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the blood that passes through the walls of the intestines. Unlike the case of the channids and anabantids, the air is not expelled through the mouth or gills, but via the anus. This enables them to survive in very poorly oxygenated water although in Sri Lanka, by and large, they occur in habitats that do not require this facility and are not generally considered as “air breathers”. The loaches are small, eel-like or worm-like fish, often attractively colored. They have (often rudimentary) cycloid scales and three pairs of barbells. Mature males in many species have highly modified pectoral fins (Roberts, 1989). Little is known about the breeding habits of the members of this family
Cobitidae and only a few species have been bred in captivity to date.
68:
43:
222:. The species was first recorded from the Wilpita area (Daraniyagala 1952). It is currently known from 12 locations in the wet zone including Beraliya, Dombagaskandha, Madakada, Gilimale, Hiyare, Kottawa, Kanneliya, Weddagala, Nakiyadeniya, Pahiyangala and Boralugoda. It is recorded from a wide range of altitudes. Due to its restricted range and the threats to its habitat Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi, is listed as an
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Very little is known of the biology of this species. It has been recorded by
Pethiyagoda only from its type locality in Wilpita, Akuressa. This stream traverses through thick forest with dense undergrowth. The stream is very shallow and the substrate is entirely of fallen leaves and silt. The flow of
247:
have a sharp, erectile spine on their cheeks. In some species the spine is sharp enough to puncture easily one's hand during handling of the live fish. However, it is not venomous or harmful. These fish have an ancillary respiratory mechanism where they swallow air, which is then used to oxygenate
401:
Most of factors that have pushed the species towards extinction are interrelated with each other, such as habitat degradation. Due to the changes in land use pattern with increased human population, forest cover of Sri Lanka has reduced from 70% to about 22% of its land area during the twentieth
381:
There are only 12 site records for this species to date; it's elevated between highest 1000 feet at
Gilimale and lowest 350 feet at Hiyare, which belongs to southern-west wet zone in Sri Lanka. Diminutive is known about the biology and ecology of this species. This so even more important as the
377:
is
Wilpita Estate near Akuressa in the southern wet zone of Sri Lanka, 500m above sea level. Since then Pethiyagoda reported four additional localities of this species. This species was named in 1956 by Deraniyagala and in 1963 it was reconfirmed by De Silva presenting sufficient data.
336:
Daraniyagala 1956, and De Silva 1963, observed that the last pectoral fin ray was ossified in some specimens, but did not consider this as a secondary sexual character. However, it is in fact present only in males and can therefore be used to differentiate between males and females.
588:
Bambaradeniya, C.N.B., Perera, M.S.J., Perera, W.P.N., Wickramasinghe, L.J.M., Kekulandala, L.D.C.B., Samarawickrama, V.A.P., Fernando, R.H.S.S., & Samarawickrama, V.A.M.P.K. (2003); Composition of faunal species in the
Sinharaja World Heritage Site in Sri Lanka; The Sri Lanka
614:
Gamage, S. N., Liyanage, W. K. D. D., Gunawardena, A. & Wimalasuriya, S. ; 2006; Vertebrate diversity in a thirty year old analogue forest in
Pitigala, Elpitiya, in the Galle District of Southern Sri Lanka; RUHUNA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, Faculty of Science, University of
633:
Jayaneththi, H. B. & Madurapperuma P. L., (2004); A new record of
Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi Daraniyagala, 1956 (Cobitidae; Cypriniformes) from Pahiyangala, Kalu River basin., SRI LANKA NATURALIST, JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY AND NATURE, Young Zoologist's Association of Sri
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century (anon. 1991). Deforestation, improper cultivation practices in upper catchment areas of drainage basins of rivers and gem mining cause heavy siltation in streams and rivers. Further, as a result of deforestation the shade that is much needed by
382:
species has already begun to disappear from number of its recorded locations and soon will be threatened with extinction. Therefore, the sooner the habitats are restored and protected the better to ensure the long-term survival of the species.
262:
is found in Sri Lanka. Jayaram (1981) reports that at least six other species occur in the north-eastern part of India (Assam to Burma). Tilak & Hussain (1981) have written a review on the systematics of the Indian members of the genus.
