117:
20:
789:
92:. He also served as apostolic secretary to four popes (1405–1414). Bruni's years as chancellor, 1410 to 1411 and again from 1427 to his death in 1444, were plagued by warfare. Though he occupied one of the highest political offices, Bruni was relatively powerless, compared to the
195:
135:
history, the three period view of history is unquestionably secular and so Bruni has been called the first modern historian. The foundation of Bruni's conception can be found with
769:
Demetrios K. Giannakopoulos, " Renaissance and
Political Modernity. Αρετίνου Λεονάρδου ″Περί Πολιτείας Φλορεντίνων″. Ιntroduction-Text -Comments (Herodotos ed. Athens 2018)
64:. The dates Bruni used to define the periods are not exactly what modern historians use today, but he laid the conceptual groundwork for a tripartite division of history.
579:
1943:
351:
600:
150:, a biography of the Roman statesman Cicero. He was also the author of biographies in Italian of Dante and Petrarch. It was Bruni who used the phrase
4035:
131:(History of the Florentine People, 12 Books), which has been called the first modern history book. While it probably was not Bruni's intention to
2189:
816:
403:
376:
Historiarum
Florentinarum libri XII : quibus accesserunt quorundam suo tempore in Italia gestorum & de rebus Græcis commentarii
143:(literally "darkness"). Bruni argued that Italy had revived in recent centuries and could therefore be described as entering a new age.
2979:
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410:
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3193:
1454:
3181:
683:
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537:
327:
295:
263:
52:. He has been called the first modern historian. He was the earliest person to write using the three-period view of history:
4095:
4085:
3882:
3792:
620:
Stuart M. McManus, 'Byzantines in the
Florentine polis: Ideology, Statecraft and ritual during the Council of Florence',
3907:
2182:
1040:
231:
3852:
2302:
2013:
1933:
1913:
156:, meaning the study of human endeavors, as distinct from those of theology and metaphysics, the source of the term
2808:
2659:
809:
163:
As a humanist Bruni was essential in translating into Latin many works of Greek philosophy and history, such as
4105:
4009:
3862:
2748:
212:) was instrumental in bringing the Greek historian to the attention of Renaissance political philosophers (see
4049:
3922:
3144:
2175:
1903:
1414:
365:
358:
735:
3947:
3942:
3636:
2674:
2307:
1973:
1842:
720:
Field, Arthur: "Leonardi Bruni, Florentine traitor? Bruni, the Medici, and an
Aretine conspiracy of 1437",
397:
4100:
3962:
3957:
3742:
1275:
2627:
2287:
2156:
802:
727:
Fryde, Edmund. "The beginnings of
Italian humanist historiography: the ‘New Cicero’of Leonardo Bruni."
201:
2944:
1419:
762:
116:
2991:
2934:
2519:
2043:
1993:
923:
3832:
2033:
1983:
1792:
1082:
740:
Hankins, James. "The" Baron Thesis" after Forty Years and Some Recent
Studies of Leonardo Bruni."
48:, historian and statesman, often recognized as the most important humanist historian of the early
3812:
3732:
3149:
2738:
2649:
2113:
1424:
745:
424:
3546:
1777:
3139:
3119:
2969:
2639:
2267:
1399:
1311:
223:
Bruni was one of the first
Humanists to confront Plato's discussion of same-sex relationships.
85:
3006:
757:
3293:
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3059:
2654:
2118:
2108:
2003:
1529:
1484:
987:
635:
185:
3109:
405:
De studijs et litteris ad illustem dominam baptistam de malatesta tractatulus. Leipzig 1496.
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2198:
2123:
1923:
1384:
173:
101:
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1722:
1509:
1444:
322:. Vol. 3. Translated by Hankins, James. Cambridge, MA, US: Harvard University Press.
290:. Vol. 2. Translated by Hankins, James. Cambridge, MA, US: Harvard University Press.
258:. Vol. 1. Translated by Hankins, James. Cambridge, MA, US: Harvard University Press.
8:
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2469:
1963:
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1469:
1389:
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1742:
1707:
1617:
1144:
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317:
285:
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152:
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1692:
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for details). He also wrote a short treatise in Greek on the
Florentine constitution.
