805:
246:
738:
1345:
672:
838:
137:
102:
1540:
353:
893:
855:
821:
765:
872:
1552:
783:
418:
897:
896:
901:
899:
895:
876:
900:
875:
880:
878:
874:
879:
788:
787:
784:
789:
898:
877:
664:(typical bugs) evolved from auchenorrhynchans. Hence, a recent trend treats the most advanced hemipterans as three or four lineages, namely Archaeorrhyncha (Fulgoromorpha if included in Auchenorrhyncha), Coleorrhyncha and Heteroptera (sometimes united as
786:
1127:"Non-monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha ("Homoptera"), based upon 18S rDNA phylogeny: eco-evolutionary and cladistic implications within pre-Heteropterodea Hemiptera (s.l.) and a proposal for new monophyletic suborders"
285:
from grass, shrubs, or trees. Their hind legs are modified for jumping, and are covered with hairs that facilitate the spreading of a secretion over their bodies that acts as a water repellent and carrier of
294:, and have various host associations, varying from very generalized to very specific. Some species have a cosmopolitan distribution, or occur throughout the temperate and tropical regions. Some are pests or
1393:
Gurr, Geoff M.; Fletcher, Murray J. (2011). "Silk production by the
Australian endemic leafhopper Kahaono montana Evans (Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Dikraneurini) provides protection from predators".
894:
487:, but as it seems, females rarely engage in such behavior. Many species are also known to opportunistically pierce the human skin and draw blood but the function of such behaviour is unclear.
873:
785:
842:
743:
532:
571:
1256:(2013-01-01). "Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) that probe human skin: A review of the world literature and nineteen new records, from Panama".
770:
2555:
1017:
3600:
3276:
3017:
2777:
2602:
1027:
453:
3286:
2975:
2949:
997:
306:. The family is distributed all over the world, and constitutes the second-largest hemipteran family, with at least 20,000 described species.
3639:
1032:
1022:
977:
1012:
3749:
653:
for similar reasons, as the
Auchenorrhyncha simply seem to group the moderately advanced Hemiptera, regardless of the fact the highly
1589:
Sharpshooter
Leafhoppers of the World (Hemiptera: Cicadellinae) – Online Database with color photos of nearly all described species.
637:
In the now-obsolete classification that was used throughout much of the 20th century, the leafhoppers were part of the
Homoptera, a
3574:
323:. This has sometimes been placed in its own suborder (Clypeorrhyncha), but more recent research retains it within Auchenorrhyncha.
3613:
1583:
1574:
1621:
3618:
1657:
1600:
1524:
Carver, M, FG. Gross, and TE. Woodward. 1991. Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, cicadas, aphids, scale insects, etc.) In:
1071:
1503:
3711:
3553:
392:
The hind tibiae have one or more distinct keels, with a row of movable spines on each, sometimes on enlarged bases.
3644:
3566:
1593:
3626:
1556:
1562:
471:. A leafhoppers' diet commonly consists of sap from a wide and diverse range of plants, but some are more
3483:
3460:
1630:
1197:"Proconiini Sharpshooters of Argentina, with Notes on Its Distribution, Host Plants, and Natural Enemies"
136:
3488:
1149:
548:
464:
3693:
3716:
3654:
1299:
1344:
223:
1481:
1452:
1424:
1101:"Biosystematics: Leafhoppers associated with grasslands of South Africa – Grassland Biome endemics"
804:
1650:
556:
537:
3680:
245:
3451:
3413:
1544:
1150:"Higher-level phylogeny of the insect order Hemiptera: is Auchenorrhyncha really paraphyletic?"
251:
629:
even build silk nests under the leaves of trees they live in, to protect them from predators.
3744:
3739:
3675:
3605:
683:
295:
115:
3667:
1100:
3522:
1161:
913:, which are listed here alphabetically, as too little is known about the family's internal
737:
1588:
1371:
8:
1631:
DrMetcalf: a resource on cicadas, leafhoppers, planthoppers, spittlebugs, and treehoppers
599:
1165:
2576:
2453:
2444:
1643:
1328:
1303:
1281:
1229:
1196:
1195:
Paradell, Susana L.; Virla, Eduardo G.; Logarzo, Guillermo A.; Dellapé, Gimena (2012).
1177:
927:
510:
and bacteria. Cicadellidae species that are significant agricultural pests include the
357:
131:
3703:
3662:
3509:
2236:
2196:
1958:
1402:
1375:
1333:
1273:
1234:
1216:
1173:
859:
825:
703:
369:
3465:
1285:
1181:
587:, including tobacco, tomato, or eggplant, and is a serious vector of the disease in
3514:
3319:
3261:
3256:
3090:
3001:
2764:
2542:
2534:
2461:
2244:
2106:
1571:
1398:
1367:
1323:
1315:
1265:
1224:
1208:
1169:
707:
520:
267:
1618:
671:
3314:
3281:
3220:
3124:
3119:
3056:
3031:
2772:
2625:
2466:
2430:
2420:
2402:
2338:
1993:
1726:
1625:
1578:
1526:
The
Insects of Australia – a Textbook for Students and Research Workers Volume 1.
