481:
299:
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The ears are fleshy, moderately sized, and pendant-shaped, with sufficient substance to hang close to the skull and drop the tip of the ears level with the inside corners of the mouth. The
Leonberger's ears rise from halfway between the eye and the top of the skull to level with the top of the skull. Though level bites and slight anomalies not affecting the robustness of the lower jaw are common, the ideal Leonberger possesses a strong scissor bite with full dentition.
29:
316:
self-disciplined when obliging its family or property with protection. Robust, loyal, intelligent, playful, and kindly, they can thus be taken anywhere without difficulty and adjust easily to a variety of circumstances, including the introduction of other dogs. Proper control and early socialization and training are essential, as this is a giant breed.
222:
1401:
Minor, K. M.; Letko, A.; Becker, D.; Drögemüller, M.; Mandigers, P. J. J.; Bellekom, S. R.; Leegwater, P. A. J.; Stassen, Q. E. M.; Putschbach, K.; Fischer, A.; Flegel, T.; Matiasek, K.; Ekenstedt, K. J.; Furrow, E.; Patterson, E. E.; Platt, S. R.; Kelly, P. A.; Cassidy, J. P.; Shelton, G. D.; Lucot,
1359:
Letko, Anna; Minor, Katie M.; Friedenberg, Steven G.; Shelton, G. Diane; Salvador, Jill
Pesayco; Mandigers, Paul J. J.; Leegwater, Peter A. J.; Winkler, Paige A.; Petersen-Jones, Simon M.; Stanley, Bryden J.; Ekenstedt, Kari J.; Johnson, Gary S.; Hansen, Liz; Jagannathan, Vidhya; Mickelson, James R.;
575:
when, again, almost all
Leonbergers were lost. During the two world wars, Leonbergers were used to pull the ammunition carts, a service to the breed's country that resulted in the Leonbergers' near-destruction. Karl Stadelmann and Otto Josenhans are credited as the breed's saviors, bringing them back
570:
The modern look of the
Leonberger, with darker coats and black masks, was developed during the latter part of the 20th century by reintroducing other breeds, such as the Newfoundland. This was necessary because breeding stocks of the Leonberger were seriously affected by the two world wars. Only five
276:
The head is well balanced in proportion to the size of the dog and is deeper than broad with the length of muzzle and the length of skull roughly equal. With close-fitting eyelids, the eyes are set into the skull upon a slight oblique; the eyes are medium-sized, almond-shaped, and colored dark brown.
285:
Both a necessity for work and a defining attribute of the breed, the
Leonberger has a dense water-resistant long double coat on the body that is complemented by the shorter, fine hair on the muzzle and limbs. The long, profuse, outer coat is durable, relatively straight, lies flat, and fits close. A
566:
by Vero Shaw (at p. 488) in 1881. At the time, Essig's
Leonbergers were denounced as an indifferent knockoff of a St. Bernard—not a stable and recognized breed—and a product of a popular fad or fashion for large and strong dogs, fomented in part by Essig's prodigious marketing skills (he gave
315:
First and foremost a family dog, the
Leonberger's temperament is one of its most important and distinguishing characteristics. Well socialized and trained, the Leonberger is self-assured, insensitive to noise, submissive to family members, friendly toward children, well composed with passersby, and
306:
Several coat colours are acceptable, including all combinations of lion-yellow, red, red-brown, and sand. Nose leather, foot pads, and lips should always be black. Faulty colours include brown with brown nose leather, black and tan, black, white, or silver, and eyes without any brown. A small patch
259:
Capable of demanding work, the
Leonberger is a dog of ample substance. Its frame is supported with well-muscled, medium to heavy bone in direct proportion to its size. A roomy chest is sufficiently broad and deep for the purpose of work. Seen in profile, the chest curves inward from the prosternum,
524:
was added, resulting in very large dogs with the long, white coats that were the fashion for the time, and a pleasant temperament. The first dogs registered as
Leonbergers were born in 1846 and had many of the prized qualities of the breeds from which they were derived. The legend is that the dogs
1156:
Krontveit, Randi I.; Nødtvedt, Ane; Sævik, Bente K.; Ropstad, Erik; Trangerud, Cathrine (2012). "Housing- and exercise-related risk factors associated with the development of hip dysplasia as determined by radiographic evaluation in a prospective cohort of
Newfoundlands, Labrador Retrievers,
579:
Traditionally, Leonbergers were kept as farm dogs and were much praised for their abilities in watchdog and draft work. They were frequently seen pulling carts around the villages of Bavaria and surrounding districts. Around the beginning of the 20th century, Leonbergers were imported by the
286:
mature, masculine Leonberger exhibits a pronounced mane. Similarly, his tail is very well furnished from the tip to the base where it blends harmoniously with the breech's furnishings. Climate permitting, his undercoat is soft and dense. Apart from a
343:. A 2015 French study found a life expectancy of 8.75 years. A 2005 Swedish study of insurance data found 74% of Leonbergers died by the age of 10, higher than the overall rate of 35% of dogs dying by the age of 10.