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3203:
3129:
3104:
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100:
families. Historian Arthur Field has identified Bruni as an apparent plotter against
81:
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19:
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190:
105:
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in 1437 (see below). Bruni died in 1444 in
Florence and was succeeded in office by
3576:
1797:
734:
Hankins, James. "Humanism in the vernacular: the case of
Leonardo Bruni." (2006).
529:
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53:
710:
Baron, Hans. "Leonardo Bruni: 'Professional Rhetorician' or 'Civic Humanist'?."
353:
An vulgus et literati eodem modo per Terentii Tullique tempora Romae locuti sint
4019:
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522:
Writing History in Renaissance Italy: Leonardo Bruni and the Uses of the Past
384:
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918:
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Repertorium Brunianum: a critical guide to the writings of Leonardo Bruni,
3631:
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3278:
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3016:
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2217:
2098:
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1867:
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1662:
1647:
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1474:
1326:
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1260:
1121:
1030:
1020:
982:
940:
903:
869:
139:, who distinguished the classical period from later cultural decline, or
57:
49:
640:
Setting Plato Straight: Translating Ancient Sexuality in the Renaissance
4014:
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3571:
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3263:
3154:
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132:
715:
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2403:
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2143:
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1857:
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1459:
1230:
1154:
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168:
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2815:
2768:
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1270:
1240:
1199:
1194:
960:
935:
783:
440:
136:
45:
42:
425:
Lewis E 54 De primo bello punico (On the first Punic War) at OPenn
4024:
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2793:
2783:
2554:
2514:
2347:
2272:
2257:
2237:
1306:
1169:
950:
908:
891:
189:, were widely distributed in manuscript and in print. His use of
93:
80:
circa 1370. Bruni was the pupil of political and cultural leader
77:
226:
Bruni died in Florence in 1444, and is buried in a wall tomb by
2773:
2574:
2362:
2337:
2327:
2297:
2282:
2088:
1179:
1149:
1001:
913:
844:
97:
73:
2803:
2292:
2227:
1189:
1184:
1164:
972:
477:
2798:
2222:
1174:
483:
2367:
2262:
88:, and under whose tutelage he developed his ideation of
1944:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
754:
Rome: Istituto Storico Italiano per il Medio Evo 1997
480:
242:
622:
The Journal of the Oxford University History Society
474:
471:
664:
468:
513:
4062:
627:
642:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 62–86.
636:"The Antithesis of Same-Sex Sexuality in Bruni"
590:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 684.
563:
561:
559:
557:
2183:
810:
2689:
1052:
1006:
992:
567:
439:Ulm, Johann Zainer, ca. 1476–1477. From the
437:De duobus amantibus Guiscardo et Sigismunda.
248:
2625:
624:, 6 (Michaelmas 2008/Hilary 2009), pp. 8-10
554:
218:The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance
2190:
2176:
817:
803:
678:. Harmondsworth: Penguin. pp. 57–59.
441:Rare Book and Special Collections Division
660:– via Google Books partial preview.
524:. Harvard University Press. p. 432.
379:(in Latin). Strassburg: Lazarus Zetzner.
199:to buttress his republican theses in the
16:Italian humanist historian (c. 1370–1444)
2197:
115:
18:
3773:Reflections on the Revolution in France
519:
129:Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII
4063:
633:
430:
171:. Bruni's translations of Aristotle's
2171:
824:
798:
670:
495:
345:
183:, as well as the pseudo-Aristotelean
611:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
411:Epistola ad Baptistam de Malatestis.
146:One of Bruni's most famous works is
3883:The End of History and the Last Man
3793:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
13:
704:
243:Latin text and English translation
196:Panathenicus (Panegyric to Athens)
14:
4117:
773:
232:Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence
202:Panegyric to the City of Florence
3853:The Open Society and Its Enemies
2014:The Closing of the American Mind
1934:Civilization and Its Discontents
1914:A Vindication of Natural Society
787:
464:
367:De Bello Gallico Adversus Gothos
319:History of the Florentine People
287:History of the Florentine People
255:History of the Florentine People
2660:Family as a model for the state
742:Journal of the History of Ideas
111:
4010:Separation of church and state
3908:Collectivism and individualism
3863:The Origins of Totalitarianism
614:
593:
572:
457:
1:
4091:Italian Renaissance humanists
4081:15th-century writers in Latin
4050:Category:Political philosophy
3923:Critique of political economy
1904:Oration on the Dignity of Man
578:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "
530:10.4159/harvard.9780674063266
506:
396:Digitized from a copy at the
340:– via Internet Archive.
