438:. However, categorizations are based only on primary consumption habits, therefore observing species that occasionally consume food items outside of their particular classifications is not uncommon. Usually, when leaf-nosed bats consume outside of their primary dietary categorization, it is to ensure sufficient intake of nutrients that their primary food source may not provide. For example, nectar and ripe fruits provide sufficient amounts of carbohydrates and water, but are lacking in protein and fat. To meet basic nutritional requirements, leaf-nosed bats that primarily feed on fruit and nectar must also consume insects to ensure sufficient protein and fat intake and visit
31:
307:
54:
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and diversity of leaf-nosed bats that live there. California leaf-nosed bats in particular are susceptible to human disruption. This species is known to create large roosts in closed mine shafts due to their potential to provide warmth and isolation. When humans enter the shafts or rework old mines, this disrupts the roosts of the leaf-nosed bats and has the potential to be detrimental to the population as a whole.
384:
449:
Most leaf-nosed bats are classified as insectivores and feed on a variety of small insects. Certain species with this classification capture their prey either while in flight or from foliage in trees or on the ground. Carnivorous species feed on a variety of animals ranging from frogs to other bats.
476:
with higher-ranking individuals gaining access to preferred areas of the site. Solitary roosting bats, though, live alone and maintain a strict fidelity to a single roosting site. In some cases, males live alone or with harems, while females prefer to roost with other individuals and their pups. In
391:
New World leaf-nosed bats are bilaterally symmetrical and endothermic mammals characterized by an elaborate outgrowth of skin on their noses, called a nose-leaf, which is believed to aid in echolocation. The nose-leaf can be adorned with a vertical leaf, a concave upward leaf, or multiple accessory
338:
The
Phyllostomidae, also known as New World leaf-nosed bats, are among the most ecologically diverse mammal families, displaying more morphological variation than any other mammalian family. This variation is measured by diversity in skull morphology and diet-related characteristics: Phyllostomidae
497:
Species of New World leaf-nosed bats that make their homes in forested areas are greatly affected by agricultural intensification. Specifically, it has been found that increased agricultural activity by humans causes negative conservation effects on these habitats and as a result reduces abundance
463:
Leaf-nosed bats are gonochoric (separate sexes) that partake in sexual copulation. These bats can live for 20â30 years and females become sexually active at two years of age. Female ovulation occurs from
October through September, after the female mates, the gestation period ranges from 8â9 months
417:
The
Phyllostomidae demonstrate the most diverse dietary habits of any family of bats across the globe. Because of this, general dietary patterns are categorized for each species. Leaf-nosed bats generally specialize in a particular type of diet which leads to classification in one of these groups:
408:
When they are not foraging, leaf-nosed bats roost in abandoned buildings, caves, and beneath folded leaves depending on the species. Nearly every roosting option present among bats is represented within this family, including species that prefer to roost alone, as well as species that roost with
321:
New World leaf-nosed bats are usually brown, grey, or black, although five species are white. They range in size from 4.0 to 13.5 cm (1.6 to 5.3 in) in head-body length, and can weigh from 7 to 200 g (0.25 to 7.05 oz). Most roost in fairly small groups within caves, animal
477:
nearly every species that has been studied, mothers and pups maintain a social bond that lasts beyond nursing. Apparently, young bats can learn food preferences from their mothers and when they are reluctant to leave the nest, mothers literally nudge the infants out of the roost.
464:
with an initial 3- to 5-month diapause period when the fetus growth is slowed; this diapause period is controlled by hormones. The female gives birth to a single pup, which has open ears, open eyes, and the first set of deciduous teeth, and is fully furred at birth.
400:
Like other bats, leaf-nosed bats are nocturnal foragers that use echolocation to locate food sources, though the food sources vary between species. Many bats in the family
Phyllostomidae appear to have limited reliance on echolocation, likely because
392:
leaves; varying by species. Leaf-nosed bats lack a tail, have triangular-shaped ears that can have pointed or rounded tips, range in body size from 4 to 13.5 cm (1.6 to 5.3 in), and have a wingspan of up to 90 cm (35 in) or more.
454:
fall into this general carnivorous category, but are further distinguished by feeding exclusively on blood. In contrast, some species in this family feed on exclusively plants, gaining needed nutrients from fruits and leaves.
3849:
Rodriguez-Herrera, Bernal; Rodriguez, Melissa; Otarola, Mauricio
Fernandez (2018). "Ecological Networks between Tent-Roosting Bats (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) and the Plants Used in a Neotropical Rainforest".
363:âa distinctive characteristic of the familyâis thought to have evolved to reflect the dietary and foraging behavior of different species of Phyllostomidae. With an evolutionary history tracing back to the
4334:
WilliamsâGuillĂ©n, K., & Perfecto, I. (2010). Effects of
Agricultural Intensification on the Assemblage of Leaf-Nosed Bats (Phyllostomidae) in a Coffee Landscape in Chiapas, Mexico. Biotropica, 42(5),
3925:
Elangovan, V., Marimuthu, G., Kunz, T.H. Temporal patterns of resource use by the short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae) (2001) Journal of
Mammalogy, 82 (1), pp. 161-165.
4479:
Knox Jones JR, J. (1958). Pleistocene Bats from San
Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396, December 19, 1958. (
3766:
Ganesh, A.; Mukilan, M.; Marimuthu, G.; Rajan, K.E. (June 2016). "A Novel Food
Preference in the Greater Short-Nosed Fruit Bat, Cynopterus sphinx: Mother-Pup Interaction a Strategy for Learning".
3968:
Bravo, Adriana; Harms, Kyle E.; Emmons, Louise H. (2010). "Puddles created by geophagous mammals are potential mineral sources for frugivorous bats (Stenodermatinae) in the
Peruvian Amazon".
3806:
Kries, Kelly; Barros, Marilia; Duytschaever, Gwen (30 July 2018). "Colour vision variation in leafânosed bats (Phyllostomidae): Links to cave roosting and dietary specialization".
3400:
Wetterer, Andrea L.; et al. (2000). "Phylogeny of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data from Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, and Restriction Sites".
405:
bats do not need to quickly identify flying insects like many other bats. Instead, species of leaf-nosed fruit bats appear to use scent to identify their preferred food sources.
6419:
280:-sized birds. Members of this family have evolved to use food groups such as fruit, nectar, pollen, insects, frogs, other bats, and small vertebrates, and in the case of the
4027:
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Both the scientific and common names derive from their often large, lance-shaped noses, greatly reduced in some of the nectar- and pollen-feeders. Because these bats
7174:
4186:
York, H.A.; Foster, P.F.; Jones, M.F. (1 May 2008). "Observations of cavity-roosting behavior in Costa Rican Lophostoma brasiliense (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)".
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Korine, C.; Kalko, E. K. V. (2005). "Fruit detection and discrimination by small fruit-eating bats (Phyllostomidae): echolocation call design and olfaction".
6652:
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3039:
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3439:"Diversification among New World leaf-nosed bats: An evolutionary hypothesis and classification inferred from digenomic congruence of DNA sequence"
1960:
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1898:
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4089:
Selvanayagam, P.F.L.; Marimuthu, G. (April 1984). "Spatial organization of roosting in the insectivorous tropical bat Hipposideros speoris".
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and the West Indies to northern Argentina. The family inhabits a diverse array of environments and habitats ranging from forests to deserts.
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Dumont, Elizabeth R.; DĂĄvalos, Liliana M.; Goldberg, Aaron; Santana, Sharlene E.; Rex, Katja; Voigt, Christian C. (2012-05-07).
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367:, fossil and phylogenetic evidence suggests the family originated about 30 million years ago. Leaf nosed bats evolved from
4297:
Villalobos, Fabricio; Arita, HĂ©ctor T. (2009-11-27). "The diversity field of New World leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae)".
4234:"Intense natural selection preceded the invasion of new adaptive zones during the radiation of New World leaf-nosed bats"
7539:
7509:
3242:
3211:
7548:
5236:
3107:
1147:
982:
3320:"Roosting ecology of Stenodermatinae bats (Phyllostomidae): evolution of foliage roosting and correlated phenotypes"
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4050:"Postnatal development of morphological features and vocalization in the pomona leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros pomona"
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with sister groups also evolving from this group. The Phyllostomidae consists of 55 genera and about 180 species.
322:
burrows, or hollow trees, although some species aggregate in colonies of several hundred individuals. They do not
295:
nasally, this "nose-leaf" is thought to serve some role in modifying and directing the echolocation call. Similar
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Rossoni, Daniela M.; Assis, Ana Paula A.; Giannini, Norberto P.; Marroig, Gabriel (2017-09-11).
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3532:"Structure of Noseleaf, Echolocation, and Foraging Behavior in the Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera)"
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4730:
3581:"Bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionoidea) Challenge a Recent Origin of Extant Neotropical Diversity"
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1996:
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j. Baker, Robert; r. Hoofer, Steven; Porter, Calvin; Van Den Bussche, Ronald (2003-12-19).
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8:
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3937:"Collpas: Activity Hotspots for Frugivorous Bats (Phyllostomidae) in the Peruvian Amazon"
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4400:"Taxonomic status of the Cuban vampire bat (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Desmodontinae:
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Turvey, S.T. (2009). Holocene mammal extinctions. In: Turvey, S.T. (editor) (2009).
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3483:
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840:
800:
790:
260:, but the phyllostomid bats include within their number true predatory species and
246:
180:
130:
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7596:
7390:
7374:
7308:
6547:
6358:
4628:
4599:
4199:
3736:
Fenton, M.B. (1990). "The foraging behaviour and ecology of animal-eating bats".
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Jin, Long-ru; Lin, Ai-qing; Sun, Ke-ping; Liu, Ying; Feng, Jiang (2010-11-05).
3935:
Bravo, Adriana; Harms, Kyle E.; Stevens, Richard D.; Emmons, Louise H. (2007).
3472:"Morphological innovation, diversification and invasion of a new adaptive zone"
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3684:"Griffin's leaf-nosed bat videos, photos and facts - Hipposideros griffini"
3614:
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1990:
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673:
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439:
192:
139:
4440:
4344:
Kunz, T.H. (1982). Roosting Ecology of Bats. Ecology of Bats pp. 1-55.