987:
952:
942:
864:
837:
650:
607:
576:
511:
437:
421:
327:
320:
198:
3631:
3561:
3548:
3340:
3098:
2980:
2743:
2714:
2516:
2425:
2410:
2281:
2268:
2175:
2146:
2026:
1930:
1814:
1773:
1253:
1007:
603:
526:
499:
495:
472:
1448:
1420:
1319:
1269:
3733:
3436:
3388:
3376:
3348:
3207:
3147:
3129:
3085:
3069:
2954:
2939:
2837:
2586:
2571:
2563:
2297:
2220:
2212:
2122:
1998:
1935:
1900:
1861:
1848:
1783:
1763:
1604:
1277:
1220:
1058:
1037:
775:
726:
722:
665:
657:
542:
491:
425:
411:
395:
The base of the middle legs is close together where they originate under the
383:
291:
101:
59:
1635:
444:
stage. While many leafhoppers are drab little insects as is typical for the
3309:
3160:
2985:
2944:
2906:
2889:
2875:
2863:
2816:
2808:
2654:
2641:
2607:
2415:
2382:
2328:
2204:
2167:
2130:
2085:
1910:
1835:
1827:
1738:
1710:
1477:
1379:
1337:
1238:
962:
947:
932:
847:
748:
710:
699:
695:
638:
588:
484:
445:
433:
337:
313:
208:
1304:"Evolution of parasitism along convergent lines: from ecology to genomics"
1212:
606:. Leafhoppers are also susceptible to various insect pathogens, including
3587:
3475:
3445:
3384:
3327:
3238:
3173:
3155:
3137:
3106:
2934:
2735:
2483:
2375:
2333:
2323:
2318:
2228:
2159:
2151:
2114:
1983:
1978:
1920:
1892:
1875:
1076:
1052:
957:
937:
910:
830:
718:
687:
676:
661:
619:
565:
507:
503:
303:
299:
120:
34:
3271:
3230:
3212:
2993:
2898:
2795:
2787:
2751:
2668:
2310:
2183:
2101:
1988:
1973:
1968:
1945:
1853:
1778:
1768:
1747:
1598:
1126:
1002:
992:
922:
885:
797:
714:
691:
615:
594:
In some cases, the plant pathogens distributed by leafhoppers are also
584:
410:, which are thought to protect the animals, and particularly their egg
407:
406:
An additional and unique character of leafhoppers is the production of
330:
310:
110:
79:
44:
3592:
3535:
3501:
3291:
3251:
3243:
3183:
3168:
3142:
3040:
2914:
2693:
2685:
2649:
2500:
2351:
2343:
2289:
2188:
2075:
1905:
1698:
1686:
1667:
1358:
Weintraub, PG; Beanland, L (2006). "Insect vectors of phytoplasmas".
967:
914:
642:
476:
468:
352:
334:
287:
282:
188:
168:
148:
84:
3579:
3407:
1601:"New Mexico State University Carol Sutherland leafhopper collection"
854:
820:
3540:
3496:
3430:
3356:
3299:
3199:
3191:
3111:
3048:
3009:
2922:
2829:
2706:
2633:
2521:
2508:
2260:
2252:
2138:
2046:
2038:
1953:
1940:
1925:
1915:
1704:
1539:
1042:
982:
972:
809:
654:
646:
595:
317:
124:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
764:
649:. The splitting of the Homoptera is likely to be repeated for the
583:) can transmit the beet curly top virus to various members of the
3304:
3266:
2967:
2959:
2842:
2722:
1963:
814:
449:
376:
263:
89:
64:
1125:
Sorensen, John T.; Campbell, Bruce C.; Gill, Raymond J. (1995).
1809:
1793:
1692:
1680:
1551:
396:
274:
178:
158:
3688:
3380:
2862:
2373:
2059:
758:
611:
480:
417:
3527:
706:
1194:
441:
379:(simple eyes) are present on the top or front of the head.
1421:"Hemiptera. True bugs, cicadas, leafhoppers, aphids, etc"
457:
2207:(cottony cushion scales, giant coccids, ground pearls)
1619:
Auchenorrhyncha keys, Australia and neighbouring areas
752:
618:
attack the eggs and the adults provide food for small
3387:. Heteroptera with Coleorrhyncha were referred to as
479:, but some are known to eat smaller insects, such as
1124:
389:
The femora are at front with, at most, weak spines.
1528:Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, Australia".
1443:
1441:
436:, the leafhoppers undergo direct development from
309:They belong to a lineage traditionally treated as
1418:
1357:
364:The Cicadellidae combine the following features:
3731:
2996:(assassin bugs, wheel bugs, thread-legged bugs)
1599:NMSU Entomology Plant Pathology; Weed Science.