308:– via Internet Archive.
276:– via Internet Archive.
206:
127:Bruni's most notable work is
35:
3948:Institutional discrimination
3943:History of political thought
2675:Negative and positive rights
1974:The Society of the Spectacle
67:
7:
4096:Italian Renaissance writers
3958:Justification for the state
3743:Two Treatises of Government
786:(public domain audiobooks)
72:Leonardo Bruni was born in
10:
4122:
2628:Bellum omnium contra omnes
4045:
3895:
3664:
3312:
3045:
2925:
2844:
2756:
2747:
2613:
2447:
2376:
2205:
2152:
2056:
2044:Intellectuals and Society
1994:The Culture of Narcissism
1885:
1553:
1345:
1294:
1223:
1137:
1130:
1070:
832:
729:English Historical Review
373:Bruni, Leonardo (1610) .
3833:The Revolt of the Masses
2034:The Malaise of Modernity
1984:The History of Sexuality
1083:Catholic social teaching
634:Reeser, Todd W. (2015).
568:Bruni & Hankins 2001
450:
416:De interpretatione recta
237:
41:– March 9, 1444) was an
4086:Greek–Latin translators
3813:The Communist Manifesto
2739:Tyranny of the majority
2650:Consent of the governed
2114:Philosophy of education
780:Works by Leonardo Bruni
763:Encyclopædia Britannica
731:95#376 (1980): 533–552.
599:Burke, Edmund (1908). "
584:Encyclopædia Britannica
84:, whom he succeeded as
2690:
2640:Clash of civilizations
2626:
1053:
1007:
993:
744:56.2 (1995): 309-338.
520:Ianziti, Gary (2012).
360:Calphurnia et Gurgulia
124:
86:Chancellor of Florence
24:
4106:Translation theorists
2655:Divine right of kings
2119:Philosophy of history
2109:Philosophy of culture
2004:A Conflict of Visions
722:Renaissance Quarterly
605:Catholic Encyclopedia
121:De primo bello punico
119:
22:
3803:Democracy in America
3182:political philosophy
3165:political philosophy
2980:political philosophy
2809:political philosophy
2719:Separation of powers
2680:Night-watchman state
2665:Monopoly on violence
2199:Political philosophy
2124:Political philosophy
1924:Democracy in America
3993:Right-wing politics
3873:A Theory of Justice
3843:The Road to Serfdom
3763:The Social Contract
2470:Christian democracy
1964:One-Dimensional Man
724:51 (1998): 1109–50.
714:36 (1967): 21–37.
445:Library of Congress
431:German texts online
228:Bernardo Rossellino
4101:People from Arezzo
4005:Political violence
4000:Political theology
3983:Left-wing politics
3978:Political spectrum
2084:Cultural pessimism
2079:Cultural criticism
978:National character
712:Past & present
398:John Adams Library
346:Latin texts online
180:Nicomachean Ethics
153:studia humanitatis
125:
25:
4058:
4057:
3968:Philosophy of law
3913:Conflict theories
3753:The Spirit of Law
3660:
3659:
2709:Original position
2165:
2164:
1881:
1880:
1026:Spontaneous order
1016:Social alienation
865:Cultural heritage
826:Social philosophy
685:978-0-14-020914-3
676:Early Renaissance
649:978-0-226-30714-5
539:978-0-674-06326-6
497:[ˈbruːni]
329:978-0-674-01682-8
297:978-0-674-01066-6
265:978-0-674-00506-8
102:Cosimo de' Medici
82:Coluccio Salutati
4113:
3973:Political ethics
3963:Machiavellianism
3903:Authoritarianism
3888:
3878:
3868:
3858:
3848:
3838:
3828:
3818:
3808:
3798:
3788:
3778:
3768:
3758:
3748:
3738:
3728:
3718:
3708:
3698:
3688:
3678:
2754:
2753:
2695:
2631:
2621:Balance of power
2595:Social democracy
2590:Social Darwinism
2565:Multiculturalism
2510:Environmentalism
2485:Communitarianism
2192:
2185:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2129:Social criticism
2049:
2039:
2029:
2019:
2009:
1999:
1989:
1979:
1969:
1959:
1949:
1939:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1899:
1135:
1134:
1117:Frankfurt School
1095:Communitarianism
1058:
1012:
998:
819:
812:
805:
796:
795:
791:
790:
758:"Leonardo Bruni"
750:Hankins, James:
698:
697:
668:
662:
661:
631:
625:
618:
612:
597:
591:
576:
570:
565:
552:
551:
517:
500:
499:
494:
490:
489:
486:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
461:
395:
393:
391:
341:
309:
277:
211:
208:
191:Aelius Aristides
106:Carlo Marsuppini
40:
37:
32:Leonardo Aretino
4121:
4120:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4041:
4030:Totalitarianism
3891:
3886:
3876:
3866:
3856:
3846:
3836:
3826:
3816:
3806:
3796:
3786:
3776:
3766:
3756:
3746:
3736:
3726:
3716:
3706:
3703:Treatise on Law
3696:
3686:
3676:
3656:
3314:
3308:
3047:
3041:
2927:
2921:
2840:
2743:
2729:State of nature
2724:Social contract
2704:Ordered liberty
2692:Noblesse oblige
2609:
2443:
2372:
2201:
2196:
2166:
2161:
2148:
2074:Critical theory
2052:
2047:
2037:
2027:
2017:
2007:
1997:
1987:
1977:
1967:
1957:
1947:
1937:
1927:
1917:
1907:
1897:
1877:
1555:
1549:
1347:
1341:
1290:
1219:
1126:
1078:Budapest School
1066:
855:Cosmopolitanism
828:
823:
788:
776:
707:
705:Further reading
702:
701:
686:
669:
665:
650:
632:
628:
619:
615:
598:
594:
580:Bruni, Leonardo
577:
573:
566:
555:
540:
518:
514:
509:
504:
503:
492:
467:
463:
462:
458:
453:
433:
389:
387:
372:
348:
330:
312:
298:
280:
266:
245:
240:
209:
114:
70:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4119:
4109:
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4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4020:Social justice
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3928:Egalitarianism
3925:
3920:
3918:Contractualism
3915:
3910:
3905:
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3897:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3879:
3869:
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3829:
3819:
3809:
3799:
3789:
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3769:
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3749:
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3729:
3719:
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3679:
3668:
3666:
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3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
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3309:
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3019:
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2999:
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2714:Overton window
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2597:
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2587:
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2567:
2562:
2557:
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2545:Libertarianism
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2255:
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2134:Social science
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2024:Gender Trouble
2020:
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1954:The Second Sex
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946:Invisible hand
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774:External links
772:
771:
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755:
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738:
732:
725:
718:
706:
703:
700:
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684:
672:Levey, Michael
663:
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601:Leonardo Bruni
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316:, ed. (2007).
314:Hankins, James
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284:, ed. (2004).
282:Hankins, James
278:
264:
252:, ed. (2001).
250:Hankins, James
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90:civic humanism
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28:Leonardo Bruni
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3783:Rights of Man
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3693:De re publica
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3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
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3435:
3433:
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3425:
3423:
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3408:
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3333:
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3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3313:20th and 21st
3311:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
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3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
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3260:
3257:
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3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
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3183:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3166:
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3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3046:18th and 19th
3044:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
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2995:
2993:
2990:
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2933:
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2913:
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2903:
2902:Nizam al-Mulk
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2638:
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2630:
2629:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2585:Republicanism
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2571:
2568:
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2139:Social theory
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2110:
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2026:
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2021:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1985:
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1911:
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1793:Radhakrishnan
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1560:
1558:
1554:20th and 21st
1552:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
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1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1346:18th and 19th
1344:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1287:
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1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
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1252:
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1247:
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1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1003:
1000:
997:
996:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
967:
964:
963:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
930:
927:
926:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
898:
895:
894:
893:
890:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
872:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
837:
835:
831:
827:
820:
815:
813:
808:
806:
801:
800:
797:
785:
781:
778:
777:
768:
765:
764:
759:
756:
753:
749:
747:
743:
739:
737:
733:
730:
726:
723:
719:
717:
713:
709:
708:
695:
691:
687:
681:
677:
673:
667:
659:
655:
651:
645:
641:
637:
630:
623:
617:
610:
606:
602:
596:
589:
585:
581:
575:
569:
564:
562:
560:
558:
549:
545:
541:
535:
531:
527:
523:
516:
512:
498:
488:
460:
456:
446:
442:
438:
435:
434:
426:
423:
421:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
406:
402:
399:
386:
382:
378:
377:
371:
369:
368:
364:
362:
361:
357:
355:
354:
350:
349:
339:
335:
331:
325:
321:
320:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
293:
289:
288:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
261:
257:
256:
251:
247:
246:
235:
233:
229:
224:
221:
219:
215:
204:
203:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
182:
181:
176:
175:
170:
166:
161:
159:
155:
154:
149:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
122:
118:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
44:
33:
29:
21:
4034:
3933:Elite theory
3881:
3871:
3861:
3851:
3841:
3831:
3821:
3811:
3801:
3791:
3781:
3771:
3761:
3751:
3741:
3731:
3721:
3711:
3701:
3691:
3681:
3671:
2970:Guicciardini
2926:Early modern
2866:
2749:Philosophers
2699:Open society
2635:Body politic
2505:Distributism
2495:Conservatism
2490:Confucianism
2409:Gerontocracy
2399:Dictatorship
2353:Sovereignty
2343:Ruling class
2233:Emancipation
2218:Citizenship
2042:
2032:
2022:
2012:
2002:
1992:
1982:
1972:
1962:
1952:
1942:
1932:
1922:
1912:
1902:
1892:
1312:Guicciardini
1295:Early modern
1245:
1131:Philosophers
1105:Conservatism
1100:Confucianism
1088:Distributism
1021:Social norms
1009:Sittlichkeit
995:Ressentiment
941:Institutions
919:Human nature
761:
751:
741:
728:
721:
711:
675:
666:
639:
629:
621:
616:
608:
604:
595:
587:
583:
574:
521:
515:
459:
404:
388:. Retrieved
375:
366:
359:
352:
318:
286:
254:
225:
222:
217:
200:
194:
184:
178:
172:
162:
151:
147:
145:
140:
128:
126:
120:
112:Significance
71:
31:
27:
26:
4076:1444 deaths
4071:1370 births
