LEED - Knowledge

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a specific IEQ credit did not substantially increase the satisfaction with the corresponding IEQ factor. In addition, the rating level and version of the certification had no impact on workplace satisfaction. There are some possible explanations. Many intervening factors in the time between design and occupancy can alter the existence or performance of the strategies that LEED awarded. IEQ certification metrics also face the challenges from substantial differences that characterize the modern workplace in terms of spatial needs, task requirements, users' characteristics, and disciplines of product design and marketing. Survey participants may also misinterpret the satisfaction with an IEQ parameter, or bias with personal attitudes.

1128: 697:(NRC) analyzed a database of 100 LEED certified (v3 or earlier version) buildings. In this study, each building was paired with a conventional "twin" building within the Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) database according to building type and occupancy. On average, LEED buildings consumed 18 to 39% less energy by floor area than the conventional buildings, although 28 to 35% of LEED-certified buildings used more energy. The paper found no correlation between the number of energy points achieved or LEED certification level and measured building performance. 187: 1079: 1171: 337: 795:

air quality, acoustics, lighting, workstation size, ceiling height, window access and shading, and surface finishes. Responses were positive in the areas of environmental satisfaction, satisfaction with thermal conditions, satisfaction with outside views, aesthetic appearance, reduced disturbance from HVAC noise, workplace image, night-time sleep quality, mood, physical symptoms, and reduced number of airborne particulates. The results showed green buildings exhibited superior performance compared with similar conventional buildings.

491: 783:, noise, temperature, and sound privacy. The results showed occupants tend to be slightly more satisfied in LEED buildings for the air quality and slightly more dissatisfied with the amount of light. The overall finding was that there was no significant influence of LEED certification on occupant satisfaction in consideration of the overall building and workspace ratings. The paper noted that the data may not be representative of the entire building stock and a randomized approach was not used in the data assessment. 86: 955: 787:

type of work, time at workspace, and weekly working hours. LEED certified buildings may provide higher satisfaction in open spaces than in enclosed offices, in smaller buildings than in larger buildings, and to occupants having spent less than one year in their workspaces rather than to those who have used their workspace longer. The study also notes that the positive value of LEED certification from the aspect of occupant satisfaction may tend to decrease with time.

701: 198: 487:(IEQ) and design innovation. Each of these categories also includes mandatory requirements, which receive no points. Up to 10 additional points may be earned: 4 for regional priority credits and 6 for innovation in design. Additional performance categories for residences (LEED for Homes) recognize the importance of transportation access, open space, and outdoor physical activity, and the need for buildings and settlements to educate occupants. 823:

Additionally, LEED requires window shades to be closed when more than 2% of a space is subject to direct sunlight above 1000 lux. According to building scientist Christopher Reinhart, the direct sunlight requirement is a very stringent approach that can discourage good daylight design. Reinhart proposed the application of the direct sunlight criterion only in spaces that require stringent control of sunlight (e.g. desks, white boards, etc.).

635:(GBCI), which arranges third-party verification of a project's compliance with the LEED requirements. The certification process for design teams consists of the design application, under the purview of the architect and the engineer and documented in the official construction drawings, and the construction application, under the purview of the building contractor and documented during the construction and commissioning of the building. 685:

out by Newsham et al., many early analyses should be considered as preliminary. Studies should be repeated with longer data history and larger building samples, include newer LEED certified buildings, and clearly identify green-building rating schemes of individual buildings. Research papers have tended to address performance and effectiveness of LEED in two credit category areas: energy and indoor environment quality (IEQ).

1026:'s Experience Exchange Report 2007 demonstrated LEED-EB certified buildings achieved superior operating-cost savings in 63% of the buildings surveyed ranging from $ 4.94 to $ 15.59 per square foot of floor space. The overall cost of LEED-EB implementation and certification ranged from $ 0.00 to $ 6.46 per square foot of floor space, demonstrating that implementation is not expensive, especially in comparison to cost savings. 122: 45: 291: 832:

health professionals. Along with this, they also create buildings to perform better and analyze performance data to upkeep the process. Another way LEED has affected research is that designers and architects focus on creating spaces that are modular and flexible to ensure a longer lifespan while simultaneously sourcing products that are resilient through consistent use.

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process. They characterized as "costly, slow, brutal, confusing, and unwieldy ... that makes green building more difficult than it needs to be". Schendler and Udall also identify an environmentalist fallacy which they call "LEED brain", in which the public relations value of LEED certification begins to drive the development of buildings. Writer

561:. Laboratory and field research have directly linked occupants' satisfaction and performance to the building's thermal conditions. Energy reduction goals can be supported while improving thermal satisfaction. For example, providing occupants control over the thermostat or operable windows allows for comfort across a wider range of temperatures. 1290:, the largest integrated health system in the United States, opened California's first LEED Platinum certified hospital, the Kaiser Permanente San Diego Medical Center. By 2020, Kaiser Permanente owned 40 LEED certified buildings. Its construction of LEED buildings was one of multiple initiatives that enabled Kaiser Permanente to report 1057:'s High Performance Buildings Act (2008) requires all new public construction and renovations greater than 7,500 sq ft (700 m) to meet LEED Silver standard or two Green Globes. Between 2009 and 2014, the state is required to fund half of the required additional cost for public school construction or renovation to attain that standard. 713:, and used area-weighted energy use intensities (EUIs) (energy per unit area per year), when comparing buildings to account for the fact that larger buildings tend to have larger EUIs. Scofield concluded that, collectively, the LEED-certified buildings showed no significant source energy consumption savings or 982:

is a method for assessing the total cost of ownership, taking into account all costs of acquiring, owning and operating, and the eventual disposal of a building. Additional economic payback may come in the form of employee productivity gains incurred as a result of working in a healthier environment.

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LEED-certified buildings are intended to use resources more efficiently when compared to conventional structures inspected only to mandatory building codes. However, analysis of energy and water use data from New York City shows that LEED certification does not necessarily make a building more energy

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The Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) describes its LEED professional accreditation as "demonstrat current knowledge of green building technologies, best practices" and the LEED rating system, to assure the holder's competency as one of "the most qualified, educated, and influential green

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A 2017 study by Altomonte, Schiavon, et al. investigated whether a green rating itself leads to higher occupant satisfaction with IEQ. Based on the analysis of a subset of the CBE Occupant IEQ including 11,243 responses from 93 LEED-certified office buildings, this study found that the achievement of

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Newsham et al. published a detailed study on IEQ and LEED buildings in August 2013. Field studies and post-occupancy evaluations (POE) were performed in 12 green and 12 conventional buildings across Canada and the northern United States. On-site, 974 workstations were measured for thermal conditions,

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In 2013, a paper published by Schiavon and architectural physicist Sergio Altamonte studied occupant IEQ satisfaction in LEED and non-LEED buildings. Using occupant surveys from the Center for the Built Environment at Berkeley database, 65 LEED-certified and 79 non-LEED buildings were analyzed for 15

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Applicants have the option of achieving credit points by building energy models. One model represents the building as designed, and a second model represents a baseline building in the same location, with the same geometry and occupancy. Depending on location (climate) and building size, the standard

398:, only members of the USGBC and specific "in-house" committees may add to, subtract from, or edit the standard, subject to an internal review process. Proposals to modify the LEED standards are offered and publicly reviewed by USGBC's member organizations, of which there were 4551 as of October 2023. 258:

Despite concerns, LEED has been described as a "transformative force in the design and construction industry". LEED is credited with providing a framework for green building, expanding the use of green practices and products in buildings, encouraging sustainable forestry, and helping professionals to

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Priority Permit Processing for Green Buildings: requires each county agency that issues building, construction, or development-related permits to establish a procedure for free priority processing of permit applications for construction projects incorporating energy and environmental design building

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and Randy Udall, respectively a LEED-accredited professional who is the director of environmental affairs at the Aspen Skiing Company and a Colorado-based environmentalist, published an article titled "LEED is Broken; Let's Fix It", in which they criticized numerous aspects of the LEED certification

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Although originally constructed in 1973, Willis Tower a commercial office building located in Chicago, adopted and implemented a new set of sustainable practices in 2018, earning the property LEED Gold certification under the LEED for Existing Buildings: O&M™ rating system. This adoption brought

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was the first building to receive a LEED-Platinum rating, version 1.0. It was recognized as one of the "greenest" buildings constructed in the U.S. in 2001 at the time it was built. Sustainability issues ranging from energy use to material selection were given serious consideration throughout design

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Hawaii also features a Priority Permit Processing for Green Buildings which requires each county agency that issues building, construction, or development-related permits to create a policy to provide free priority processing of permit applications for construction projects that integrate energy and

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review showed that 7,100 certified commercial building projects targeted cheap and easy green points, such as creating healthy spaces and providing educational displays in the building. Few builders adopted renewable energy because of the initial cost. Builders game the rating system and use certain

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Often, when a LEED rating is pursued, the cost of initial design and construction rises. There may be a lack of abundant availability of manufactured building components that meet LEED specifications. There are also added costs in USGBC correspondence, LEED design-aide consultants, and the hiring of

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A 2003 analysis of the savings from green building found in a review of 60 LEED buildings that these buildings were, on average, 25–30% more energy efficient. It also attributed substantial benefits to the increased productivity from the better ventilation, temperature control, lighting control, and

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Based on similar dataset (21,477 occupants) in 2013, Schiavon and Altomonte found that occupants have equivalent satisfaction levels in LEED and non-LEED buildings when evaluated independently from the following factors: office type, spatial layout, distance from windows, building size, gender, age,