1472:
1470:
1438:
372:is very short and ends with a bristle (arista).
2624:
2401:
1298:
456:– have largely translucent wings and resemble
1665:
1651:
483:, on occasion. A few species are known to be
1724:
1467:
1392:
2024:
1572:Illinois Natural History Survey:leafhoppers
1508:3I Interactive Keys and Taxonomic Databases
1414:
1412:
1251:
402:The front wings not particularly thickened.
1658:
1644:
1147:
1099:Stiller, Michael (October–December 2009).
347:
100:
1327:
1228:
1148:Cryan, Jason R.; Urban, Julie M. (2012).
1094:
1092:
682:Within the latter, the three traditional
641:assemblage uniting the basal lineages of
452:are quite colorful. Some – in particular
1567:– diagnostic photographs and information
1409:
1351:
891:
870:
853:
836:
819:
803:
781:
763:
736:
670:
416:
351:
244:
1302:; Randhawa, Haseeb S. (February 2015).
1098:
569:spp.), and the white apple leafhopper (
414:, from predation as well as pathogens.
3732:
1584:Leafhoppers of North and South America
1089:
721:(typical treehoppers and thorn bugs),
3412:
3411:
2372:
2023:
1723:
1639:
1419:David R. Maddison (January 1, 1995).
1372:10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151039
1292:
884:Jikradia olitoria leahopper nymph on
3694:D63E616A-431E-FF92-FF7D-46A0FEE3FAFC
3655:d6bbdcec-437d-462b-9c4d-81e1d44bbd4e
3567:5907e03d-0344-487b-87ad-3b415fcdbfee
3150:(jewel bugs or metallic shield bugs)
909:The leafhoppers are divided into 25
625:Some species such as the Australian
2962:(plant bugs, leaf bugs, grass bugs)
2909:(minute pirate bugs or flower bugs)
2566:(marsh treaders or water measurers)
1594:Leafhoppers Pinellas County Florida
905:Fieberiella florii nymph leafhopper
888:leaf (nearly eight millimeters long
598:of the insects themselves, and can
591:in the Southwestern United States.
13:
1518:
475:-specific. Leafhoppers mainly are
14:
3761:
3750:Insect vectors of plant pathogens
3101:(giant shield bugs and relatives)
1856:(typical treehoppers, thorn bugs)
1532:
1072:List of animals that produce silk
1550:
1538:
1403:10.1111/j.1440-6055.2011.00813.x
1395:Australian Journal of Entomology
1343:
1174:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00611.x
448:, the adults and nymphs of some
135:
32:
3294:(milkweed bugs, true seed bugs)
3202:(squash bugs, leaf-footed bugs)
2469:(unique-headed bugs, gnat bugs)
1496:
702:. The leafhoppers are the most
690:(froghoppers and spittlebugs),
2725:(water scorpions, needle bugs)
1386:
1245:
1188:
1141:
1118:
732:
632:
281:, are plant feeders that suck
1:
1258:Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews
1082:
563:), rice green leafhoppers (
7:
3351:(red bugs, cotton stainers)
1360:Annual Review of Entomology
1065:
753:
530:), two-spotted leafhopper (
467:, enabling them to feed on
465:piercing-sucking mouthparts
386:are made of three segments.
262:is the common name for any
10:
3766:
3701:World Auchenorrhyncha DB:
549:glassy-winged sharpshooter
518:), the maize leafhopper (
368:The thickened part of the
249:Candy-striped Leafhopper (
3420:
3372:
3339:
3229:
3182:
3068:
3039:
3030:
2897:
2888:
2858:
2828:
2807:
2786:
2763:
2734:
2705:
2684:
2667:
2620:
2585:
2554:
2533:
2499:
2482:
2452:
2443:
2397:
2393:
2368:
2309:
2280:
2178:(pupillarial palm scales)
2084:
2058:
2037:
2033:
2019:
1891:
1874:
1826:
1792:
1746:
1737:
1733:
1719:
1675:
1320:10.1017/S0031182013001674
1270:10.1163/18749836-06001064
1201:Journal of Insect Science
843:Evacanthus nigramericanus
290:. They undergo a partial
236:
231:
132:Scientific classification
130:
108:
99:
23:
1482:Tree of Life Web Project
1453:Tree of Life Web Project
1425:Tree of Life Web Project
1252:Núñez, Edwin DomĂnguez;
1131:Pan-Pacific Entomologist
602:within the leafhoppers'
277:, colloquially known as
2292:(woolly conifer aphids)
557:common brown leafhopper
553:Homalodisca vitripennis
538:blue-green sharpshooter
348:Description and ecology
3215:(scentless plant bugs)
2215:(Mediterranean scales)
1565:Graphocephala coccinea
1563:Red-banded leafhopper
906:
889:
868:
851:
834:
817:
801:
779:
761:
744:Bothrogonia ferruginea
679:
668:) and Clypeorrhyncha.
