541:
4446:
441:
4452:
952:
718:
4459:
143:
118:
1054:
4439:
1742:
421:
1151:
1190:
is a complete and perfectly preserved skeleton of an adult specimen which was uncovered in
September 1984 and which can be found at the Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt. There is also a paratype; a non-complete and badly preserved specimen which can be found at the Institut Royal des Sciences
431:
is a special animal because of the way its anatomy combines quite primitive elements with elements which prove a high degree of specialization. It had small fore legs and large hind legs, especially at the distal side (that further from the body). The lateral
2189:
874:. The lake would periodically release the gas it contained, creating a lethal cloud which would asphyxiate any animal in its path. This would explain the great number of non-aquatic species which have been found in the old lake-bed of the Messel pit.
984:. It was the smallest species of all and was only sixty centimetres long. Several skeletons have been found at the Messel pit. Mathis remarks the exceptional development of the paraconid (or mesiobucal cusp) of the lower P4
436:
of its forelegs (fingers I and V) were very short and weak, finger III was longer and fingers II and IV were roughly equal in size, and slightly shorter than finger III. The tips of the phalanges were elongated and tapered.
2219:
1780:
the reduction of the parametastylar and metastylar regions of these same teeth (with some exceptions), in particular with a reduction of the parastylar lobe which rises less in the anterior part of M3 and possibly
774:. It was an episode of quick and intense (of up to 7 °C in high latitudes) warming which lasted less than 100,000 years. The thermal maximum caused a great extinction which is used to distinguish the Eocene
511:
It varied between 60 and 90 cm (24 and 35 in) in length (more than half of which belonged to the tail), and 20 cm (7.9 in) in height. It weighed a couple of kilograms. These sizes could
2311:
Gavin A. Schmidt & Drew T. Shindell; Shindell (2003). "Atmospheric composition, radiative forcing, and climate change as a consequence of a massive methane release from gas hydrates".
1129:. It is known mainly from isolated teeth. It has a P4 with a much reduced paraconid, as well as very distinct entoconids and hypoconulids on M1 and M2. The species is dedicated to
1104:
1167:
1214:
By observing the clear morphological differences in the dentition of the three species found in Messel, the possibility can be discarded that either the discovered
1010:
Described by
Christian Mathis in 1989. Fossils have been found in the lagerstätte at Robiac, Le Bretou, Lavergne, La Bouffie, Les Clapiès, Malpérié and Perrière (
3334:
210:
1225:
The Messel species developed very quickly a series of characteristic evolutionary traits, common to all of them, which separate them from the lagerstätte of
365:
with highly specialized adaptations, such as powerful hind legs and a long tail which aided in locomotion. They were omnivorous, their diet a combination of
1023:
3075:
4178:
3364:
3588:
3277:
1130:
532:
known leptictid with skull 101 mm (4.0 in) long, head with trunk 375 mm (14.8 in) long, and tail 500 mm (20 in) long.
4333:
3757:
3618:
3489:
3412:
3268:
2899:
2864:
2716:
1171:
1068:
1015:
4551:
4326:
4318:
4085:
4071:
3646:
3639:
3447:
3343:
3219:
3175:
3047:
3010:
2810:
1064:
4302:
4237:
4192:
4057:
4015:
3919:
3910:
3778:
3247:
3182:
3132:
3017:
2853:
1179:
962:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4230:
4199:
4157:
4150:
4043:
4022:
3899:
3834:
3813:
3729:
3708:
3674:
3537:
3523:
3516:
3475:
3461:
3433:
3398:
3375:
3254:
3189:
3168:
3118:
2989:
2928:
2789:
2768:
4355:
4164:
4143:
4120:
4064:
4050:
4036:
3892:
3820:
3771:
3750:
3701:
3604:
3579:
3565:
3551:
3482:
3468:
3405:
3384:
3240:
3226:
3161:
3154:
3082:
3068:
2982:
2935:
2726:
4362:
4340:
4171:
4099:
3987:
3799:
3785:
3764:
3743:
3694:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3611:
3454:
3391:
3196:
3125:
3061:
2996:
2942:
587:
appear too weak to have supported the shock of repeated jumps, but its long feet were obviously adapted for jumping rather than running.
1071:
in 1985. It was a middle-sized species which was seventy-five centimeters long. Several skeletons have been found in the Messel pit, in
4295:
4222:
4106:
4029:
4001:
3827:
3597:
3544:
3530:
3419:
3357:
3147:
3054:
1035:
130:
4620:
4008:
3089:
2408:
607:
had a series of traits which show it was a running animal which sometimes moved by jumping. Despite the marked similarities between
4538:
3722:
3792:
2159:
4625:
1206:. The well-developed mesostyle and the transversal configuration of the upper molars are other typical traits of this species.
1121:
Described by
Christian Mathis in 1989. Fossils have been found in the lagerstätte at Sainte-Néboule, Baby, Sindou and Pécarel (
1218:
are specimens of the same species but of different age, or that two of these forms belonged to the same species with a marked
361:, and occupied a similar niche. They are especially interesting for their combination of characteristics typical of primitive
4615:
2079:
1174:
in 1987. It was the largest species of all at ninety centimetres long. It is one of the species found in the Messel pit, in
771:
397:, a time of warm temperatures and high humidity, roughly fifty million years ago. Although they were widespread throughout
4445:
4635:
2479:
4610:
1984:
1844:
1816:
1159:
699:
and notable amounts of sand in its abdomen, but it cannot be determined with certainty if the animal swallowed it.