4135:
Dwyer, P.D. (1970). "Social organization in the bat Myotis adversus".
3819:
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3336:
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65:
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485:
New World leaf-nosed bats range from the United States, in southern
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3290:(1st ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 512.
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1932:
1711:
638:
525:
431:
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273:
85:
39:
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Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
3848:
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486:
339:
consists of species that have evolved physical modifications for
3579:
Rojas, Danny; Warsi, Omar M.; DĂĄvalos, Liliana M. (2016-02-10).
6584:
5034:
2336:
862:
472:
Among species that roost in groups, some evidence exists for a
443:
95:
75:
264:(subfamily Stenodermatinae and Carolliinae). For example, the
7985:
7873:
6373:
2198:
3469:
3318:
Garbino, Guilherme S. T.; Tavares, Valéria da Cunha (2018).
383:
4537:
4231:
3765:
3661:"Phyllostomidae — Overview New World Leaf-nosed Bats"
3530:
Bogdanowicz, W.; Csada, R. D.; Fenton, M. B. (1997-08-22).
3414:
10.1206/0003-0090(2000)248<0001:POPBMC>2.0.CO;2
277:
226:
3284:
Fleming, Theodore; DĂĄvalos, Liliana; Mello, Marco (2020).
299:
are found in some other groups of bats, most notably the
253:
105:
4215:"Mama Bats Literally Nudge Their Babies Out of the Nest"
3934:
3805:
4427:
Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005.
3529:
4441:
Barquez, R.; Perez, S.; Miller, B.; Diaz, M. (2015).
4088:
245:. They are ecologically the most varied and diverse
4431:(3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp.
4028:"California Leaf-Nosed Bat (Macrotus californicus)"
3283:
3443:Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University
3402:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
3368:
3578:
8005:
4421:
3967:
4296:
4185:
3287:Phyllostomid Bats: A Unique Mammalian Radiation
3317:
326:, although some species have been reported to
6545:
4523:
4473:
4466:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T6510A21979045.en
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4376:
3366:
5761:
5010:
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409:thousands of other individuals every day.
29:
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276:, eats vertebrate prey, including small,
3399:
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305:
8006:
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4388:. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
4330:
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4212:
4130:
4128:
4001:"California Leaf-nosed bat Fact Sheet"
3921:
3919:
3883:
3881:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3761:
3759:
3735:
395:
7781:
7780:
7381:Aratathomas's yellow-shouldered bat (
6544:
5760:
5009:
4594:
4511:
4134:
4022:
4020:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3678:
3676:
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7991:4F19FC10-FFBE-FF8E-FCB6-2740FF058C76
3628:
3626:
3624:
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3523:
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3375:. New York: Facts on File. pp.
4452:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
4325:
4125:
3916:
3890:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
3878:
3794:
3756:
3071:Aratathomas's yellow-shouldered bat
13:
7679:Northern little yellow-eared bat (
7670:Southern little yellow-eared bat (
7492:Talamancan yellow-shouldered bat (
7483:Mistratoan yellow-shouldered bat (
4225:
4017:
3988:
3671:
3650:
3360:
14:
8030:
7540:Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat (
7510:Tschudi's yellow-shouldered bat (
7397:Bidentate yellow-shouldered bat (
3621:
3572:
3520:
3460:
983:Minor long-nosed long-tongued bat
501:
467:
7549:Thomas's yellow-shouldered bat (
7456:Highland yellow-shouldered bat (
6156:White-throated round-eared bat (
5237:Commissaris's long-tongued bat (
4311:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00503.x
3954:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00362.x
3864:10.3161/15081109ACC2018.20.1.010
3780:10.3161/15081109ACC2016.18.1.009
3634:"Phyllostomidae | mammal family"
3192:Talamancan yellow-shouldered bat
3182:Mistratoan yellow-shouldered bat
2972:Northern little yellow-eared bat
2962:Southern little yellow-eared bat
387:Basic leaf-nosed bat body layout
52:
7558:Tilda's yellow-shouldered bat (
7474:Greater yellow-shouldered bat (
7465:Louis's yellow-shouldered bat (
6206:Stripe-headed round-eared bat (
5837:Yellow-throated big-eared bat (
4486:
4347:
4338:
4299:Global Ecology and Biogeography
4290:
4206:
4179:
4082:
4041:
3842:
3729:
3705:
3243:Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat
3212:Tschudi's yellow-shouldered bat
3088:Bidentate yellow-shouldered bat
492:
8019:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
7501:Lesser yellow-shouldered bat (
7447:Little yellow-shouldered bat (
7406:BogotĂĄ yellow-shouldered bat (
7140:Short-headed broad-nosed bat (
6962:Rosenberg's fruit-eating bat (
6326:Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat (
5297:Underwood's long-tongued bat (
3430:
3393:
3311:
3277:
3152:Highland yellow-shouldered bat
3108:Burton's yellow-shouldered bat
2057:White-throated round-eared bat
1148:Commissaris's long-tongued bat
378:
1:
7438:Choco yellow-shouldered bat (
7422:Hairy yellow-shouldered bat (
7213:White-lined broad-nosed bat (
6892:Andersen's fruit-eating bat (
6749:Schwartz's fruit-eating bat (
6740:Flat-faced fruit-eating bat (
6659:Anderson's fruit-eating bat (
6570:Little white-shouldered bat (
6308:Fernandez's sword-nosed bat (
5966:White-bellied big-eared bat (
5878:Waterhouse's leaf-nosed bat (
4704:Benkeith's short-tailed bat (
4157:10.1126/science.168.3934.1006
3270:
3253:Tilda's yellow-shouldered bat
3172:Greater yellow-shouldered bat
3162:Louis's yellow-shouldered bat
2758:Brown-bellied broad-nosed bat
2157:Stripe-headed round-eared bat
1758:Yellow-throated big-eared bat
458:
7712:Bidentate yellow-eared bat (
7661:Melissa's yellow-eared bat (
6919:Gervais's fruit-eating bat (
6686:Fraternal fruit-eating bat (
6111:Carriker's round-eared bat (
5122:Luis Manuel's tailless bat (
5113:Broad-toothed tailless bat (
4800:Fischer's little fruit bat (
4648:Antillean fruit-eating bat (
4411:Caribbean Journal of Science
4200:10.1016/j.mambio.2007.02.008
4103:10.1016/0376-6357(84)90033-0
3202:Lesser yellow-shouldered bat
3142:Little yellow-shouldered bat
3098:Bogota yellow-shouldered bat
2728:Short-headed broad-nosed bat
1678:Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat
1050:Underwood's long-tongued bat
973:Intermediate long-tailed bat
333:
7:
6980:Thomas's fruit-eating bat (
6713:Jamaican fruit-eating bat (
6704:Honduran fruit-eating bat (
6420:Koepcke's spear-nosed bat (
6147:Schultz's round-eared bat (
5869:California leaf-nosed bat (
5732:Vieira's long-tongued bat (
5551:Chestnut long-tongued bat (
5373:Pale brown long-nosed bat (
5273:Pallas's long-tongued bat (
5255:Miller's long-tongued bat (
4758:Sowell's short-tailed bat (
4722:Chestnut short-tailed bat (
3970:Journal of Tropical Ecology
3738:Canadian Journal of Zoology
3371:The Encyclopedia of Mammals
3367:Macdonald, D., ed. (1984).
3118:Hairy yellow-shouldered bat
2886:Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum
2802:White-lined broad-nosed bat
2732:Platyrrhinus brachycephalus
2705:Platyrrhinus angustirostris
2480:Flat-faced fruit-eating bat
2323:Little white-shouldered bat
1845:White-bellied big-eared bat
1788:Saint Vincent big-eared bat
1728:Waterhouse's leaf-nosed bat
1658:Fernandez's sword-nosed bat
1560:Lonchophylla orienticollina
532:Benkeith's short-tailed bat
10:
8035:
7730:Striped yellow-eared bat (
7721:Brock's yellow-eared bat (
7688:Villa's yellow-eared bat (
7652:Kalko's yellow-eared bat (
7229:Matapalo broad-nosed bat (
7181:Heller's broad-nosed bat (
7158:Thomas's broad-nosed bat (
7131:Eldorado broad-nosed bat (
7028:Velvety fruit-eating bat (
6677:Fringed fruit-eating bat (
6317:Northern sword-nosed bat (
6041:Niceforo's big-eared bat (
5984:Schmidts's big-eared bat (
5921:Giovanni's big-eared bat (
5813:Tricolored big-eared bat (
5652:Orcés's long-tongued bat (
5584:Chocoan long-tongued bat (
5264:Western long-tongued bat (
5195:Mexican long-tongued bat (
5153:Godman's long-tailed bat (
4902:Hairy-legged vampire bat (
4878:White-winged vampire bat (
4258:10.1038/s41598-017-08989-6
4221:. Smithsonian Institution.
