419:, he also gave a number of other manuscripts and books to the cathedral upon his death. Three versions of the donation list drawn up by Leofric survive, which is one of the earliest surviving cathedral library catalogues. The list consists of 31 books used to conduct cathedral services, 24 other ecclesiastical works, and 11 works that were secular. This last group included philosophical works as well as poetry. The number of manuscripts that he owned and bequeathed to his cathedral was quite large for his time. Besides the
370:
After the move to Exeter, Leofric worked to increase the endowment of the diocese, and especially the cathedral library, which he found almost empty upon his arrival. He later claimed that there were only five books owned by the cathedral chapter when he became bishop. He still remained on good terms
391:
against
William or if he supported William from the start is unclear. The fact that he survived William's purge of the native English bishops in 1070 is evidence that he must not have been too outspoken against William. Leofric remained bishop until he died on 10 February or 11 February 1072. He was
366:
by
Leofric, which rule he had probably learned in Lotharingia before his return to England. Leofric moved the seat of his see because Crediton was too poor and rural, and Exeter was a city with protective walls and an abandoned church that could be used as the new cathedral. Leofric claimed that he
450:
The notice in his cathedral's records recording his death stated that
Leofric was active in his diocese as a preacher, that he built many churches in his bishopric, and was noted as a teacher of his clergy. The historian Frank Barlow describes Leofric as "an able administrator and a progressive
206:
Little is known about
Leofric, as his cathedral town was not a centre of historical writing, and he took little part in events outside his diocese. Little notice was taken of his life and activities; only a few charters originated in his household and there is only one listing of gifts to his
327:
and combined it with
Cornwall. The move of the see received the support of Pope Leo IX, and dates from 1051. Although Leofric had been a royal clerk before he became bishop, after his elevation he managed to avoid entanglement in the various disputes taking place between the king and
443:, which was probably acquired by Leofric while he was on the continent, as the manuscript was originally written for a Breton monastery. In all, about 20 of the manuscripts gifted by Leofric can be identified and are still extant, and only two remain at Exeter – including the
294:
called
Leofric Edward's chancellor, this is not correct, as Edward had no chancellor at this time. Historians are divided on whether or not Edward ever had an official that could be called a chancellor, but they are agreed that Leofric did not hold such an office.
367:
found his diocese lacking in episcopal vestments and the other items required for church services, and his surviving list of gifts to the church noted that he gave vestments, crosses, chalices, censers, altar coverings, and other furnishings to the cathedral.
160:
was in exile before his succession to the
English throne, Leofric joined his service and returned to England with him. After he became king, Edward rewarded Leofric with lands. Although a 12th-century source claims Leofric held the office of
392:
buried in the crypt of his cathedral. When the cathedral was rebuilt, his remains were moved to the new church, but the location of the tomb has been lost. The current tomb only dates from 1568 and does not mark
Leofric's resting place.
222:
Leofric was probably born in
Cornwall, and his parents were English. Because canon law required that a bishop be 30 years old when consecrated, it is likely that Leofric was born before 1016. The medieval chronicler
387:
Leofric survived
William the Conqueror's 1068 siege of Exeter unscathed, although there is no evidence that he was present in the city during the siege. Whether Leofric had originally supported King
263:
Before Edward the Confessor became king of England, he was exiled to the continent. Leofric served as Edward's chaplain, although how or when exactly the two met is unknown. The historian
375:
church at Westminster. No evidence survives that Leofric was employed by the king in any diplomatic missions, nor does Leofric appear to have attended any papal councils or
231:, which presumably meant that he was a native of Cornwall. He had a brother, Ordmaer, who acted as his steward and administered the family estates. Leofric was educated in
1710:
411:
are a number of poems showing of all the principal types of poems composed in Old English. This manuscript is one of four main sources for modern knowledge of
2269:
184:
in 1050. At Exeter, Leofric worked to increase the income and resources of his cathedral, both in lands and in ecclesiastical vestments. He was a
1564:
332:. Instead he spent his energies on the administration of his diocese, but remained on good terms with the king. Leofric's penitential, the
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17:
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188:, and collected many manuscripts; some of these he gave to the cathedral library, including a famous manuscript of poetry, the
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283:. Leofric remained a close supporter and friend of Edward for the king's entire life. In 1044, Edward granted him lands at
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which was built after his death, their location is no longer known and the current tomb does not mark his resting place.