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The credit weighting process has the following steps: First, a collection of reference buildings are assessed to estimate the environmental impacts of similar buildings. NIST weightings are then applied to judge the relative importance of these impacts in each category. Data regarding actual impacts

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However, lumber, chemical and plastics trade groups have lobbied to weaken the application of LEED guidelines in several southern states. In 2013, the states of Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi effectively banned the use of LEED in new public buildings, in favor of other industry standards that the

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Over two decades, Watson led a broad-based consensus process, bringing together non-profit organizations, government agencies, architects, engineers, developers, builders, product manufacturers and other industry leaders. The original planning group consisted of Watson, Mike Italiano, architect Bill

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consistently leads in LEED-certified square footage per capita, followed in 2022 by the top-ranking states of Massachusetts, Illinois, New York, California, and Maryland. Outside the United States, the top-ranking countries for 2022 were Mainland China, India, Canada, Brazil, and Sweden. LEED Canada

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and views. In consideration of a building's indoor environmental quality, published studies have also included factors such as: acoustics, building cleanliness and maintenance, colors and textures, workstation size, ceiling height, window access and shading, surface finishes, furniture adaptability

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Research papers provide most of what is known about the performance and effectiveness of LEED. Much of the available research predates 2014, and therefore applies to buildings that were designed under early versions of the LEED rating and certification systems, LEED v3 (2009) or earlier. As pointed

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A fee is required to register the building, and to submit the design and construction applications. Total fees are assessed based on building area, ranging from a minimum of $ 2,900 to over $ 1 million for a large project. "Soft" costs – i.e., added costs to the building project to qualify for

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Some U.S. federal agencies, state and local governments require or reward LEED certification. This can include tax credits, zoning allowances, reduced fees, and expedited permitting. Offices, healthcare-, and education-related buildings are the most frequent LEED-certified buildings in the US (over

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Both Speck and Owen make the point that a building-centric standard such as LEED, which doesn't sufficiently account for the location in which the building stands, will inevitably undervalue the strong positive effect of people living closer together in cities, which are inherently environmentally

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estimated that the carbon emissions associated with the additional miles driven were almost three times higher than before, a change from 0.39 metric tons per person per month to 1.08 metric tons of carbon dioxide per person per month. Speck writes that "The carbon saved by the new building's LEED

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IEQ-related studies provide contrasting results: the first used occupant survey results in 65 LEED buildings and 79 non-LEED buildings and concluded that occupants of both groups had equal satisfaction with the building overall and with the workspace. The second IEQ study used occupant interviews

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LEED is a design tool and as such has focused on energy modeling, rather than being a performance-measurement tool that measures actual energy consumption. LEED uses modeling software to predict future energy use based on intended use. Buildings certified under LEED do not have to prove energy or

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Fedrizzi served as the volunteer founding chair of USGBC from 1993 to 2004, and became its CEO as of 2004. As of November 4, 2016, he was succeeded as president and CEO of USGBC by Mahesh Ramanujam. Ramanujam served as CEO until 2021. Peter Templeton became interim president and CEO of USGBC as of

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for water conservation, though the principle is more important in the latter case. Another complaint is that certification costs could be better used to make the project more sustainable. Many critics have noted that compliance and certification costs have grown faster than staff support from the

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LEED has been developed and continuously modified by workers in the green building industry, especially in the ten largest metro areas in the U.S.; however, LEED certified buildings have been slower to penetrate small and middle markets. There has been criticism that the LEED rating system is not

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As of January 2023, USGBC began to develop LEED v5. LEED v5 is the first version of the LEED rating system to be based on the June 2022 Future of LEED principles. The LEED v5 rating system will cover both new construction and existing buildings. A draft version was discussed at Greenbuild 2023. A

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Tom Paladino and Lynne Barker (formerly King) co-chaired the LEED Pilot Committee from 1996–2001. Scot Horst chaired the LEED Steering Committee beginning in 2005 and was deeply involved in the development of LEED 2009. Joel Ann Todd took over as chair of the steering committee from 2009 to 2013,

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LEED is a design tool rather than a performance-measurement tool and has focused on energy modeling rather than actual energy consumption. It has been criticized for a point system that can lead to inappropriate design choices and the prioritization of LEED certification points over actual energy

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LEED is a design tool and not a performance measurement tool. It is also not yet climate-specific, although the newest version hopes to partially address this. Because of this, designers may be encouraged to make design choices to gain a LEED point, even though this choice is not optimal for the

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The USGBC and Canada Green Building Council maintain online directories of U.S. LEED-certified and LEED Canada-certified projects. In 2012 the USGBC launched the Green Building Information Gateway (GBIG) to connect green building efforts and projects worldwide. It provides searchable access to a

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property data estimated the extra cost for the minimum benefit at 3%, with an additional 2.5% for silver-certified buildings. More recent studies have confirmed these earlier findings in that certified buildings achieve significantly higher rents, sale prices and occupancy rates as well as lower

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In 2013 Scofield analyzed 953 New York City office buildings office buildings, of which 21 were LEED-certified, based on publicly available data. Results were mixed. Although LEED-Gold buildings used 20% less source energy, buildings at the Silver and Certified levels used 11 to 15% more source

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and are required to work with either an American or a Canadian provider organization and a green rater. The provider organization helps the project through the process while overseeing the green raters, individuals who conduct two mandatory site inspections: the thermal bypass inspection and the

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The rise in LEED certification also brought forth a new era of construction and building research and ideation. Architects and designers have begun stressing the importance of occupancy health over high efficiency within new construction and have been trying to engage in more conversations with

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In 2009 physicist John Scofield published an article in response to Newsham et al., analyzing the same database of LEED buildings and arriving at different conclusions. Scofield criticized the earlier analysis for focusing on energy per floor area instead of a total energy consumption. Scofield

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and regulations, occupancy scenarios, building permanence and pre-rating completion, site boundaries and area-to-site ratios. Its owner must share data on the building's energy and water use for five years after occupancy (for new construction) or date of certification (for existing buildings).

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In 2015, a study on indoor environmental quality and the potential health benefits of green-certified buildings was developed by environmental health scientist Joseph Allen (et al.) showing that green buildings provide better indoor environmental quality with direct benefits to human health of

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Energy modeling might be a source of error during the LEED design phase. Engineers Christopher Stoppel and Fernanda Leite evaluated the predicted and actual energy consumption of two twin buildings using the energy model during the LEED design phase and the utility meter data after one year of

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requirements, and the evaluation of the plug load calculation methodology used by 660 LEED-CI and 429 LEED-NC certified projects. They found that energy modelers only considered the energy consumption of predictable plug loads, such as refrigerators, computers and monitors. Overall the results

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LEED has grown from one standard for new construction to a comprehensive system of interrelated standards covering aspects from the design and construction to the maintenance and operation of buildings. LEED has also grown from six committee volunteers to an organization of 122,626 volunteers,

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for at least 50% of total occupied hours of the year for at least 55% of the occupied floor area. The threshold recommended by LEED for ASE is that no more than 10% of regularly occupied floor area can be exposed to more than 1000 lux of direct sunlight for more than 250 hours per year.

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Many federal, state, and local governments and school districts have adopted various types of LEED initiatives and incentives. Many local governments have adopted LEED incentive programs, which can include tax credits, tax breaks, density zoning bonuses, reduced fees, priority or expedited

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The LEED for Homes rating system is different from LEED v3, with different point categories and thresholds that reward efficient residential design. These Guidelines were also adopted by the Department of Energy's Net Zero Energy Homes Project which J. D. Polk brought to the DOE in

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was the most energy-efficient office tower in North America and the only office tower in Canada with a Platinum rating. The office tower employs south-facing winter gardens to capture solar energy during the harsh Manitoba winters and uses glass extensively to maximize natural light.

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final inspection. Although LEED for Homes is typically viewed by the construction industry as a simpler rating system than LEED NC, the latter does not require an on-site inspection. The provider and rater assist in the certification process but do not themselves certify the project.

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on environmental and human health are then used to assign points to individual categories and measures. This system results in a weighted average for each rating scheme based upon actual impacts and the relative importance of those impacts to human health and environmental quality.

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IEQ-related factors. These factors include the ease of interaction, building cleanliness, the comfort of furnishing, the amount of light, building maintenance, colors and textures, workplace cleanliness, the amount of space, furniture adjustability, visual comfort, air quality,

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This method has been criticized for inaccurately predicting actual energy usage. The USGBC admits that "current information indicates that most buildings do not perform as well as design metrics indicate. As a result, building owners might not obtain the benefits promised."

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Newsham, Guy R.; Birt, Benjamin J.; Arsenault, Chantal; Thompson, Alexandra J.L.; Veitch, Jennifer A.; Mancini, Sandra; Galasiu, Anca D.; Gover, Bradford N.; Macdonald, lain A.; Burns, Gregory J. (2013). "Do 'green' buildings have better indoor environments? New evidence".

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was the first Gold LEED-certified convention center and largest "green" building in the world when it opened in 2003. It earned Platinum certification in 2012, becoming the only convention center with certifications for both the original building and new construction.