561:
family describe similar dogs used to deter the theft of livestock. Either way, no doubt exists that Essig named and registered the breed first. A black-and-white engraving of the Leonberger was included in
1248:
Ekenstedt, Kari J.; Becker, Doreen; Minor, Katie M.; Shelton, G. Diane; Patterson, Edward E.; Bley, Tim; Oevermann, Anna; Bilzer, Thomas; Leeb, Tosso; Drögemüller, Cord; Mickelson, James R. (2014-10-02).
350:
of 0.29 with just 22 founding dogs. From 1989 to 2004 the life expectancy dropped from 9.4 years to 7.7 years. Almost half suffered from at least one health condition and 21.5% suffered from
597:
557:. Essig's claim of breeding the dog as described is disputed. Records from as early as 1585 may indicate the existence of Leonberger-type dogs; documents dating from 1601 held by the
1308:
Becker, Doreen; Minor, Katie M.; Letko, Anna; Ekenstedt, Kari J.; Jagannathan, Vidhya; Leeb, Tosso; Shelton, G. Diane; Mickelson, James R.; Drögemüller, Cord (December 2017).
1544:
1206:
1402:
K.; Bannasch, D. L.; Martineau, H.; Muir, C. F.; Priestnall, S. L.; Henke, D.; Oevermann, A.; Jagannathan, V.; Mickelson, J. R.; Drögemüller, C. (11 April 2018).
2243:
193:; the Leonberger is a large, muscular, and elegant dog with balanced body type, medium temperament, and dramatic presence. The head is adorned with a striking
981:
320:
1459:
O’Neill, Dan G.; Edmunds, Grace L.; Urquhart-Gilmore, Jade; Church, David B.; Rutherford, Lynda; Smalley, Matthew J.; Brodbelt, Dave C. (2023-06-27).
2531:
1035:"Mortality in over 350,000 Insured Swedish Dogs from 1995–2000: II. Breed-Specific Age and Survival Patterns and Relative Risk for Causes of Death"
197:
and projects the breed's distinct expression of intelligence, pride, and kindliness. Remaining true to their early roots as a capable family and
2006:
406:
A study found a high prevalence of neurological conditions in the Leonberger, which is likely due in large part to limited genetic diversity.
209:
breed, the Leonberger possesses either a strongly masculine or elegantly feminine form, making gender immediately discernible. The breed has
2890:
205:(particularly water), the surprisingly agile Leonberger is sound and coordinated, with both strength in bearing and elegance in movement. A
2029:
1839:
323:. Only a short period of training it needed to augment its natural instincts." Its double-layered waterproof coat traps air and aids in
2185:
1097:
Letko, Anna; Minor, Katie M.; Jagannathan, Vidhya; Seefried, Franz R.; Mickelson, James R.; Oliehoek, Pieter; Drögemüller, Cord (2020).
3237:
1686:
125:
1914:
2404:. Multilingual (English, German, French, Dutch) trilogy on the history of the Leonberger dog (1846–1948) (Independent Leo Gazette)
533:
and coat-of-arms animal of Leonberg, the lion. The Leonberger dog became popular with several European royal households, including
915:
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (2024-02-01).
2467:
1251:"An ARHGEF10 Deletion Is Highly Associated with a Juvenile-Onset Inherited Polyneuropathy in Leonberger and Saint Bernard Dogs"
686:
113:
2572:
2446:
2425:
2409:
2331:
2320:
2297:
2278:
2251:
2219:
2125:
2070:
1961:
1670:
1580:
876:
629:
339:
A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 10 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for
2139:
2089:
1635:
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from almost extinction. Leonbergers today can have their ancestry traced to the eight dogs that survived World War II.
2113:
1756:
2883:
820:
3252:
2397:
1606:
901:
3134:
753:
3078:
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1949:
Farm Dogs: A Comprehensive Breed Guide to 93 Guardians, Herders, Terriers and other canine working partners
538:
3139:
2965:
3005:
2980:
2955:
2641:
2636:
668:
3218:= Descended from and closely related to livestock guardian dogs, but traditionally used in other roles
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2651:
2631:
2565:
2056:
1792:
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2671:
2656:
509:
444:
Another disease described in the breed is the juvenile-onset leukoencephalomyelopathy caused by an
2436:
1610:
2970:
2699:
2613:
2598:
2503:
2348:
2173:
2062:
1900:
1690:
290:
of the feet, the Leonberger is presented untrimmed. These dogs are ill-suited to hot climates.