1764:, based on comparison of the most primitive and the most recent species. From his observations, Mathis remarks:
401:, they became extinct around thirty-five million years ago with no descendants, as they were adapted to live in
2355:
2295:
4451:
977:
of the species, but Storch and Lister proved in 1985 that, in fact, the skeleton did not even belong to the
805:
were exceptionally warm. The polar regions were much warmer than today, possibly as warm as the present-day
4630:
2442:
Mathis, C. (1989). "Quelques insectivores primitifs nouveaux de l'Eocène supérieur du sud de la France".
2009:
n sp., ein
Pseudorhyncocyonide aus dem Eozän der "Grube Messel" bei Darmstadt (Mammalia, Proteutheria)".
540:
529:
142:
17:
4458:
1095:
teeth were quite small in comparison to the dentition as a whole. The name of the species refers to the
809:
of North
America. Temperate forests reached the poles themselves, while rainy tropical climates reached
474:
in their crania suggest they probably had a long and mobile snout, similar to that of elephant shrews.
2069:
1198:
with a relatively large mesostyle. The molariform premolar teeth are a characteristic of the genus
766:. From the beginning of this period, the temperature of the planet rose in one of the quickest (in
992:
were quite small in comparison to the dentition as a whole. The name of the species refers to the
2011:
567:
hopped along with its body tilted forward, using its tail as a counterweight. On the other hand,
4582:
4516:
4478:
2500:
2472:
1919:- ein Pseudorhyncocyonide aus dem Eozän der Grube Messel bei Darmstadt (Mammalia, Proteutheria)
584:
4556:
4577:
4569:
2102:
433:
4438:
1232:
This table compares the size of different specimens of each species found in the Messel pit
4525:
2320:
2258:
2049:
1084:
790:
481:
1774:
a slight reduction of the width of the talonid on M3 in comparison to the anterior molars;
8:
4605:
4387:
2582:
2406:
2286:
810:
579:, but they can run on two legs to flee from a predator. Studies of the bone structure of
2324:
2262:
1940:
848:). Due to high humidity and temperatures, most of the European continent was covered in
559:
mammals, it is difficult to find an appropriate living model to compare it with. If the
393:, although they are closely related to placental eutherians. They appeared in the Lower
2555:
2211:
813:. The greatest difference was in temperate latitudes; nevertheless, the climate at the
471:
137:
2167:
4564:
2609:
2465:
2351:
2291:
2215:
2075:
1980:
1895:- ein archaisches Säugetier aus Messel mit außergewöhnlichen biologischen Anpassungen
1840:
1812:
1219:
1108:
825:
806:
798:
572:
440:
1828:
Reconstructing organismic constructions and the problem of
Leptictidium's locomotion
770:
terms) and most extreme episodes of global warming in the geological record, termed
555:
is whether it moved by running or by jumping. Because there are very few completely
4280:
4134:
2890:
2328:
2270:
2266:
2201:
2131:
951:
902:
456:
1865:
Quelques insectivores primitifs nouveaux de l'Eocène supérieur du sud de la France
1751:
Quelques insectivores primitifs nouveaux de l'Eocène supérieur du sud de la France
3946:
3930:
3307:
2973:
1777:
the formation and development of a mesostile on the molariform jugal teeth P4-M3;
739:
717:
615:, there are certain differences in their skeletons which prevent the example of
4185:
3507:
2758:
2694:
2409:"An annotated taxonomic list of the Middle Eocene (MP 11) Vertebrata of Messel"
2310:
1928:
Insectivoren (Mammalia) aus dem
Mitteleozän (Lutetium) von Messel bei Darmstadt
1784:
a transverse shortening of the upper molarised teeth, which become more square;
1757:
1137:
1030:
868:
568:
358:
2190:"New Large Leptictid Insectivore from the Late Paleogene of South Dakota, USA"
1787:
the development of accessory conuli on the preprotocrista and postprotocrista;
4599:
4501:
4415:
3685:
3440:
3210:
3104:
2920:
2842:
2831:
2407:
Morlo, Michael; Stephan Schaal, Gerald Mayr & Christina
Seiffert (2004).
1455:
889:
841:
802:
75:
4347:
4287:
4078:
3885:
3876:
3865:
3806:
3558:
3316:
3284:
3038:
3024:
2950:
2799:
1623:
993:
908:
497:
349:
that were likely bipedal. Comprising eight species, they resembled today's
236:
2206:
1883:
Zur Biomechanik der Fortbewegung von Leptictidium (Mammalia, Proteutheria)
785:
The global climate of the Eocene was probably the most homogeneous of the
117:
4510:
4399:
4213:
4092:
3978:
3852:
3715:
3233:
3003:
2958:
2875:
2737:
2332:
1825:
1661:
1092:
989:
922:
845:
756:
485:
50:
4543:
4408:
4376:
3953:
3736:
3298:
3111:
2748:
2705:
1150:
1053:
917:
913:
864:
849:
833:
735:
712:
656:
595:
489:
386:
354:
339:
197:
95:
60:
2372:
2241:
Rose, Kenneth D. (2006). "The postcranial skeleton of early Oligocene
4422:
4252:
4244:
3960:
3939:
3625:
3426:
3139:
2540:
2044:
1691:
1657:
1653:
1595:
973:
faunal stage. Tobien also uncovered a small skeleton he defined as a
966:
895:
883:
837:
779:
726:
599:
576:
501:
409:
405:
154:
100:
44:
4472:
4495:
4310:
4113:
3994:
3632:
3323:
3097:
2913:
2820:
2677:
2655:
2621:
2567:
2512:
2488:
1195:
1187:
1175:
1100:
1088:
1076:
1072:
985:
974:
970:
867:
could have been the old location of a volcanic lake saturated with
786:
688:
672:
560:
505:
493:
390:
362:
174:
90:
85:
70:
65:
55:
1760:
Christian Mathis studied the evolutionary tendencies of the genus
1040:
2906:
2132:"Insectivore-like mammals: Tiny teeth and their enigmatic owners"
1399:
1311:
1186:
and promoter of research in the Messel pit during the 1960s. The
997:
938:
860:
856:
814:
794:
767:
664:
660:
556:
525:
350:
105:
80:
4530:
1771:
a precocious merging of the hypoconulid and the entoconid on M3;
2778:
2594:
2524:
2518:
2506:
1754:
1741:
1567:
1483:
1226:
1215:
1134:
1122:
1080:
1027:
1011:
821:
763:
759:
753:
743:
708:
684:
680:
676:
663:. The marks on their fur have been preserved, as well as their
648:
632:
521:
468:
464:
460:
420:
402:
398:
394:
378:
370:
366:
346:
184:
164:
1889:
1022:
is not developed in this species. The species is dedicated to
1946:
1942:. Frankfurt del Main: Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.