607:(CAGBC) received permission to create LEED Canada-NC v1.0, which was based upon LEED-NC 2.0. As of 2021, Canada ranked second in the world (not including the USA) in its number of LEED-certified projects and square feet of space. Buildings in Canada such as Winnipeg's 1021:

For existing buildings, LEED has developed LEED-EB. Research has demonstrated that buildings that can achieve LEED-EB equivalencies can generate a tremendous return-on-investment. In a 2008 white paper by the Leonardo Academy comparing LEED-EB buildings vs. data from

814:) metrics to evaluate daylight quality in LEED projects. SDA is a metric that measures the annual sufficiency of daylight levels in interior spaces and ASE describes the potential for visual discomfort by direct sunlight and glare. These metrics are approved by the 325:

working to develop LEED v4, and introducing social equity credits. Other steering committee chairs include Chris Schaffner (2019) and Jennifer Sanguinetti (2020). Chairs of the USGBC's Energy and Atmosphere Technical Advisory Group for LEED technology have included

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and human benefits of each credit". These are weighed using the environmental impact categories of the EPA's Tools for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) and the environmental-impact weighting scheme developed by the

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LEED focuses on the design of the building and not on its actual energy consumption, and therefore it has been suggested that LEED buildings should be tracked to discover whether the potential energy savings from the design are being used in practice.

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LEED 2009 encompasses ten rating systems for the design, construction and operation of buildings, homes and neighborhoods. Five overarching categories correspond to the specialties available under the LEED professional program. That suite consists of:

873:, a university-corporate partnership sought to produce semi-transparent solar panels to take the place of ordinary windows in glass-facade high-rise buildings. Similar concepts are under development elsewhere, with considerable market potential. 754:(CDC) defines indoor environmental quality (IEQ) as "the quality of a building's environment in relation to the health and wellbeing of those who occupy space within it." The USGBC includes the following considerations for attaining IEQ credits: 655:(HVAC) system type, and wall and window definitions. This allows for a comparison with emphasis on factors that heavily influence energy consumption. The number of points achieved in this credit is proportional to the predicted energy savings. 4698: 247:

60%), followed by warehouses, distribution centers, retail projects and multifamily dwellings (another 20%). Studies have found that for-rent LEED office spaces generally have higher rents and occupancy rates and lower capitalization rates.

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Many U.S. federal agencies, states, and local governments require or reward LEED certification. As of 2022 the leading five states, based on certified square feet per capita were Massachusetts, Illinois, New York, California, and Maryland.

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underwent a $ 550 million renovation, including $ 120 million towards energy efficiency and eco-friendliness. It received a gold LEED rating in 2011, and at the time was the tallest LEED-certified building in the United States.

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occupants of those buildings in comparison to non-green buildings. One of the limitations of the study was the use of subjective health performance indicators since there is a lack of definition on such indicators by current studies.

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LEED v3) in 2009, and LEED v4 in November 2013. LEED 2009 was depreciated for new projects registered from October 31, 2016. LEED v4.1 was released on April 2, 2019. LEED v5 is expected to be released as of 1 January 2024.

405:(GBCI) offers various accreditations to people who demonstrate knowledge of the LEED rating system, including LEED Accredited Professional (LEED AP), LEED Green Associate, and LEED Fellow. GBCI also certifies projects pursuing LEED. 1041:, Ohio, adopted a measure providing an automatic 100% real property tax exemption of the assessed property value for newly constructed or rehabilitated commercial or residential properties that earn a minimum of LEED Certified. In 681:

water efficiency in practice to receive LEED certification points. This has led to criticism of LEED's ability to accurately determine the efficiency of buildings, and to calls to improve the accuracy of its predictive models.

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The LEED initiative has been strongly supported by the USGBC Board of Directors, including Chair of the Board of Directors Steven Winter (1999–2003). The current chair of the Board of Directors is Anyeley Hallová (2023).

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Torre Sul of Green Tower Brasilias received LEED Gold certification in 2014. In the public retail area on the first floor, visitors can see the largest green wall in Latin America, which is 197 feet (60 m) high.

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LEED has evolved since 1998 to more accurately represent and incorporate emerging green building technologies. The pilot version, LEED New Construction (NC) v1.0, led to LEED NCv2.0, LEED NCv2.2 in 2005, LEED 2009

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LEED v3 aligned credits across all LEED rating systems, weighted by environmental priority. It reflects a continuous development process, with a revised third-party certification program and online resources.

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equaled this feat with a Gold certification in Building Design and Construction in 2017 as well as a Platinum certification in Operations and Maintenance in 2019, a first for any professional sports stadium.

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As of March 18, 2022, the Canada Green Building Council took over direct oversight for LEED™ green building certification of projects in Canada, formerly done by GBCI Canada. CAGBC will continue to work with

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Proponents argue that these higher initial costs can be mitigated by the savings incurred over time due to projected lower-than-industry-standard operational costs typical of a LEED certified building. This

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Property Tax Abatement for Green Buildings: provides property tax abatements for buildings or structures that earn LEED certification. The amount of the abatement increases with higher certification levels.

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features. It earned a LEED Platinum rating in 2012 with one of the highest scores by percentage of total points earned in any LEED category, making it one of the top ten greenest buildings in the world.

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Core and shell is a construction concept in which the building owner constructs the base building of trunk infrastructure (core) and exterior (shell) while fit-out works are left to the tenants.

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Stoppel, Christopher. M.; Leite, Fernanda (1 October 2013). "Evaluating building energy model performance of LEED buildings: Identifying potential sources of error through aggregate analysis".

6556: 8124: 5430: 5907: 4839: 994:(LBC) is currently the most stringent sustainable design protocol. It sets 20 imperatives that compel building owners, designers, operators and tenants beyond current LEED rating levels. 3518: 623:(GBCI) and USGBC while consolidating certification and credentialing for CAGBC's Zero Carbon Building Standards, LEED, TRUE, and Investor Ready Energy Efficiency (IREE). 5591: 2634: 903:; Building Workshop in Zusammenarbeit with Luis Vidal + Architects, in Santander, Spain; and Project: Vertical factory: Office building in London by Allford Hall Monaghan Morris in 4383: 1063:

For existing buildings, LEED has developed LEED-EB. Research has demonstrated that buildings that can achieve LEED-EB equivalencies can generate a tremendous return-on-investment.

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The first LEED platinum-rated building outside the U.S. is the CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre (CII GBC) in Hyderabad, India, certified in 2003 under LEED version 2.0.

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specific project. Additionally, LEED is not energy-specific; it only measures overall performance, allowing builders to choose how to achieve points under various categories. A

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Green building design and construction (BD+C) – for new construction, core and shell, schools, retail spaces (new constructions and major renovations), and healthcare facilities

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to discuss organizing within the building industry to support green building and develop a green building rating system. Also influential early on was architect Bob Berkebile.

6223: 990:, an effort that has set a goal for a building to operate with no greenhouse-gas-emitting energy by 2030. In progression toward this, from LEED's existing certifications, the 4899: 1838: 884:, saw considerable innovation through the use of communal rooms, outdoor spaces, and natural lighting as part of the Urban Transformation Project of the Kartal port region. 667:

The process of the LEED for Homes rating system, available in the U.S., Canada and Sweden, differs significantly from the LEED NC rating system. LEED for Homes projects are

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The application review and certification process is conducted through LEED Online, USGBC's web-based service. The GBCI also utilizes LEED Online to conduct their reviews.

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In June 2013, USGBC announced a promotion called LEED Earth that refunds LEED certification fees to the first LEED-certified project in a country that doesn't have one.

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conservation; for lacking climate specificity; for not sufficiently addressing issues of climate change and extreme weather; and for not incorporating principles of a

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Fuerst, Franz; McAllister, Pat (2009). "Green Noise or Green Value? Measuring the Effects of Environmental Certification on Office Property Values". Papers.ssrn.com.

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analyzed energy efficiency data of New York City buildings and found that LEED-certified buildings actually performed worse than buildings in general. An analysis by

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From a financial perspective, several 2008 studies found that LEED for-rent office spaces generally charged higher rent and had higher occupancy rates. Analysis of

426:'s (EPA) Labs21 and LEED Canada. The Australian Green Star is based on both LEED and the UK's Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology ( 5818: 1985: 946:

building professionals in the marketplace." Credentials include the LEED Green Associate and the various types of specialized LEED Accredited Professionals (AP).

5876: 5029:"Investment Returns from Responsible Property Investments: Energy Efficient, Transit-oriented and Urban Regeneration Office Properties in the US from 1998–2008" 6245: 4441: 1617: 6174: 4869: 8074: 6739: 5482: 1767:"USGBC Top 10 States for LEED in 2020: Healthcare, Schools, Offices Account for More Than 60% of Green Building Certifications | U.S. Green Building Council" 2790: 2527: 8104: 5766: 1066:

Delaware currently has a Green Home Rebate incentive program that provides $ 1,000 – $ 4,500 rebates to certain new homes that achieve LEED certification.

5399: 1728: 6271: 2044: 1766: 1045:, construction materials for a qualifying LEED building are exempt from local taxes. Pieces of construction that are deemed 'inseparable parts', such as 937:

database of activities, buildings, places and collections of green building-related information from many sources and programs, including LEED projects.

4669:"Highly efficient large-area colourless luminescent solar concentrators using heavy-metal-free colloidal quantum dots, Nature Nanotechnology 24-08-2015" 4638: 866:, the surface area provides opportunities for design innovation. VOC released from construction materials into the air is another challenge to address. 775:

and physical site measurements at 12 LEED buildings to report superior indoor environment performance compared with 12 similar non-certified buildings.

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occupancy. The study's results suggest that mechanical systems turnover and occupancy assumptions significantly differ from predicted to actual values.

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energy, on average, than conventional buildings. In 2014, architect Gwen Fuertes and engineer Stefano Schiavon developed the first study that analyzes

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On April 2, 2019, the USGBC released LEED v4.1, a new version of the LEED green building program, designed for use with cities, communities and homes.

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As of 2023 there were over 105,000 LEED-certified buildings and over 205,000 LEED-accredited professionals in 185 countries worldwide. In the US, the

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LEED certification – may range from 1% to 6% of the total project cost. The average cost increase was about 2%, or an extra $ 3–$ 5 per square foot.