3177:
3157:
2975:
2935:
2899:
989:
387:
375:
367:
347:
2193:
1947:
3124:
2950:
1549:
1362:"A CNTNAP1 Missense Variant Is Associated with Canine Laryngeal Paralysis and Polyneuropathy"
521:
358:
and neurological at 15.8% and 14.8% respectively. The most common individual conditions were
202:
472:
found the Leonberger to have the second highest rate, at 1.48%, compared to 0.037% overall.
95:
Yellow, red, reddish brown or sandy including all combinations in between, with a black mask
3104:
2990:
2945:
2558:
1799:
1415:
1200:
Barnett, Keith C.; Featherstone, Heidi J.; Heinrich, Christine L.; Lakhani, Ken H. (2006).
928:
757:
696:
604:
550:
684:
Three Leonberger dogs (one was a female, and two males) played the main character Buck in
652:
series of children's books, Murphy is a Leonberger puppy whose special skill is swimming.
497:
169:
8:
3247:
3242:
3129:
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2776:
2727:
1870:
1600:
812:
558:
445:
434:
418:
130:
1495:
1461:"Dog breeds and conformations predisposed to osteosarcoma in the UK: a VetCompass study"
1460:
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932:
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2077:
Suitable for: 5-7 boys and girls. Fans of Holly Webb and Andrew Cope's Spy Pups series
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206:
287:
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2215:
2066:
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1957:
1844:
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1734:
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816:
546:
517:
2826:
2387:(in German) (revised ed.). Veriagsgesellschaft: Rudolf Muller, Koln-Braunsfeld.
1018:
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have been described in the Leonberger. A study concluded the most likely causes are
3187:
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1931:
1849:
1712:
1490:
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1215:
1201:
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998:
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530:
708:. The breed chosen in this movie was not the one identified as Buck in the novel.
480:
468:. A study in the UK of more than 900,000 dogs looking at the annual prevalence of
118:
3192:
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3084:
3025:
2806:
2796:
2694:
2401:
2270:
1267:
542:
461:
371:
221:
194:
1984:
1310:"A GJA9 frameshift variant is associated with polyneuropathy in Leonberger dogs"
681:'s Inspector Sejer series, the title character has a Leonberger named Kollberg.
500:, Germany, claimed to have created the Leonberger by crossing a female Landseer
488:
In the 1830s, Heinrich Essig, a dog breeder and seller and mayor of the town of
3109:
3045:
3035:
3010:
2750:
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2335:
2292:(in Czech). Vol. 37. Komenshého, Czech Republic: Dona Press. p. 370.
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1427:
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940:
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recognition as a member of the Working Group on January 1, 2010, alongside the
414:
363:
3162:
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1887:
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886:
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A study in the UK identified cataracts in 90 out of 211 Leonbergers surveyed.
3231:
2940:
2857:
2745:
2608:
2484:
2364:
Pfaumer, Sharon (July 1996). "The Leonberger, the golden-hearted lion dog".
1771:
1486:
1276:
1178:
1124:
1060:
1051:
948:
2462:
1821:
Pfaumer, Sharon (July 1996). "The Leonberger, the golden-hearted lion dog".
3167:
3066:
2801:
2666:
2603:
1953:
1504:
1445:
1387:
1345:
1294:
1227:
1186:
1142:
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1010:
966:
811:. Nature Guide Series. New York, Lodon, Toronto, Sydney, Tokyo, Singapore:
701:
678:
572:
469:
465:
298:
146:
2868:
2090:"Rammstein delve into their German identity with controversial new single"
1378:
1361:
1170:
255:
Females: 100–135 lb (45–61 kg), average 115 lb (52 kg)
2995:
2781:
2722:
2686:
982:"Inbreeding impact on litter size and survival in selected canine breeds"
717:
691:
656:
624:
534:
505:
355:
328:
210:
198:
87:
Long and coarse with mane on neck and chest and feathering on extremities
2167:
1099:"Genomic diversity and population structure of the Leonberger dog breed"
845:
252:
Males: 120–170 lb (54–77 kg), average 145 lb (66 kg)
3152:
3114:
2836:
2811:
2676:
638:
634:
612:
581:
410:
242:
Female: 65–75 cm (26–30 in), average 70 cm (28 in)
190:
2392:
674:
Leonberger dogs are represented in many stamps from around the world.