2992:Bidentate yellow-eared bat
2952:Melissa's yellow-eared bat
2420:Fraternal fruit-eating bat
2277:Fischer's little fruit bat
2007:Carriker's round-eared bat
936:Luis Manuel's tailless bat
926:Broad-toothed tailless bat
761:Antillean fruit-eating bat
272:), the largest bat in the
7789:
7742:
7700:
7632:
7570:
7354:
7330:
7306:
7282:
7270:Greater broad-nosed bat (
7261:Shadowy broad-nosed bat (
7115:Slender broad-nosed bat (
7096:
7064:
7040:
7016:
6992:
6971:Toltec fruit-eating bat (
6928:Silver fruit-eating bat (
6910:BogotĂĄ fruit-eating bat (
6880:
6834:Guadeloupe big-eyed bat (
6805:
6781:
6630:
6618:Jamaican fig-eating bat (
6606:
6582:
6558:
6554:
6540:
6516:Guianan spear-nosed bat (
6507:Greater spear-nosed bat (
6469:
6445:
6436:
6411:Striped hairy-nosed bat (
6371:
6347:
6335:Orinoco sword-nosed bat (
6299:Tomes's sword-nosed bat (
6279:
6270:
6242:
6218:
6197:Greater round-eared bat (
6177:
6138:Western round-eared bat (
6129:Kalko's round-eared bat (
6120:Davis's round-eared bat (
6090:
6066:
6057:
6029:
6005:
5975:Sanborn's big-eared bat (
5912:Brosset's big-eared bat (
5890:
5849:
5825:
5783:
5774:
5770:
5756:
5720:
5696:
5563:
5539:
5530:
5488:
5479:
5451:
5427:
5415:Leach's single leaf bat (
5406:Insular single leaf bat (
5394:
5361:
5331:Southern long-nosed bat (
5309:
5285:
5225:
5207:
5183:
5171:Greater long-tailed bat (
5162:Lesser long-tongued bat (
5141:
5104:Geoffroy's tailless bat (
5032:
5023:
5019:
5005:
4960:
4927:
4918:
4890:
4866:
4842:
4825:
4779:
4749:Seba's short-tailed bat (
4740:Mono's short-tailed bat (
4682:
4673:
4627:
4623:
4590:
4546:
4538:Extant species of family
4067:10.1007/s13364-010-0011-z
3982:10.1017/s0266467409990472
3902:10.1007/s00265-005-0003-1
3713:"Leaf-nosed bat | mammal"
2826:Platyrrhinus matapalensis
2762:Platyrrhinus fusciventris
2440:Honduran fruit-eating bat
2047:Schultz's round-eared bat
1977:Koepcke's hairy-nosed bat
1923:Macrophyllum macrophyllum
1869:Micronycteris schmidtorum
1762:Lampronycteris brachyotis
1718:California leaf-nosed bat
1616:Vieira's long-tongued bat
1448:Chestnut long-tongued bat
1410:Patton's long-tongued bat
1390:Cadena's long-tongued bat
1316:Glyphonycteris sylvestris
1232:Leptonycteris yerbabuenae
1188:Pallas's long-tongued bat
1168:Miller's long-tongued bat
1070:Pale brown long-nosed bat
602:Sowell's short-tailed bat
552:Chestnut short-tailed bat
301:Old World leaf-nosed bats
219:New World leaf-nosed bats
166:
161:
145:
138:
49:Scientific classification
47:
37:
28:
23:
7754:Great stripe-faced bat (
7364:(yellow-shouldered bats)
7252:Recife broad-nosed bat (
6946:Pygmy fruit-eating bat (
6937:Gnome fruit-eating bat (
6901:Aztec fruit-eating bat (
6825:Brazilian big-eyed bat (
6769:Brown fruit-eating bat (
6722:Great fruit-eating bat (
6695:Hairy fruit-eating bat (
6668:Large fruit-eating bat (
6640:(Neotropical fruit bats)
6498:Lesser spear-nosed bat (
6165:Yasuni round-eared bat (
5939:Matses's big-eared bat (
5804:Davies's big-eared bat (
5575:Bokermann's nectar bat (
5340:Greater long-nosed bat (
5095:Tube-lipped nectar bat (
5086:Handley's tailless bat (
4809:Dwarf little fruit bat (
4791:Hairy little fruit bat (
4713:Silky short-tailed bat (
4657:Cuban fruit-eating bat (
3002:Brock's yellow-eared bat
2822:Matapalo broad-nosed bat
2768:Heller's broad-nosed bat
2748:Thomas's broad-nosed bat
2718:Eldorado broad-nosed bat
2614:Velvety fruit-eating bat
2410:Fringed fruit-eating bat
1981:Gardnerycteris koepckeae
1971:Gardnerycteris crenulata
1865:Schmidts's big-eared bat
1799:Micronycteris giovanniae
1668:Northern sword-nosed bat
1549:Orcés's long-tongued bat
1533:Lonchophylla inexpectata
1478:Chocoan long-tongued bat
1352:Niceforo's big-eared bat
1312:Tricolored big-eared bat
1178:Western long-tongued bat
1172:Glossophaga longirostris
1152:Glossophaga commissarisi
1013:Mexican long-tongued bat
977:Choeroniscus intermedius
963:Godman's long-tailed bat
726:Hairy-legged vampire bat
709:White-winged vampire bat
480:
237:, specifically from the
7620:Brown tent-making bat (
7197:Buffy broad-nosed bat (
7149:Choco broad-nosed bat (
6843:Salvin's big-eyed bat (
6731:Dark fruit-eating bat (
6102:Pygmy round-eared bat (
5993:Yates's big-eared bat (
5600:Dekeyser's nectar bat (
5382:Dark long-tongued bat (
5349:Lesser long-nosed bat (
5246:Gray long-tongued bat (
5061:Cadena's tailless bat (
4767:Gray short-tailed bat (
4731:Manu short-tailed bat (
4035:DUDEK ICF International
3717:Encyclopedia Britannica
3638:Encyclopedia Britannica
2862:Greater broad-nosed bat
2852:Shadowy broad-nosed bat
2832:Western broad-nosed bat
2812:Quechua broad-nosed bat
2742:Platyrrhinus chocoensis
2701:Slender broad-nosed bat
2537:Guadeloupe big-eyed bat
2363:Jamaican fig-eating bat
2147:Greater round-eared bat
2131:Phyllostomus latifolius
2127:Guianan spear-nosed bat
2117:Greater spear-nosed bat
2037:Western round-eared bat
2027:Kalko's round-eared bat
2017:Davis's round-eared bat
1967:Striped hairy-nosed bat
1855:Sanborn's big-eared bat
1829:Micronycteris megalotis
1778:Brosset's big-eared bat
1692:Lonchorhina orinocensis
1688:Orinoco sword-nosed bat
1682:Lonchorhina marinkellei
1648:Tomes's sword-nosed bat
1472:Lonchophylla bokermanni
1258:Leach's single leaf bat
1248:Insular single leaf bat
1208:Southern long-nosed bat
1054:Hylonycteris underwoodi
1034:Dryadonycteris capixaba
1017:Choeronycteris mexicana
993:Greater long-tailed bat
916:Geoffroy's tailless bat
831:Puerto Rican flower bat
765:Brachyphylla cavernarum
592:Seba's short-tailed bat
586:Carollia monohernandezi
582:Mono's short-tailed bat
412:
239:Southwest United States
7084:Cuban fig-eating bat (
6489:Pale spear-nosed bat (
6402:Cozumelan golden bat (
6078:Big-eared woolly bat (
5957:Common big-eared bat (
5948:Little big-eared bat (
5618:Handley's nectar bat (
5463:Ega long-tongued bat (
3488:10.1098/rspb.2011.2005
3029:Great stripe-faced bat
2846:Platyrrhinus recifinus
2842:Recife broad-nosed bat
2836:Platyrrhinus nitelinea
2695:Platyrrhinus albericoi
2638:Mesophylla macconnelli
2527:Brazilian big-eyed bat
2460:Great fruit-eating bat
2430:Hairy fruit-eating bat
2400:Brown fruit-eating bat
2390:Large fruit-eating bat
2384:Artibeus aequatorialis
2287:Dwarf little fruit bat
2267:Hairy little fruit bat
2111:Phyllostomus elongatus
2107:Lesser spear-nosed bat
2041:Lophostoma occidentale
2001:Lophostoma brasiliense
1859:Micronycteris sanborni
1839:Micronycteris microtis
1782:Micronycteris brosseti
1662:Lonchorhina fernandezi
1570:Lonchophylla peracchii
1506:Lonchophylla fornicata
1499:Lonchophylla dekeyseri
1468:Bokermann's nectar bat
1306:Glyphonycteris daviesi
1302:Davies's big-eared bat
1218:Greater long-nosed bat
1212:Leptonycteris curasoae
1104:Musonycteris harrisoni
906:Tube-lipped nectar bat
896:Handley's tailless bat
825:Phyllonycteris aphylla
771:Cuban fruit-eating bat
596:Carollia perspicillata
562:Silky short-tailed bat
542:Silky short-tailed bat
388:
318:
7973:Paleobiology Database
7074:(Falcate-winged bats)
6852:Little big-eyed bat (
6017:Least big-eared bat (
5930:Hairy big-eared bat (
5684:Thomas's nectar bat (
5643:Godman's nectar bat (
5514:Thomas's nectar bat (
5077:Tailed tailless bat (
4972:Jamaican flower bat (
4213:Lallensack, Rachael.
4091:Behavioural Processes
3947:(2). Wiley: 203â210.
3852:Acta Chiropterologica
3768:Acta Chiropterologica
3598:10.1093/sysbio/syw011
3186:Sturnira mistratensis
3136:Sturnira koopmanhilli
3075:Sturnira aratathomasi
3033:Vampyrodes caraccioli
3013:Vampyriscus nymphaeus
2936:Uroderma magnirostrum
2932:Brown tent-making bat
2866:Platyrrhinus vittatus
2856:Platyrrhinus umbratus
2806:Platyrrhinus lineatus
2789:Platyrrhinus infuscus
2785:Buffy broad-nosed bat
2752:Platyrrhinus dorsalis
2738:Choco broad-nosed bat
2722:Platyrrhinus aurarius
2561:Chiroderma trinitatum
2547:Salvin's big-eyed bat
2541:Chiroderma improvisum
2484:Artibeus planirostris
2470:Dark fruit-eating bat
2281:Rhinophylla fischerae
2121:Phyllostomus hastatus
2101:Phyllostomus discolor
1997:Pygmy round-eared bat
1875:Yates's big-eared bat
1815:Matses' big-eared bat
1809:Micronycteris hirsuta
1722:Macrotus californicus
1672:Lonchorhina inusitata
1600:Platalina genovensium
1566:Peracchi's nectar bat
1526:Lonchophylla hesperia
1516:Lonchophylla handleyi
1495:Dekeyser's nectar bat
1482:Lonchophylla chocoana
1452:Lionycteris spurrelli
1296:Glyphonycteris behnii
1252:Monophyllus plethodon
1228:Lesser long-nosed bat
1222:Leptonycteris nivalis
1158:Gray long-tongued bat
1084:Lichonycteris obscura
1080:Dark long-tongued bat
1074:Lichonycteris degener
997:Choeroniscus periosus
876:Cadena's tailless bat
612:Gray short-tailed bat
572:Manu short-tailed bat
508:FAMILY PHYLLOSTOMIDAE
446:and other nutrients.