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Studies suggest that an initial up-front investment of 2% extra yields over ten times that initial investment over the life cycle of the building.

5422: 3303: 2004: 1911:

Fullerton, Don; Babbitt, Callie W.; Bilec, Melissa M.; He, Shan; Isenhour, Cindy; Khanna, Vikas; Lee, Eunsang; Theis, Thomas L. (5 October 2022).

5899: 3852: 2082: 6633: 5687:

Sustainable Energy Utility Green for Green Home Rebate: provides $ 1,000 – $ 4,500 rebates to certain new homes that achieve LEED certification.

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Allen, Joseph G.; MacNaughton, Piers; Laurent, Jose Guillermo Cedeno; Flanigan, Skye S.; Eitland, Erika Sita; Spengler, John D. (10 July 2015).

2063: 5312: 5239: 3529: 2507:"National Review of Green Schools: Costs, Benefits, and Implications for Massachusetts A Report for the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative" 1412: 524: 6062: 5268: 3500: 1297:

As of 2023, University of California, Irvine currently has 32 LEED-certified (21 LEED Platinum and 11 LEED Gold) buildings across the campus.

8119: 6783: 6357: 5644: 4779: 4695:"Highly efficient luminescent solar concentrators based on earth-abundant indirect-bandgap silicon quantum dots, Nature Photonics 20-02-2017" 2126: 1348: 423: 6439: 5587: 8265: 5847: 5722: 2626: 2709: 321:

Reed (founding LEED Technical Committee co-chair 1994–2003), architect Sandy Mendler, builder Gerard Heiber and engineer Richard Bourne.

1747: 7612: 6861: 6301: 6028: 5788: 5511: 4182:"Quantitative relationships between occupant satisfaction and satisfaction aspects of indoor environmental quality and building design" 3952: 3906: 3149: 3106: 3019: 1113: 751: 4955: 136: 8250: 4541:"A. Daehne and C. Herm, "Calcium hydroxide nanosols for the consolidation of porous building materials – results from EU-STONECORE,"" 2144: 1387:

found that building makers target LEED's easiest points – those that don't necessarily increase the energy efficiency of a building.

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The LEED council also appears to have assigned credit and measured weighting based upon the market implications of point allocation.

6215: 6140: 4991: 3927: 3881: 3804:"Efficacy of LEED-certification in reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission for large New York City office buildings" 3561: 3044: 1155:

The Cashman Equipment building is the first construction equipment dealership to receive LEED certification. It is the largest LEED

8114: 8046: 2938: 2657: 1830: 1023: 6088: 5555: 4891: 3630: 2964: 2264: 204:, is the first LEED Platinum city in the world. Pictured is 1225 Connecticut Avenue, the first redeveloped office building on the 5525: 5282: 5035: 3582: 3204:

Fisk, W (2001). "Estimates of Potential Nationwide Productivity and Health Benefits from Better Indoor Environments: An Update".

3168: 1070:

environmental design building standards. Such buildings can qualify after being rated at LEED silver or similar a certification.

6644: 6602: 6588: 3687: 3127: 3084: 1680: 1139:

Also in Pittsburgh, Sota Construction Services' corporate headquarters, which features a super-efficient thermal envelope using

595:

It is expected to address issues of resiliency, equity, and health and well-being as well as decarbonization, and biodiversity.

6645:

Foundations of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, Environmental Rating System, A Tool for Market Transformation

6383: 5985: 5930: 5740: 2682: 858:

Material technology and construction techniques could be among first issues to consider in building design. For the facade of

581:

LEED v5 is expected to have three system goals, resulting in significant changes to its scoring breakdown. It will emphasize:

7919: 6624: 6527: 4158: 2314: 2196: 1966: 1876: 1798: 4801: 8245: 8079: 8041: 6725: 6688: 4259:"Influence of factors unrelated to environmental quality on occupant satisfaction in LEED and non-LEED certified buildings" 2817:"U.S. Green Building Council Launches LEED v4.1 for City, Community and Residential Projects | U.S. Green Building Council" 1116:

received a Silver certification, its Center for Sustainable Landscapes received a Platinum certification and fulfilled the

220: 132: 4921: 2553: 811: 807: 5614: 2101: 1101: 1087: 694: 545:

From 2010, buildings can use carbon offsets to achieve green power credits for LEED-NC (new construction certification).

6793: 5814: 4009: 3342: 3321: 2337: 1748:"The Top 10 Countries for LEED demonstrate that green building is a truly global movement | U.S. Green Building Council" 806:

credit was updated in LEED v4 to include a simulation option for daylight analysis that uses spatial daylight autonomy (

369: m) have been proposed worldwide, and more than 105,000 projects representing over 12 billion square feet (1.1 7902: 4514: 4235: 3447: 1178:

in New York City is one of the tallest and most well-known LEED-certified buildings, certified as an existing building.

1005:

performances to compensate for the others, and energy conservation becomes the weakest part in the overall evaluation.

6788: 5872: 1248:

Outstanding status. It generates its own energy using solar power and ground-source heat pumps and utilizes extensive

974:, which are not in themselves necessary for an environmentally responsible project unless seeking LEED certification. 7944: 7657: 7193: 6922: 6803: 6762: 6712: 3606: 3371: 2216: 1360: 632: 620: 402: 310: 173: 72: 1609: 309:

A key player in developing the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) green certification program was

7013: 6170: 4861: 3219:

Brager, Gail; Paliaga, Gwelen; de Dear, Richard (2004). "Operable windows, personal control and occupant comfort".

1452: 1407: 1397: 608: 284: 5475: 2395: 1893: 8235: 8094: 7908: 7288: 5454:"Improving Green Building: Comparing LEED Certification to the FDA and Its Private, Third Party Ratings Approach" 3421: 2782: 2531: 1560:

The Optimize Energy Performance credit energy models must follow the methodologies outlined in Appendix G of the

1198: 1195: 205: 5762: 4471:

Reinhart, Christoph (1 June 2015). "Opinion: Climate-based daylighting metrics in LEEDv4 – A fragile progress".

2488:"LEED: The path to a regenerative future – Greenbuild 2020 Session Review – Green Cincinnati Education Advocacy" 1912: 835:

Innovation in LEED architecture is linked with new designs and high-quality construction. One example is use of

6852: 6409: 5986:"Development News: Phipps' Center for Sustainable Landscapes opens today, to be greenest building in the world" 5391: 5233:"The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green Buildings: A Report to California's Sustainable Building Task Force" 2760: 1640: 612: 5588:"Maryland Enacts Green Building Standards for Public Buildings | Center for Climate and Energy Solutions" 4753: 2579: 1359:, causing many of the agency's 627 employees to drive additional miles to and from work. Kaid Benfield of the 1009:

sensitive and does not vary enough with regard to local environmental conditions. For instance, a building in

8255: 8240: 8056: 8000: 7995: 7572: 7100: 6798: 6699: 6586:

The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green Buildings: A Report to California's Sustainable Building Task Force

2414: 1272: 888: 604: 255:. LEED v5 is projected to be published as of 1 January 2024 and may address some of the previous criticisms. 5342: 4594: 4258: 4039: 2997: 193:

is the tallest building to be LEED-certified since 2015 and the third tallest building in the world overall.

7617: 7168: 7089: 7048: 6767: 6141:"2009 ULI Fall Meeting & Urban Land Expo — Green Retrofit: What Is Making This the Wave of the Future?" 2450: 1201:, completed in 2011, achieved LEED Platinum certification and became known as "Maine's greenest building". 348: 6110: 2432: 1212:

became the first newly built stadium in the country to achieve Platinum-level certification. In May 2012,

7960: 7762: 7273: 7208: 7126: 7038: 6902: 6748: 6662: 6298:"First Professional Sports Stadium To Achieve LEED Platinum Certification For Operations And Maintenance" 6058: 6010: 5962: 5958: 5181: 3394: 2373: 1645: 1502: 1337: 395: 272: 232: 227:(USGBC), it includes a set of rating systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of 224: 5508:"Tax Deductions and Incentives. The Vinyl Roofing Division of the Chemical Fabrics and Film Association" 2908: 887:

Extreme structures that have received LEED certification include: Amorepacific Headquarters in Seoul by

725:

using LEED-documented data from certified projects. The study compared plug load assumptions made by 92

463:

Under LEED 2009, an evaluated project scores points to a possible maximum of 100 across six categories:

8109: 7990: 7697: 7462: 7306: 4639:"Glass to Power, a produrre energia (pulita) saranno le finestre | SassariNotizie 24 ore – 383878" 3020:"World's second largest building, Shanghai Tower, achieves LEED Platinum | U.S. Green Building Council" 2487: 1417: 1148: 767: 759: 734: 340: 3844: 2242: 710: 709:

considered source energy (accounting for energy losses during generation and transmission) as well as

8162: 8021: 7985: 7787: 7417: 7372: 7300: 7152: 7095: 1497: 1462: 1372: 1268: 1209: 1117: 991: 738:

suggested a disconnection between assumptions in the models and the actual performance of buildings.

283:, and environmental lawyer Michael Italiano. Representatives from 60 firms and nonprofits met at the 5308: 5232: 5061: 1299: 8209: 8031: 7727: 7327: 7106: 6997: 6982: 6054: 5368: 4775: 3497: 1492: 717:

reductions when compared to non-LEED buildings, although they did consume 10–17% less site energy.

714: 480: 6353: 5706:

standards. Buildings can become eligible by earning a LEED silver rating or similar certification.

