222:
710:
665:
295:. By 1959, IPKI was publicly calling for a return to the original 1945 Constitution, and at a conference that year, asked President Sukarno to reimpose it by decree if the Assembly was unable to do so. In June, IPKI formed the "Front for the Defence of Pancasila" from 17 small parties and began a boycott of the Assembly. It subsequently managed to persuade the
361:
in daily life in order to realise national aims. The party program called for putting sovereignty back in the hands of the people, limiting the presidency to two terms and striving for regional autonomy. It supported the continuation of a social-political role for the
Indonesian armed forces and for
318:, DPR–GR). This body would not include the smaller parties, and in any case, IPKI would no longer be necessary since the Army would be given seats of their own. However, Nasution managed to persuade Sukarno not to ban IPKI, and it was subsequently given seats.
272:, but in December 1956 the party withdrew him in protest at the inability of the government to deal with a series of regional rebellions led by disaffected army personnel, which would eventually lead to the
38:
233:
and the outer (non-Javanese) islands. Although
Nasution blamed the political parties for the state of the nation, he said that he did not want a military takeover. He also claimed that the
310:
On 5 March 1960, Sukarno suspended the legislature and announced he would appoint a body to replace it, which would be known as the People's
Representative Council of Mutual Assistance (
321:
As the Guided
Democracy period continued, IPKI began to oppose Sukarno, and by the end of 1966 it joined the chorus of parties calling for a new political order. Five years after the
252:
in the legislative election elections, the party put forward 167 candidates in 11 of the 16 electoral districts, but won only 1.4% of the vote, giving it four of the 167 seats in the
357:, IPKI declared itself as a political party known as the League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence Party. Its aims included implementing and applying the state philosophy of
1126:
214:
as the way out of the political and economic problems that
Indonesia had faced since independence. It also called for an end to corruption and for the "liberation of
698:
273:
676:
1566:
303:(PKI) to join the boycott, which meant the Assembly could no longer function. On 5 July 1959, President Sukarno reimposed the 1945 Constitution by
1561:
402:: "Although he hoped that this right-wing nationalist party would bring the officer corps into politics, the IPKI performed poorly at the polls."
1571:
246:
1556:
1525:
1407:
837:
691:
1551:
618:
1436:
1395:
1294:
918:
731:
207:
107:
194:
Two years after his dismissal as Army Chief of Staff following the show of force known as the 17 October 1952 incident, General
1270:
990:
924:
714:
123:
1276:
684:
577:
558:
371:
338:
241:
saw IPKI as a threat, and tried to shackle it by demanding that Army officers resign if they intended to stand in the 1955
1401:
1379:
1288:
948:
942:
288:
242:
706:
1319:
1164:
984:
1425:
811:
723:
367:
304:
253:
1084:
608:
594:
546:
529:
363:
269:
930:
238:
234:
1095:
936:
801:
1502:
1484:
1236:
1194:
1079:
960:
902:
159:
1008:
179:
1496:
1390:
1282:
1224:
1170:
1059:
821:
761:
300:
75:
1373:
1342:
1182:
1101:
954:
816:
342:
1448:
1367:
1218:
1188:
1159:
1049:
341:. It won less than one percent of the vote, and no legislative seats. In 1973 IPKI was fused into the
276:. The party also called for the cabinet to resign and be replaced by one led by former vice-president
1431:
1385:
1300:
1242:
1212:
1206:
1116:
1002:
996:
553:
The
Transition to Guided Democracy: Indonesian Politics 1957-1959 Equinox Publishing (Asia) Pte Ltd,
296:
211:
206:, and with the support of the Yogyakarta sultanate. The party proposed a return to the spirit of the
183:
1090:
1074:
966:
779:
767:
755:
978:
37:
1460:
1419:
1413:
892:
773:
375:
128:
1530:
1334:
1230:
326:
322:
291:, formed to draft a permanent constitution, became bogged down over the issue of the role of
118:
221:
1472:
1014:
358:
198:
established IPKI as an "army front organization" along with other military figures such as
195:
167:
80:
8:
1490:
860:
311:
257:
256:. The vast majority of its vote, 81.7%, came from West Java because of support from the
156:
144:
84:
229:
The party targeted military personnel and their families, and veterans, particularly in
1478:
1442:
1106:
215:
91:
1466:
1454:
1176:
887:
604:
590:
573:
554:
542:
525:
1359:
897:
845:
670:
203:
1520:
1264:
614:
354:
281:
268:
IPKI representative Dahlan
Ibrahim served as minister for veteran affairs in the
171:
345:. In its 1994 congress, it decided to become a non-political mass organisation.