386:
309:
7580:(Tent-building bats)
7004:Honduran white bat (
6861:Hairy big-eyed bat (
5627:Western nectar bat (
4854:Common vampire bat (
4459:: e.T6510A21979045.
4386:Holocene Extinctions
4005:www.desertmuseum.org
3665:Encyclopedia of Life
3536:Journal of Mammalogy
3216:Sturnira oporaphilum
3129:Sturnira hondurensis
2796:Platyrrhinus ismaeli
2779:Platyrrhinus incarum
2772:Platyrrhinus helleri
2712:Platyrrhinus aquilus
2678:Pygoderma bilabiatum
2654:Cuban fig-eating bat
2454:Artibeus jamaicensis
2424:Artibeus fraterculus
2271:Rhinophylla alethina
2215:Cozumelan golden bat
2189:Chrotopterus auritus
2185:Big-eared woolly bat
2097:Pale spear-nosed bat
2061:Lophostoma silvicola
2011:Lophostoma carrikeri
1879:Micronycteris yatesi
1849:Micronycteris minuta
1835:Common big-eared bat
1825:Little big-eared bat
1819:Micronycteris matses
1792:Micronycteris buriri
1732:Macrotus waterhousii
1620:Xeronycteris vieirai
1580:Lonchophylla robusta
1539:Goldman's nectar bat
1512:Handley's nectar bat
1489:Lonchophylla concava
1356:Trinycteris nicefori
1192:Glossophaga soricina
1120:Ega long-tongued bat
967:Choeroniscus godmani
845:Phyllonycteris poeyi
835:Phyllonycteris major
795:Erophylla bombifrons
229:found from southern
7642:(yellow-eared bats)
6793:Wrinkle-faced bat (
6381:(Gray's Spear-nosed
6230:Fringe-lipped bat (
5675:Orange nectar bat (
5609:Arched nectar bat (
4250:2017NatSR...711076R
4149:1970Sci...168.1006D
4143:(3934): 1006â1008.
3482:(1734): 1797â1805.
3122:Sturnira erythromos
3112:Sturnira burtonlimi
3102:Sturnira bogotensis
2618:Enchisthenes hartii
2578:Chiroderma vizottoi
2571:Chiroderma villosum
2557:Little big-eyed bat
2444:Artibeus inopinatus
2414:Artibeus fimbriatus
2291:Rhinophylla pumilio
2081:Phylloderma stenops
1805:Hairy big-eared bat
1553:Lonchophylla orcesi
1543:Lonchophylla mordax
1424:Hsunycteris thomasi
1420:Thomas's nectar bat
1414:Hsunycteris pattoni
1394:Hsunycteris cadenai
1336:Neonycteris pusilla
1332:Least big-eared bat
1262:Monophyllus redmani
1182:Glossophaga morenoi
1162:Glossophaga leachii
886:Tailed tailless bat
821:Jamaican flower bat
805:Erophylla sezekorni
688:Stock's vampire bat
566:Carollia colombiana
546:Carollia brevicauda
396:Biology and ecology
256:. Most species are
7052:MacConnell's bat (
6479:(spear-nosed bats)
6289:(sword-nosed bats)
6187:(round-eared bats)
5708:Long-snouted bat (
4981:Cuban flower bat (
4948:Buffy flower bat (
4939:Brown flower bat (
4398:SuĂĄrez, W (2005).
4238:Scientific Reports
3585:Systematic Biology
3223:Sturnira parvidens
3006:Vampyriscus brocki
2996:Vampyriscus bidens
2966:Vampyressa pusilla
2956:Vampyressa melissa
2926:Uroderma bilobatum
2594:Honduran white bat
2567:Hairy big-eyed bat
2551:Chiroderma salvini
2491:Artibeus schwartzi
2464:Artibeus lituratus
2450:Jamaican fruit bat
2367:Ariteus flavescens
2161:Tonatia saurophila
2051:Lophostoma schulzi
2031:Lophostoma kalkoae
1943:Trachops cirrhosus
1652:Lonchorhina aurita
1522:Western nectar bat
1400:Dashe's nectar bat
1124:Scleronycteris ega
987:Choeroniscus minor
940:Anoura luismanueli
679:Common vampire bat
536:Carollia benkeithi
389:
319:
311:Common vampire bat
8001:
8000:
7960:Open Tree of Life
7783:Taxon identifiers
7774:
7773:
7770:
7769:
7766:
7765:
7645:
7597:Tent-making bat (
7583:
7367:
7142:P. brachycephalus
7117:P. angustirostris
7077:
6818:
6643:
6536:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6482:
6432:
6431:
6386:
6359:Long-legged bat (
6292:
6266:
6265:
6190:
6053:
6052:
5905:
5900:(Little Big-eared
5862:
5752:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5662:L. orienticollina
5526:
5525:
5475:
5474:
5324:
5047:
5001:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4914:
4913:
4836:
4821:
4820:
4742:C. monohernandezi
4697:
4669:
4668:
4445:Desmodus rotundus
4188:Mammalian Biology
4054:Acta Theriologica
3820:10.1111/mec.14818
3814:(18): 3627â3640.
3808:Molecular Ecology
3386:978-0-87196-871-5
3337:10.1111/mam.12114
3297:978-0-226-69612-6
3247:Sturnira sorianoi
3230:Sturnira paulsoni
3156:Sturnira ludovici
2976:Vampyressa thyone
2816:Platyrrhinus masu
2658:Phyllops falcatus
2531:Chiroderma doriae
2507:Wrinkle-faced bat
2474:Artibeus obscurus
2434:Artibeus hirsutus
2404:Artibeus concolor
2327:Ametrida centurio
2239:Vampyrum spectrum
2021:Lophostoma evotis
1939:Fringe-lipped bat
1576:Orange nectar bat
1404:Hsunycteris dashe
870:Anoura aequatoris
775:Brachyphylla nana
667:Cuban vampire bat
654:Giant vampire bat
556:Carollia castanea
315:Desmodus rotundus
270:Vampyrum spectrum
215:
214:
134:
8026:
7994:
7993:
7981:
7980:
7968:
7967:
7955:
7954:
7942:
7941:
7929:
7928:
7916:
7915:
7903:
7902:
7890:
7889:
7877:
7876:
7864:
7863:
7851:
7850:
7838:
7837:
7825:
7824:
7823:
7810:
7809:
7808:
7778:
7777:
7644:
7643:
7639:
7582:
7581:
7577:
7366:
7365:
7361:
7076:
7075:
7071:
6817:
6816:
6812:
6661:A. aequatorialis
6642:
6641:
6637:
6556:
6555:
6542:
6541:
6481:
6480:
6476:
6457:Pale-faced bat (
6443:
6442:
6385:
6384:
6378:
6291:
6290:
6286:
6277:
6276:
6189:
6188:
6184:
6064:
6063:
5904:
5903:
5897:
5861:
5860:
5859:(big-eared bats)
5856:
5781:
5780:
5772:
5771:
5758:
5757:
5537:
5536:
5486:
5485:
5323:
5322:
5321:long-nosed bats)
5316:
5046:
5045:
5044:long-nosed bats)
5039:
5030:
5029:
5021:
5020:
5007:
5006:
4925:
4924:
4920:Phyllonycterinae
4840:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4830:
4751:C. perspicillata
4696:
4695:
4694:leaf-nosed bats)
4689:
4680:
4679:
4634:
4633:
4625:
4624:
4615:Phyllonycterinae
4592:
4591:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4509:
4508:
4502:
4490:
4484:
4481:Available online
4477:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4438:
4432:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4408:
4395:
4389:
4382:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4355:"Phyllostomidae"
4351:
4345:
4342:
4336:
4332:
4323:
4322:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4277:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4132:
4123:
4122:
4097:(2â3): 113â121.