5640: 5155: 1894:"'A contradiction': U.S. subsidizes 'sustainable' buildings, but leaves them vulnerable to floods" 317:. It was Watson, sometimes referred to as the "Founding Father of LEED", who created the acronym. 8204: 8129: 8051: 7980: 7924: 7856: 7752: 7667: 7577: 7542: 7018: 6431: 5935: 1276: 148: 5840: 5718: 2355: 1167:

corporate has rewritten their development guidelines for new facilities based on this building.

961:

developers have begun to use LEED certification and a building's green status as selling points.

259:

consider buildings in terms of the well-being of their occupants and as part of larger systems.

8194: 8156: 8036: 7747: 7178: 2217:"From a simple idea to a several-hundred-billion-dollar industry | U.S. Green Building Council" 1788: 1507: 1422: 971: 5461: 5264: 5013: 3361: 2304: 2186: 1866: 359:

As of 2023, more than 185,000 LEED projects representing over 28 billion square feet (2.6

8214: 7892: 7851: 7567: 7238: 7058: 6830: 6144: 1352: 1329: 1183: 1175: 863: 726: 384: 58: 31: 6297: 6032: 5507: 1610:"Washington, D.C. Named First LEED Platinum City in the World | U.S. Green Building Council" 8016: 8006: 7950: 7887: 7782: 7362: 7311: 6877: 4327: 4273: 4193: 4180:

Frontczak, M.; Schiavon, S.; Goins, J.; Arens, E.; Zhang, H.; Wargocki, P. (1 April 2012).

4120: 4054: 3975: 3815: 3699: 3652: 3247: 2083:"Bob Berkebile: "That Was the Brilliance of LEED—It Included Everyone in the Conversation"" 1928: 1442: 1427: 1275:

earned a Gold certification. It was built almost entirely from the recycled remains of the

1256: 1121: 519: 472: 239: 3164: 2863: 2045:"Sustainability USGBC CEO Rick Fedrizzi to Head the International Well Building Institute" 1220:

became the first National Football League (NFL) stadium certified LEED. In July 2014, the

1078: 8: 7882: 7872: 7846: 7632: 7294: 7203: 7173: 7073: 7043: 6937: 6897: 4980: 4720: 3920: 3874: 3554: 3284: 3238:

Hellwig, Runa (2015). "Perceived control in indoor environments: a conceptual approach".

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Gerrit-Jan, Knaap; Rebecca, Lewis; Arnab, Chakraborty; Katy, June-Friesen (8 July 2022).

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The LEED for Homes guidelines were also adopted by the DOE Net Zero Energy Homes Project.

1432: 1377: 1221: 859: 852: 5995: 4382:

Altomonte, Sergio; Schiavon, Stefano; Kent, Michael G.; Brager, Gail (1 November 2017).

4331: 4277: 4197: 4124: 4058: 3979: 3819: 3703: 3251: 2930: 2847: 243:

has developed a separate rating system adapted to the Canadian climate and regulations.

99:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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The True Cost of LEED-Certified Green Buildings | Archive content from HPAC Engineering

3263: 2960: 2875: 1940: 1457: 1144: 755: 558: 476: 336: 294: 186: 5286: 4155:"Center for the Built Environment: Occupant Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Survey" 3578: 2506: 1035:

permitting, free or reduced-cost technical assistance, grants and low-interest loans.

7717: 7672: 7427: 7422: 7352: 7248: 7084: 6887: 6704: 6620: 6599: 6585: 6523: 5529: 5457: 5203: 5125: 5009: 4624: 4580: 4500: 4488: 4384:"Indoor environmental quality and occupant satisfaction in green-certified buildings" 4361: 4343: 4219: 4211: 4206: 4140: 3946: 3900: 3519:"The Cost of LEED – An Analysis of the Construction Costs of LEED and Non-LEED Banks" 3367: 3267: 3143: 3123: 3100: 3080: 2879: 2867: 2846:

Hu, Howard; Cohen, Gary; Sharma, Bhavna; Yin, Hao; McConnell, Rob (17 October 2022).

2468: 2310: 2282: 2192: 1986:"The Newest Version of LEED Will Focus More on Performance Value and Decarbonization" 1944: 1932: 1872: 1794: 1672: 1291: 1287: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1191:

Willis Tower to be the current tallest LEED-certified building in the United States.

844: 840: 668: 531: 464: 391:, involving "fake grassroots organizations usually sponsored by large corporations". 5736: 4566: 4412: 4231: 4074: 3045:"LEED 2009 for new construction and major renovations – U.S. Green Building Council" 2005:"A Detailed Comparison of Indoor Air Quality in LEED v5 and LEED v4.1 Certification" 1127: 8184: 7939: 7934: 7517: 7223: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7028: 6819: 6637: 6549:"EXography: LEED certification doesn't guarantee energy efficiency, analysis shows" 6379: 4552: 4480: 4398: 4351: 4335: 4285: 4281: 4201: 4128: 4066: 4062: 3983: 3823: 3751: 3707: 3255: 2859: 1924: 1482: 1164: 497:, the tallest and largest LEED Platinum certified building in the world since 2015. 490: 484: 468: 314: 252: 201: 6581:

Green Building Facts . (n.d.). US Green Building Council. Retrieved June 27, 2009.

5700: 5682: 5570: 4403: 4154: 3987: 3828: 3803: 3755: 3742:

Scofield, John H. (2009). "Do LEED-certified buildings save energy? Not really.".

3711: 3304:"LEED v5 draft from the US Green Building Council doubles down on decarbonization" 3259: 2188:

Handbook of Green Building Design and Construction: LEED, BREEAM, and Green Globes

8179: 8151: 7793: 7707: 7702: 7647: 7637: 7627: 7557: 7497: 7412: 7397: 7218: 7213: 7188: 7183: 7053: 6977: 6695: 6629: 6606: 6592: 4132: 3610: 3504: 3363:

The greening of IT : how companies can make a difference for the environment

1312: 1170: 1156: 979: 763: 730: 554: 301:, was the first food manufacturing plant to receive LEED Platinum status in 2009. 298: 280: 3472: 1364:

status, if any, will be a small fraction of the carbon wasted by its location".

1347:, city planner Jeff Speck provides another example of "LEED brain": the federal 231:, homes, and neighborhoods, which aims to help building owners and operators be 7929: 7826: 7602: 7582: 7547: 7482: 7402: 7243: 7233: 7142: 6992: 6962: 6917: 6912: 4181: 2162: 2127:"Mahesh Ramanujam takes reins as U.S. Green Building Council President and CEO" 2106: 1356: 1249: 1205: 1140: 987: 780: 494: 228: 190: 6717: 4339: 4001: 899:, California; Project: UFO in a Sequinned Dress: Centro Botín in Santander by 818:(IES) and codified in the LM-83-12 standard. LEED recommends a minimum of 300 422:

LEED also forms the basis for other sustainability rating systems such as the

144: 8229: 8011: 7862: 7757: 7722: 7492: 7487: 7442: 7437: 7283: 7258: 7253: 7228: 7198: 7068: 6967: 6947: 6927: 6838: 4492: 4484: 4347: 4215: 2871: 2022: 1936: 1472: 1333: 1213: 896: 530:

Prior to LEED 2009 evaluation and certification, a building must comply with

276: 5227: 2433:"2013 Leadership in LEED Award: Joel Ann Todd | U.S. Green Building Council" 704:

The Hostal Empúries was the first LEED (LEED Gold) certified hotel in Europe

446:

Green interior design and construction – for commercial and retail interiors

8189: 7867: 7767: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7662: 7597: 7477: 7447: 7387: 7382: 7357: 7268: 7147: 7063: 6987: 6972: 6957: 6658: 5453: 4802:"Türkiye LEED Sertifikalı Yeşil Binalar listesinde 9. sırada! – 04-08-2015" 4557: 4540: 4365: 4223: 2306:

The Greening of IT: How Companies Can Make a Difference for the Environment

1447: 1355:, to a LEED-certified building 20 miles (32 km) away in the suburb of 954: 920: 848: 836: 388: 344: 326: 6600:

A Business Case for Green Building in Canada: Presented to Industry Canada

6584:

Kats, G., Alevantis, L., Berman, A., Mills, E., & Perlman, J. (2003).

5062:"An Investigation of the Effect of Eco-Labeling on Office Occupancy Rates" 3603: 2265:"LEED: A Look at the Rating System That's Changing the Way America Builds" 1967:"US Green Building Council seeks votes on LEED update through open ballot" 343:, was the first LEED Platinum community in the world in 2020. Pictured is 8199: 7841: 7798: 7772: 7712: 7692: 7687: 7562: 7522: 7507: 7452: 7377: 7347: 7342: 7158: 7023: 6942: 3845:"Plug Load Energy Analysis: The Role of Plug Loads in LEED Certification" 2451:"LEED launches social equity pilot credits | U.S. Green Building Council" 1868:

Handbook on Smart Growth: Promise, Principles, and Prospects for Planning

1561: 1241: 958: 900: 6111:"Empire State Building Achieves LEED Gold | U.S. Green Building Council" 6029:"Sota Construction Services, Inc. – Sota Construction Corporate Offices" 4625:"Evaluation_of_emission-control_options_at_Leeds_Architectural_Products" 1584: 892: 279:, the head of environmental marketing at Carrier, real estate developer 7955: 7877: 7808: 7777: 7652: 7622: 7552: 7502: 7472: 7457: 7432: 7337: 7137: 7033: 6952: 6892: 6612: 3448:"Canada Green Building Council to oversee LEED certification in Canada" 3395:"Canada Ranks Second in the World for LEED Certified Buildings in 2021" 2931:"LEED certification for residential | U.S. Green Building Council" 1368:

efficient, especially when compared to the automobile-oriented sprawl.