1830:. Darmstadt: Kaupia Darmstädter Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte.
1539:
1511:
1343:
978:
775:
628:
452:
342:
1885:. Frankfurt am Main: Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.
2457:
2045:
Wighart von Koenigswald; Gerhard Storch (March 16, 1987). "
2004:
1934:
1427:
1371:
1339:
1096:
829:
696:
374:
2187:
2067:
1867:. Paris: Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle.
1103:
is the complete skeleton of an adult specimen kept in the
2444:
Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris
1826:
Frey, E.; Herkner, B.; Schrenk, F.; Seiffert, C (1993).
2245:(Mammalia: Leptictida), with preliminary comparison to
1974:
1202:
as a whole which is very marked in the P4 premolars of
863:
active zone during the Eocene. It is thought that the
488:
were more transverse than those of the North American
513:
4373:
4210:
4131:
3975:
3849:
3576:
3504:
3295:
3265:
3207:
3035:
2970:
2887:
2871:
2860:
2849:
2838:
2827:
2816:
2806:
2795:
2785:
2774:
2764:
2754:
2744:
2733:
2722:
2712:
2701:
2690:
1913:
619:
from being used to determine with certainty the way
243:
2125:
2123:
1949:Zur Taphonomie eines unvollständigen Skelettes von
1930:. Wiesbaden: Notizbl. hess. Landesamt. Bodenforsch.
1209:
408:and were unable to adapt to the open plains of the
1977:Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level
504:was quite small in comparison to the size of the
4597:
2120:
2005:Adrian Lister; Gerhard Storch (July 22, 1985). "
583:have yielded contradicting information: its leg
2188:TJ Meehan, Larry D. Martin (1 September 2012).
2166:(in Dutch). Kenozoicum.nl. 2007. Archived from
1125:), and it has a more primitive appearance than
2068:D. Rose, Kenneth; Archibald, J. David (2006).
1921:. Frankfurt del Main: Senckenbergiana lethaea.
2473:
1880:
906:. There were also predators, the crocodilian
623:moved: the most important being that, unlike
2154:
2152:
2061:
1890:Maier, W.; Richter, G.; Storch, G. (1986).
1075:strata. The tail of this species had 42-43
1018:strata. The mesostyle typical of the genus
2480:
2466:
2277:
1925:
1901:
1862:
1806:
1736:
944:
116:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2205:
2149:
1003:
2539:
2100:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
1968:
1947:von Koenigswald, W.; Wuttke, M. (1987).
1935:von Koenigswald; W.; Storch, G. (1987).
1834:
1740:
1149:
1052:
950:
881:shared its habitat with animals such as
716:
539:
439:
419:
2675:
2370:
2364:
2345:
2339:
1143:
1046:
801:was half that of today's, and the deep
14:
4598:
2441:
2426:
2395:
2350:. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.
2283:
2074:. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
2051:Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg
1897:. Frankfurt am Main: Natur und Museum.
1839:. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
40:Temporal range: Early to Late Eocene,
4477:
4476:
2499:
2461:
2129:
2023:
1114:
590:Kenneth D. Rose compared the species
2240:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1790:the development of the postcingulum.
1178:strata. The species is dedicated to
1036:Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
877:In the lush forests of this region,
459:were quite loosely fixed, while the
131:Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
2249:from the middle Eocene of Messel".
2234:
2071:The Beginning of the Age of Mammals
1909:. Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau.
1837:The Beginning of the Age of Mammals
820:In the Eocene, most of what is now
463:had a flexible joint with only one
24:
1975:McKenna, M. C; S. K. Bell (1997).
25:
4647:
1993:
1723:From the front edge of the orbit.
1160:Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt
817:was probably similar to today's.
514:vary from one specimen to another
4621:Ypresian genus first appearances
4457:
4450:
4444:
4437:
2284:Haines, Tim (2001). "New Dawn".
1811:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
1210:Comparison of the Messel species
772:Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
484:in the antemolar row, its upper
141:
48:
2416:Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg
2386:
2304:
1914:Storch, G.; Lister, A. (1985).
1794:
2181:
2164:Leptictidium bij Kenozoicum.nl
2094:
1955:. Wiesbaden: Geol. Jb. Hessen.
1105:Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg
651:of three different species of
415:
284:Koenigswald & Storch, 1987
13:
1:
4626:Fossil taxa described in 1962
2371:Scotese, Christopher (2002).