3091:
3055:
2910:
2786:
2717:
2366:
1823:
980:
Leroy, G. G.; Phocas, F.; Hedan, B.; Verrier, E.; Rognon, X. (2015).
664:
513:
493:
359:
351:
239:
Male: 71–80 cm (28–31 in), average 75 cm (30 in)
161:
1458:
3050:
3040:
3020:
2821:
2816:
2791:
917:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death"
489:
426:
324:
165:
1199:
28:
3197:
2737:
2709:
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2543:
2515:
2488:
1895:
449:
438:
340:
261:
231:
173:
47:
2212:
The Leonberger: A Comprehensive Guide to the Lion King of Breeds
2007:"AKC Welcomes the Cane Corso, Icelandic Sheepdog and Leonberger"
3202:
3060:
2920:
2661:
2623:
1033:
Egenvall, A; Bonnett, Bn; Hedhammar, ĂĄ; Olson, P (2005-09-30).
265:
260:
tangentially joins at the elbow to its underline at 50% of the
2590:
1155:
1096:
1032:
584:
dogs. The breed continues in that role today, along with the
2061:(Paperback). Puppy Academy: Puppies to the rescue!. Oxford:
1404:"Canine NAPEPLD-associated models of human myelin disorders"
1358:
914:
807:
Pugnetti, Gino (1980). Schuler, Elizabeth Meriwether (ed.).
2915:
1757:"The use of guard dogs in the Swiss Alps: A first analysis"
1400:
1247:
526:
430:
2307:
Lusby, Madeline; Trafford, Michael (Photographer) (2005).
2420:((Hardcover). Kingdom Books, Havant. pp. 208 pages.
1307:
600:. They have been used successfully as flock guard dogs.
264:' height, and then continues slightly upward toward the
979:
2240:
Dogs of the Shepherds: A Review of the Pastoral Breeds
2228:
1665:. Allenhurst, NJ, USA: Kennel Club Books. p. 14.
615:. It was the 167th breed to be recognized by the AKC.
2463:
World Wide Leonberger Independent Database Foundation
2126:"Don't Look Back by Karin Fossum #bookreview #Norway"
1545:"Best-of-breed winner represents lovable Leonbergers"
754:"Leonberger History: The "Secret Mascot" of Leonberg"
571:
Leonbergers survived World War I and were bred until
2229:
Gustafson-Eskner, Margareta; Rogert, Ulrika (1996).
927:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 531.
2262:
1840:"Italian school teaches dogs to become lifeguards"
216:
2332:"Het houden van een Leonberger, een praktijkboek"
2265:Legacy of the Dog: The Ultimate Illustrated Guide
633:features a Leonberger that becomes a victim of a
3229:
354:. The next most common group of conditions were
2580:
2394:The Dog of Leonberg: The History of a Dog Breed
2058:Puppy Academy: Murphy and the Great Surf Rescue
386:A Norwegian study found 25% of Leonbergers had
2376:The History of the Leonberger in Great Britain
1157:Leonbergers, and Irish Wolfhounds in Norway".
393:
331:between the toes make for a powerful swimmer.
2884:
2566:
2306:
1876:. National Purebred Dog Day. 25 February 2020
580:government of Canada for use as water rescue/
381:
2214:. Sea Cliff, New York: Revodana Publishing.
2209:
1748:
1689:. Leonberger Club of Ontario. Archived from
346:An analysis of Leonberger pedigree found an
307:of white on the chest or toes is permitted.
2898:
2524:"The Giant Leonberger: Dangerous Lion Dog?"
2382:
2334:(in Dutch). The Netherlands. Archived from
2210:Bliss-Isberg, Caroline (February 1, 2017).
1705:
2891:
2877:
2573:
2559:
2055:Lewis, Gill; Horne, Sarah (July 7, 2016).
2054:
1977:
1727:
1202:"Cataract in the UK Leonberger population"
899:
802:
800:
798:
401:
27:
2383:Schmitt, Hannelie; Zerl, Gerhard (1996).
1946:Dohner, Janet Vorwald (October 4, 2016).
1630:
1628:
1494:
1476:
1435:
1377:
1335:
1325:
1284:
1266:
1132:
1114:
1068:
1050:
956:
2355:
2343:"The Leonberger: A special supplement".