1069:
796:
743:
582:
277:
199:
1545:
1254:
1054:
826:
534:
972:
806:
749:
174:
to enter the realm of politics. It was influential in persuading
President
280:. These rebellions caused the cabinet to collapse, and be replaced by the
1259:
1154:
855:
850:
96:
370:. As it did not win enough votes in this election to take part in the
709:
230:
163:
366:. The party won 0.22 percent of the vote, giving it one seat in the
1121:
1111:
1348:
1136:
1064:
623:
330:
325:
coup attempt that led to
Sukarno's downfall and the start of the
175:
243:
1200:
737:
334:
292:
329:
regime, IPKI was one of nine parties that together with the
619:"Indonesia Still Hasn't Escaped Suharto's Genocidal Legacy"
601:
The Road to Power: Indonesian Military Politics 1945–1967
539:
The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia
482:
480:
374:, along with seven other parties, it merged into the
237:
in force at the time was "too western". However, the
660:
284:, in which Azis Saleh served as minister of health.
263:
494:
492:
477:
307:, and also dissolved the Constitutional Assembly.
790:Parties represented only in regional legislatures
1543:
564:Bestian Nainggolan and Yohan Wahyu (Eds) (2016)
501:
489:
218:", still administered by the Dutch at the time.
1249:League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence
468:
141:League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence
24:League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence
653:League of Upholders of Indonesian Independence
507:Bestian Nainggolan and Yohan Wahyu (2016) p377
498:Bestian Nainggolan and Yohan Wahyu (2016) p410
459:
692:
522:Violence and the State in Suharto's Indonesia
432:
423:
414:
1408:Indonesian National Populist Fortress Party
874:
441:
699:
685:
587:A history of modern Indonesia since c.1200
348:
36:
1567:Political parties disestablished in 2002
520:Anderson, Benedict R. O'G. (Ed) (2001),
405:
220:
166:established by former Army head General
1396:Indonesian Democratic Party of Devotion
919:Concern for the Nation Functional Party
732:Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
589:. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
1562:Defunct political parties in Indonesia
1544:
925:Indonesian Workers and Employers Party
570:Indonesian Political Parties 1999-2019
450:
149:Ikatan Pendukung Kemerdekaan Indonesia
28:Ikatan Pendukung Kemerdekaan Indonesia
1572:Political parties established in 1954
1277:Party of the People of Free Indonesia
1031:
873:
680:
316:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Gotong Royong
1402:Indonesian Democratic Vanguard Party
949:Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party
943:Indonesian National Party Marhaenism
613:
399:
353:On 12 September 1998, following the
1557:2002 disestablishments in Indonesia
1320:Indonesian Irian Independence Party
1165:Chinese Indonesian Democratic Party
985:Justice and Prosperous People Party
541:Equinox Publishing (Asia) Pte Ltd,
362:the president to be elected by the
13:
566:Partai Politik Indonesia 1999-2019
14:
1583:
1201:Indonesian Marhaen People's Union
270:Second Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet
264:Guided Democracy to the New Order
1552:1954 establishments in Indonesia
1219:Islamic Education Movement Party
991:Indonesian People's Da'wah Party
708:
663:
189:
16:Political party in Indonesia
1426:National People's Concern Party
1096:Indonesian Political Federation
937:New Indonesia Party of Struggle
368:People's Representative Council
254:People's Representative Council
1503:Ulema National Awakening Party
1195:Indonesian Islamic Union Party
1080:Indonesian Islamic Union Party