610:viruses, bacteria and
524:), potato leafhopper (
429:
361:
340:are commonly known as
256:
252:Graphocephala coccinea
3676:Paleobiology Database
3359:(bordered plant bugs)
3132:(includes ebony bugs)
2798:(creeping water bugs)
1213:10.1673/031.012.11601
1154:Systematic Entomology
1108:Plant Protection News
1050:Further information:
904:
883:
857:
840:
823:
807:
792:
767:
740:
674:
420:
355:
248:
116:Eurymeloides bicincta
3562:Fauna Europaea (new)
3330:(ash-grey leaf bugs)
3322:(atypical seed bugs)
2988:(old world bat bugs)
2917:(bed bugs, bat bugs)
2845:(pygmy backswimmers)
2754:(velvety shore bugs)
2346:(jumping plant lice)
1559:at Wikimedia Commons
460:at a casual glance.
109:Adult two-lined gum
3194:(broad-headed bugs)
2545:(velvet water bugs)
2133:(ornate pit scales)
1314:(Suppl 1): S6–S15.
1166:2012SysEn..37....7C
581:Circulifer tenellus
533:Sophonia rufofascia
516:Circulifer tenellus
440:to adult without a
424:of an unidentified
2717:(giant water bugs)
2644:(spiny shore bugs)
2577:Paraphrynoveliidae
2490:(semiaquatic bugs)
2445:Enicocephalomorpha
2239:(phenacoleachiids)
2237:Phenacoleachiidae
2199:(false pit scales)
2197:Lecanodiaspididae
1624:2016-07-18 at the
1577:2015-04-17 at the
928:Bathysmatophorinae
907:
890:
869:
852:
835:
818:
802:
780:
762:
754:tsumaguro-ĹŤyokobai
680:
572:Typhlocyba pomaria
561:Orosius orientalis
430:
362:
358:Eurymela distincta
257:
3727:
3726:
3663:Open Tree of Life
3414:Taxon identifiers
3405:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3368:
3367:
3360:
3352:
3331:
3323:
3320:Rhyparochromidae
3295:
3247:
3216:
3203:
3195:
3164:
3151:
3133:
3115:
3102:
3094:
3091:Acanthosomatidae
3078:
3060:
3052:
3026:
3025:
3013:
3005:
3004:(royal palm bugs)
3002:Thaumastocoridae
2997:
2989:
2971:
2963:
2930:
2918:
2910:
2884:
2883:
2854:
2853:
2846:
2820:
2799:
2755:
2747:
2726:
2718:
2697:
2677:
2675:(true water bugs)
2663:
2662:
2645:
2637:
2616:
2615:
2595:
2567:
2546:
2525:
2512:
2492:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2439:
2438:
2388:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2347:
2301:
2293:
2272:
2264:
2263:(giant mealybugs)
2256:
2248:
2245:Phoenicococcidae
2240:
2232:
2224:
2216:
2208:
2200:
2192:
2179:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2142:
2134:
2126:
2118:
2110:
2107:Asterolecaniidae
2094:
2068:
2050:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
1959:Hypochthonellidae
1949:
1884:
1870:
1869:
1857:
1844:
1818:
1802:
1756:
1555:Media related to
1510:. April 28, 2020.