2251:Palaeontographica Abteilung A
2194:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
1979:. Columbia University Press.
1961:
1953:aus dem Ă–lschiefer von Messel
1799:
965:in 1962 based on a series of
563:is used, it is probable that
535:
385:and other leptictids are not
4616:Priabonian genus extinctions
2487:
1873:
1855:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
642:
7:
2346:Stanley, Steven M. (1999).
1194:It has a relatively robust
1079:, a number surpassed among
1033:and deputy director of the
551:One of the mysteries about
508:and the animal as a whole.
10:
4652:
2101:Chaisson, Eric J. (2001).
1242:Messel species comparison
1182:, descriptor of the genus
928:
855:The region which today is
706:
702:
467:vertebra. The anteorbital
4636:Prehistoric mammal genera
4485:
4434:
4398:
4372:
4209:
4130:
3974:
3929:
3909:
3875:
3860:
3848:
3684:
3587:
3575:
3503:
3374:
3333:
3306:
3294:
3264:
3206:
3034:
2969:
2886:
2686:
2671:
2652:
2620:
2602:
2593:
2575:
2566:
2548:
2535:
2495:
1688:
1651:
1622:
1594:
1566:
1538:
1510:
1482:
1454:
1426:
1398:
1370:
1338:
1310:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
639:were not fused together.
444:Artist's impression of a
276:Lister & Storch, 1985
261:
256:
242:
235:
138:Scientific classification
136:
124:
115:
34:
4611:Eocene mammals of Europe
2271:10.1127/pala/278/2006/37
2103:"Leptictidium wildfacts"
1907:- ein archaischer Säuger
1809:Vertebrate Palaeontology
1191:Naturelles de Belgique.
832:was submerged under the
496:were molariform. Its C1
389:, but are non-placental
27:Extinct genus of mammals
2012:Senckenbergiana Lethaea
1737:Evolutionary tendencies
1168:Wighart von Koenigswald
946:Leptictidium auderiense
667:contents, which reveal
655:have been found in the
500:were incisiviform. Its
247:Leptictidium auderiense
2290:. Londres: BBC Books.
2130:Jehle, Martin (2007).
1881:Christian, A. (1999).
1746:
1730:incisura praeangularis
1234:(sizes in millimetres)
1163:
1060:
1005:Leptictidium ginsburgi
958:
840:were separated by the
746:
571:combine both types of
548:
448:
425:
4578:Paleobiology Database
2392:Walking with monsters
2375:. Christopher Scotese
2207:10.4202/app.2011.0035
1744:
1153:
1056:
954:
720:
543:
443:
423:
3335:Pseudorhyncocyonidae
2348:Earth System History
2333:10.1029/2002pa000757
2222:on 17 September 2022
2047:Leptictidium tobieni
2007:Leptictidium nasutum
1951:Leptictidium nasutum
1938:Leptictidium tobieni
1917:Leptictidium nasutum
1893:Leptictidium nasutum
1768:an increase in size;
1145:Leptictidium tobieni
1085:long-tailed pangolin
1048:Leptictidium nasutum
988:. Its premolars and
791:temperature gradient
647:Perfectly preserved
600:Leptictis dakotensis
575:; they usually move
518:Leptictidium tobieni
211:Pseudorhyncocyonidae
2325:2003PalOc..18.1004S
2287:Walking with Beasts
2263:2006PalAA.278...37R
1926:Tobien, H. (1962).
1902:Storch, G. (1987).
1863:Mathis, C. (1989).
1807:Benton, M. (2000).
1099:of the animal. The
732:Walking With Beasts
695:also had pieces of
4631:Fossils of Germany
2373:"Paleomap project"
1747:
1164:
1116:Leptictidium sigei
1061:
959:
747:
549:
449:
426:
4593:
4592:
4565:Open Tree of Life
4479:Taxon identifiers
4470:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4432:
4431:
4179:Prozalambdalestes
3970:
3969:
3844:
3843:
3499:
3498:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2136:Paleocene Mammals
2081:978-0-8018-8472-6
2057:: 107–116, 9 Abb.
1835:Rose, K. (2006).
1733:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1271:
1249:
1235:
1220:sexual dimorphism
1109:Frankfurt am Main
941:. These include:
807:Pacific Northwest
778:from that of the
331:
330:
325:
317:
309:
301:
293:
285:
277:
269:
231:
16:(Redirected from
4643:
4586:
4585:
4573:
4572:
4560:
4559:
4547:
4546:
4534:
4533:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4474:
4473:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4375:
4281:Kharmerungulatum
4212:
4135:Zalambdalestidae
4133:
3977:
3858:
3857:
3851:
3585:
3584:
3578:
3506:
3365:Pseudorhyncocyon
3304:
3303:
3297:
3267:
3209:
3037:
2972:
2891:Adapisoriculidae
2889:
2873:
2862:
2851:
2840:
2829:
2818:
2808:
2797:
2787:
2776:
2766:
2756:
2746:
2735:
2724:
2714:
2703:
2692:
2684:
2683:
2673:
2672:
2600:
2599:
2573:
2572:
2546:
2545:
2537:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2497:
2496:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2439:
2424:
2423:
2413:
2404:
2393:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2313:Paleoceanography
2308:
2302:
2301:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2218:. Archived from
2209:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2156:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2107:Animal wildfacts
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2042:
2021:
2020:
2002:
1991:
1990:
1972:
1956:
1943:
1931:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1886:
1868:
1850:
1831:
1822:
1727:
1722:
1692:mandibular ramus
1304:I. R. Sc. N. B.