3807:(1835–1840)
3687:(c. 350 BC)
3677:(c. 375 BC)
3294:Tocqueville
3259:Saint-Simon
3224:Montesquieu
3075:Bolingbroke
3007:Machiavelli
2887:Ibn Khaldun
2852:Alpharabius
2845:Middle Ages
2670:Natural law
2645:Common good
2570:Nationalism
2530:Imperialism
2500:Corporatism
2475:Colonialism
2455:Agrarianism
2434:Technocracy
2414:Meritocracy
2394:Bureaucracy
2384:Aristocracy
2099:Historicism
1928:(1835–1840)
1894:De Officiis
1618:de Beauvoir
1588:Baudrillard
1540:Vivekananda
1530:Tocqueville
1445:Kierkegaard
1261:Ibn Khaldun
1231:Alpharabius
1122:Personalism
1031:Stewardship
988:Reification
983:Natural law
904:Familialism
870:Culturalism
210: 1401
58:Middle Ages
50:Renaissance
39: 1370
4065:Categories
4015:Separatism
3823:On Liberty
3723:The Prince
3452:Huntington
2955:Campanella
2882:al-Ghazali
2831:Thucydides
2789:Lactantius
2734:Statolatry
2560:Monarchism
2540:Liberalism
2465:Capitalism
2448:Ideologies
2429:Plutocracy
2377:Government
2333:Revolution
2318:Propaganda
2268:Legitimacy
2243:Government
2104:Humanities
2064:Agnotology
1723:Kołakowski
1286:Ibn Tufayl
1266:Maimonides
1210:Thucydides
1205:Tertullian
1160:Lactantius
1055:Volksgeist
1036:Traditions
850:Convention
658:1058327032
507:References
420:Wikisource
390:October 9,
214:Hans Baron
148:New Cicero
133:secularize
3733:Leviathan
3713:Monarchia
3707:(c. 1274)
3542:Oakeshott
3487:Mansfield
3482:Luxemburg
3467:Kropotkin
3362:Bernstein
3315:centuries
3229:Nietzsche
3172:Jefferson
3100:Condorcet
3048:centuries
3027:Pufendorf
2892:Marsilius
2779:Confucius
2764:Aristotle
2757:Antiquity
2685:Noble lie
2605:Third Way
2600:Socialism
2525:Feudalism
2480:Communism
2460:Anarchism
2439:Theocracy
2424:Oligarchy
2404:Democracy
2389:Autocracy
2303:Pluralism
2288:Obedience
2253:Hierarchy
2213:Authority
2144:Sociology
2094:Historism
1803:Santayana
1773:Oakeshott
1743:MacIntyre
1728:Kropotkin
1703:Heidegger
1556:centuries
1470:Nietzsche
1435:Jefferson
1420:Helvétius
1385:Condorcet
1348:centuries
1332:Montaigne
1155:Confucius
1145:Augustine
1062:Worldview
956:Modernity
929:Formation
694:643556184
548:770009459
385:288009927
338:316781359
306:886418411
274:885793795
186:Economics
169:Procopius
165:Aristotle
158:humanists
68:Biography
54:Antiquity
3988:Centrism
3683:Politics
3673:Republic
3642:Voegelin
3622:Spengler
3607:Shariati
3582:Rothbard
3537:Nussbaum
3437:Habermas
3412:Fukuyama
3402:Foucault
3327:Ambedkar
3304:Voltaire
3274:de Staël
3249:Rousseau
3130:Franklin
3105:Constant
3065:Beccaria
2897:Muhammad
2877:Gelasius
2862:Averroes
2836:Xenophon
2816:Polybius
2769:Chanakya
2614:Concepts
2580:Populism
2550:Localism
2535:Islamism
2520:Feminism
2419:Monarchy
2323:Property
2313:Progress
2278:Monopoly
2248:Hegemony
2157:Category
2069:Axiology
2057:See also
1848:Voegelin
1838:Spengler
1813:Shariati
1768:Nussbaum
1753:Maritain
1713:Irigaray
1693:Habermas
1658:Foucault
1643:Durkheim
1545:Voltaire
1510:de Staël
1485:Rousseau
1410:Franklin
1271:Muhammad
1256:Gelasius
1241:Avempace
1224:Medieval
1200:Polybius
1195:Plutarch
961:Morality
936:Ideology
924:Identity
833:Concepts
784:LibriVox
674:(1967).
493:Italian:
174:Politics
141:tenebrae
137:Petrarch
46:humanist
4025:Statism
3938:Elitism
3896:Related
3697:(51 BC)
3627:Strauss
3602:Scruton
3597:Schmitt
3587:Russell
3507:Michels
3502:Maurras
3497:Marcuse
3457:Kautsky
3427:Gramsci
3422:Gentile
3392:Dworkin
3382:Du Bois
3377:Dmowski
3372:Chomsky
3367:Burnham
3352:Benoist
3322:Agamben
3289:Thoreau
3279:Stirner
3269:Spencer
3214:Mazzini
3204:Maistre
3199:Madison
3194:Le Play
3125:Fourier
3090:Carlyle
3070:Bentham
3060:Bastiat
3055:Bakunin
3032:Spinoza
3022:Müntzer
2992:Leibniz
2965:Grotius
2945:Bossuet
2912:Plethon
2857:Aquinas
2826:Sun Tzu
2794:Mencius
2784:Han Fei
2555:Marxism
2515:Fascism
2348:Society
2273:Liberty
2258:Justice
2238:Freedom
1898:(44 BC)
1828:Sombart
1823:Skinner
1808:Scruton
1788:Polanyi
1763:Niebuhr
1748:Marcuse
1683:Gramsci
1678:Gentile
1638:Du Bois
1628:Deleuze
1598:Benoist
1568:Agamben
1525:Thoreau
1515:Stirner
1505:Spencer
1455:Le Play
1405:Fourier
1390:Emerson
1375:Carlyle
1360:Bentham
1337:Müntzer
1307:Erasmus
1281:Plethon
1276:Photios
1236:Aquinas
1170:Mencius
1138:Ancient
1071:Schools
951:Loyalty
909:History
897:Counter
892:Culture
860:Customs
766:Online.