1687:"Leonbergers At Work – Herding Training"
1594:
1592:
1092:
1090:
1088:
869:Huskies, mastiffs and other working dogs
806:
479:
297:
220:
189:This breed has a thick and dense double
2287:
2237:
2163:
2161:
2132:
1999:
1939:
1837:
1831:
1820:
1679:
1516:
1514:
1159:American Journal of Veterinary Research
795:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
460:The Leonberger has a predisposition to
3230:
2329:
2309:Leonberger (Comprehensive Owners Guide
2260:
2192:. American Kennel Club. Archived from
2030:"Grumpy Cat and A Million Dollar Dog?"
1945:
1838:Manetti, Francesco (August 23, 2010).
1754:
1625:
1542:
1360:Drögemüller, Cord (27 November 2020).
687:The Call of the Wild: Dog of the Yukon
417:that are similar to the human disease
164:, whose name derives from the city of
2872:
2554:
2415:
2269:(Revised and Updated, 2nd ed.).
2027:
1660:
1589:
1570:
1538:
1536:
1085:
866:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
751:
618:
126:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
2261:Kojima, Toyoharu (August 28, 2005).
2158:
1607:Cassel, Petter, Galpin & Company
1598:
1511:
809:Simon & Schuster's Guide to Dogs
734:
704:as John Thornton and is narrated by
671:giving birth to Leonberger puppies.
2468:Other resources at Leonberger Union
2434:
2169:Call of the Wild - Dog of the Yukon
1654:
13:
2373:
2238:Hancock, David (August 31, 2014).
2203:
2146:. Veterinary Pet Insurance Company
2028:Suhas, Maitri (29 November 2014).
1915:"Rescue Dogs Jump From Helicopter"
1888:"Leonberger Water Rescue training"
1642:. Veterinary Pet Insurance Company
1533:
1520:
829:
771:
598:Italian School of Canine Lifeguard
14:
3264:
3238:Dog breeds originating in Germany
2456:
2438:The Complete Guide to Leonbergers
2418:The Leonberger: The World of Dogs
1755:Landry, Jean-Marc (August 1999).
1575:. Kennel Club Books. p. 14.
846:"AKC meet the Breeds: Leonberger"
630:Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever
525:were bred to be an homage of the
520:). Later, according to Essig, a
2502:. Dogumentary TV. 16 June 2017.
2487:. December 20, 2010 – via
1793:"AKC proposed group realignment"
1220:10.1111/j.1463-5224.2006.00460.x
871:. Oxford: Raintree. p. 19.
867:Gagne, Tammy (25 January 2018).
690:(1997), a Canadian rendition of
667:portrays the symbolic figure of
646:Murphy and the Great Surf Rescue
302:A female sand-colored Leonberger
2506:from the original on 2021-12-21
2178:
2118:
2107:
2082:
2048:
2021:
1903:from the original on 2021-12-21
1863:
1814:
1785:
1602:The Illustrated Book of the Dog
1564:
1452:
1394:
1352:
1301:
1241:
1193:
1149:
752:Flaim, Denise (June 10, 2020).
564:The Illustrated Book of the Dog
217:Size, proportion, and substance
3135:Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog
2345:The New Zealand Kennel Gazette
1543:Maurer, David (6 March 2011).
1026:
973:
908:
893:
860:
637:, co-starring with the famous
567:dogs to the rich and famous).
516:(which would later create the
310:
179:
1:
2416:White, Angela (12 Feb 1998).
2360:. Milano: Giovanni De Vecchi.
1039:Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
728:
184:
79:65–75 cm (26–30 in)
69:72–80 cm (28–31 in)
3079:Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog
2347:. Vol. 36, no. 3.
1465:Canine Medicine and Genetics
1268:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004635
1103:Genetics Selection Evolution
848:. American Kennel Club. 2010
539:Empress Elisabeth of Austria
484:The coat of arms of Leonberg
455:
7:
3140:Romanian Raven Shepherd Dog
1605:. London; Paris; New York:
1023:mean=8.18 ± 3.1 median=8.75
902:"Leonberger Breed Standard"
711:
394:Ophthalmological conditions
10:
3269:
3105:Perro de Pastor Mallorquin
3006:Greater Swiss Mountain Dog
2981:Central Asian Shepherd Dog
2956:Buryat-Mongolian Wolfhound
2642:German Shorthaired Pointer
2637:German Roughhaired Pointer
2497:"All About the Leonberger"
2242:. Marlborough, Wiltshire:
1478:10.1186/s40575-023-00131-2
1428:10.1038/s41598-018-23938-7
1116:10.1186/s12711-020-00581-3
1003:10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.11.008
941:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w
790:Breed Standard: Leonberger
475:
382:Musculoskeletal conditions
3211:
2906:
2850:
2769:
2736:
2708:
2685:
2652:German Wirehaired Pointer
2632:German Longhaired Pointer
2622:
2589:
2288:Kuntová, Daniela (1994).