1484:. January 1, 1995
1455:. January 1, 1995
1449:"Auchenorrhyncha"
902:
881:
860:Stirellus bicolor
826:Jikradia olitoria
794:Aphrodes makarovi
790:
585:nightshade family
463:Leafhoppers have
243:
242:
227:
123:) with symbiotic
16:Family of insects
3757:
3720:
3719:
3707:
3706:
3697:
3696:
3684:
3683:
3671:
3670:
3658:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3635:
3634:
3632:NHMSYS0020475498
3622:
3621:
3609:
3608:
3596:
3595:
3583:
3582:
3570:
3569:
3557:
3556:
3544:
3543:
3531:
3530:
3518:
3517:
3505:
3504:
3492:
3491:
3479:
3478:
3469:
3468:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3409:
3408:
3379:are a different
3374:
3358:
3350:
3329:
3321:
3293:
3262:Cryptorhamphidae
3257:Colobathristidae
3245:
3214:
3201:
3193:
3162:
3149:
3131:
3114:(burrowing bugs)
3113:
3100:
3092:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3058:
3057:Termitaphididae
3050:
3037:
3036:
3011:
3003:
2995:
2987:
2969:
2961:
2927:Curalium cronini
2924:
2916:
2908:
2895:
2894:
2868:
2860:
2859:
2844:
2818:
2797:
2765:Aphelocheiroidea
2753:
2745:
2724:
2716:
2695:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2643:
2635:
2622:
2621:
2596:
2594:
2593:(water treaders)
2591:
2565:
2544:
2523:
2511:(water striders)
2510:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2468:
2467:Enicocephalidae
2462:Aenictopecheidae
2454:Enicocephaloidea
2450:
2449:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2370:
2369:
2345:
2299:
2291:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2190:
2177:
2169:
2162:(armored scales)
2161:
2153:
2140:
2132:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2048:
2035:
2034:
2021:
2020:
1947:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1855:
1842:
1816:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1744:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1721:
1720:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1637:
1636:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1603:. Archived from
1554:
1543:Data related to
1542:
1512:
1511:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1445:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1331:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1232:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1105:
1096:
903:
882:
791:
756:
521:Cicadulina mbila
494:that can act as
490:Leafhoppers are
222:
140:
139:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3715:
3710:
3702:
3700:
3692:
3687:
3679:
3674:
3666:
3661:
3653:
3651:
3643:
3638:
3630:
3625:
3617:
3612:
3604:
3599:
3591:
3586:
3578:
3573:
3565:
3560:
3552:
3547:
3539:
3534:
3526:
3521:
3513:
3508:
3500:
3495:
3487:
3482:
3474:
3472:
3464:
3459:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3416:
3406:
3393:
3364:
3335:
3315:Pachygronthidae
3282:Heterogastridae
3225:
3221:Stenocephalidae
3178:
3125:Parastrachiidae
3120:Thaumastellidae
3099:Tessaratomidae
3075:
3073:
3072:
3064:
3032:Pentatomomorpha
3022:
2880:
2867:(Coleorrhyncha)
2866:
2865:
2864:Peloridiomorpha
2850:
2824:
2803:
2782:
2773:Aphelocheiridae
2759:
2744:Gelastocoridae
2730:
2715:Belostomatidae
2701:
2696:(water boatmen)
2674:
2672:
2671:
2659:
2626:Leptopodomorpha
2612:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2581:
2550:
2529:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2474:
2435:
2431:Stemmocryptidae
2421:Hypsipterygidae
2403:Dipsocoromorpha
2389:
2385:
2379:
2356:
2339:Phacopteronidae
2305:
2276:
2271:(stictococcids)
2269:Stictococcidae
2253:Pseudococcidae
2231:(ensign scales)
2176:Halimococcidae
2092:(scale insects)
2091:
2089:
2088:
2080:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2029:
2003:
1994:Tettigometridae
1881:
1879:
1878:
1866:
1822:
1817:(hairy cicadas)
1815:Tettigarctidae
1799:
1797:
1796:
1788:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1729:
1727:Auchenorrhyncha
1715:
1671:
1664:
1626:Wayback Machine
1610:
1608:
1579:Wayback Machine
1535:
1521:
1519:Further reading
1516:
1515:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1417:
1410:
1391:
1387:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1297:
1293:
1254:Aiello, Annette
1250:
1246:
1193:
1189:
1146:
1142:
1123:
1119:
1103:
1097:
1090:
1085:
1068:
1047:
988:Megophthalminae
953:Euacanthellinae
943:Deltocephalinae
892:
871:
865:Deltocephalinae
782:
771:Eupteryx aurata
741:Mating pair of
735:
698:– appear to be
651:Auchenorrhyncha
635:
627:Kahaono montana
608:Dicistroviridae
604:salivary glands
577:beet leafhopper
512:beet leafhopper
500:plant pathogens
350:
326:Members of the
321:Auchenorrhyncha
273:. These minute
221:
199:Auchenorrhyncha
134:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3763:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3708:
3698:
3685:
3672:
3659:
3649:
3636:
3623:
3610:
3597:
3584:
3571:
3558:
3549:Fauna Europaea
3545:
3532:
3519:
3506:
3493:
3480:
3470:
3457:
3442:
3426:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3354:
3349:Pyrrhocoridae
3345:
3343:
3341:Pyrrhocoroidea
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3325:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3210:
3205:
3197:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3158:
3153:
3148:Scutelleridae
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:Thyreocoridae
3127:
3122:
3117:
3109:
3104:
3096:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3059:(termite bugs)
3054:
3045:
3043:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3007:
2999:
2991:
2983:
2981:Plokiophilidae
2978:
2973:
2965:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2920:
2912:
2903:
2901:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2872:
2870:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2819:(backswimmers)
2813:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2749:
2740:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2720:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2690:
2688:
2679:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2639:
2630:
2628:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:Hydrometridae
2560:
2558:
2556:Hydrometroidea
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2539:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2519:
2517:Hermatobatidae
2514:
2505:
2503:
2494:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2426:Schizopteridae
2423:
2418:
2413:
2411:Ceratocombidae
2407:
2405:
2391:
2390:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2300:(phylloxerans)
2298:Phylloxeridae
2295:
2286:
2284:
2282:Phylloxeroidea
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2223:(giant scales)
2221:Monophlebidae
2218:
2213:Micrococcidae
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2157:
2152:Dactylopiidae
2149:
2147:Conchaspididae
2144:
2136:
2128:
2125:(carayonemids)
2123:Carayonemidae
2120:
2112:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2043:
2041:
2031:
2030:
2027:Sternorrhyncha
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1948:(lanternflies)
1943:
1938:
1933:
1931:Dictyopharidae
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1886:
1882:(planthoppers)
1872:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1851:
1846:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1774:Clastopteridae
1771:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1741:
1731:
1730:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1616:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1569:
1560:
1548:
1547:at Wikispecies
1534:
1533:External links
1531:
1530:
1529:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1504:"Cicadellidae"
1495:
1478:"Membracoidea"
1466:
1437:
1408:
1385:
1350:
1300:Poulin, Robert
1291:
1264:(3): 201–225.