1269:
1247:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1024:LĂ©onard Ginsburg
923:Messel giant ant
903:Propalaeotherium
457:sacroiliac joint
323:
315:
307:
299:
291:
283:
275:
267:
245:
229:
222:
209:
196:
146:
145:
120:
110:
47:
32:
31:
21:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4581:
4576:
4568:
4563:
4555:
4550:
4542:
4537:
4529:
4524:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4481:
4471:
4462:
4449:
4436:
4428:
4394:
4368:
4205:
4126:
3966:
3947:Psittacotherium
3931:Stylinodontidae
3925:
3905:
3871:
3840:
3680:
3589:Paroxyclaenidae
3571:
3495:
3370:
3329:
3308:Gypsonictopidae
3290:
3278:Ferrequitherium
3260:
3202:
3030:
2974:Asioryctitheria
2965:
2882:
2680:
2659:
2636:
2616:
2589:
2562:
2531:
2502:
2501:
2491:
2486:
2456:
2455:
2440:
2427:
2411:
2405:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2378:
2376:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2344:
2340:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2282:
2278:
2239:
2235:
2225:
2223:
2186:
2182:
2173:
2171:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2141:
2139:
2128:
2121:
2112:
2110:
2099:
2095:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2066:
2062:
2043:
2024:
2003:
1994:
1987:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1876:
1871:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1819:
1802:
1797:
1739:
1725:
1690:
1656:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1212:
1148:
1119:
1051:
1008:
949:
937:includes eight
931:
872:
828:and south-west
740:Horniman Museum
715:
707:Main articles:
705:
645:
569:elephant shrews
538:
492:and its fourth
418:
359:elephant shrews
252:
249:
228:
220:
207:
194:
140:
111:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
42:
41:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4649:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4574:
4561:
4548:
4535:
4522:
4507:
4491:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4404:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4381:
4379:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4359:
4352:
4344:
4337:
4334:Sheikhdzheilia
4330:
4323:
4315:
4307:
4299:
4292:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4218:
4216:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4186:Zalambdalestes
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4139:
4137:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3983:
3981:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3935:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3915:
3913:
3911:Onychodectidae
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3881:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3861:
3855:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3758:Cryptopithecus
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3690:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3619:Kiinkerishella
3615:
3608:
3601:
3593:
3591:
3582:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3512:
3510:
3508:Palaeoryctidae
3501:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3380:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3339:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3320:
3312:
3310:
3301:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3281:
3273:
3271:
3269:Horolodectidae
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3215:
3213:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3043:
3041:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2978:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2955:
2947:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2900:Adapisoriculus
2895:
2893:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2869:
2865:Prokennalestes
2858:
2847:
2836:
2825:
2814:
2804:
2793:
2783:
2772:
2762:
2759:Durlstotherium
2752:
2742:
2731:
2720:
2717:Bayshinoryctes
2710:
2699:
2695:Acristatherium
2687:
2681:
2676:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2549:
2543:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2493:
2492:
2485:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2453:
2425:
2394:
2385:
2363:
2356:
2338:
2303:
2296:
2276:
2233:
2200:(3): 509–518.
2180:
2160:"Leptictidium"
2148:
2138:. Martin Jehle
2119:
2093:
2080:
2060:
2022:
1992:
1985:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1944:
1932:
1923:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1845:
1832:
1823:
1817:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1758:paleontologist
1738:
1735:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1689:Height of the
1686:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1652:Height of the
1649:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1211:
1208:
1172:Gerhard Storch
1147:
1142:
1138:paleontologist
1118:
1113:
1083:solely by the
1073:Lower Lutetian
1069:Gerhard Storch
1050:
1045:
1031:paleontologist
1007:
1002:
996:settlement of
948:
943:
930:
927:
870:
803:ocean currents
704:
701:
644:
641:
537:
534:
417:
414:
329:
328:
327:
326:
318:
310:
302:
294:
286:
278:
270:
259:
258:
254:
253:
250:
240:
239:
233:
232:
218:
214:
213:
205:
201:
200:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
134:
133:
122:
121:
113:
112:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
39:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4648:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4584:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4527:
4523:
4518:
4512:
4508:
4503:
4497:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4475:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4447:
4440:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4416:Boreoeutheria
4413:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4389:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4327:Parazhelestes
4324:
4321:
4320:
4319:Paranyctoides
4316:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4086:Plesiesthonyx
4083:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4072:Megalesthonyx
4069:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3973:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3847:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3686:Pantolestidae
3683:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3647:Paroxyclaenus
3644:
3642:
3641:
3640:Paraspaniella
3637:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3502:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3448:Myrmecoboides
3445:
3443:
3442:
3441:Megaleptictis
3438:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3344:Diaphyodectes
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3220:Archaeoryctes
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3211:Didymoconidae
3205:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3176:Protentomodon
3173:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3105:Chacopterygus
3102:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3048:Aboletylestes
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3011:Sasayamamylos
3008:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2921:Deccanolestes
2918:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2877:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:Montanalestes
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:Microtherulum
2826:
2823:
2822:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2811:Indoclemensia
2805:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2658:
2657:
2651:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2389:
2374:
2367:
2359:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2170:on 2007-09-09
2169:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2124:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2083:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2053:(in German).
2052:
2048:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2018:
2015:(in German).