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427:, Leofric's own copy of the Rule of Chrodegang also survives, although it is no longer at Exeter. Now it is at
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275:, Edward's half-brother, Leofric accompanied him, witnessing charters during Harthacnut's lifetime along with
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with the king, for he was present at Edward's Christmas court in 1065 that saw the consecration of Edward's
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Some sources say he gave 59 manuscripts in total, other sources say that he gave "no fewer than sixty-six".
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diocese. No official acts from his episcopate have survived, and there is just a brief death notice in the
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During Leofric's bishopric, his cathedral library was the fourth largest in England, and was an important
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431:, where it is Corpus Christi College MS 191. Another surviving manuscript from Leofric's collection is a
336:, still survives, and it includes a prayer for a childless king, which probably referred to King Edward.
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Unification and Conquest: A Political and Social History of England in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries
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Leofric of Exeter: Essays in Commemoration of the foundation of Exeter Cathedral Library in A.D. 1072
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in 1046, but because Crediton was a small town, the new bishop secured papal permission to move the
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died in 1046, the king made Leofric Bishop of Cornwall as well as Bishop of Crediton. The two
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Blake, David (1982). "The Development of the Chapter of the Diocese of Exeter, 1051–1161".
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became king of England. His education possibly took place at the church of St Stephen's in
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379:. He was a supporter of the cult of Leo IX, who was proclaimed a saint after Leo's death.
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took part in the ceremony of enthronement, with both of them leading the bishop to his
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The House of Lords in the Middle Ages: A History of the English House of Lords to 1540
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Queen Emma and Queen Edith: Queenship and Women's Power in Eleventh-century England
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1205:(Cornell University Press 1985 ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
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A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons: The Beginnings of the English Nation
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The English Church 1000–1066: A History of the Later Anglo-Saxon Church
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1246:(Third revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
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194:. Leofric died in 1072; although his remains were moved to the new
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in 1039. When Edward returned to England at the invitation of King
177:
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force" and one who "exemplifies the foreign prelate at his best".
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in 1050 with King Edward in attendance. The king, and his wife
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213:, although no notice of his death occurs in the contemporary
1242:
Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996).
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The abbey church of St. Peter's at Exeter became Leofric's
248:
1389:(Third ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
407:, to the cathedral library in 1072. Contained in the
255:
was a canon from 1017 to 1024 and bishop after 1027.
1519:
See united and translated from Cornwall and Crediton
1225:
Bloodfeud: Murder and Revenge in Anglo-Saxon England
343:and he was enthroned as Bishop of Exeter there on
258:
1359:
1337:
1279:
1260:
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1063:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
156:, he was educated on the continent. At the time
1299:Lloyd, L. J. (1972). "Leofric as Bibliophile".
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290:Although a 12th-century monastic chronicler at
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1167:. London: Hambledon Press. pp. 113–127.
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243:invaded England or in 1016, when Sweyn's son
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219:. He occurs as a witness to royal charters.
2270:11th-century English Roman Catholic bishops
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1265:. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers.
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165:, modern historians agree he never did so.
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27:11th-century Anglo-Saxon bishop of Exeter
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1345:. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
1186:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
1131:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1105:The Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216
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621:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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1470:Digitised images of the Leofric Missal
1107:(Fourth ed.). New York: Longman.
1085:(Second ed.). New York: Longman.
955:
315:in 1050 when Bishop Leofric moved his
1689:
1663:
1546:
1508:Sees united and translated to Exeter
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399:. He gave an important manuscript of
1465:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
1303:. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter.
709:
267:speculates that it may have been at
1408:. Gloucestershire, UK: Wrens Park.
1325:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
1227:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
968:p. 199 and footnotes 1, 2, 3, and 4
496:The rest of the manuscripts are at
382:
24:
1424:
1203:Anglo-Saxon Art: A New Perspective
602:
362:. The new community was given the
148:(before 1016–1072) was a medieval
25:
2286:
1454:
1184:The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society
1163:(1983). "Leofric and his Times".
579:Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons
514:Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
1406:Harold the Last Anglo-Saxon King
358:Leofric replaced the monks with
1038:Lloyd "Leofric as Bibliophile"
1022:Barlow "Leofric and his Times"
1009:Lloyd "Leofric as Bibliophile"
996:Lloyd "Leofric as Bibliophile"
896:Lloyd "Leofric as Bibliophile"
883:Barlow "Leofric and his Times"
731:Barlow "Leofric and his Times"
660:Barlow "Leofric and his Times"
559:Barlow "Leofric and his Times"
541:Barlow "Leofric and his Times"
490:
481:
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259:Service to Edward the Confessor
1244:Handbook of British Chronology
1165:The Norman Conquest and Beyond
937:Handbook of British Chronology
874:p. 361 footnote 331 and p. 362
775:Handbook of British Chronology
759:Handbook of British Chronology
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1:
2250:Bishops of Crediton (ancient)
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872:Church in Anglo-Saxon Society
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1446:10.1016/0304-4181(82)90003-3
1153:UK public library membership
526:
498:Cambridge University Library
168:Edward appointed Leofric as
7:
2275:Burials at Exeter Cathedral
1434:Journal of Medieval History
1284:. London: Pearson/Longman.
1133:. Oxford University Press.
619:Barlow "Leofric (d. 1072)"
10:
2291:
1280:Huscroft, Richard (2005).
1261:Hindley, Geoffrey (2006).
1024:Norman Conquest and Beyond
885:Norman Conquest and Beyond
859:Queen Emma and Queen Edith
733:Norman Conquest and Beyond
662:Norman Conquest and Beyond
561:Norman Conquest and Beyond
543:Norman Conquest and Beyond
502:Trinity College, Cambridge
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18:Leofric, Bishop of Exeter
1767:see translated to Exeter
1321:; Wallis, Keith (1968).
1282:Ruling England 1042–1217
746:Unification and Conquest
466:The other three are the
454:
251:, where the future Pope
2265:Medieval Cornish people
1201:Dodwell, C. R. (1985).
1182:Blair, John P. (2005).
152:. Probably a native of
2020:Episcopacy abolished (
1480:Catholic Church titles
1139:10.1093/ref:odnb/16471
508:, Bodleian Library at
330:Godwin, Earl of Wessex
128:10 or 11 February 1072
1882:Thomas de Brantingham
227:referred to him as a
225:Florence of Worcester
216:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1801:Robert of Chichester
1757:Lyfing of Winchester
1489:Lyfing of Winchester
1404:Walker, Ian (2000).
1061:Edward the Confessor
911:Edward the Confessor
846:Edward the Confessor
704:Edward the Confessor
688:Edward the Confessor
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429:Cambridge University
158:Edward the Confessor
2255:Bishops of Cornwall
2230:11th-century births
2150:Archibald Robertson
2145:Herbert Edward Ryle
2125:Christopher Bethell
2059:Lancelot Blackburne
1862:Walter de Stapledon
1806:Bartholomew Iscanus
1698:Bishops of Crediton
1574:Bishops of Cornwall
1387:Anglo-Saxon England
1127:"Leofric (d. 1072)"
966:Anglo-Saxon England
281:Bishop of Sherborne
2245:Catholic chaplains
2155:Lord William Cecil
2140:Edward Bickersteth
2094:Reginald Courtenay
1985:William Bradbridge
1713:(bishop at Tawton)
1707:(bishop at Tawton)
1651:Bishop of Crediton
1636:and translated to
1496:Bishop of Cornwall
715:Powell and Wallis
413:Anglo-Saxon poetry
364:Rule of Chrodegang
174:Bishop of Crediton
170:Bishop of Cornwall
89:Bishop of Cornwall
2260:Bishops of Exeter
2240:English chaplains
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2054:Ofspring Blackall
1995:Gervase Babington
1975:James Turberville
1836:Walter Branscombe
1791:William Warelwast
1786:Osbern FitzOsbern
1691:Bishops of Exeter
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1535:Osbern FitzOsbern
1532:Succeeded by
1396:978-0-19-280139-5
1361:Stafford, Pauline
1339:Stafford, Pauline
1272:978-0-7867-1738-5
1151:(subscription or
1040:Leofric of Exeter
1011:Leofric of Exeter
998:Leofric of Exeter
898:Leofric of Exeter
510:Oxford University
468:Junius manuscript
415:. Along with the
373:Westminster Abbey
279:who later became
143:
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79:Osbern FitzOsbern
16:(Redirected from
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2175:Hewlett Thompson
2135:Frederick Temple
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2019:
1990:John Woolton
1950:John Arundel
1943:Early modern
1924:Richard Foxe
1901:
1897:Edmund Lacey
1872:John Godeley
1841:Peter Quinel
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403:poetry, the
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302:
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265:Frank Barlow
262:
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167:
145:
144:
104:Consecration
29:
2235:1072 deaths
2209:(announced)
2170:Eric Mercer
2110:John Fisher
2103:Late modern
2029:John Gauden
2010:Joseph Hall
1955:Hugh Oldham
1929:Oliver King
1747:Ælfwold III
1500:of Crediton
913:pp. 244–245
887:pp. 124–125
793:pp. 213–215
748:pp. 148–149
735:pp. 115–116
445:Exeter Book
439:now in the
435:written in
433:Gospel book
421:Exeter Book
417:Exeter Book
409:Exeter Book
405:Exeter Book
401:Old English
397:scriptorium
233:Lotharingia
191:Exeter Book
186:bibliophile
120:before 1016
93:of Crediton
2224:Categories
1970:John Vesey
1960:John Vesey
1914:John Booth
1903:John Hales
1742:Ælfwold II
1529:1050–1072
1504:1046–1050
1461:Leofric 60
1049:References
516:, and the
474:, and the
287:in Devon.