1327:10.1186/s12864-017-4081-z
334:
293:
140:
129:
124:
117:
112:
107:
103:
94:
91:
86:
83:
73:
62:
57:
53:
43:
35:
26:
21:
2986:Entlebucher Mountain Dog
2966:CĂŁo de Gado Transmontano
2936:Appenzeller Mountain Dog
2356:Perosino, Guido (1993).
2114:Leonberger Animal stamps
1934:and some are Leonbergers
1715:. Canada's Guide to Dogs
1661:Lusby, Madeline (2005).
1521:Isberg, Caroline Bliss.
1207:Veterinary Ophthalmology
1052:10.1186/1751-0147-46-121
603:The Leonberger received
510:Great St Bernard Hospice
390:after 18 months of age.
319:"This is an outstanding
3253:Livestock guardian dogs
2971:Carpathian Shepherd Dog
2961:CĂŁo de Castro Laboreiro
2900:Livestock guardian dogs
2700:Old German herding dogs
2614:Westphalian Dachsbracke
2599:Bavarian Mountain Hound
2349:New Zealand Kennel Club
2174:Internet Movie Database
2063:Oxford University Press
596:; they are used at the
402:Neurological conditions
280:
271:
3178:South Russian Ovcharka
3158:Sardinian Shepherd Dog
2976:Caucasian Shepherd Dog
2370:(USA), pp. 14–22.
1987:. American Kennel Club
1550:The News & Advance
990:The Veterinary Journal
663:" by German rock band
485:
376:dilated cardiomyopathy
348:inbreeding coefficient
303:
226:
3125:Pyrenean Mountain Dog
2951:Bucovina Shepherd Dog
2244:The Crowood Press Ltd
1930:Some of the dogs are
1871:"Leos to the Rescue!"
1379:10.3390/genes11121426
1171:10.2460/ajvr.73.6.838
522:Pyrenean Mountain Dog
483:
301:
224:
203:search-and-rescue dog
108:Kennel club standards
2991:Estrela Mountain Dog
2946:Bernese Mountain Dog
2581:Dogs originating in
2330:Muller, Ton (1994).
2325:. EAN 9781593783143.
1800:American Kennel Club
1527:Leonberger-Hunde.org
813:Simon & Schuster
758:American Kennel Club
677:In Norwegian author
605:American Kennel Club
551:Emperor Napoleon III
3130:Rafeiro do Alentejo
3031:Kangal Shepherd Dog
2777:American Eskimo Dog
2728:Miniature Schnauzer
2672:Small Münsterländer
2657:Large Münsterländer
2338:on 29 October 2001.
2311:(Hardcover). City:
2196:on 23 January 2009.
1985:"AKC Working Group"
1952:. North Adams, MA:
1599:Shaw, Vero (1881).
1420:2018NatSR...8.5818M
933:2024NatSR..14..531M
446:autosomal recessive
435:autosomal recessive
419:Charcot-Marie-Tooth
3183:Tatra Shepherd Dog
3016:Himalayan Sheepdog
2931:Armenian Gampr dog
2842:Standard Schnauzer
2756:Miniature Pinscher
2400:2012-03-16 at the
2186:"Leonberger Facts"
1523:"Leonberger Breed"
1408:Scientific Reports
921:Scientific Reports
815:. pp. 66–67.
723:List of dog breeds
619:In popular culture
609:Icelandic Sheepdog
590:Labrador Retriever
555:Umberto I of Italy
486:
423:autosomal dominant
304:
227:
207:sexually dimorphic
3225:
3224:
3001:Georgian Shepherd
2926:Aksaray Malaklisi
2866:
2865:
2534:. 3 December 2021
2481:Dogs 101 Season 3
2448:978-1-908793-08-9
2441:. For Dogs Sake.
2427:978-1-85279-064-6
2410:978-90-813426-1-2
2322:978-1-59378-314-3
2313:Kennel Club Books
2299:978-80-900080-2-1
2280:978-0-8118-5113-8
2253:978-1-84797-809-7
2221:978-1-943824-24-3
2140:"Leonberger Dogs"
2072:978-0-19-273926-1
1963:978-1-61212-592-3
1932:Newfoundland dogs
1920:. 26 October 2012
1845:Los Angeles Times
1672:978-1-59378-314-3
1636:"Leonberger Dogs"
1582:978-1-59378-314-3
1571:Lusby, M (2005).
