse wave
697:Mersenne's laws
675:String harmonic
607:
593:
579:
537:
532:
531:
522:
520:
512:
511:
507:
502:
498:
493:
489:
484:
480:
465:10.2307/2842910
445:
441:
432:
430:
422:
421:
414:
409:
405:
400:
393:
384:
382:
375:ProjectExplorer
369:
368:
361:
344:
337:
320:
313:
308:
304:
299:
288:
283:
276:
255:
248:
243:
231:
45:
42:
41:
32:
31:
12:
11:
5:
970:
960:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
922:
921:
919:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
867:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
795:
794:
787:Bladder fiddle
784:
779:
773:
771:
760:
759:
757:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
704:
699:
694:
689:
688:
687:
677:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
629:
628:
618:
612:
609:
608:
598:
595:
594:
578:
577:
570:
563:
555:
549:
548:
536:
535:External links
533:
530:
529:
505:
496:
487:
478:
439:
412:
403:
391:
359:
335:
311:
302:
286:
274:
245:
244:
242:
239:
238:
237:
230:
227:
223:Township Child
221:" on Mabuse's
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
969:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
932:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
896:Tromba marina
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
793:
790:
789:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
774:
772:
770:
765:
761:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
739:Standing wave
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
709:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
686:
683:
682:
681:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
627:
624:
623:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
610:
605:
601:
596:
592:
588:
584:
576:
571:
569:
564:
562:
557:
556:
553:
546:
542:
539:
538:
519:
515:
509:
500:
491:
482:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
443:
429:
425:
419:
417:
407:
398:
396:
380:
376:
372:
366:
364:
356:
355:9781770090460
352:
348:
342:
340:
332:
331:9780226115740
328:
324:
318:
316:
306:
297:
295:
293:
291:
281:
279:
271:
267:
263:
259:
253:
251:
246:
236:
233:
232:
226:
224:
220:
216:
211:
209:
204:
199:
198:zoomusicology
193:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
158:Lesotho Radio
154:
152:
148:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
93:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
61:
60:
48:
39:
28:
20:
16:
952:Musical bows
916:Washtub bass
875:
769:musical bows
729:Scale length
706:
626:Third bridge
545:Kevin Volans
521:. Retrieved
517:
508:
499:
490:
481:
456:
452:
442:
431:. Retrieved
427:
406:
383:. Retrieved
379:the original
374:
346:
322:
305:
261:
257:
222:
215:Sipho Mabuse
212:
195:
191:
182:South Africa
170:South Africa
155:
151:Aeolian harp
147:Hunting-horn
143:
89:
58:
54:
15:
891:Psalmodicon
804:Diddley bow
663:Fundamental
653:Fingerboard
633:Chordophone
591:instruments
219:Thaba Bosiu
137:the pitch (
117:, seventh,
937:Aerophones
931:Categories
824:Ichigenkin
819:Ground bow
764:Monochords
754:Tuning peg
734:Soundboard
648:Enharmonic
523:2007-12-30
433:2015-06-15
385:2009-04-24
270:1904303366
241:References
180:people of
176:, and the
871:Langeleik
809:Duxianqin
702:Monochord
671:Overtones
667:Harmonics
127:resonator
92:harmonics
67:for '
55:The term
886:Onavillu
839:Genggong
834:Jaw harp
782:Berimbau
724:Re-entry
581:Musical
428:DrumCafe
229:See also
186:herdsmen
178:Khoikhoi
33:♭
906:Umuduri
881:Masenqo
864:Mukkuri
859:Morsing
799:Đàn bầu
792:Boom-ba
777:Ahardin
583:strings
518:AfroMix
473:2842910
235:Korhaan
225:album.
174:Lesotho
166:Basotho
164:of the
103:humming
96:throaty
69:feather
36:is the
911:Unitar
876:Lesiba
854:Kubing
849:Khomuz
844:Gogona
814:Ektara
638:Course
621:Bridge
589:, and
471:
353:
329:
268:
203:linong
135:adjust
119:eighth
81:string
65:Tswana
59:lesiba
901:Tumbi
643:Drone
587:wires
469:JSTOR
208:Sotho
131:noose
123:ninth
115:sixth
111:fifth
99:grunt
85:scale
77:quill
714:Node
658:Fret
600:List
351:ISBN
327:ISBN
266:ISBN
258:Gora
172:and
107:part
766:and
719:Nut
616:Bow
461:doi
73:bow
933::
585:,
516:.
467:.
457:32
455:.
451:.
426:.
415:^
394:^
373:.
362:^
338:^
314:^
289:^
277:^
249:^
121:,
113:,
87:.
40:)
673:/
669:/
665:/
606:)
602:(
574:e
567:t
560:v
547:.
526:.
475:.
463::
436:.
388:.
357:.
333:.
272:.
206:(
63:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