1244:
1187:
1140:
1117:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1018:Phereurhininae
1015:
1010:
1008:Neocoelidiinae
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
919:
734:
731:
694:(cicadas) and
645:and ranked as
634:
631:
527:Empoasca fabae
498:transmitting
492:micropredators
404:
403:
400:
393:
390:
387:
380:
373:
349:
346:
241:
240:
234:
233:
229:
228:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
128:
127:
106:
105:
97:
96:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3762:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3718:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3390:
3389:Prosorrhyncha
3386:
3382:
3378:
3377:Coleorrhyncha
3371:
3361:
3355:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3277:Henicocoridae
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3208:Hyocephalidae
3206:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3161:Pentatomidae
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3097:
3095:
3093:(shield bugs)
3089:
3087:
3086:Urostylididae
3084:
3083:
3081:
3076:(shield bugs)
3071:
3070:Pentatomoidea
3067:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3019:
3018:Velocipedidae
3016:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2986:Polyctenidae
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2970:(damsel bugs)
2966:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2955:Microphysidae
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2940:Lasiochilidae
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2907:Anthocoridae
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2861:
2857:
2847:
2841:
2839:
2838:Helotrephidae
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2817:Notonectidae
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2809:Notonectoidea
2806:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2778:Potamocoridae
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2642:Leptopodidae
2640:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2603:Madeoveliidae
2601:
2600:
2598:
2588:
2587:Mesovelioidea
2584:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2572:Macroveliidae
2570:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2524:(riffle bugs)
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2485:
2481:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2384:
2383:Coleorrhyncha
2377:
2371:
2367:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2247:(palm scales)
2243:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2205:Margarodidae
2203:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2170:(felt scales)
2168:Eriococcidae
2166:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2141:(soft scales)
2137:
2135:
2131:Cerococcidae
2129:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2018:
2000:
1999:Tropiduchidae
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1936:Eurybrachidae
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1901:Acanaloniidae
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1877:
1876:Fulgoromorpha
1873:
1863:
1862:Myerslopiidae
1860:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1849:Melizoderidae
1847:
1845:
1843:(leafhoppers)
1841:Cicadellidae
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1784:Machaerotidae
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1764:Aphrophoridae
1762:
1761:
1759:
1754:(froghoppers)
1749:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1708:
1706:
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1620:
1617:
1607:on 2013-05-01
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1073:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1059:Utecha trivia
1055:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1038:Typhlocybinae
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1028:Signoretiinae
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
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1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
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926:
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921:
920:
918:
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912:
887:
866:
862:
861:
856:
849:
845:
844:
839:
832:
828:
827:
822:
816:
812:
811:
806:
799:
795:
777:
776:Typhlocybinae
773:
772:
766:
760:
755:
751:), known as
750:
746:
745:
739:
730:
728:
727:Myerslopiidae
724:
723:Melizoderidae
720:
716:
712:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
684:superfamilies
678:
673:
669:
667:
666:Prosorrhyncha
663:
659:
658:Coleorrhyncha
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
630:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
573:
568:
567:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
544:
543:Graphocephala
539:
535:
534:
529:
528:
523:
522:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
454:Stegelytrinae
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
427:
426:Typhlocybinae
423:
419:
415:
413:
409:
401:
398:
394:
391:
388:
385:
381:
378:
374:
371:
367:
366:
365:
360:
359:
354:
345:
343:
342:sharpshooters
339:
336:
332:
329:
324:
322:
319:
315:
312:
307:
305:
301:
300:plant viruses
297:
293:
292:metamorphosis
289:
284:
280:
276:
272:
269:
265:
261:
254:
253:
247:
239:
238:24, see text
235:
230:
225:
220:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
205:Superfamily:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
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150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
133:
129:
126:
122:
118:
117:
112:
107:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
30:Aptian–Recent
22:
19:
3745:Membracoidea
3740:Cicadellidae
3466:CICADELLIDAE
3452:Cicadellidae
3422:Cicadellidae
3421:
3328:Piesmatidae
3310:Oxycarenidae
3287:Idiostolidae
3246:(stilt bugs)
3163:(stink bugs)
2976:Pachynomidae
2950:Medocostidae
2945:Lyctocoridae
2926:
2890:Cimicomorpha
2876:Peloridiidae
2655:Aepophilidae
2636:(shore bugs)
2608:Mesoveliidae
2416:Dipsocoridae
2329:Carsidaridae
2229:Ortheziidae
2191:(lac scales)
2160:Diaspididae
2154:(cochineals)
2117:(beesoniids)
2115:Beesoniidae
2109:(pit scales)
2049:(whiteflies)
2047:Aleyrodidae
2039:Aleyrodoidea
1911:Achilixiidae
1854:Membracidae
1840:
1836:Aetalionidae
1828:Membracoidea
1739:Cicadomorpha
1711:Paraneoptera
1709:Superorder:
1703:Infraclass:
1609:. Retrieved
1605:the original
1564:
1557:Cicadellidae
1545:Cicadellidae
1525:
1507:
1498:
1486:. Retrieved
1457:. Retrieved
1428:. Retrieved
1394:
1388:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1311:
1308:Parasitology
1307:
1294:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1207:(116): 116.