1553:. NewsAdvance.com
878:978-1-4747-2100-4
792:, 08-tryck, 2005.
547:Otto Von Bismarck
498:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
429:gene and in the
225:Leonberger female
170:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
154:
153:
136:
135:
99:
98:
3260:
3188:Tibetan Kyi Apso
3149:
3120:Pyrenean Mastiff
3101:
3088:
3070:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2870:
2869:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2501:
2492:
2478:
2452:
2435:Winslet, Kevin.
2431:
2391:Stramer, Metha.
2388:
2379:
2361:
2352:
2339:
2326:
2303:
2284:
2268:
2257:
2234:
2225:
2198:
2197:
2182:
2176:
2165:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2144:PetInsurance.com
2136:
2130:
2129:
2128:. 21 April 2018.
2122:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1927:
1925:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1899:. May 11, 2018.
1892:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1850:Associated Press
1835:
1829:
1828:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1797:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1761:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1640:PetInsurance.com
1632:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1498:
1480:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1439:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1381:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1339:
1329:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1288:
1270:
1261:(10): e1004635.
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1136:
1118:
1094:
1083:
1082:
1072:
1054:
1030:
1024:
1022:
986:
977:
971:
970:
960:
912:
906:
905:
900:UK Kennel Club.
897:
891:
890:
864:
858:
857:
855:
853:
842:
827:
826:
804:
793:
788:Junehall, Petra
786:
769:
768:
766:
764:
749:
706:Richard Dreyfuss
697:Call of the Wild
594:Golden Retriever
508:" male from the
425:variants in the
321:water rescue dog
149:
143:
105:
104:
55:
54:
36:Common nicknames
31:
19:
18:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3207:
3193:Tibetan Mastiff
3173:Spanish Mastiff
3168:Slovensky Cuvac
3144:
3096:
3085:Moscow Watchdog
3083:
3065:
3026:Kurdish Mastiff
2911:Afghan Shepherd
2902:
2897:
2867:
2862:
2846:
2807:Giant Schnauzer
2797:German Pinscher
2765:
2732:
2704:
2695:German Shepherd
2681:
2618:
2585:
2579:
2537:
2535:
2522:
2509:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2476:
2472:
2459:
2449:
2428:
2402:Wayback Machine
2374:Rahmer, Larry.
2342:
2323:
2300:
2281:
2271:Chronicle Books
2254:
2231:Leonbergerboken
2222:
2206:
2204:Further reading
2201:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2166:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2108:
2099:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2053:
2049:
2040:
2038:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
2009:. June 10, 2011
2005:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1956:. p. 300.
1944:
1940:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1904:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1836:
1832:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1802:. December 2011
1795:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1693:on May 19, 2016
1685:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1541:
1534:
1519:
1512:
1457:
1453:
1399:
1395:
1357:
1353:
1306:
1302:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1198:
1194:
1154:
1150:
1095:
1086:
1031:
1027:
984:
978:
974:
913:
909:
898:
894:
879:
865:
861:
851:
849:
844:
843:
830:
823:
805:
796:
787:
772:
762:
760:
750:
735:
731:
714:
648:in Gill Lewis'
621:
543:Prince of Wales
478:
462:hemangiosarcoma
458:
448:variant in the
437:variant in the
404:
396:
384:
372:gastric torsion
337:
313:
296:
283:
274:
219:
187:
182:
145:
141:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3266:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3110:Perro Majorero
3107:
3102:
3094:
3089:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3046:Karst Shepherd
3043:
3038:
3036:Karakachan dog
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3011:Greek Shepherd
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2896:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2873:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2827:Kromfohrländer
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2751:Biewer Terrier
2748:
2742:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2691:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2647:German Spaniel
2644:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2532:Green World TV
2520:
2493:
2470:
2465:
2458:
2457:External links
2455:
2454:
2453:
2447:
2432:
2426:
2413:
2389:
2385:Der Leonberger
2380:
2371:
2362:
2358:The Leonberger
2353:
2340:
2327:
2321:
2304:
2298:
2285:
2279:
2258:
2252:
2235:
2226:
2220:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2177:
2157:
2131:
2117:
2106:
2094:Brig Newspaper
2081:
2071:
2047:
2020:
1998:
1976:
1962:
1938:
1862:
1830:
1813:
1784:
1747:
1726:
1704:
1678:
1671:
1653:
1624:
1588:
1581:
1573:The Leonberger
1563:
1532:
1510:
1451:
1393:
1351:
1300:
1240:
1214:(5): 350–356.