955:Alliance of Independent People
903:Prosperous and Safe Aceh Party
715:Political parties in Indonesia
645:
393:
364:People's Consultative Assembly
1:
381:
180:Guided Democracy in Indonesia
1497:Peace and Safe Islamic Party
1391:Functional Party of Struggle
1289:Socialist Party of Indonesia
1283:Socialist Party of Indonesia
1225:Islamic Tharikah Unity Party
1171:Communist Party of Indonesia
1060:Communist Party of Indonesia
836:Parties represented only in
486:Sundhaussen (1982) pp146-148
447:Feith (2007) pp470 & 533
386:
301:Communist Party of Indonesia
208:Proclamation of Independence
7:
1374:Democratic Nationhood Party
1343:Indonesian Democratic Party
1183:Great Indonesia Unity Party
1032:
817:Indonesian Solidarity Party
603:, Oxford University Press.
465:Ricklefs (1991) pp. 252-254
343:Indonesian Democratic Party
225:Symbol used on 1955 ballots
60:12 September 1998 (revival)
58:1994 (as mass organisation)
10:
1588:
1449:Prosperous Indonesia Party
1368:Archipelago Republic Party
1189:Indonesian Christian Party
1009:People's Sovereignty Party
572:), Kompas Media Nusantara
514:
339:1971 legislative elections
68:11 January 1973 (original)
1526:List of political parties
1516:
1437:People's Democratic Party
1358:
1349:Muslim Party of Indonesia
1333:
1310:
1243:Labour Party of Indonesia
1213:Indonesian Peasants Party
1207:Indonesian National Party
1145:
1135:
1117:Partai Tionghoa Indonesia
1085:Indonesian National Party
1040:
1027:
1003:Indonesian Students Party
997:Nusantara Awakening Party
911:
880:
869:
835:
822:People's Conscience Party
789:
721:
297:Indonesian National Party
114:
102:
90:
74:
64:
52:
44:
35:
21:
1380:Democratic Renewal Party
1295:Socialist People's Party
1091:Indonesian Fascist Party
1075:Indonesian Islamic Party
967:Green Party of Indonesia
780:United Development Party
768:Prosperous Justice Party
756:National Awakening Party
638:
599:Sundhaussen, Ulf (1982)
1271:National People's Party
875:Non-legislature parties
812:Justice and Unity Party
722:Parties represented in
474:Sundhaussen (1982) p136
349:Revival and dissolution
289:Constitutional Assembly
247:Constitutional Assembly
235:Indonesian Constitution
92:Political position
1461:Prosperous Peace Party
1420:Indonesian Youth Party
1414:Indonesian Unity Party
1301:Village People's Union
774:National Mandate Party
438:Sundhaussen (1982) p91
429:Sundhaussen (1982) p90
420:Sundhaussen (1982) p89
376:Indonesian Unity Party
315:
226:
157:right-wing nationalist
148:
85:Right-wing nationalism
56:20 May 1954 (original)
1531:Politics of Indonesia
1231:Islamic Victory Force
551:Lev, Daniel S (2009)
524:, SEAP Publications,
355:fall of the New Order
323:30 September Movement
224:
170:as a vehicle for the
119:Politics of Indonesia
1473:Regional Unity Party
1015:Masyumi Reborn Party
931:National Front Party
724:national legislature
196:Abdul Haris Nasution
168:Abdul Haris Nasution
893:Aceh People's Party
861:Nanggroe Aceh Party
802:Crescent Star Party
456:Lev (2009) pp 26-34
1479:National Sun Party
1107:Paguyuban Pasundan
651:Also known as the
258:Siliwangi Division
227:
182:and return to the
1539:
1538:
1512:
1511:
1467:Reform Star Party
1455:Sovereignty Party
1329:
1328:
1177:Dayak Unity Party
1041:Pre-independence
1023:
1022:
888:Atjeh Green Party
578:978-602-412-005-4
559:978-602-8397-40-7
411:Feith (2007) p405
212:1945 Constitution
184:1945 Constitution
137:
136:
124:Political parties
1579:
1143:
1142:
1035:
1029:
1028:
898:Aceh Unity Party
871:
870:
846:Aceh Abode Party
838:Aceh legislature
762:Democratic Party
713:
712:
701:
694:
687:
678:
677:
673:
671:Indonesia portal
668:
667:
666:
655:
649:
634:
632:
631:
615:Vann, Michael G.