443:at the
230:in the
94:Albizzi
78:Tuscany
43:Italian
3887:(1992)
3877:(1971)
3867:(1951)
3857:(1945)
3847:(1944)
3837:(1929)
3827:(1859)
3817:(1848)
3797:(1820)
3787:(1791)
3777:(1790)
3767:(1762)
3757:(1748)
3747:(1689)
3737:(1651)
3727:(1532)
3717:(1313)
3647:Walzer
3637:Taylor
3592:Sartre
3557:Popper
3552:Pareto
3547:Ortega
3532:Nozick
3522:Mouffe
3472:Laclau
3432:Guénon
3417:Gandhi
3357:Berlin
3347:Bauman
3342:Badiou
3332:Arendt
3299:Tucker
3189:Le Bon
3150:Herder
3140:Haller
3135:Godwin
3120:Fichte
3115:Engels
3110:Cortés
3080:Bonald
3037:Suárez
3012:Milton
3002:Luther
2975:Hobbes
2960:Filmer
2950:Calvin
2935:Boétie
2928:period
2907:Ockham
2774:Cicero
2575:Nazism
2363:Utopia
2338:Rights
2328:Regime
2298:People
2283:Nation
2089:Ethics
2048:(2010)
2038:(1991)
2028:(1990)
2018:(1987)
2008:(1987)
1998:(1979)
1988:(1976)
1978:(1967)
1968:(1964)
1958:(1949)
1948:(1935)
1938:(1930)
1918:(1756)
1908:(1486)
1853:Walzer
1843:Taylor
1833:Sowell
1818:Simmel
1783:Pareto
1778:Ortega
1688:Guénon
1673:Gehlen
1668:Gandhi
1623:Debord
1608:Butler
1603:Berlin
1593:Bauman
1583:Badiou
1573:Arendt
1563:Adorno
1495:Ruskin
1450:Le Bon
1425:Herder
1400:Fichte
1395:Engels
1365:Bonald
1355:Arnold
1327:Milton
1322:Luther
1302:Calvin
1180:Origen
1150:Cicero
1110:Social
1046:Family
1041:Values
1002:Rights
966:Public
914:Honour
845:Anomie
840:Agency
746:online
736:online
716:online
692:
682:
656:
646:
603:". In
546:
536:
383:
336:
326:
304:
294:
272:
262:
123:, 1471
98:Medici
74:Arezzo
62:Modern
60:, and
4036:Index
3665:Works
3652:Weber
3617:Spann
3612:Sorel
3577:Röpke
3572:Rawls
3527:Negri
3517:Mosca
3512:Mises
3477:Lenin
3447:Hoppe
3442:Hayek
3407:Fromm
3397:Evola
3387:Dugin
3284:Taine
3264:Smith
3244:Renan
3239:Paine
3160:Iqbal
3145:Hegel
3095:Comte
3085:Burke
2997:Locke
2987:James
2940:Bodin
2872:Dante
2867:Bruni
2821:Shang
2804:Plato
2358:State
2308:Power
2293:Peace
2228:Elite
2206:Terms
1886:Works
1873:Žižek
1858:Weber
1798:Röpke
1758:Negri
1738:Lasch
1708:Hoppe
1663:Fromm
1653:Evola
1633:Dewey
1613:Camus
1520:Taine
1500:Smith
1490:Royce
1480:Renan
1415:Hegel
1380:Comte
1370:Burke
1317:Locke
1251:Dante
1246:Bruni
1215:Xunzi
1190:Plato
1185:Philo
1165:Laozi
973:Mores
885:Multi
875:Inter
760:. In
451:Notes
238:Works
23:Bruni
3567:Rand
3562:Qutb
3462:Kirk
3337:Aron
3254:Sade
3234:Owen
3219:Mill
3209:Marx
3177:Kant
3155:Hume
3017:More
2917:Wang
2799:Mozi
2223:Duty
1868:Zinn
1863:Weil
1733:Land
1718:Kirk
1578:Aron
1535:Vico
1475:Owen
1465:Mill
1460:Marx
1440:Kant
1430:Hume
1175:Mozi
880:Mono
690:OCLC
680:ISBN
654:OCLC
644:ISBN
544:OCLC
534:ISBN
392:2010
381:OCLC
334:OCLC
324:ISBN
302:OCLC
292:ISBN
270:OCLC
260:ISBN
177:and
167:and
96:and
3632:Sun
3492:Mao
2368:War
2263:Law
1698:Han
1648:Eco
782:at
582:".
526:doi
418:on
216:'s
30:or
4067::
688:.
652:.
638:.
607:.
586:.
556:^
542:.
532:.
491:;
478:uː
332:.
300:.
268:.
234:.
207:c.
193:'
160:.
108:.
76:,
56:,
36:c.
2191:e
2184:t
2177:v
818:e
811:t
804:v
696:.
609:3
588:4
550:.
528::
487:/
484:i
481:n
475:r
472:b
469:ˈ
466:/
400:.
394:.
205:(
34:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