598:
Chamikara S.S. (2003); Dombagas kanda mathsya vividatwaya ha warthamana thtwaya (The diversity of freshwater fishes of
Dombagas kanda and present status). Parisara sangrahaya (May–June) The Society for Environmental Education; Unpublished
584:
Bambaradeniya, C.N.B. (2003); An overview of the flora and fauna of the
Kanneliya- Dediyagala-Nakiyadeniya forest Complex- A Proposed Biosphere Reserve in Sri Lanka; Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri
621:
Havird, J. C. and Page, L. M. ; 2010; A Revision of
Lepidocephalichthys (Teleostei: Cobitidae) with Descriptions of Two New Species from Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Myanmar; Copeia online publication
658:
Senanayake, F. R. (1980); The biogeography and ecology of the inland fishes of Sri Lanka, (unpublished; Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Wildlife & fisheries biology, University of California, Davis.
394:(Deraniyagala, 1956) is listed in the Endangered category. In the previous redlist published in 2002 it was listed as Endangered as well. In the 1999 red list it has been listed as Threatened species.
611:
Ekaratne, K., Fernando, R.H.S.S., De silva, S., Bambaradeniya, C.N.B., De silva, D., (2003); A Comparison of the Conservation and Legal Status of the Fauna and Flora of Sri Lanka, IUCN Sri Lanka.
226:. The species has already begun to disappear from some of the sites mentioned above due to destruction and fragmentation of its habitat and many other threats that are operating on the species.
354:
water in the stream is very slow, in terms of volume perhaps only several litres per minute. The fish are not visible from the surface, being always concealed beneath leaf debris in the water.
293:
by thinner, more irregularly spaced dark side bars, dorsal-fin origin anterior (vs. posterior) to pelvic-fin origin, and larger size (to 45 vs. 33 mm SL), (Havird & Page 2010).
602:
Chamikara S.S. (2003); Fish diversity and present status of wet forests in Pahiyangala, Weligalpotta and Horanekanda; The Society for Environmental studies. Unpublished report.
618:
Gerhard, H. F. & Hans-jurgen, (2003- Unbublished); A new record of Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi (Daraniyagala, 1956) (Teleostei; Cypriniformes, Cobitidae); (Unpublished).
563:
Amarasinghe, U. S.; Shirantha, R. R. A. R.; Wijeyaratne, M. J. S. (2006). "Some aspects of ecology of endemic freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka". In Bambaradeniya, C.N.B. (ed.).
406:(Pethiyagoda 1991) has been lost. These threats should be minimized through appropriate strategies in order to ensure the survival of this endemic freshwater fish.
885:
667:
Wildlife conservation society (2008); the study of the faunal diversity in Galle district, southern Sri Lanka, Wildlife conservation society, Galle Sri Lanka.
661:
Senanayake, F. R. (1987) ; A checklist of the freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka, Loris, Journal of the wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka.
643:
Ministry of forestry & environment (2000); Statistical compendium on natural resources management Sri Lanka-2000, Ministry of forestry & environment.
592:
Chamikara S.S. (2001); fauna diversity of Beraliya-Mookalana- Pituwala; Ministry of Environment, The Society for Environmental Education; Unpublished report.
652:
Pethiyagoda, R., (2006); Conservation of Sri Lankan Freshwater Fishes; The Fauna of Sri Lanka Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation, IUCN Sri Lanka.
304:
are not very closely related. They are easily differentiated by body shape and proportions, colour pattern, and form of sexual dimorphism that is unique to
655:
Ranasinghe, P. N. & Rathnayayake, A.,(1992); Fauna and Flora of Dombagaskanda forest and its conservation, Young Zoologist's Association of Sri Lanka.
624:
Herath, T. & Jayasinghe, H., (2005); Diversity of freshwater fish species of Pahiyangala & Yatagampitiya Proposed Reserve area; (Unpublished).
230:
649:
Pethiyagoda, R., (2000) ; The fauna and flora protection ordinance; Loris, Journal of the wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka.
289:
by vertically elongated, dark spots on side that form irregular, thin bars (vs. round spots that sometimes form squares or thin stripe), and from
785:
640:
Manamendra-Arachchi, K. N. (1987) ; The Loaches of Sri Lanka, Loris, Journal of the wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka.
