135:
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447:, an agricultural expert, for the expedition. Petty-Fitzmaurice wrote that in Kessler, he saw a "coolness and calmness" he admired, and that "because of his composure, I like Kessler very well as the leader" of the expedition. Herzl instructed Kessler to return with a report on the feasibility of settling El Arish. With that report, he hoped to obtain the charter.
581:, Kessler provided most of the funding. The acquisition changed the direction of the newspaper, which had been anti-Zionist but became very supportive of the cause. Kessler became director and later chairman of the board. The newspaper's support for Zionism was helpful in the 1917 battle to obtain the
371:
to remove the obstacles preventing Jewish immigration to
Palestine. Kessler declared that "optimism, Jewish energy, endurance and intellect, combined with a steady immigration into the country, would lead to the factual recognition of the historical claims of the Jews to Palestine". Herzl, however,
563:, an old friend of Kessler's from South Africa. At the request of Kessler and other delegates, Cowen accepted the presidency. Kessler remained on the executive committee. On 11 February 1917 Weizmann was elected president of the EZF, and Cowen joined Kessler on the executive committee.
566:
In 1918, the EZF published a 20-page brochure, "History and
Development of Jewish Colonisation in Palestine", written by Kessler. He wrote that a Jewish Palestine with a population drawn from all countries would be "the ideal which all nations profess to have made their own".
555:(EZF) was leaderless and on the verge of disintegration. In February 1912, Kessler became its president because he was not personally involved in the controversies surrounding its leadership. He opened the EZF's conference on 1 June 1913 by welcoming the appointment of a new
508:
for Jewish colonisation. There was enthusiasm for the proposal at the Sixth
Zionist Congress, which voted by a large margin to set up a commission to investigate the possibilities of the territory. Kessler led the nine elected members of the commission, including Warburg,
486:. The Egyptian government, calculating that the plan would require five times the amount of water Stephens had estimated, turned down the proposal. Kessler, in a supplementary report, stressed that colonisation could be carried out without Nile waters (by damming
379:
and attended the Fifth
Zionist Congress in 1901. There, he was appointed secretary and became a member of the Colonization Commission. By this time, Herzl regarded Kessler as a friend and counsellor. When Herzl outlined his plan for obtaining a charter from the
481:
The team toured the area from 11 February to 25 March 1903. The report signed by
Kessler and the other members concluded that the project depended on water supply and, therefore, that the Egyptian government should give permission to divert some water from the
531:
Herzl’s death and the heated debate about Uganda delayed the departure of the expedition until
December 1904. As Kessler had predicted, the report was discouraging, and the 7th Zionist Congress in 1905 turned down any colonisation site but Palestine.
344:, where Jews from all over the world had rallied to Herzl’s call. Kessler was "greeted with enthusiastic applause" after presenting practical ideas for the Congress's Finance Commission, and was elected a member of the Greater Actions Committee.
678:
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548:. Kessler thanked Wolffsohn for his dedication and proposed a vote of confidence in him. The opposition promptly brought forward a motion of censure, but Kessler’s proposal was accepted by an overwhelming majority.
528:. For that reason, he argued that the project should be handed over to the Jewish Colonisation Association (founded by Maurice de Hirsch), whilst the Zionist Organisation should concentrate only on Palestine.
490:, sinking wells, etc.), and Stephens reiterated his calculations with fresh evidence, but permission was once more refused. Kessler and Goldsmid then pursued futile political discussions with Egypt.
432:
Zionist, appealed to
Kessler: "I know of no-one who could equal you and your knowledge for our expedition. It is therefore your duty, as a loyal comrade, to make the almost impossible, possible."
351:, where he stayed for several months, looking at the geographical, agricultural, and political conditions of the area. He prepared a detailed report for Herzl on the prospects of discovering
478:; H. Stephens, an engineer, to investigate water problems; and a representative of the Egyptian government. Kessler himself was chief of the expedition, treasurer, and geological expert.