1204:
1200:
1190:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1111:
1107:
1057:
1051:
998:Nastlopiinae
963:Evacanthinae
948:Errhomeninae
933:Cicadellinae
908:
858:
848:Evacanthinae
841:
824:
808:
793:
769:
749:Cicadellinae
742:
713:(aetalionid
711:Aetalionidae
700:monophyletic
696:Membracoidea
681:
639:paraphyletic
636:
626:
624:
620:insectivores
593:
589:chili pepper
580:
570:
564:
560:
552:
545:atropunctata
541:
531:
525:
519:
515:
508:phytoplasmas
489:
485:mud-puddling
462:
446:Membracoidea
434:Exopterygota
431:
405:
363:
356:
341:
338:Cicadellinae
325:
314:Cicadomorpha
308:
304:phytoplasmas
278:
271:Cicadellidae
270:
259:
258:
250:
237:
232:Subfamilies
219:Cicadellidae
218:
209:Membracoidea
114:
18:
3588:iNaturalist
3446:Wikispecies
3385:Heteroptera
3239:Artheneidae
3213:Rhopalidae
3174:Megarididae
3156:Plataspidae
3138:Lestoniidae
3107:Dinidoridae
3051:(flat bugs)
3012:(lace bugs)
2994:Reduviidae
2935:Joppeicidae
2923:Curaliidae
2796:Naucoridae
2788:Naucoroidea
2752:Ochteridae
2746:(toad bugs)
2736:Ochteroidea
2484:Gerromorpha
2376:Heteroptera
2334:Homotomidae
2324:Calophyidae
2319:Aphalaridae
2255:(mealybugs)
1984:Nogodinidae
1979:Meenoplidae
1946:Fulgoridae
1921:Delphacidae
1893:Fulgoroidea
1748:Cercopoidea
1160:(1): 7–21.
1137:(1): 31–60.
1077:Planthopper
1053:Agalliopsis
1033:Tartessinae
958:Eurymelinae
938:Coelidiinae
911:subfamilies
863:(subfamily
846:(subfamily
831:Coelidiinae
829:(subfamily
796:in copula (
733:Subfamilies
719:Membracidae
715:treehoppers
688:Cercopoidea
677:Coelidiinae
662:Heteroptera
633:Systematics
616:parasitoids
614:; numerous
566:Nephotettix
432:Like other
408:brochosomes
121:Eurymelinae
111:treehoppers
24:Leafhoppers
3734:Categories
3292:Lygaeidae
3272:Geocoridae
3244:Berytidae
3231:Lygaeoidea
2915:Cimicidae
2899:Cimicoidea
2694:Corixidae
2686:Corixoidea
2669:Nepomorpha
2344:Psyllidae
2311:Psylloidea
2290:Adelgidae
2189:Kerriidae
2184:Kermesidae
2102:Aclerdidae
2060:Aphidoidea
1989:Ricaniidae
1974:Lophopidae
1969:Kinnaridae
1794:Cicadoidea
1779:Epipygidae
1769:Cercopidae
1697:Subclass:
1687:Arthropoda
1611:2013-07-15
1488:August 24,
1459:August 24,
1430:August 24,
1366:: 91–111.