504:
664:
Senanayake, F. R., Soule, M., & Senner, J. W. (1977); Habitat values and endemicty in the vanishing rain forests of Sri Lanka, Nature.
637:
Jayaweera, S. & Herath, T., (2009); Biodiversity Report- Boralugoda, Organisation for Aquatic Resours Management (OARM) (Unpublished).
595:
Chamikara S.S. (2002); The diversity of freshwater fishes and current status. The Society for Environmental Education; Unpublished report.
865:
605:
Daraniyagala, P.E.P., (1952); A colored atlas of some vertebrates from Ceylon, volume one, Fishes, Ceylon national museums, Colombo.
554:
Daraniyagala, P.E.P., (1952); A colored atlas of some vertebrates from Ceylon, volume one, Fishes, Ceylon national museums, Colombo.
759:
417:
is too rare to be of value to the aquarium fish trade which, in any case, exports large numbers of the superficially very similar
798:
608:
De Silva, M.P. (1998); Biodiversity in the catchments of Hiyare Reservoir; Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Forestry Symposium 1996.
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The sides are yellow, darkening dorsally, and are mottled with several chaotically arranged, large spots.
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233:(1925–1989), a Sri Lankan diver who was an underwater photographer and also a zoo administrator.
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by broad regularly spaced dark bars (vs. reticulations, spots, or stripe) on caudal fin, from
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572:. The World Conservation Union, Sri Lanka and the Government of Sri Lanka. pp. 113–124.
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8:
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32:
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870:
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IUCN, (2007); The 2007 list of threatened fauna and flora of Sri Lanka, IUCN Sri Lanka.
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IUCN, (2000); The 1999 list of threatened fauna and flora of Sri Lanka, IUCN Sri Lanka.
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Pethiyagoda, R., (1991); Fresh water fishes of Sri Lanka; WHT publications, Colombo.
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was originally described in 1952 by PEP Daraniyagala as member of the genus
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Breeding of this has not observed either in the wild or captive conditions.
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According to the 2007 red list of threatened fauna and flora of Sri Lanka,
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is listed as protected fish, by the fauna and flora protection ordinance.
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530:"Order CYPRINIFORMES: Families BOTIIDAE, VAILLANTELLIDAE and COBITIDAE"
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The Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation
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L. thermalis, L. arunachalensis, L. coromandelensis, and L. berdmorei
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owing to its distinctive colour pattern and robust, tubular body.
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L. guntea, L. hasselti, L. tomaculum, L. alkaia, and L. annandalei
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Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (22 September 2018).
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Fernado, M.; Kotagama, O.; de Alwis Goonatilake, S. (2019).
218:, is an endemic fish species restricted to the wet zone of
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http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2010/f/zt02557p018.pdf
489:
Pethiyagoda R (1991) Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka
277:by rounded/truncated (vs. forked) caudal fin, from
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L. micropogon, L. manipurensis, and L. goalparensis
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534:The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database
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886:Taxa named by Paulus Edward Pieris Deraniyagala
463:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T11532A150838836.en
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536:. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara
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415:Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi
404:Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi
392:Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi
312:is significantly longer than
267:Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi
259:Lepidocephalichthys thermalis
252:Related species and diagnosis
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207:Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi
172:Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi
25:Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi
876:Freshwater fish of Sri Lanka
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332:Secondary sexual characters
296:The two Sri Lankan species
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881:Endemic fauna of Sri Lanka
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308:. Further, a mature adult
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349:Habitat and microhabitats
279:L. irrorata and L. kranos
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63:Scientific classification
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517:. February 2019 version.
503:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
891:Fish described in 1956
456:: e.T11532A150838836.
269:is distinguished from
241:Members of the genus
386:Conservation status
371:Lepidocephalichthys
244:Lepidocephalichthys
141:Lepidocephalichthys
33:Conservation status
229:Named in honor of
224:Endangered species
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860:Categories
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237:Morphology
48:Endangered
871:Cobitidae
589:Forester.
302:thermalis
220:Sri Lanka
148:Species:
130:Cobitidae
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80:Eukaryota
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747:FishBase
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514:FishBase
189:Synonyms
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100:Chordata
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53:IUCN 3.1
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712:Q307079
615:Ruhuna.
599:report.
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106:Class:
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469:29 May
300:and L.
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570:(PDF)
256:Also
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