1192:
1165:(6): 838–846.
1148:
1084:
1025:
972:
907:
892:
877:
859:
828:
821:
794:
770:
732:
730:
727:
726:
725:
720:
713:
710:
620:
617:
477:
474:
457:
454:
415:polyneuropathy
403:
400:
395:
392:
383:
380:
368:hypothyroidism
364:polyneuropathy
336:
333:
312:
309:
295:
292:
282:
279:
273:
270:
257:
256:
253:
244:
243:
240:
218:
215:
186:
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181:
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152:
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138:
137:
134:
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128:
122:
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116:
110:
109:
101:
100:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
60:
59:
51:
50:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3265:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2941:Bakharwal dog
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2889:
2887:
2882:
2880:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2859:
2858:Bullenbeisser
2856:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2746:Affenpinscher
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2609:Hanover Hound
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2576:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2545:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2510:September 10,
2505:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2485:Animal Planet
2483:(Episode 5).
2482:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2450:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2351:. April 1996.
2350:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2233:(in Swedish).
2232:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2110:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2051:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2024:
2008:
2002:
1986:
1980:
1965:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1942:
1935:
1933:
1924:September 10,
1916:
1907:September 10,
1902:
1898:
1897:
1889:
1880:September 10,
1872:
1866:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1834:
1827:. USA: 14–22.
1826:
1825:
1817:
1801:
1794:
1788:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1736:
1730:
1714:
1708:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1674:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1613:–480, 488–494
1612:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1595:
1593:
1584:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1552:
1551:
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1517:
1515:
1506:
1502:
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1470:
1466:
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1429:
1425:
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1417:
1413:
1409:
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1389:
1385:
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1371:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1338:
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2667:Pudelpointer
2604:German Hound
2542:– via
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2514:– via
2508:. Retrieved
2480:
2474:"Leonberger"
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2096:. 2019-04-01
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2001:
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1969:February 25,
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1954:Storey Books
1948:
1941:
1929:
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1905:. Retrieved
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1764:KORA Bericht
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1735:"Leonberger"
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1717:. Retrieved
1713:"Leonberger"
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1691:the original
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1644:. Retrieved
1639:
1617:16 September
1615:. Retrieved
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700:which stars
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147:domestic dog
3163:Ĺ arplaninac
2996:Gaddi Kutta
2723:Jagdterrier
2013:December 5,
1991:December 5,
1855:October 15,
1609:. pp.
1414:(1): 5818.
997:(1): 74–8.
718:Dogs portal
692:Jack London
661:Deutschland
657:music video
625:Lifetime TV
535:Napoleon II
356:orthopaedic
341:crossbreeds
311:Temperament
211:webbed paws
199:working dog
180:Description
160:is a giant
3248:Lifesaving
3243:FCI breeds
3232:Categories
3153:Sarabi dog
3146:St Bernard
3115:Pshdar dog
3074:Leonberger
2837:Rottweiler
2832:Leonberger
2812:Great Dane
2761:Pomeranian
2710:Earth dogs
2677:Weimaraner
2290:Leonberger
2100:2021-05-16
2041:2019-03-01
1663:Leonberger
1557:2019-03-01
1320:(1): 662.
887:1063636111
852:15 January
729:References
639:Grumpy Cat
635:dognapping
613:Cane Corso
582:lifesaving
559:Metternich
531:town crest
411:hereditary
230:Height at
195:black mask
185:Appearance
158:Leonberger
22:Leonberger
3092:Mucuchies
3056:Koyun dog
2787:Dobermann
2718:Dachshund
2530:(Video).
2367:Dog World
1824:Dog World
1772:1422-5123
1766:(2): 19.
1487:2662-9380
1277:1553-7404
1179:0002-9645
1125:1297-9686
1109:(1): 61.
1061:1751-0147
949:2045-2322
665:Rammstein
514:Monastery
494:Stuttgart
456:Neoplasia
413:forms of
409:Multiple
360:arthritis
352:neoplasia
288:neatening
162:dog breed
16:Dog breed
3067:Landseer
3051:Komondor
3021:Hovawart
2822:Keeshond
2817:Hovawart
2792:Eurasier
2738:Toy dogs
2538:June 15,
2504:Archived
2398:Archived
2150:13 April
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1646:13 April
1505:37365662
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712:See also
669:Germania
611:and the
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490:Leonberg
427:ARHGEF10
325:buoyancy
166:Leonberg
131:standard
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2851:Extinct
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1777:May 15,
1740:May 17,
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1416:Bibcode
1337:5574090
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476:History
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