2014:
2013:
2008:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1988:
1986:0-231-11012-X
1982:
1978:
1971:
1967:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1848:
1846:0-8018-8472-1
1842:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1818:0-632-05614-2
1814:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1731:
1693:
1687:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1625:
1621:
1597:
1593:
1569:
1565:
1541:
1537:
1513:
1509:
1485:
1481:
1457:
1453:
1429:
1425:
1401:
1397:
1373:
1369:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1313:
1309:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1253:L. auderiense
1245:
1240:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1166:Described by
1161:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1065:Adrian Lister
1063:Described by
1059:
1055:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1006:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
961:Described by
957:
956:L. auderiense
953:
947:
942:
940:
936:
926:
924:
920:
919:
915:
911:
910:
905:
904:
899:
897:
892:
891:
890:Pholidocercus
886:
885:
880:
875:
873:
866:
862:
858:
853:
851:
847:
843:
842:Turgai Strait
839:
835:
831:
827:
826:Mediterranean
823:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
758:
755:
752:lived in the
751:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
728:
723:
719:
714:
710:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
675:which fed on
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
605:L. dakotensis
602:
601:
597:
593:
588:
586:
585:articulations
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
546:
542:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
473:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
447:
442:
438:
435:
430:
422:
413:
411:
407:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
341:
337:
336:
322:
319:
314:
311:
306:
303:
298:
295:
290:
287:
282:
279:
274:
271:
266:
265:L. auderiense
263:
262:
260:
255:
248:
241:
238:
234:
227:
226:
219:
216:
215:
212:
206:
203:
202:
199:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
144:
139:
135:
132:
128:
127:L. auderiense
123:
119:
114:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
46:
37:
33:
30:
19:
4517:Leptictidium
4487:Leptictidium
4486:
4443:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4361:
4354:
4348:Valentinella
4346:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4317:
4309:
4303:Mistralestes
4301:
4294:
4288:Khuduklestes
4286:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4243:
4238:Avitotherium
4236:
4229:
4221:
4198:
4193:Zhangolestes
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4079:Meiostylodon
4077:
4070:
4063:
4058:Kuanchuanius
4056:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4016:Chungchienia
4014:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3920:Onychodectes
3918:
3898:
3891:
3886:Conoryctella
3884:
3877:Conoryctidae
3866:Schowalteria
3864:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3807:Palaeosinopa
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3779:Gobipithecus
3777:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3564:
3559:Palaeoryctes
3557:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3363:
3356:
3351:Leptictidium
3350:
3349:
3342:
3322:
3317:Gypsonictops
3315:
3285:Horolodectes
3283:
3276:
3253:
3248:Kennatherium
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3195:
3188:
3183:Puercolestes
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3138:
3133:Ilerdoryctes
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:Cimolestidae
3025:Ukhaatherium
3023:
3018:Uchkudukodon
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2957:
2951:Sahnitherium
2949:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2874:
2863:
2854:Murtoilestes
2852:
2841:
2830:
2819:
2809:
2800:Hyotheridium
2798:
2788:
2777:
2767:
2757:
2747:
2736:
2725:
2715:
2704:
2693:
2654:
2447:
2443:
2419:
2415:
2388:
2377:. Retrieved
2366:
2347:
2341:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2285:
2279:
2254:
2250:
2247:Leptictidium
2246:
2242:
2236:
2226:17 September
2224:. Retrieved
2220:the original
2197:
2193:
2183:
2172:. Retrieved
2168:the original
2163:
2140:. Retrieved
2135:
2111:. Retrieved
2106:
2096:
2085:. Retrieved
2070:
2063:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2016:
2010:
2006:
1976:
1970:
1952:
1948:
1939:
1936:
1927:
1918:
1915:
1906:
1905:Leptictidium
1903:
1894:
1891:
1882:
1864:
1836:
1827:
1808:
1795:Bibliography
1762:Leptictidium
1761:
1750:
1749:In his work
1748:
1729:
1720:
1624:Neurocranium
1262:
1257:
1252:
1231:
1224:
1213:
1203:
1200:Leptictidium
1199:
1193:
1184:Leptictidium
1183:
1180:Heinz Tobien
1165:
1155:
1144:
1131:Bernard Sigé
1126:
1120:
1115:
1062:
1057:
1047:
1034:
1020:Leptictidium
1019:
1016:Upper Ludian
1009:
1004:
982:Leptictidium
981:
963:Heinz Tobien
960:
955:
945:
935:Leptictidium
934:
932:
916:
909:Asiatosuchus
907:
901:
894:
888:
882:
879:Leptictidium
878:
876:
861:volcanically
854:
836:. These two
819:
784:
750:Leptictidium
749:
748:
731:
730:as shown in
725:
722:Leptictidium
721:
692:
669:Leptictidium
668:
653:Leptictidium
652:
646:
637:Leptictidium
636:
624:
621:Leptictidium
620:
616:
613:Leptictidium
612:
608:
604:
598:
591:
589:
581:Leptictidium
580:
577:on four legs
565:Leptictidium
564:
553:Leptictidium
552:
550:
544:
517:
510:
478:Leptictidium
477:
476:
450:
446:Leptictidium
445:
429:Leptictidium
428:
427:
424:Illustration
383:Leptictidium
382:
377:, and small
335:Leptictidium
334:
333:
332:
324:Hooker, 2013
320:
316:Hooker, 2013
312:
308:Hooker, 2013
304:
300:Mathis, 1989
296:
292:Mathis, 1989
289:L. ginsburgi
288:
280:
272:
268:Tobien, 1962
264:
251:Tobien, 1962
246:
237:Type species
230:Tobien, 1962
225:Leptictidium
224:
223:
126:
36:Leptictidium
35:
29:
4511:Wikispecies
4400:Placentalia
4274:Gallolestes
4267:Eozhelestes
4260:Eoungulatum
4231:Aspanlestes
4214:Zhelestidae
4200:Zofialestes
4158:Barunlestes
4151:Anchilestes
4093:Plethorodon
4044:Higotherium
4023:Dysnoetodon
3979:Tillodontia
3900:Huerfanodon
3853:Taeniodonta
3835:Todralestes
3814:Pantolestes
3730:Bouffinomus
3716:Bisonalveus
3709:Bessoecetor
3675:Vulpavoides
3538:Lainoryctes
3524:Aceroryctes
3517:Aaptoryctes
3476:Prodiacodon
3462:Palaeictops
3434:Leptonysson
3399:Gallolestes
3376:Leptictidae
3255:Zeuctherium
3234:Didymoconus
3190:Scollardius
3169:Procerberus
3119:Didelphodus
3004:Kennalestes
2990:Bulaklestes
2959:Wyonycteris
2929:Garatherium
2876:Sinodelphys
2790:Hovurlestes
2769:Endotherium
2738:Cokotherium
2257:(1–6): 37.