1317: 1132: 1109: 1097: 1038: 881: 700: 197: 2727: 1244:

in London became the world's first building awarded LEED Platinum and

7914: 7592: 7587: 7537: 7512: 7367: 7163: 5228: 4951: 4746:"Kartal Konut Projesi Manzara Adalar'a Hoş Geldiniz – Manzara Adalar" 2469:"Chris Schaffner, PE, LEED Fellow, WELL Faculty | The Green Engineer" 1487: 1467: 1383: 1000: 722: 64: 6405: 5931:"Convention center earns highest 'green' cred: platinum LEED rating" 2752: 2720: 924:

capitalization rates, potentially reflecting lower investment risk.

7897: 7831: 7332: 7132: 6932: 6907: 6882: 5990: 4832:"A Building for the Whole City: Amorepacific Headquarters in Seoul" 4745: 2745: 2571: 1709: 1437: 1371:

LEED standards have also been criticized for not actually creating

1325: 1260: 1147:

well, radiant heat flooring, a roof-mounted solar panel array, and

1054: 1046: 877: 855:. Titanium, silica, and aluminum-based compounds may also be used. 803: 518:

The aim of LEED 2009 is to allocate points "based on the potential

5423:"4 Advantages of Specifying Steel Construction for A LEED Project" 2627:"Why Are Some States Trying to Ban LEED Green Building Standards?" 2528:"Steven Winter Associates, Inc | U.S. Green Building Council" 1228:

became the first NFL venue to earn a LEED Gold certification. The

383:

USGBC considers too lax. LEED is considered a target of a type of

7407: 7079: 3343:"LEED v5 is coming soon: Here's what you need to know | Roseburg" 2989: 1217: 1050: 1014: 6598:

Lucuik, M., Trusty, W., Larsson, N., & Charette, R. (2005).

6520:

Walkable City: How Downtown Can Save America, One Step at a Time

5789:"Building of the week-CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre" 5283:"U.S. Green Building Council | U.S. Green Building Council" 5231:; Leon Alevantis; Adam Berman; Evan Mills; Jeff Perlman (2003). 4581:"New_polymer_architectures_for_architectural_stone_preservation" 4040:"Occupant satisfaction in LEED and non-LEED certified buildings" 4002:"Workplace Safety and Health Topics, Indoor Environment Quality" 3627:"U.S. Green Building Council | U.S. Green Building Council" 2683:"Chemical Industry Attacks LEED: BuildingGreen Checks the Facts" 1252:

technologies to automate the building's environmental controls.

8084: 7836: 7642: 7392: 6674: 5334: 4641:[Glass to Power, windows will produce (clean) energy]. 4313: 3157: 2604: 1402: 1245: 1160: 1124:, and its greenhouse facility received Platinum certification. 1042: 904: 427: 6860: 2710:"Beltway Astroturf Organization Sets Sights on Green Building" 2505:

Kats, Greg; Perlman, Jeff; Jamadagni, Sachin (December 2005).

2163:"USGBC Announces Launch of CEO Search : PaintSquare News" 8099: 7532: 6246:"First Collegiate Stadium Receives LEED Platinum Designation" 4978: 2900: 2753:"LEED professional credentials | U.S. Green Building Council" 1010: 870: 693:

In 2009, architectural scientist Guy Newsham (et al.) of the

6668: 4109: 3686:

Newsham, Guy R.; Mancini, Sandra; Birt, Benjamin J. (2009).

3422:"The Green Museums Community is Taking Climate Action – IMT" 3191:

LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction

2283:"Bill Reed | Holcim Foundation for Sustainable Construction" 7607: 7527: 4381: 4179: 1477: 1336:, and 15 miles (24 km) from Gap's corporate campus in 290: 5615:"First-in-Country Projects to Get Free LEED Certification" 3285:"LEED v5 at Greenbuild 2023 | U.S. Green Building Council" 2554:"USGBC Announces Its 2023 Board of Directors and Officers" 1864: 5335:"Living Building Challenge – The Living Future Institute" 5066: 931: 839:

technology for consolidation and conservation effects in

819: 611:

are LEED certified due to practices including the use of

6171:"Empire State Building Achieves LEED Gold Certification" 5364: 3579:"LEED rating systems | U.S. Green Building Council" 3322:"USGBC Introduces LEED v5 Draft for Building Operations" 3165:"LEED Certification | The CarbonNeutral Company US" 1831:"In U.S. building industry, is it too easy to be green?" 501:

Buildings can qualify for four levels of certification:

6680: 5151: 2145:"USGBC Announces Leadership Change and Strategy Review" 1910: 5977: 2415:"- Arc – is here: connecting the building performance" 1324:, gives as an example of "LEED brain" the building by 6432:"Global green building pioneer LEEDs the way: Brazil" 4892:"UFO in a Sequinned Dress: Centro Botín in Santander" 4515:"LEED Drives Innovation in the Construction Industry" 2102:"Shearer's, Fresh Mark, Drummond are success stories" 6011:"Phipps Production Greenhouse Attains LEED Platinum" 4257:

Schiavon, Stefano; Altomonte, Sergio (1 July 2014).

3688:"Do LEED-certified buildings save energy? Yes, but…" 3218: 2893: 2504: 1673:"Green Building Facts | U.S. Green Building Council" 553:

For LEED BD+C v4 credit, the IEQ category addresses

223:

program used worldwide. Developed by the non-profit

3843:Schiavon, Stefano; Fuertes, Gwen (7 January 2013). 2658:"South Carolina Avoids LEED Ban Through Compromise" 6713:Profile – LEED Green Building Certification System 6220:Maine's 'greenest building' is designed to educate 4037: 3685: 2901:"LEED rating system | U.S. Green Building Council" 2023:"Mission and vision | U.S. Green Building Council" 1351:relocated its Region 7 Headquarters from downtown 4256: 3279: 3277: 2374:"Tom Paladino, President PE, Assoc AIA, LEED® AP" 1602: 816:Illuminating Engineering Society of North America 8227: 5059: 5007: 4539:Daehne, Arnulf; Herm, Christoph (9 April 2013). 3193:. Washington, DC: USGBC. 2013. pp. 695–710. 2845: 1913:"Introducing the Circular Economy to Economists" 826: 6747: 5701:"LEED CERTIFICATION INCENTIVES IN OTHER STATES" 5683:"LEED CERTIFICATION INCENTIVES IN OTHER STATES" 5571:"LEED CERTIFICATION INCENTIVES IN OTHER STATES" 3842: 3797: 3795: 3770:"The difference between source and site energy" 3737: 3735: 3733: 3517:Mapp, Chad; Nobe, MaryEllen C.; Dunbar, Brian. 3366:. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: IBM Press/Pearson. 2572:"Press Room | U.S. Green Building Council" 2309:. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education. 1013:would receive the same credit as a building in 910: 843:buildings. This practice began with the use of 662: 578:final version was published on 1 January 2024. 379: m) have been certified in 185 countries. 4038:Schiavone, Stefano; Altomonte, Sergio (2013). 3274: 1413:Center for Environmental Innovation in Roofing 688: 525:National Institute of Standards and Technology 6846: 6784:Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design 6733: 6354:"Crystal Clear – Inside Siemens' The Crystal" 4956:"Green building costs and financial benefits" 4922:"Vertical factory: Office building in London" 2728:"organizations | U.S. Green Building Council" 1860: 1858: 1856: 949: 940: 591:Ecological conservation and restoration (25%) 213:Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design 6643:U.S. Green Building Council. (August 2006). 5552:"LEED Initiatives in Government and Schools" 3965: 3792: 3730: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3118: 3116: 2338:"USGBC Announces 2019 Class of LEED Fellows" 1641:"1225 Connecticut Avenue gets LEED Platinum" 1131:Sota Construction Corporate Headquarters in 347:, the tallest LEED Platinum building in the 6002: 5841:"CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre" 5815:"CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre" 5737:"Kalam to open world's 'greenest' building" 4988:Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management 4776:"Kartal Masterplan – Zaha Hadid Architects" 4033: 4031: 4029: 4027: 3555:"A National Green Building Research Agenda" 3337: 3335: 2984: 2982: 2514:Arizona Department of Environmental Quality 1960: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1114:Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens 745: 73:Learn how and when to remove these messages 18:Leadership in Energy and Environment Design 7613:High efficiency glandless circulating pump 6862:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning 6853: 6839: 6740: 6726: 6497:Schendler and Udall quoted in Owen, p. 230 5955:"Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Garden" 5026: 4979:N. Miller; J. Spivey; A. Florance (2008). 4961:. Massachusetts Technology Collaborative. 4595:"Empire State Building achieves LEED Gold" 4538: 4377: 4375: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 3516: 2852:Annual Review of Environment and Resources 2810: 2808: 2298: 2296: 1853: 1828: 1710:"Press room | U.S. Green Building Council" 1100:'s 1,500,000-square-foot (140,000 m) 752:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 557:, visual, and acoustic comfort as well as 351:, and other towers of various LEED status. 8261:Sustainable building in the United States 6514: 6512: 6488:Schendler and Udall quoted in Owen, p.224 6380:"Urban Ecology — Description | CMHC" 6008: 5152:"GBIG Green Building Information Gateway" 5093: 5034:. Responsibleproperty.net. Archived from 4556: 4402: 4355: 4205: 3827: 3670: 3113: 2393: 2387: 2064:"'Green' growth fuels an entire industry" 1904: 1790:History of Interior Design: – with STUDIO 1782: 1780: 1073: 876:The Manzara Adalar skyscraper project in 653:heating, ventilation and air-conditioning 449:Green building operations and maintenance 394:Unlike model building codes, such as the 174:Learn how and when to remove this message 8047:Mold growth, assessment, and remediation 6272:"Soldier Field earns top building honor" 5665: 5389: 4470: 4442:"IES – Illuminating Engineering Society" 4024: 3801: 3741: 3332: 3301: 2979: 2783:"USGBC Announces Extension of LEED 2009" 2258: 2256: 2243:"The Guide to LEED Certification Basics" 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2210: 2208: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2080: 2074: 2038: 2036: 1964: 1951: 1807: 1793:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. ?. 1745: 1726: 1255:When it received LEED Platinum in 2012, 1169: 1126: 1077: 953: 699: 626: 572: 489: 335: 289: 196: 185: 147:by adding descriptive text and removing 6681:GBIG Green Building Information Gateway 6522:New York: North Point Press. pp.55–59. 5897: 5612: 5526:"Summary of Government LEED Incentives" 5060:Fuerst, Franz; McAllister, Pat (2009). 5027:Pivo, Gary; Fisher, Jeffrey D. (2009). 4372: 4096: 4006:Center for Disease Control Main Website 3237: 2814: 2805: 2707: 2701: 2330: 2293: 1829:Schnaars, Christopher; Morgan, Hannah. 1786: 1764: 1720: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1514: 1082:The Philip Merrill Environmental Center 645: 585:Climate action (50% of possible points) 14: 8228: 6509: 6459: 6457: 6213: 6168: 6031:. Sotaconstruction.com. Archived from 5698: 5680: 5568: 5558:from the original on 16 February 2009. 5420: 5271:from the original on 23 November 2015. 4968:from the original on 22 November 2015. 3951:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3905:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3567:from the original on 12 December 2013. 3445: 3439: 3148:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3105:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2655: 2649: 2124: 2118: 2099: 1929:10.1146/annurev-resource-101321-053659 1777: 1279:, which previously occupied the site. 932:Directories of LEED-certified projects 891:; Project: Brave New World: SFMOMA by 633:Green Building Certification Institute 7920:Programmable communicating thermostat 6834: 6721: 6360:from the original on 16 December 2013 6169:Dailey, Jessica (14 September 2011). 5983: 5928: 5922: 5910:from the original on 17 February 2013 5900:"David L. Lawrence Convention Center" 5514:from the original on 19 January 2012. 5158:from the original on 12 November 2013 5106:from the original on 16 November 2018 4997:from the original on 29 October 2015. 4902:from the original on 25 February 2021 4862:"Brave New World: SFMOMA by Snøhetta" 4842:from the original on 19 December 2020 4452:from the original on 17 November 2015 4161:from the original on 17 November 2015 3887:from the original on 23 November 2015 3855:from the original on 24 November 2015 3657:Canada Green Building Council (CAGBC) 3477:Canada Green Building Council (CAGBC) 3399:Canada Green Building Council (CAGBC) 3130:from the original on 18 December 2011 2967:from the original on 25 February 2010 2864:10.1146/annurev-environ-112320-095157 2841: 2839: 2837: 2793:from the original on 18 December 2014 2637:from the original on 22 November 2015 2599: 2597: 2485: 2262: 2253: 2240: 2227: 2214: 2205: 2184: 2173: 2061: 2055: 2042: 2033: 2002: 1996: 1983: 1977: 1841:from the original on 28 November 2013 1787:Ireland, Jeannie (22 February 2018). 1683:from the original on 28 November 2015 1638: 1029: 631:LEED certification is granted by the 615:, green roofs, and natural lighting. 415: 8042:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing 6632:and Udall, Randy (October 26, 2005) 6559:from the original on 14 October 2019 6412:from the original on 16 October 2013 6226:from the original on 31 October 2014 6091:from the original on 5 November 2013 6055:"Sota Construction Office Expansion" 5879:from the original on 30 October 2020 5821:from the original on 1 November 2020 5795:from the original on 29 October 2020 5769:from the original on 29 October 2020 5743:from the original on 29 October 2020 5621:from the original on 3 November 2013 5594:from the original on 3 November 2013 5451: 5433:from the original on 4 February 2019 5402:from the original on 4 February 2019 5390:Phillips, Marvin (25 October 2012). 5371:from the original on 15 October 2013 5315:from the original on 16 October 2013 5132:from the original on 3 December 2013 4950: 4932:from the original on 17 October 2021 4872:from the original on 27 January 2021 4756:from the original on 2 December 2020 4320:Current Environmental Health Reports 4012:from the original on 3 December 2013 3780:from the original on 17 October 2021 3585:from the original on 16 October 2013 3547: 3507:. Hpac.com. Retrieved on 2014-06-23. 3359: 3353: 3295: 3203: 3087:from the original on 5 December 2011 3000:from the original on 23 January 2021 2582:from the original on 31 October 2020 2412: 2396:"Horst Discusses the Future of LEED" 2302: 1891: 1885: 1758: 1739: 1695: 1653:from the original on 17 October 2021 1632: 1519: 424:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 115: 79: 38: 8266:Sustainable building rating systems 6454: 6386:from the original on 3 October 2013 6334:from the original on 12 August 2016 6103: 6065:from the original on 7 January 2014 5943:from the original on 1 August 2013. 5245:from the original on 1 October 2015 4391:Building Research & Information 4238:from the original on 9 January 2018 3994: 3426:Institute for Market Transformation 3419: 3413: 3240:Building Research & Information 2081:Pedersen, Martin C. (23 May 2022). 1917:Annual Review of Resource Economics 1746:Verdinez, Deisy (7 February 2023). 1727:Verdinez, Deisy (26 January 2022). 1102:David L. Lawrence Convention Center 1091:and construction of this facility. 1088:Philip Merrill Environmental Center 695:National Research Council of Canada 564: 24: 7903:Minimum efficiency reporting value 6574: 5725:from the original on 25 July 2011. 5647:from the original on 6 August 2013 5641:"LEED Earth Rules and Regulations" 5488:from the original on 30 March 2012 5421:Rucker, Jelani (1 November 2012). 5345:from the original on 24 March 2018 5075:from the original on 13 March 2020 4295:from the original on 21 March 2020 4084:from the original on 10 March 2020 3718:from the original on 14 March 2020 3633:from the original on 12 March 2013 3183: 3171:from the original on 19 March 2014 2941:from the original on 21 March 2020 2911:from the original on 27 March 2020 2834: 2594: 2125:Fabris, Peter (18 November 2016). 1892:Hiar, Corbin (25 September 2023). 1765:Stanley, Sarah (9 February 2021). 