4086:
4080:
4079:
4069:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4032:
4024:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
3997:
3986:
3985:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3932:
3926:
3923:
3914:
3913:
3885:
3876:
3875:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3803:
3792:
3791:
3763:
3754:
3753:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3690:. Archived from
3680:
3669:
3668:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3630:
3619:
3618:
3600:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3551:
3527:
3518:
3517:
3507:
3467:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3374:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3339:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3281:
3040:Vampyrodes major
2906:Stenoderma rufum
2634:MacConnell's bat
2347:Ardops nichollsi
1596:Long-snouted bat
1276:Glyphonycterinae
920:Anoura geoffroyi
910:Anoura fistulata
841:Cuban flower bat
801:Buffy flower bat
791:Brown flower bat
671:D. puntajudensis
645:D. archaeodaptes
616:Carollia subrufa
606:Carollia sowelli
474:social hierarchy
181:Glyphonycterinae
129:
57:
56:
33:
24:Leaf-nosed bats
21:
20:
8034:
8033:
8029:
8028:
8027:
8025:
8024:
8023:
8004:
8003:
8002:
7997:
7989:
7984:
7976:
7971:
7963:
7958:
7950:
7945:
7937:
7932:
7924:
7919:
7911:
7906:
7898:
7893:
7885:
7880:
7872:
7867:
7859:
7854:
7846:
7841:
7833:
7828:
7819:
7818:
7813:
7804:
7803:
7798:
7785:
7775:
7762:
7738:
7696:
7641:
7640:
7638:
7628:
7622:U. magnirostrum
7579:
7578:
7576:
7566:
7485:S. mistratensis
7440:S. koopmanhilli
7383:S. aratathomasi
7363:
7362:
7360:
7350:
7342:Red fruit bat (
7326:
7309:Sphaeronycteris
7302:
7278:
7231:P. matapalensis
7168:P. fusciventris
7092:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7060:
7036:
7012:
6988:
6876:
6815:(big-eyed bats)
6814:
6813:
6811:
6801:
6777:
6742:A. planirostris
6639:
6638:
6636:
6626:
6602:
6578:
6550:
6548:Stenodermatinae
6524:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6465:
6438:Phyllostomatini
6428:
6382:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6367:
6361:M. macrophyllum
6343:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6262:
6238:
6214:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6173:
6140:L. occidentalis
6086:
6049:
6025:
6001:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5886:
5871:M. californicus
5858:
5857:
5855:
5845:
5821:
5766:
5740:
5716:
5692:
5559:
5522:
5471:
5447:
5423:
5390:
5357:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5305:
5281:
5257:G. longirostris
5239:G. commissarisi
5221:
5203:
5179:
5137:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5015:
4989:
4956:
4910:
4886:
4862:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4817:
4775:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4665:
4629:Brachyphyllinae
4619:
4600:Brachyphyllinae
4586:
4542:
4536:
4506:
4505:
4491:
4487:
4478:
4474:
4439:
4435:
4426:
4422:
4406:
4396:
4392:
4383:
4374:
4364:
4362:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4343:
4339:
4333:
4326:
4295:
4291:
4230:
4226:
4219:Smithsonian.com
4211:
4207:
4184:
4180:
4133:
4126:
4087:
4083:
4046:
4042:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4018:
4009:
4007:
3999:
3998:
3989:
3966:
3962:
3933:
3929:
3924:
3917:
3886:
3879:
3847:
3843:
3804:
3795:
3764:
3757:
3750:10.1139/z90-061
3734:
3730:
3721:
3719:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3697:
3695:
3682:
3681:
3672:
3659:
3658:
3651:
3642:
3640:
3632:
3631:
3622:
3577:
3573:
3549:10.2307/1382954
3528:
3521:
3476:Proc. R. Soc. B
3468:
3461:
3452:
3450:
3435:
3431:
3398:
3394:
3387:
3365:
3361:
3316:
3312:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3257:Sturnira tildae
3196:Sturnira mordax
3146:Sturnira lilium
3092:Sturnira bidens
3082:Sturnira bakeri
3065:Sturnira angeli
2922:Tent-making bat
2876:Sphaeronycteris
2598:Ectophylla alba
2394:Artibeus amplus
2303:Stenodermatinae
2219:Mimon cozumelae
2209:Mimon bennettii
1919:Long-legged bat
1744:Micronycterinae
1370:Lonchophyllinae
930:Anoura latidens
900:Anoura cultrata
890:Anoura caudifer
856:Choeronycterini
633:- vampire bats
504:
495:
483:
470:
461:
415:
398:
381:
369:Yangochiroptera
336:
209:Stenodermatinae
207:
203:
199:
197:Micronycterinae
195:
191:
187:
185:Lonchophyllinae
183:
179:
175:
171:
157:
151:
128:
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8032:
8022:
8021:
8016:
8014:Phyllostomidae
7999:
7998:
7996:
7995:
7982:
7969:
7956:
7943:
7930:
7917:
7904:
7891:
7878:
7865:
7852:
7839:
7835:Phyllostomidae
7826:
7821:Phyllostomidae
7811:
7795:
7793:
7791:Phyllostomidae
7787:
7786:
7772:
7771:
7768:
7767:
7764:
7763:
7761:
7760:
7750:
7748:
7740:
7739:
7737:
7736:
7727:
7718:
7708:
7706:
7698:
7697:
7695:
7694:
7685:
7676:
7667:
7658:
7654:V. elisabethae
7648:
7646:
7630:
7629:
7627:
7626:
7617:
7610:
7603:
7594:
7586:
7584:
7568:
7567:
7565:
7564:
7555:
7546:
7537:
7530:
7523:
7516:
7512:S. oporaphilum
7507:
7498:
7489:
7480:
7471:
7462:
7453:
7444:
7435:
7432:S. hondurensis
7428:
7419:
7412:
7403:
7394:
7387:
7378:
7370:
7368:
7352:
7351:
7349:
7348:
7338:
7336:
7328:
7327:
7325:
7324:
7320:S. toxophyllum
7314:
7312:
7304:
7303:
7301:
7300:
7290:
7288:
7280:
7279:
7277:
7276:
7267:
7258:
7249:
7242:
7235:
7226:
7219:
7210:
7203:
7194:
7187:
7178:
7171:
7164:
7155:
7146:
7137:
7128:
7121:
7112:
7104:
7102:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7090:
7080:
7078:
7062:
7061:
7059:
7058:
7054:M. macconnelli
7048:
7046:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7034:
7024:
7022:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7010:
7000:
6998:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6986:
6977:
6968:
6959:
6952:
6943:
6934:
6925:
6916:
6907:
6898:
6888:
6886:
6878:
6877:
6875:
6874:
6867:
6858:
6849:
6840:
6831:
6821:
6819:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6799:
6789:
6787:
6779:
6778:
6776:
6775:
6756:
6755:
6746:
6737:
6728:
6719:
6715:A. jamaicensis
6710:
6701:
6692:
6688:A. fraterculus
6683:
6674:
6665:
6646:
6644:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6624:
6614:
6612:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6600:
6590:
6588:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6576:
6566:
6564:
6552:
6551:
6538:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6530:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6522:
6513:
6504:
6495:
6485:
6483:
6467:
6466:
6464:
6463:
6453:
6451:
6440:
6434:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6426:
6417:
6408:
6399:
6389:
6387:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6355:
6353:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6341:
6337:L. orinocensis
6332:
6328:L. marinkellei
6323:
6314:
6305:
6295:
6293:
6274:
6268:
6267:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6260:
6254:Spectral bat (
6250:
6248:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6226:
6224:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6203:
6193:
6191:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6162:
6153:
6144:
6135:
6126:
6117:
6108:
6104:L. brasiliense
6098:
6096:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6084:
6074:
6072:
6061:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6037:
6035:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6013:
6011:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5990:
5986:M. schmidtorum
5981:
5972:
5963:
5954:
5945:
5936:
5927:
5918:
5908:
5906:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5884:
5880:M. waterhousii
5875:
5865:
5863:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5833:
5831:
5828:Lampronycteris
5823:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5810:
5801:
5791:
5789:
5786:Glyphonycteris
5778:
5776:Micronycterini
5768:
5767:
5764:Phyllostominae
5754:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5738:
5728:
5726:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5710:P. genovensium
5704:
5702:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5690:
5681:
5672:
5665:
5658:
5649:
5640:
5637:L. inexpectata
5633:
5624:
5615:
5606:
5597:
5590:
5581:
5571:
5569:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5557:
5547:
5545:
5534:
5532:Lonchophyllini
5528:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5511:
5504:
5496:
5494:
5483:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5459:
5457:
5454:Scleronycteris
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5435:
5433:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5412:
5402:
5400:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5379:
5369:
5367:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5351:L. yerbabuenae
5346:
5337:
5327:
5325:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5293:
5291:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5270:
5261:
5252:
5243:
5233:
5231:
5223:
5222:
5215:
5213:
5210:Dryadonycteris
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5191:
5189:
5186:Choeronycteris
5181:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5168:
5159:
5149:
5147:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5128:
5124:A. luismanueli
5119:
5110:
5101:
5092:
5083:
5074:
5067:
5058:
5050:
5048:
5027:
5017:
5016:
5013:Glossophaginae
5003:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4978:
4968:
4966:
4963:Phyllonycteris
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4945:
4935:
4933:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4898:
4896:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4874:
4872:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4850:
4848:
4837:
4833:(vampire bats)
4823:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4806:
4797:
4787:
4785:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4764:
4755:
4746:
4737:
4728:
4719:
4710:
4700:
4698:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4654:
4644:
4642:
4631:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4578:
4576:Laurasiatheria
4572:
4566:
4560:
4554:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4540:Phyllostomidae
4535:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4512:
4504:
4503:
4485:
4472:
4433:
4420:
4390:
4372:
4346:
4337:
4324:
4305:(2): 200â211.
4289:
4224:
4205:
4194:(3): 230â232.
4178:
4124:
4081:
4040:
4016:
3987:
3976:(2): 173â184.
3960:
3927:
3915:
3877:
3858:(1): 139â145.
3841:
3793:
3774:(1): 193â198.
3755:
3744:(3): 411â422.
3728:
3704:
3670:
3649:
3620:
3591:(3): 432â448.
3571:
3542:(3): 942â953.