508:
505:
499:
496:
487:
484:
475:
472:
466:
463:
457:
454:
448:
445:
439:
436:
430:
427:
421:
418:
412:
409:
403:
397:
108:Garuda Pancasila
40:
19:
18:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1521:Portal:Politics
1508:
1443:Pioneers' Party
1354:
1325:
1313:West New Guinea
1312:
1311:Pre-integration
1306:
1265:Nahdlatul Ulama
1147:
1131:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1019:
907:
876:
865:
831:
785:
717:
707:
705:
669:
664:
662:
659:
658:
650:
646:
641:
629:
627:
517:
512:
511:
506:
502:
497:
490:
485:
478:
473:
469:
464:
460:
455:
451:
446:
442:
437:
433:
428:
424:
419:
415:
410:
406:
398:
394:
389:
384:
351:
333:regime vehicle
287:Meanwhile, the
282:Working Cabinet
266:
192:
172:Indonesian Army
160:political party
133:
83:
69:
59:
57:
31:
30:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1585:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1346:
1339:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1160:Catholic Party
1157:
1151:
1149:
1140:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1070:Indische Party
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1050:Catholic Party
1046:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
915:
913:
909:
908:
906:
905:
900:
895:
890:
884:
882:
878:
877:
867:
866:
864:
863:
858:
853:
848:
842:
840:
833:
832:
830:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
797:Berkarya Party
793:
791:
787:
786:
784:
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
753:
747:
744:Gerindra Party
741:
735:
728:
726:
719:
718:
704:
703:
696:
689:
681:
675:
674:
657:
656:
643:
642:
640:
637:
636:
635:
617:(2021-09-29).
611:
597:
583:Ricklefs, M.C.
580:
562:
549:
535:Feith, Herbert
532:
516:
513:
510:
509:
500:
488:
476:
467:
458:
449:
440:
431:
422:
413:
404:
391:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
350:
347:
337:contested the
299:(PNI) and the
278:Mohammad Hatta
274:PRRI Rebellion
265:
262:
200:Gatot Soebroto
191:
188:
135:
134:
132:
131:
126:
121:
115:
112:
111:
104:
100:
99:
94:
88:
87:
78:
72:
71:
70:1999 (revival)
66:
62:
61:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
26:
23:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1584:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1432:Patriot Party
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1386:Freedom Party
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1309:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1255:Masyumi Party
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1055:Chung Hwa Hui
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1039:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
916:
914:
910:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
885:
883:
879:
872:
868:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
843:
841:
839:
834:
828:
827:Perindo Party
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
794:
792:
788:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
729:
727:
725:
720:
716:
711:
702:
697:
695:
690:
688:
683:
682:
679:
672:
661:
654:
648:
644:
626:
625:
620:
616:
612:
610:
609:0-19-582521-7
606:
602:
598:
596:
595:0-8047-4480-7
592:
588:
584:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
561:
560:
556:
550:
548:
547:979-3780-45-2
544:
540:
536:
533:
531:
530:9780877277293
527:
523:
519:
518:
504:
495:
493:
483:
481:
471:
462:
453:
444:
435:
426:
417:
408:
401:
396:
392:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
356:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
261:
259:
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
223:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
190:Establishment
187:
185:
181:
178:to introduce
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
109:
105:
101:
98:
95:
93:
89:
86:
82:
79:
77:
73:
67:
63:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
29:
20:
1491:United Party
1485:Labour Party
1370:(RepublikaN)
1248:
1237:Labour Party
973:Gelora Party
961:Labour Party
807:Garuda Party
750:NasDem Party
738:Golkar Party
652:
647:
628:. Retrieved
622:
600:
586:
569:
565:
552:
538:
521:
503:
470:
461:
452:
443:
434:
425:
416:
407:
395:
352:
320:
309:
286:
267:
251:
228:
193:
152:
140:
138:
106:
45:Abbreviation
27:
1260:Murba Party
1155:Acoma Party
1146:Independent
979:Ummah Party
1546:Categories
1360:Reform era
1221:(PI Perti)
1191:(Parkindo)
856:Aceh Party
851:SIRA Party
630:2024-03-02
382:References
312:Indonesian
216:West Irian
204:Azis Saleh
145:Indonesian
97:Right-wing
1445:(Pelopor)
1351:(Parmusi)
1335:New Order
1148:Indonesia
1102:Insulinde
400:Vann 2021
387:Citations
372:2004 vote
359:Pancasila
327:New Order
231:West Java
164:Indonesia
129:Elections
81:Pancasila
65:Dissolved
1499:(Idaman)
1410:(PNBK-I)
1297:(Parsas)
1203:(Permai)
1122:Partindo
1112:Parindra
975:(Gelora)
933:(Barnas)
912:National
881:Regional
585:(1991).
210:and the
155:) was a
76:Ideology
1291:(Parsi)
1137:Sukarno
1065:Gerindo
1043:parties
1034:Defunct
987:(PRIMA)
981:(Ummat)
951:(PPNUI)
945:(PNI-M)
624:Jacobin
537:(2007)
515:Sources
331:Suharto
239:cabinet
176:Sukarno
53:Founded
1505:(PKNU)
1428:(PPRN)
1404:(PPDI)
1398:(PKDI)
1322:(PKII)
1279:(PRIM)
1251:(IPKI)
1233:(AKUI)
1227:(PPTI)
1197:(PSII)
1167:(PDTI)
1098:(GAPI)
993:(PDRI)
939:(PPIB)
927:(PPPI)
921:(PKPB)
607:
593:
576:
557:
545:
528:
335:Golkar
305:decree
103:Anthem
1481:(PMB)
1475:(PPD)
1469:(PBR)
1463:(PDS)
1451:(PIS)
1439:(PRD)
1422:(PPI)
1416:(PSI)
1382:(PDP)
1376:(PDK)
1345:(PDI)
1303:(PRD)
1285:(PSI)
1273:(PRN)
1245:(PBI)
1215:(PTI)
1209:(PNI)
1185:(PIR)
1179:(PPD)
1173:(PKI)
1127:PPPKI
1087:(PNI)
1011:(PKR)
1005:(PMI)
999:(PKN)
969:(PHI)
957:(SRI)
734:(128)
639:Notes
293:Islam
1493:(PP)
1487:(PB)
1457:(PK)
1267:(NU)
1239:(PB)
963:(PB)
782:(19)
776:(44)
770:(50)
764:(54)
758:(58)
752:(59)
746:(78)
740:(85)
605:ISBN
591:ISBN
574:ISBN
555:ISBN
543:ISBN
526:ISBN
202:and
153:IPKI
139:The
48:IPKI
1139:era
245:or
162:in
1548::
621:.
491:^
479:^
378:.
314::
260:.
249:.
186:.
151:,
147::
700:e
693:t
686:v
633:.
568:(
143:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