1083:References
1023:Portaninae
1003:Neobalinae
993:Mileewinae
978:Jascopinae
923:Aphrodinae
886:sweet corn
798:Aphrodinae
692:Cicadoidea
655:apomorphic
502:, such as
477:herbivores
331:Proconiini
311:infraorder
288:pheromones
260:Leafhopper
195:Suborder:
169:Arthropoda
3357:Largidae
3252:Blissidae
3200:Coreidae
3192:Alydidae
3184:Coreoidea
3169:Canopidae
3143:Phloeidae
3112:Cydnidae
3049:Aradidae
3041:Aradoidea
3010:Tingidae
2650:Omaniidae
2634:Saldidae
2543:Hebridae
2535:Hebroidea
2522:Veliidae
2509:Gerridae
2501:Gerroidea
2374:Suborder
2352:Triozidae
2261:Putoidae
2139:Coccidae
2086:Coccoidea
2076:Aphididae
2025:Suborder
1906:Achilidae
1810:Cicadidae
1800:(cicadas)
1725:Suborder
1699:Pterygota
1679:Kingdom:
1668:Hemiptera
1278:1874-9836
1221:1536-2442
1013:Nioniinae
968:Hylicinae
915:phylogeny
675:Nymph of
643:Hemiptera
600:replicate
596:pathogens
469:plant sap
335:subfamily
283:plant sap
266:from the
224:Latreille
189:Hemiptera
155:Kingdom:
149:Eukaryota
125:meat ants
3497:BugGuide
3473:BioLib:
3431:Wikidata
3300:Malcidae
2968:Nabidae
2960:Miridae
2843:Pleidae
2830:Pleoidea
2723:Nepidae
2707:Nepoidea
2066:(aphids)
1954:Gengidae
1941:Flatidae
1926:Derbidae
1916:Cixiidae
1705:Neoptera
1685:Phylum:
1681:Animalia
1670:families
1622:Archived
1575:Archived
1380:16332205
1338:24229807
1286:36637453
1239:23445207
1182:86564882
1066:See also
1043:Ulopinae
983:Ledrinae
973:Iassinae
810:Gyponana
708:families
647:suborder
412:clutches
370:antennae
318:suborder
215:Family:
165:Phylum:
159:Animalia
145:Domain:
3437:Q244452
3305:Ninidae
3267:Cymidae
1964:Issidae
1693:Insecta
1691:Class:
1666:Extant
1329:4413784
1230:3633250
1162:Bibcode
815:Arizona
575:). The
555:), the
504:viruses
496:vectors
450:species
428:species
333:of the
316:in the
296:vectors
279:hoppers
275:insects
264:species
185:Order:
179:Insecta
175:Class:
3717:883285
3681:175505
3668:990675
3652:NZOR:
3619:109171
3606:117103
3541:1CICDF
3375:Note:
1397:: no.
1378:
1336:
1326:
1284:
1276:
1237:
1227:
1219:
1180:
768:Adult
725:, and
481:aphids
397:thorax
377:ocelli
268:family
226:, 1802
3712:WoRMS
3704:13595
3689:Plazi
3645:30102
3601:IRMNG
3593:53237
3554:15880
3515:8HBPX
3489:26328
3476:16831
3383:from
3381:clade
2380:(with
1282:S2CID
1178:S2CID
1104:(PDF)
813:from
759:Japan
704:basal
612:fungi
458:flies
442:pupal
438:nymph
422:Nymph
384:tarsi
328:tribe
3640:NCBI
3614:ITIS
3580:9647
3575:GBIF
3536:EPPO
3484:BOLD
1490:2010
1461:2010
1432:2010
1376:PMID
1334:PMID
1274:ISSN
1235:PMID
1217:ISSN
1114:: 6.
660:and
473:host
382:The
375:Two
302:and
35:Preęž’
3627:NBN
3528:567
3523:EoL
3510:CoL
3502:146
3461:AFD
1399:doi
1368:doi
1324:PMC
1316:doi
1312:142
1266:doi
1225:PMC
1209:doi
1170:doi
757:in
717:),
547:),
536:),
298:of
3736::
3714::
3691::
3678::
3665::
3642::
3629::
3616::
3603::
3590::
3577::
3564::
3551::
3538::
3525::
3512::
3499::
3486::
3463::
3448::
3433::
1506:.
1480:.
1469:^
1451:.
1440:^
1423:.
1411:^
1374:.
1364:51
1362:.
1332:.
1322:.
1310:.
1306:.
1280:.
1272:.
1260:.
1233:.
1223:.
1215:.
1205:12
1203:.
1199:.
1176:.
1168:.
1158:37
1156:.
1152:.
1135:71
1133:.
1129:.
1112:82
1110:.
1106:.
1091:^
1056:,
917:.
729:.
686:–
622:.
506:,
344:.
119:,
85:Pg
3391:.
2929:)
2925:(
2386:)
1659:e
1652:t
1645:v
1614:.
1492:.
1463:.
1434:.
1405:.
1401::
1382:.
1370::
1340:.
1318::
1288:.
1268::
1262:6
1241:.
1211::
1184:.
1172::
1164::
867:)
850:)
833:)
800:)
778:)
774:(
747:(
579:(
559:(
551:(
540:(
514:(
399:.
255:)
113:(
90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:ęž’
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