3519:
3459:
3429:
3392:
3385:
3359:
3310:
3296:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3250:
3240:
3237:Sturnira perla
3233:
3226:
3219:
3209:
3199:
3189:
3179:
3176:Sturnira magna
3169:
3166:Sturnira luisi
3159:
3149:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3115:
3105:
3095:
3085:
3078:
3068:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3036:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3009:
2999:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2969:
2959:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2929:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2859:
2849:
2839:
2829:
2819:
2809:
2799:
2792:
2782:
2775:
2765:
2755:
2745:
2735:
2725:
2715:
2708:
2698:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2564:
2554:
2544:
2534:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2511:Centurio senex
2496:
2495:
2494:
2487:
2477:
2467:
2457:
2447:
2437:
2427:
2417:
2407:
2397:
2387:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2310:Stenodermatini
2298:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2284:
2274:
2253:Rhinophyllinae
2248:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2212:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2154:
2151:Tonatia bidens
2136:
2135:
2134:
2124:
2114:
2104:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2077:Pale-faced bat
2066:
2065:
2064:
2054:
2044:
2034:
2024:
2014:
2004:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1974:
1961:Gardnerycteris
1950:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1902:
1891:Phyllostominae
1886:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1872:
1862:
1852:
1842:
1832:
1822:
1812:
1802:
1795:
1785:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1752:Lampronycteris
1739:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1725:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1685:
1675:
1665:
1655:
1634:Lonchorhininae
1629:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1556:
1546:
1536:
1529:
1519:
1509:
1502:
1492:
1485:
1475:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1435:Lonchophyllini
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1417:
1407:
1397:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1309:
1299:
1286:Glyphonycteris
1271:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1255:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1225:
1215:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1185:
1175:
1165:
1155:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1114:Scleronycteris
1109:
1108:
1107:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1077:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1027:Dryadonycteris
1022:
1021:
1020:
1007:Choeronycteris
1002:
1001:
1000:
990:
980:
970:
952:
951:
950:
947:Anoura peruana
943:
933:
923:
913:
903:
893:
883:
880:Anoura cadenai
873:
852:
851:
850:
849:
848:
838:
828:
815:Phyllonycteris
810:
809:
808:
798:
780:
779:
778:
768:
748:Brachyphyllini
741:Glossophaginae
736:
735:
734:
733:
732:
717:
716:
715:
700:
699:
698:
685:
676:
664:
651:
625:
624:
623:
622:
621:
620:
619:
609:
599:
589:
579:
569:
559:
549:
539:
505:
503:
502:Classification
500:
494:
491:
482:
479:
469:
468:Social systems
466:
460:
457:
436:haematophagous
414:
411:
397:
394:
380:
377:
335:
332:
223:Phyllostomidae
213:
212:
205:Rhinophyllinae
201:Phyllostominae
189:Lonchorhininae
177:Glossophaginae
164:
163:
159:
158:
152:
143:
142:
136:
135:
126:Phyllostomidae
123:
119:
118:
116:Noctilionoidea
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
45:
44:
35:
34:
26:
25:
16:Family of bats
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8031:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8011:
8009:
7992:
7987:
7983:
7979:
7974:
7970:
7966:
7961:
7957:
7953:
7948:
7944:
7940:
7935:
7931:
7927:
7922:
7918:
7914:
7909:
7905:
7901:
7896:
7892:
7888:
7883:
7879:
7875:
7870:
7866:
7862:
7857:
7853:
7849:
7844:
7840:
7836:
7831:
7827:
7822:
7816:
7812:
7807:
7801:
7797:
7796:
7794:
7792:
7788:
7784:
7779:
7759:
7757:
7756:V. caraccioli
7752:
7751:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7741:
7735:
7733:
7728:
7726:
7724:
7719:
7717:
7715:
7710:
7709:
7707:
7705:
7704:
7699:
7693:
7691:
7686:
7684:
7682:
7677:
7675:
7673:
7668:
7666:
7664:
7659:
7657:
7655:
7650:
7649:
7647:
7637:
7636:
7631:
7625:
7623:
7618:
7616:
7615:
7611:
7609:
7608:
7604:
7602:
7600:
7595:
7593:
7592:
7588:
7587:
7585:
7575:
7574:
7569:
7563:
7561:
7556:
7554:
7552:
7547:
7545:
7543:
7538:
7536:
7535:
7531:
7529:
7528:
7524:
7522:
7521:
7517:
7515:
7513:
7508:
7506:
7504:
7499:
7497:
7495:
7490:
7488:
7486:
7481:
7479:
7477:
7472:
7470:
7468:
7463:
7461:
7459:
7454:
7452:
7450:
7445:
7443:
7441:
7436:
7434:
7433:
7429:
7427:
7425:
7424:S. erythromos
7420:
7418:
7417:
7416:S. burtonlimi
7413:
7411:
7409:
7408:S. bogotensis
7404:
7402:
7400:
7395:
7393:
7392:
7388:
7386:
7384:
7379:
7377:
7376:
7372:
7371:
7369:
7359:
7358:
7353:
7347:
7345:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7335:
7334:
7329:
7323:
7321:
7318:Visored bat (
7316:
7315:
7313:
7311:
7310:
7305:
7299:
7297:
7296:P. bilabiatum
7294:Ipanema bat (
7292:
7291:
7289:
7287:
7286:
7281:
7275:
7273:
7268:
7266:
7264:
7259:
7257:
7255:
7250:
7248:
7247:
7243:
7241:
7240:
7236:
7234:
7232:
7227:
7225:
7224:
7220:
7218:
7216:
7211:
7209:
7208:
7204:
7202:
7200:
7195:
7193:
7192:
7188:
7186:
7184:
7179:
7177:
7176:
7175:P. guianensis
7172:
7170:
7169:
7165:
7163:
7161:
7156:
7154:
7152:
7151:P. chocoensis
7147:
7145:
7143:
7138:
7136:
7134:
7129:
7127:
7126:
7122:
7120:
7118:
7113:
7111:
7110:
7106:
7105:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7095:
7089:
7087:
7082:
7081:
7079:
7069:
7068:
7063:
7057:
7055:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7045:
7044:
7039:
7033:
7031:
7026:
7025:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7015:
7009:
7007:
7002:
7001:
6999:
6997:
6996:
6991:
6985:
6983:
6978:
6976:
6974:
6969:
6967:
6965:
6964:D. rosenbergi
6960:
6958:
6957:
6953:
6951:
6949:
6944:
6942:
6940:
6935:
6933:
6931:
6926:
6924:
6922:
6917:
6915:
6913:
6912:D. bogotensis
6908:
6906:
6904:
6899:
6897:
6895:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6868:
6866:
6864:
6859:
6857:
6855:
6854:C. trinitatum
6850:
6848:
6846:
6841:
6839:
6837:
6836:C. improvisum
6832:
6830:
6828:
6823:
6822:
6820:
6810:
6809:
6804:
6798:
6796:
6791:
6790:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6780:
6774:
6772:
6766:
6765:
6764:
6758:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6747:
6745:
6743:
6738:
6736:
6734:
6729:
6727:
6725:
6720:
6718:
6716:
6711:
6709:
6707:
6706:A. inopinatus
6702:
6700:
6698:
6693:
6691:
6689:
6684:
6682:
6680:
6679:A. fimbriatus
6675:
6673:
6671:
6666:
6664:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6654:
6648:
6647:
6645:
6635:
6634:
6629:
6623:
6621:
6620:A. flavescens
6616:
6615:
6613:
6611:
6610:
6605:
6599:
6597:
6592:
6591:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6581:
6575:
6573:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6563:
6562:
6557:
6553:
6549:
6543:
6539:
6521:
6519:
6518:P. latifolius
6514:
6512:
6510:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6496:
6494:
6492:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6462:
6460:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6450:
6449:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6435:
6425:
6423:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6413:M. crenulatum
6409:
6407:
6405:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6391:
6390:
6388:
6376:
6375:
6370:
6364:
6362:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6351:
6346:
6340:
6338:
6333:
6331:
6329:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6315:
6313:
6311:
6310:L. fernandezi
6306:
6304:
6302:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6284:
6283:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6272:Lonchorhinini
6269:
6259:
6257:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6241:
6235:
6233:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6217:
6211:
6209:
6208:T. saurophila
6204:
6202:
6200:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6182:
6181:
6176:
6170:
6168:
6163:
6161:
6159:
6158:L. silvicolum
6154:
6152:
6150:
6145:
6143:
6141:
6136:
6134:
6132:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6095:
6094:
6089:
6083:
6081:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6070:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6056:
6046:
6044:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6028:
6022:
6020:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6004:
5998:
5996:
5991:
5989:
5987:
5982:
5980:
5978:
5973:
5971:
5969:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5937:
5935:
5933:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5923:M. giovanniae
5919:
5917:
5915:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5895:
5894:
5893:Micronycteris
5889:
5883:
5881:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5842:
5840:
5839:L. brachyotis
5835:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5829:
5824:
5818:
5816:
5815:G. sylvestris
5811:
5809:
5807:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5765:
5759:
5755:
5737:
5735:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5725:
5724:
5719:
5713:
5711:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5689:
5687:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5673:
5671:
5670:
5666:
5664:
5663:
5659:
5657:
5655:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5598:
5596:
5595:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5577:L. bokermanni
5573:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5562:
5556:
5554:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5529:
5519:
5517:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5478:
5468:
5466:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5444:
5442:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5426:
5420:
5418:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5387:
5385:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5364:Lichonycteris
5360:
5354:
5352:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5314:
5313:
5312:Leptonycteris
5308:
5302:
5300:
5299:H. underwoodi
5295:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5278:
5276:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5200:
5198:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5176:
5174:
5169:
5167:
5165:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5102:
5100:
5098:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5055:A. aequatoris
5052:
5051:
5049:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5025:Glossophagini
5022:
5018:
5014:
5008:
5004:
4986:
4984:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4953:
4951:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4941:E. bombifrons
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4907:
4905:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4883:
4881:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4859:
4857:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4838:
4828:
4827:Desmodontinae
4824:
4814:
4812:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4772:
4770:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4715:C. brevicauda
4711:
4709:
4707:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4692:(Short-tailed
4687:
4686:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4662:
4660:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4650:B. cavernarum
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4610:Desmodontinae
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:Subfamilies:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4583:
4579:
4577:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4541:
4533:
4528:
4526:
4521:
4519:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4489:
4482:
4476:
4467:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4446:
4437:
4430:
4424:
4417:(4): 761â767.