273:Harthacnut
229:Brytonicus
202:Early life
163:chancellor
67:Term ended
53:Canterbury
2186:John Ford
2084:John Ross
2034:Seth Ward
1727:Ælfwold I
1615:Burhweald
1515:New title
1155:required)
1042:pp. 37–38
1013:pp. 35–36
950:Bloodfeud
948:Fletcher
857:Stafford
761:pp. 82–83
744:Stafford
644:Huscroft
599:pp. 83–84
527:Citations
341:cathedral
292:Worcester
75:Successor
59:Appointed
2196:(acting)
2188:(acting)
1722:Æthelgar
1634:Crediton
1610:Æthelred
1440:: 1–11.
1385:(1971).
1363:(1989).
1341:(1997).
1223:(2003).
1125:(2004).
1103:(1988).
1081:(1979).
1059:(1970).
980:Dodwell
964:Stenton
577:Hindley
423:and the
353:cathedra
321:Crediton
154:Cornwall
49:Province
1782:Leofric
1762:Leofric
1752:Eadnoth
1732:Sideman
1717:Eadwulf
1705:Werstan
1649:* also
1626:Leofric
1605:Ealdred
1600:Comoere
1585:Kenstec
1144:8 April
922:Barlow
909:Barlow
844:Barlow
815:Walker
802:Barlow
789:Barlow
702:Barlow
686:Barlow
673:Barlow
631:Barlow
595:Barlow
285:Dawlish
146:Leofric
36:Leofric
1737:Ælfric
1638:Exeter
1620:Lyfing
1595:Daniel
1412:
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1371:
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1089:
1067:
1026:p. 122
984:p. 224
939:p. 246
926:p. 307
870:Blair
861:p. 266
848:p. 106
817:Harold
777:p. 215
664:p. 114
581:p. 239
563:p. 117
545:p. 113
470:, the
389:Harold
377:synods
360:canons
325:Exeter
305:Lyfing
299:Bishop
277:Herman
269:Bruges
253:Leo IX
239:, the
182:Exeter
133:Buried
99:Orders
1711:Putta
1590:Conan
1000:p. 32
952:p. 11
900:p. 34
835:p. 48
819:p. 25
806:p. 32
706:p. 82
690:p. 53
677:p. 50
648:p. 50
635:p. 34
455:Notes
437:Latin
349:Edith
319:from
139:crypt
1498:and
1410:ISBN
1391:ISBN
1369:ISBN
1347:ISBN
1327:OCLC
1305:ISBN
1286:ISBN
1267:ISBN
1248:ISBN
1229:ISBN
1207:ISBN
1188:ISBN
1169:ISBN
1146:2008
1109:ISBN
1087:ISBN
1065:ISBN
719:p. 3
309:sees
249:Toul
245:Cnut
172:and
125:Died
117:Born
91:and
70:1072
62:1050
1463:at
1442:doi
1135:doi
323:to
180:to
2226::
1436:.
1129:.
1031:^
989:^
973:^
957:^
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653:^
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586:^
568:^
550:^
534:^
512:,
504:,
500:,
447:.
2024:)
1683:e
1676:t
1669:v
1628:*
1622:*
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1444::
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