1745:Restoration
846:epeiric sea
757:subtropical
530:the largest
486:molar teeth
416:Description
43:50–35
18:Lepticidium
4606:Leptictids
4600:Categories
4409:Afrotheria
4388:Pantodonta
4377:Pantodonta
4356:Zhalmousia
4165:Beleutinus
4144:Alymlestes
4121:Yuesthonyx
4065:Lofochaius
4051:Interogale
4037:Franchaius
3954:Stylinodon
3893:Conoryctes
3821:Pentacodon
3772:Galethylax
3751:Coriphagus
3737:Buxolestes
3702:Aphronorus
3605:Euhookeria
3580:Pantolesta
3566:Pinoryctes
3552:Ottoryctes
3483:Protictops
3469:Praolestes
3406:Ictopidium
3385:Amphigyion
3299:Leptictida
3241:Hunanictis
3227:Ardynictis
3162:Pararyctes
3155:Paleotomus
3112:Cimolestes
3083:Bagalestes
3069:Ambilestes
2983:Asioryctes
2936:Namibiodon
2749:Durlstodon
2727:Bobolestes
2706:Ambolestes
2631:see below↓
2583:Cynodontia
2568:Cynodontia
2523:Subclass:
2379:2008-01-23
2357:0716728826
2319:(1): n/a.
2297:0563537639
2174:2007-12-30
2142:2007-12-30
2113:2007-12-30
2087:2008-01-20
1962:References
1800:In English
1728:Above the
1263:L. tobieni
1258:L. nasutum
1204:L. tobieni
1156:L. tobieni
1154:Fossil of
1127:L. nasutum
1058:L. nasutum
967:lower jaws
933:The genus
921:, and the
918:Lesmesodon
914:hyaenodont
865:Messel pit
850:vegetation
838:continents
834:Tethys Sea
811:45° N
768:geological
736:exhibition
713:Messel pit
693:L. tobieni
683:and small
657:Messel pit
592:L. nasutum
573:locomotion
545:L. nasutum
536:Locomotion
490:leptictids
482:diastemata
406:ecosystems
391:eutherians
387:placentals
363:eutherians
355:bandicoots
321:L. storchi
305:L. listeri
281:L. tobieni
273:L. nasutum
198:Leptictida
129:skeleton,
4423:Xenarthra
4363:Zhelestes
4341:Sorlestes
4253:Borisodon
4245:Azilestes
4172:Kulbeckia
4100:Simplodon
3988:Adapidium
3961:Wortmania
3940:Ectoganus
3800:Pagonomus
3786:Kochictis
3765:Dyspterna
3744:Chadronia
3695:Amaramnis
3668:Spaniella
3661:Sororodon
3654:Pugiodens
3626:Kopidodon
3612:Fratrodon
3455:Ongghonia
3427:Leptictis
3392:Blacktops
3197:Tsaganius
3140:Maelestes
3126:Gelastops
3076:Avunculus
3062:Alveugena
2997:Daulestes
2943:Remiculus
2556:Synapsida
2541:Synapsida
2505:Kingdom:
2422:: 95–108.
2243:Leptictis
2216:129358395
1874:In German
1856:In French
1596:Calcaneus
1270:specimens
1077:vertebrae
969:from the
896:Palaeotis
884:Godinotia
859:was in a
793:from the
780:Paleocene
727:Gastornis
673:omnivores
643:Behaviour
625:Leptictis
617:Leptictis
609:Leptictis
596:leptictid
594:with the
502:dentition
494:premolars
480:had wide
472:fenestrae
465:coccygeal
434:phalanges
410:Oligocene
345:of small
313:L. prouti
161:Kingdom:
155:Eukaryota
4496:Wikidata
4311:Oxlestes
4296:Lainodon
4223:Alostera
4114:Trogosus
4107:Tillodon
4030:Esthonyx
4002:Basalina
3995:Azygonyx
3828:Thelysia
3633:Merialus
3598:Dulcidon
3545:Nuryctes
3531:Eoryctes
3420:Lainodon
3358:Phakodon
3324:Sikuomys
3148:Naranius
3098:Betonnia
3055:Acmeodon
2914:Bustylus
2821:Juramaia
2678:Eutheria
2656:Eutheria
2622:Eutheria
2610:Mammalia
2595:Mammalia
2519:Mammalia
2513:Chordata
2511:Phylum:
2507:Animalia
2489:Eutheria
2450:: 33–64.