4416:
4412:
4405:
4403:
4394:
4387:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4341:
4331:
4329:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4293:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4228:
4220:
4216:
4209:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4182:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4131:
4129:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4085:
4077:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4044:
4036:
4029:
4023:
4021:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3964:
3955:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3931:
3922:
3920:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3884:
3882:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3845:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3762:
3760:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3732:
3718:
3714:
3708:
3694:on 2013-03-02
3693:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3526:
3524:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3466:
3464:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3396:
3388:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3372:
3363:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3324:Mammal Review
3321:
3314:
3299:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3206:Sturnira nana
3203:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2902:Red fruit bat
2900:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2699:
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2689:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2669:
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2655:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2344:
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2340:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2313:
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2311:
2307:
2306:
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2304:
2299:
2292:
2288:
2285:
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2278:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1954:Phyllostomini
1951:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1906:Macrophyllini
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1772:Micronycteris
1768:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1202:Leptonycteris
1198:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1135:Glossophagini
1132:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:Lichonycteris
1060:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
994:
991:
988:
984:
981:
978:
974:
971:
968:
964:
961:
960:
959:
958:
953:
949:
948:
944:
941:
937:
934:
931:
927:
924:
921:
917:
914:
911:
907:
904:
901:
897:
894:
891:
887:
884:
881:
877:
874:
872:
871:
867:
866:
865:
864:
859:
858:
857:
853:
846:
842:
839:
836:
832:
829:
826:
822:
819:
818:
817:
816:
811:
806:
802:
799:
796:
792:
789:
788:
787:
786:
781:
776:
772:
769:
766:
762:
759:
758:
757:
756:
751:
750:
749:
745:
744:
743:
742:
737:
731:
727:
724:
723:
722:
718:
714:
710:
707:
706:
705:
701:
696:
693:
689:
686:
684:
680:
677:
675:
672:
668:
665:
662:
659:
655:
652:
650:
646:
643:
642:
641:
640:
635:
634:
632:
631:
630:Desmodontinae
626:
617:
613:
610:
607:
603:
600:
597:
593:
590:
587:
583:
580:
577:
576:Carollia manu
573:
570:
567:
563:
560:
557:
553:
550:
547:
543:
540:
537:
533:
530:
529:
528:
527:
522:
521:
520:
519:
518:
517:
512:
511:
510:
509:
499:
490:
488:
478:
475:
465:
456:
453:
452:Desmodontinae
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
410:
406:
404:
393:
385:
376:
374:
373:Miniopteridae
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
331:
329:
325:
316:
312:
308:
304:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:insectivorous
255:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:South America
232:
231:North America
228:
224:
220:
211:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
173:Desmodontinae
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
149:
144:
141:
137:
132:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
112:Superfamily:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
55:
50:
46:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
7790:
7755:
7743:
7731:
7722:
7713:
7701:
7689:
7680:
7671:
7662:
7653:
7633:
7621:
7612:
7605:
7599:U. bilobatum
7598:
7589:
7571:
7559:
7550:
7541:
7532:
7525:
7520:S. parvidens
7518:
7511:
7502:
7493:
7484:
7475:
7466:
7457:
7448:
7439:
7430:
7423:
7414:
7407:
7398:
7389:
7382:
7373:
7355:
7343:
7331:
7319:
7307:
7295:
7283:
7271:
7262:
7254:P. recifinus
7253:
7246:P. nitelinea
7244:
7237:
7230:
7221:
7214:
7205:
7198:
7189:
7182:
7173:
7166:
7159:
7150:
7141:
7132:
7123:
7116:
7109:P. albericoi
7107:
7099:Platyrrhinus
7097:
7085:
7065:
7053:
7041:
7029:
7019:Enchisthenes
7017:
7005:
6993:
6981:
6972:
6963:
6954:
6947:
6938:
6929:
6920:
6911:
6902:
6894:D. anderseni
6893:
6881:
6869:
6862:
6853:
6844:
6835:
6826:
6806:
6794:
6782:
6770:
6761:
6759:
6751:A. schwartzi
6750:
6741:
6732:
6724:A. lituratus
6723:
6714:
6705:
6696:
6687:
6678:
6669:
6660:
6651:
6649:
6631:
6619:
6607:
6596:A. nichollsi
6595:
6583:
6571:
6559:
6517:
6508:
6500:P. elongatus
6499:
6490:
6472:Phyllostomus
6470:
6458:
6446:
6422:M. koepckeae
6421:
6412:
6404:M. cozumelae
6403:
6395:M. bennettii
6394:
6393:Golden bat (
6372:
6360:
6350:Macrophyllum
6348:
6336:
6327:
6319:L. inusitata
6318:
6309:
6300:
6280:
6255:
6243:
6232:T. cirrhosus
6231:
6219:
6207:
6198:
6178:
6166:
6157:
6148:
6139:
6130:
6121:
6113:L. carrikeri
6112:
6103:
6091:
6079:
6069:Chrotopterus
6067:
6042:
6030:
6018:
6006:
5994:
5985:
5976:
5967:
5958:
5950:M. megalotis
5949:
5940:
5931:
5922:
5913:
5891:
5879:
5870:
5850:
5838:
5826:
5814:
5805:
5796:
5795:Behn's bat (
5784:
5733:
5723:Xeronycteris
5721:
5709:
5697:
5685:
5676:
5669:L. peracchii
5667:
5660:
5653:
5644:
5635:
5628:
5619:
5611:L. fornicata
5610:
5602:L. dekeyseri
5601:
5592:
5585:
5576:
5566:Lonchophylla
5564:
5553:L. spurrelli
5552:
5540:
5515:
5506:
5499:
5489:
5481:Hsunycterini
5464:
5452:
5441:M. harrisoni
5440:
5439:Banana bat (
5430:Musonycteris
5428:
5416:
5408:M. plethodon
5407:
5395:
5383:
5374:
5362:
5350:
5341:
5332:
5310:
5298:
5288:Hylonycteris
5286:
5274:
5265:
5256:
5247:
5238:
5226:
5216:
5208:
5196:
5184:
5172:
5163:
5154:
5144:Choeroniscus
5142:
5130:
5123:
5114:
5106:A. geoffroyi
5105:
5097:A. fistulata
5096:
5087:
5078:
5071:A. carishina
5069:
5062:
5053:
5033:
4982:
4973:
4961:
4950:E. sezekorni
4949:
4940:
4928:
4903:
4891:
4879:
4867:
4855:
4843:
4810:
4802:R. fischerae
4801:
4792:
4780:
4768:
4759:
4750:
4741:
4732:
4723:
4714:
4706:C. benkeithi
4705:
4683:
4658:
4649:
4639:Brachyphylla
4637:
4574:Superorder:
4568:Infraclass:
4539:
4494:Notonycteris
4493:
4488:
4475:
4456:
4450:
4444:
4436:
4428:
4423:
4414:
4410:
4401:
4393:
4385:
4363:. Retrieved
4358:
4349:
4340:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4244:(1): 11076.
4241:
4237:
4227:
4218:
4208:
4191:
4187:
4181:
4140:
4136:
4094:
4090:
4084:
4060:(1): 13â22.
4057:
4053:
4043:
4034:
4008:. Retrieved
4004:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3944:
3940:
3930:
3896:(1): 12â23.
3893:
3889:
3855:
3851:
3844:
3811:
3807:
3771:
3767:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3720:. Retrieved
3716:
3707:
3696:. Retrieved
3692:the original
3687:
3664:
3641:. Retrieved
3637:
3588:
3584:
3574:
3539:
3535:
3479:
3475:
3451:. Retrieved
3446:
3442:
3432:
3408:(1): 1â200.
3405:
3401:
3395:
3370:
3362:
3330:(2): 75â89.
3327:
3323:
3313:
3301:. Retrieved
3286:
3279:
3256:
3246:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3215:
3205:
3195:
3185:
3175:
3165:
3155:
3145:
3134:
3127:
3121:
3111:
3101:
3091:
3080:
3074:
3063:
3056:
3038:
3032:
3021:
3011:
3005:
2995:
2984:
2975:
2965:
2955:
2944:
2935:
2925:
2914:
2905:
2894:
2885:
2874:
2865:
2855:
2845:
2835:
2825:
2815:
2805:
2794:
2788:
2777:
2771:
2761:
2751:
2741:
2731:
2721:
2710:
2704:
2693:
2688:Platyrrhinus
2686:
2677:
2666:
2657:
2646:
2637:
2626:
2617:
2608:Enchisthenes
2606:
2597:
2586:
2576:
2570:
2560:
2550:
2540:
2530:
2519:
2510:
2499:
2489:
2483:
2473:
2463:
2453:
2443:
2433:
2423:
2413:
2403:
2393:
2382:
2375:
2366:
2355:
2346:
2335:
2326:
2315:
2300:
2290:
2280:
2270:
2259:
2250:
2238:
2235:Spectral bat
2227:
2218:
2208:
2197:
2188:
2179:Chrotopterus
2177:
2160:
2150:
2139:
2130:
2120:
2110:
2100:
2091:Phyllostomus