297:
before returning to
Freiberg to complete his studies. Afterward, he left Germany, because he no longer wanted to live in a country where Jews were treated as second-class citizens.
450:
In a letter dated 28 January 1902 Herzl authorised
Kessler’s leadership of the expedition and laid out his role and responsibilities. Other members of the expedition included
524:
Kessler’s correspondence with Herzl and
Warburg shows that Kessler was convinced that without Jewish enthusiasm, it would be impossible to establish a Jewish state in
458:, a physician to the Jewish colonies in Palestine. Kessler had become friendly with these men during his visit to Palestine in 1900. Also on the team were Marmorek;
615:
Despite the influence Kessler had on the creation of the modern state of Israel, no street in Israel bears his name. However, a girls' school built in 1969 in
521:. On 27 September 1903 he wrote to Herzl that he considered it almost "hopeless to attempt to establish a purely European colony in the heart of Africa".
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Leopold Kessler was born on 4 February 1864, into a family that had been settled for some 250 years in
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and because he did not agree with his fellow members' drinking and brawling. He spent a year at the
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and became its chairman. He was elected to the board of the Jewish Colonial Trust, which became
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392:, Kessler offered to secure that support. However, Rhodes died soon afterward, in March 1902.
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was of the opinion that mass migration should only occur once a charter had been agreed upon.
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At the Ninth Zionist Congress in 1909, Weizmann and others attempted to depose
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Herzl received a document about El Arish from the British foreign secretary,
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Kessler wrote in his unfinished autobiography that when he read the booklet "
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in 1892–93; Emile Laurent, a professor at the Agricultural Institute at
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In October 1902, Herzl met with the British colonial secretary,
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for Jewish colonisation. This would lead, years later, to the
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When L.J. Greenberg decided, with some friends, to acquire
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A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time
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Center for Jewish History • 15 West 16th Street New York
439:, and noted in his diary that it suggested Marmorek, an
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AJR Information, Volume XXIV, Volume 12, December 1969
384:, which required the financial and moral support of
367:
newspaper and argued that Herzl should petition the
340:, for the first time. He caused a stir at the Third
332:and became one of the earliest Zionist pioneers in
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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184:Freiberg University of Mining and Technology
861:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
804:"ORT SCHOOL NAMED AFTER LEOPOLD KESSLER".
612:a little over four years after his death.
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604:At the end of his life, Kessler lived in
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111:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Engineer, newspaper publisher and Zionist
588:Kessler was present at the birth of the
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347:In 1900, he made an exploratory trip to
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638:"Biographical Notes on Leopold Kessler"
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312:to become general manager of a mine.
751:. Zionist Federation. Archived from
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139:Leopold Kessler in Africa, May 1892
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677:Frankel, Josef (January 1944).
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363:. He suggested publishing an
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308:before going in 1896 to the
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964:People from Tarnowskie Góry
851:. Vol. 2 vols. London.
840:An Incomplete Autobiography
664:An Unfinished Autobiography
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909:Leopold Kessler Collection
870:Sachar, Howard M. (1976).
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775:"JNF - Origin and History"
553:English Zionist Federation
536:English Zionist Federation
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275:Mining Academy in Freiberg
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470:’s Jewish colonies in
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291:Royal School of Mines
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847:Sokolow, N. (1919).
808:: 11. December 1969.
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590:Jewish National Fund
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546:Zionist Organization
544:as president of the
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969:People from Gliwice
725:"Leopold Kessler".
705:Jewish Encyclopedia
583:Balfour Declaration
422:Balfour Declaration
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222:(1864–1944) was an
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849:History of Zionism
838:Kessler, Leopold.
785:on 9 November 2014
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681:. Jewish Chronicle
410:Joseph Chamberlain
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404:The El Arish team.
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557:chief rabbi
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923:Categories
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623:References
594:Bank Leumi
242:Early life
171:1944-01-04
71:newspapers
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701:"Zionism"
472:Argentina
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310:Transvaal
268:Tarnowitz
208:Parent(s)
727:Die Welt
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324:" by
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359:and
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264:Jews
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