1753:(1989),
1299:HLMD Me
1294:HLMD Me
1196:mandible
1188:holotype
1176:Lutetian
1101:holotype
1089:premolar
986:premolar
975:paratype
971:Lutetian
787:Cenozoic
754:European
689:holotype
631:and the
561:kangaroo
506:mandible
455:and the
297:L. sigei
257:Species
204:Family:
185:Mammalia
175:Chordata
171:Phylum:
165:Animalia
151:Domain:
4570:4943500
4557:1211788
4544:4834535
4531:4528449
4502:Q477725
4009:Benaius
3090:Batodon
2907:Afrodon
2517:Class:
2321:Bibcode
2259:Bibcode
1400:Humerus
1312:Cranium
1289:LNK Me
1284:SMF ME
1274:LNK Me
1248:species
1216:fossils
1158:at the
1081:mammals
998:Auderia
939:species
929:Species
857:Germany
815:tropics
797:to the
795:equator
762:of the
760:forests
703:Habitat
685:mammals
681:lizards
677:insects
665:stomach
661:Germany
649:fossils
557:bipedal
526:Germany
498:canines
379:mammals
371:lizards
367:insects
351:bilbies
347:mammals
340:extinct
217:Genus:
191:Order:
181:Class:
125:Fossil
3723:Bogdia
2779:Eomaia
2525:Theria
2354:
2294:
2214:
2078:
1983:
1843:
1815:
1755:French
1660:below
1568:Fibula
1484:Pelvis
1456:Radius
1376:(340)
1331:101.1
1306:M1475
1301:8011a
1227:Quercy
1135:French
1123:France
1087:. Its
1028:French
1014:), in
1012:France
990:molars
912:, the
824:, the
822:Europe
789:; the
764:Eocene
744:London
709:Eocene
697:leaves
687:. The
633:fibula
627:, the
547:fossil
522:Messel
469:muscle
461:pelvis
453:ankles
403:forest
399:Europe
395:Eocene
357:, and
338:is an
4583:40267
4552:IRMNG
3793:Oboia
3490:Wania
3413:Labes
2412:(PDF)
2212:S2CID
2109:. BBC
1715:28.5
1712:29.2
1709:23.0
1706:23.3
1703:20.8
1697:14.3
1654:lower
1647:42.5
1644:42.2
1641:37.5
1638:39.3
1635:38.7
1632:31.6
1629:33.0
1618:25.4
1615:26.7
1609:25.2
1606:25.3
1603:22.6
1600:22.3
1587:86.6
1581:72.3
1578:75.2
1575:58.7
1572:57.4
1562:90.5
1559:91.6
1556:80.1
1553:79.0
1550:79.7
1547:66.3
1544:64.4
1540:Tibia
1534:(82)
1531:84.8
1528:75.1
1525:71.5
1522:75.3
1519:57.5
1516:54.2
1512:Femur
1506:(82)
1503:85.7
1497:77.1
1494:77.8
1491:56.5
1488:54.5
1478:36.2
1475:37.0
1472:33.2
1469:31.1
1466:31.7
1463:23.9
1460:21.5
1447:51.2
1444:45.3
1441:44.2
1438:45.6
1435:31.8
1432:29.4
1422:46.6
1419:45.7
1416:43.1
1413:41.9
1410:41.9
1407:32.3
1404:31.8
1344:torso
1328:88.6
1325:89.8
1322:88.2
1319:67.2
1316:67.4
1296:8059
1286:1143
1281:78/1
1276:418a
1093:molar
1041:ParĂs
994:Roman
979:genus
799:poles
776:fauna
671:were
629:tibia
528:) is
520:from
375:frogs
343:genus
4539:GBIF
4386:see
2608:see
2581:see
2554:see
2352:ISBN
2292:ISBN
2228:2022
2076:ISBN
1981:ISBN
1841:ISBN
1813:ISBN
1684:9.5
1681:9.0
1678:6.4
1675:6.6
1672:6.9
1669:5.6
1666:5.7
1428:Ulna
1391:500
1388:454
1385:445
1382:450
1379:375
1372:Tail
1363:375
1360:328
1357:295
1354:300
1351:215
1348:220
1340:Head
1291:576
1279:SMF
1170:and
1097:nose
1091:and
1067:and
844:(an
830:Asia
724:and
711:and
611:and
451:The
51:Preęž’
4526:EoL
2420:252
2329:doi
2267:doi
2255:278
2202:doi
1781:P4;
1726:†â€
1694:†â€
1658:jaw
1107:in
1039:in
900:or
738:in
734:on
691:of
659:in
635:of
4602::
4580::
4567::
4554::
4541::
4528::
4513::
4498::
2448:11
2446:.
2428:^
2418:.
2414:.
2397:^
2327:.
2317:18
2315:.
2265:.
2253:.
2210:.
2198:57
2196:.
2192:.
2162:.
2151:^
2134:.
2122:^
2105:.
2055:91
2025:^
2017:66
1995:^
1721:â€
1700:-
1662:M2
1626:â€
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1590:-
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1500:-
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1236:.
1229:.
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1140:.
1133:,
1111:.
1043:.
1026:,
1000:.
925:.
893:,
887:,
869:CO
852:.
782:.
742:,
679:,
603:.
516:.
412:.
381:.
373:,
369:,
353:,
101:Pg
45:Ma
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2269::
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2230:.
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2177:.
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2116:.
2090:.
2019:.
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1821:.
1732:.
1342:+
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898:,
871:2
524:(
244:â€
221:â€
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106:N
96:K
91:J
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81:P
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