2089:
2080:
2069:
2060:
2050:
2040:
2030:
2020:
2010:
2000:
1989:
1980:
1970:
1959:
1942:
1931:
1922:
1913:Macrophyllum
1911:
1899:Notonycteris
1897:
1888:
1878:
1868:
1858:
1848:
1838:
1828:
1818:
1808:
1797:
1791:
1781:
1770:
1761:
1750:
1741:
1731:
1721:
1710:
1701:
1691:
1681:
1671:
1661:
1651:
1640:
1631:
1619:
1610:Xeronycteris
1608:
1599:
1588:
1579:
1569:
1558:
1552:
1542:
1531:
1525:
1515:
1504:
1498:
1487:
1481:
1471:
1462:Lonchophylla
1460:
1451:
1440:
1423:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1382:
1377:Hsunycterini
1367:
1355:
1344:
1335:
1324:
1315:
1305:
1295:
1284:
1273:
1261:
1251:
1240:
1231:
1221:
1211:
1200:
1191:
1181:
1171:
1161:
1151:
1140:
1123:
1112:
1103:
1094:Musonycteris
1092:
1083:
1073:
1062:
1053:
1044:Hylonycteris
1042:
1032:
1025:
1016:
1005:
996:
986:
976:
966:
957:Choeroniscus
955:
945:
939:
929:
919:
909:
899:
889:
879:
868:
861:
844:
834:
824:
813:
804:
794:
783:
774:
764:
755:Brachyphylla
753:
738:
729:
720:
712:
703:
691:
682:
670:
657:
644:
637:
627:
615:
605:
595:
585:
575:
565:
555:
545:
535:
524:
513:
507:
506:
496:
493:Human impact
484:
471:
462:
448:
416:
407:
399:
390:
337:
320:
314:
290:
282:vampire bats
269:
266:spectral bat
241:to northern
222:
218:
216:
167:
162:Subfamilies
148:Phyllostomus
146:
125:
38:
18:
7895:iNaturalist
7815:Wikispecies
7732:V. nymphaea
7703:Vampyriscus
7607:U. convexum
7542:S. sorianoi
7527:S. paulsoni
7458:S. ludovici
7272:P. vittatus
7263:P. umbratus
7239:P. nigellus
7215:P. lineatus
7199:P. infuscus
7160:P. dorsalis
7133:P. aurarius
7086:P. falcatus
6948:D. phaeotis
6871:C. vizottoi
6863:C. villosum
6771:A. concolor
6733:A. obscurus
6697:A. hirsutus
6572:A. centurio
6509:P. hastatus
6491:P. discolor
6448:Phylloderma
6282:Lonchorhina
6256:V. spectrum
6043:T. nicefori
6032:Trinycteris
6008:Neonycteris
5977:M. sanborni
5959:M. microtis
5914:M. brosseti
5629:L. hesperia
5620:L. handleyi
5586:L. chocoana
5542:Lionycteris
5491:Hsunycteris
5397:Monophyllus
5333:L. curasoae
5319:(Saussure's
5275:G. soricina
5228:Glossophaga
5218:D. capixaba
5197:C. mexicana
5173:C. periosus
5115:A. latidens
5088:A. cultrata
5079:A. caudifer
5042:(Geoffroy's
4904:D. ecaudata
4856:D. rotundus
4793:R. alethina
4782:Rhinophylla
4724:C. castanea
4675:Carolliinae
4605:Carolliinae
4499:Fossilworks
2986:Vampyriscus
2882:Visored bat
2674:Ipanema bat
2301:Subfamily:
2261:Rhinophylla
2251:Subfamily:
2071:Phylloderma
1642:Lonchorhina
1442:Lionycteris
1384:Hsunycteris
1346:Trinycteris
1326:Neonycteris
1274:Subfamily:
1242:Monophyllus
1142:Glossophaga
739:Subfamily:
730:D. ecaudata
683:D. rotundus
658:D. draculae
628:Subfamily:
516:Carolliinae
442:to acquire
428:insectivore
424:nectarivore
403:frugivorous
379:Description
353:nectarivory
349:hematophagy
341:insectivory
297:nose leaves
249:within the
169:Carolliinae
8008:Categories
7745:Vampyrodes
7672:V. pusilla
7663:V. melissa
7635:Vampyressa
7551:S. thomasi
7333:Stenoderma
7207:P. ismaeli
7191:P. incarum
7183:P. helleri
7125:P. aquilus
7043:Mesophylla
6995:Ectophylla
6982:D. watsoni
6973:D. tolteca
6921:D. cinerea
6903:D. aztecus
6845:C. salvini
6808:Chiroderma
6594:Tree bat (
6546:Subfamily
6459:P. stenops
6149:L. schulzi
6131:L. kalkoae
6093:Lophostoma
6080:C. auritus
6019:N. pusilla
5932:M. hirsuta
5806:G. daviesi
5762:Subfamily
5734:X. vieirai
5686:L. thomasi
5677:L. robusta
5594:L. concava
5516:H. thomasi
5508:H. pattoni
5501:H. cadenai
5417:M. redmani
5384:L. obscura
5375:L. degener
5342:L. nivalis
5266:G. morenoi
5248:G. leachii
5155:C. godmani
5132:A. peruana
5063:A. cadenai
5011:Subfamily
4974:P. aphylla
4811:R. pumilio
4769:C. subrufa
4760:C. sowelli
4582:Chiroptera
4365:14 January
4010:2018-11-01
3941:Biotropica
3722:2018-11-01
3698:2018-11-01
3643:2018-10-31
3453:2018-10-31
3303:4 November
3271:References
3051:Sturnirini
3023:Vampyrodes
2946:Vampyressa
2896:Stenoderma
2628:Mesophylla
2588:Ectophylla
2521:Chiroderma
2205:Golden bat
1991:Lophostoma
1889:Subfamily
1742:Subfamily
1704:Macrotinae
1702:Subfamily
1632:Subfamily
1368:Subfamily
1292:Behn's bat
1100:Banana bat
514:Subfamily
459:Life cycle
440:salt licks
293:echolocate
262:frugivores
254:Chiroptera
193:Macrotinae
140:Type genus
106:Chiroptera
7723:V. brocki
7714:V. bidens
7690:V. villai
7681:V. thyone
7614:U. davisi
7591:U. bakeri
7560:S. tildae
7494:S. mordax
7449:S. lilium
7399:S. bidens
7391:S. bakeri
7375:S. angeli
7285:Pygoderma
7030:E. hartii
6930:D. glauca
6883:Dermanura
6827:C. doriae
6763:Koopmania
6760:Subgenus
6670:A. amplus
6650:Subgenus
6301:L. aurita
6199:T. bidens
6167:L. yasuni
6122:L. evotis
6059:Vampyrini
5995:M. yatesi
5968:M. minuta
5941:M. matses
5797:G. behnii
5699:Platalina
5654:L. orcesi
5645:L. mordax
4930:Erophylla
4880:D. youngi
4550:Kingdom:
4319:1466-822X
4266:2045-2322
4076:0001-7051
3607:1063-5157
3558:1545-1542
3496:0962-8452
3423:2246/1595
3346:1365-2907
2668:Pygoderma
2172:Vampyrini
1590:Platalina
785:Erophylla
713:D. youngi
692:D. stocki
420:frugivore
365:Oligocene
361:nose-leaf
345:frugivory
334:Evolution
328:aestivate
324:hibernate
243:Argentina
72:Kingdom:
66:Eukaryota
7939:13801091
7800:Wikidata
7573:Uroderma
7534:S. perla
7476:S. magna
7467:S. luisi
7357:Sturnira
7344:S. rufum
7067:Phyllops
6939:D. gnoma
6795:C. senex
6784:Centurio
6653:Artibeus
6633:Artibeus
6561:Ametrida
6245:Vampyrum
6221:Trachops
5852:Macrotus
5164:C. minor
4983:P. poeyi
4893:Diphylla
4845:Desmodus
4685:Carollia
4570:Eutheria
4564:Mammalia
4558:Chordata
4556:Phylum:
4552:Animalia
4402:Desmodus
4335:605â613.
4284:28894101
4173:19871045
4119:11192675
4111:24896509
3910:40436513
3872:92615188
3836:51865266
3828:30059176
3788:89108122
3615:26865275
3514:22113035
3354:89929161
3058:Sturnira
2916:Uroderma
2648:Phyllops
2501:Centurio
2377:Artibeus
2343:Tree bat
2317:Ametrida
2229:Vampyrum
1933:Trachops
1712:Macrotus
721:Diphylla
639:Desmodus
526:Carollia
432:omnivore
357:omnivory
274:Americas
154:LacépÚde
122:Family:
96:Mammalia
86:Chordata
82:Phylum:
76:Animalia
62:Domain:
40:Artibeus
7806:Q600042
7503:S. nana
7223:P. masu
7006:E. alba
6956:D. rava
6609:Ariteus
6180:Tonatia
4869:Diaemus
4733:C. manu
4659:B. nana
4580:Order:
4562:Class:
4275:5593990
4246:Bibcode
4165:5441022
4145:Bibcode
4137:Science
3566:1382954
3505:3297451
2357:Ariteus
2141:Tonatia
1896:Genus â
704:Diaemus
487:Arizona
284:, even
102:Order:
92:Class:
7965:289151
7926:180055
7913:104823
6585:Ardops
5465:S. ega
5035:Anoura
4361:. 2021
4317:
4282:
4272:
4264:
4171:
4163:
4117:
4109:
4074:
3908:
3870:
3834:
3826:
3786:
3688:Arkive
3613:
3605:
3564:
3556:
3512:
3502:
3494:
3449:: 1â32
3383:
3352:
3344:
3294:
3055:Genus
3049:Tribe
3020:Genus
2983:Genus
2943:Genus
2913:Genus
2893:Genus
2873:Genus
2685:Genus
2665:Genus
2645:Genus
2625:Genus
2605:Genus
2585:Genus
2518:Genus
2498:Genus
2374:Genus
2354:Genus
2337:Ardops
2334:Genus
2314:Genus
2308:Tribe
2258:Genus
2226:Genus
2196:Genus
2176:Genus
2170:Tribe
2138:Genus
2088:Genus
2068:Genus
1988:Genus
1958:Genus
1952:Tribe
1930:Genus
1910:Genus
1904:Tribe
1769:Genus
1749:Genus
1709:Genus
1639:Genus
1607:Genus
1587:Genus
1459:Genus
1439:Genus
1433:Tribe
1381:Genus
1375:Tribe
1343:Genus
1323:Genus
1283:Genus
1239:Genus
1199:Genus
1139:Genus
1133:Tribe
1111:Genus
1091:Genus
1061:Genus
1041:Genus
1024:Genus
1004:Genus
954:Genus
863:Anoura
860:Genus
854:Tribe
812:Genus
782:Genus
752:Genus
746:Tribe
719:Genus
702:Genus
636:Genus
523:Genus
444:sodium
359:. The
355:, and
247:family
225:) are
156:, 1799
133:, 1825
7986:Plazi
7978:66303
7908:IRMNG
7900:40991
7861:625JW
6383:Bats)
6374:Mimon
5902:Bats)
4407:(PDF)
4169:S2CID
4115:S2CID
4031:(PDF)
3906:S2CID
3868:S2CID
3832:S2CID
3784:S2CID
3562:JSTOR
3350:S2CID
2199:Mimon
481:Range
434:, or
286:blood
251:order
7952:9415
7947:NCBI
7921:ITIS
7887:9366
7882:GBIF
7874:7637
7848:1062
7843:BOLD
4501:.org
4457:2015
4367:2024
4359:ITIS
4315:ISSN
4280:PMID
4262:ISSN
4161:PMID
4107:PMID
4072:ISSN
3824:PMID
3611:PMID
3603:ISSN
3554:ISSN
3510:PMID
3492:ISSN
3381:ISBN
3342:ISSN
3305:2020
3292:ISBN
450:The
413:Diet
371:and
278:dove
227:bats
217:The
131:Gray
43:sp.
7934:MSW
7869:EoL
7856:CoL
7830:ADW
4497:at
4461:doi
4307:doi
4270:PMC
4254:doi
4196:doi
4153:doi
4141:168
4099:doi
4062:doi
3978:doi
3949:doi
3898:doi
3860:doi
3816:doi
3776:doi
3746:doi
3593:doi
3544:doi
3500:PMC
3484:doi
3480:279
3447:230
3418:hdl
3410:doi
3406:248
3377:805
3332:doi
233:to
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