455:Green home design and construction 27:Standard for green building design 25: 8277: 7945:Standard temperature and pressure 7658:Packaged terminal air conditioner 7194:Passive daytime radiative cooling 6923:Heat pump and refrigeration cycle 6804:LEED for Neighborhood Development 6763:Green Business Certification Inc. 6652: 6442:from the original on 17 July 2020 6356:. Abtecbt.com. 16 December 2013. 6177:from the original on 31 July 2013 6121:from the original on 31 July 2019 5853:from the original on 1 March 2021 5392:"Is LEED Certification Worth It?" 5128:. Canada Green Building Council. 4812:from the original on 15 July 2020 4701:from the original on 2 March 2021 4675:from the original on 2 March 2021 4649:from the original on 15 July 2020 4605:from the original on 16 July 2020 4422:from the original on 19 July 2018 4113:Building Research and Information 3302:Amarnath, Nish (2 October 2023). 2656:Blahut, Chelsea (16 April 2014). 2486:Lohre, Chuck (10 November 2020). 2215:Kriss, Jacob (20 February 2014). 2062:Frank, Thomas (25 October 2012). 1639:Plumb, Tierney (8 October 2009). 1620:from the original on 17 July 2020 1361:Natural Resources Defense Council 986:The USGBC has stated support for 621:Green Business Certification Inc. 548: 433: 408: 403:Green Business Certification Inc. 311:Natural Resources Defense Council 54:This article has multiple issues. 8251:Environment of the United States 7014:Absorption-compression heat pump 6541: 6532: 6500: 6491: 6482: 6424: 6398: 6372: 6346: 6316: 6304:from the original on 20 May 2021 6290: 6278:from the original on 6 June 2013 6264: 6238: 6207: 6189: 6162: 6133: 6077: 6047: 6021: 6017:from the original on 2 May 2014. 5947: 5891: 5865: 5833: 5807: 5781: 5755: 5729: 5711: 5692: 5674: 5659: 5633: 5613:Roberts, Tristan (5 June 2013). 5606: 5580: 5562: 5544: 5518: 5500: 5468: 5445: 5414: 5383: 5357: 5327: 5301: 5275: 5257: 5221: 5196: 5170: 5144: 5118: 5087: 5071:. American Real Estate Society. 5053: 5020: 5001: 4972: 4944: 4914: 4884: 4854: 4824: 4794: 4782:from the original on 2 July 2017 4768: 4738: 4713: 4687: 4661: 4631: 4617: 4599:Consulting – Specifying Engineer 4587: 4573: 4532: 4507: 4473:Lighting Research and Technology 4464: 4434: 4307: 4250: 4207:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00745.x 3933:from the original on 3 July 2015 3452:Green Business Certification Inc 3446:Sturla, Lesley (18 March 2022). 2763:from the original on 8 July 2020 2413:Long, Marisa (1 December 2016). 2114:from the original on 2 May 2014. 1984:Casey, Chris (13 October 2023). 1585:"Shanghai Tower | LEED Lookbook" 1453:High-Performance Green Buildings 1408:Center for the Built Environment 1398:Building enclosure commissioning 1328:of a green showcase building in 810:) and annual sunlight exposure ( 609:Canadian Museum for Human Rights 285:American Institute of Architects 208:to receive LEED Platinum status. 120: 84: 43: 7909:Normal temperature and pressure 7289:Vapor-compression refrigeration 6406:"Letterman Digital Arts Center" 6009:Raulerson, Josh (5 July 2012). 5898:Gonchar, Joann (October 2012). 5873:"Indian Green Building Council" 5204:"LEED Program | Brampton Brick" 5178:"LEED Professional Credentials" 5126:"Canada Builds Green Directory" 4645:(in Italian). 10 October 2016. 4173: 4147: 3959: 3913: 3867: 3836: 3762: 3645: 3619: 3597: 3571: 3510: 3490: 3465: 3387: 3314: 3231: 3212: 3197: 3073: 3037: 3012: 2953: 2923: 2848:"Sustainability in Health Care" 2815:Stanley, Sarah (2 April 2019). 2775: 2675: 2619: 2564: 2546: 2520: 2498: 2479: 2461: 2443: 2425: 2406: 2394:Schneider, Jim (7 April 2009). 2366: 2348: 2275: 2155: 2137: 2093: 2015: 1965:Amarnath, Nish (12 July 2023). 1554: 1545: 1535: 1526: 1349:Environmental Protection Agency 1199:Bosarge Family Education Center 1196:Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens 235:and use resources efficiently. 62:or discuss these issues on the 6634:"Leed is Broken; Let's Fix It" 6609:. U.S. Green Building Council. 6595:. U.S. Green Building Council. 4286:10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.03.028 4067:10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.06.008 3496:Hughes, Timothy. (2011-01-01) 3420:Lee, Joyce (18 October 2019). 2708:Johnson, Sara (6 March 2014). 2185:Kubba, Sam (15 October 2016). 2131:Building Design + Construction 2100:Staley, Doug (14 March 2011). 2003:Bates, Liam (3 October 2023). 1665: 1577: 916:reduced indoor air pollution. 675: 598: 452:Green neighborhood development 13: 1: 8057:Testing, adjusting, balancing 8001:Building information modeling 7996:Building services engineering 7573:Ground-coupled heat exchanger 7101:Demand controlled ventilation 7049:Building insulation materials 6705:Canada Builds Green Directory 6700:Canada Green Building Council 6274:. Chicagobears. 31 May 2012. 6085:"Cashman Turns Green to Gold" 5984:Moore, Andrew (23 May 2012). 5094:Appelbaum, A. (19 May 2010). 4404:10.1080/09613218.2018.1383715 3988:10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.04.016 3829:10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.08.032 3756:10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.08.006 3712:10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.03.014 3260:10.1080/09613218.2015.1004150 2963:. US Green Building Council. 2043:Busta, Hallie (6 July 2016). 1273:Letterman Digital Arts Center 1135:earned LEED Platinum in 2012. 889:David Chipperfield Architects 827:Innovation in design research 605:Canada Green Building Council 514:Platinum: 80 points and above 7618:High-pressure cut-off switch 7169:Ice storage air conditioning 7090:Dedicated outdoor air system 6768:World Green Building Council 6465:"The road to carbon neutral" 6214:Turkel, Tux (14 July 2011). 4316:"Green Buildings and Health" 4133:10.1080/09613218.2013.789951 2303:Lamb, John (30 March 2009). 2263:Malin, Nadav (1 June 2000). 2241:Jones, Darla (7 June 2019). 1571: 1306: 911:Other related research notes 663:LEED for Homes rating system 349:Washington metropolitan area 221:green building certification 7: 8246:Energy in the United States 7961:Thermostatic radiator valve 7763:Thermostatic radiator valve 7274:Underfloor air distribution 7209:Radiant heating and cooling 7127:Energy recovery ventilation 7039:Automobile air conditioning 6903:Domestic energy consumption 6749:U.S. Green Building Council 6663:U.S. Green Building Council 6059:U.S. Green Building Council 5959:U.S. Green Building Council 5929:Belko, Mark (11 May 2012). 5590:. C2es.org. 24 April 2008. 5285:. Usgbc.org. Archived from 3206:Indoor Air Quality Handbook 2821:U.S. Green Building Council 2607:. US Green Building Council 1871:. Edward Elgar Publishing. 1646:Washington Business Journal 1503:U.S. Green Building Council 1390: 689:Energy performance research 396:International Building Code 273:U.S. Green Building Council 233:environmentally responsible 225:U.S. Green Building Council 10: 8282: 8110:Institute of Refrigeration 7991:Architectural technologist 7463:Electrostatic precipitator 5666:Lockwood, Charles (2009). 5476:"Cost Analysis of LEED-EB" 3802:Scofield, John H. (2013). 1418:Code for Sustainable Homes 1373:energy efficient buildings 1112:, the visitor's center of 950:Benefits and disadvantages 941:Professional accreditation 760:volatile organic compounds 651:provides requirements for 485:indoor environment quality 341:Arlington County, Virginia 266: 29: 8172: 8163:Volatile organic compound 8138: 8065: 8022:Environmental engineering 7986:Architectural engineering 7969: 7817: 7788:Ultra-low particulate air 7373:Automatic balancing valve 7320: 7301:Variable refrigerant flow 7153:Heat recovery ventilation 7096:Deep water source cooling 7006: 6868: 6812: 6776: 6755: 6408:. Onelettermandrive.com. 4340:10.1007/s40572-015-0063-y 4047:Buildings and Environment 2605:"LEED Projects Directory" 2191:. Butterworth-Heinemann. 1564:building energy standard. 1498:Sustainable refurbishment 1463:Living Building Challenge 1292:net-zero carbon emissions 1210:University of North Texas 1118:Living Building Challenge 992:Living Building Challenge 356:professionals and staff. 93:This article needs to be 8210:Template:Home automation 8032:Kitchen exhaust cleaning 7728:Solar-assisted heat pump 7328:Air conditioner inverter 7107:Displacement ventilation 6998:Vapour pressure of water 6983:Thermal destratification 5267:. Architecture2030.org. 4750:www.manzaraadalar.com.tr 4485:10.1177/1477153515587613 4266:Building and Environment 3347:Roseburg Forest Products 3167:. Us.carbonneutral.com. 2287:www.holcimfoundation.org 1493:Sustainable architecture 746:IEQ performance research 313:(NRDC) senior scientist 8205:World Refrigeration Day 8052:Refrigerant reclamation 7981:Architectural acoustics 7925:Programmable thermostat 7857:Clean air delivery rate 7753:Thermal expansion valve 7668:Pressurisation ductwork 7578:Ground source heat pump 7019:Absorption refrigerator 6216:"Portland Press Herald" 5936:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 2110:. Ohio, United States. 1277:Letterman Army Hospital 972:Commissioning Authority 715:greenhouse gas emission 505:Certified: 40–49 points 481:materials and resources 275:(USGBC) was founded by 149:less pertinent examples 8236:Building energy rating 8195:Glossary of HVAC terms 8157:Sick building syndrome 8037:Mechanical engineering 7748:Smoke exhaust ductwork 7179:Mixed-mode ventilation 6675:LEED Project Directory 5643:. USGBC. 4 June 2013. 5452:Kain, Patrick (2016). 5180:. GBCI. Archived from 5096:"Don't LEED Us Astray" 4643:www.sassarinotizie.com 4558:10.1186/2050-7445-1-11 3613:Retrieved 16-03-2015. 3360:Lamb, John P. (2009). 2419:Built Environment Plus 2360:DC Preservation League 1508:WELL Building Standard 1423:Design Impact Measures 1179: 1136: 1083: 1074:Notable certifications 962: 851:structures to improve 729:practitioners against 705: 498: 352: 302: 209: 194: 8215:Template:Solar energy 7893:Intelligent buildings 7852:Carbon dioxide sensor 7239:Room air distribution 7059:Central solar heating 6689:Going green with LEED 6619:New York: Arrowhead. 5763:"A monument to green" 5311:. Architecture 2030. 4981:"Does Green Pay Off?" 4601:. 14 September 2011. 2994:ephotinc.yolasite.com 2473:www.greenengineer.com 1353:Kansas City, Missouri 1330:San Bruno, California 1184:Empire State Building 1176:Empire State Building 1173: 1130: 1081: 957: 864:Empire State Building 703: 627:Certification process 588:Quality of life (25%) 573:LEED v5 (Draft, 2023) 520:environmental impacts 493: 385:disinformation attack 339: 293: 200: 189: 32:Leed (disambiguation) 8256:Environmental design 8241:Building engineering 8017:Duct leakage testing 8007:Deep energy retrofit 7951:Thermographic camera 7888:Infrared thermometer 7363:Air source heat pump 7312:Water heat recycling 6878:Air changes per hour 6789:LEED Green Associate 5904:Architectural Record 5719:"Clark Construction" 5699:Hansen, Lee (2014). 5681:Hansen, Lee (2014). 5569:Hansen, Lee (2014). 5309:"The 2030 Challenge" 5265:"The 2030 Challenge" 4697:. 20 February 2017. 4519:constructionexec.com 3968:Energy and Buildings 3808:Energy and Buildings 3744:Energy and Buildings 3692:Energy and Buildings 2492:green-cincinnati.com 1990:GreenBuildingAdvisor 1515:Notes and references 1443:Environmental design 1428:Ecological footprint 1300:"UCI Sustainability" 1257:Manitoba Hydro Place 966:or water efficient. 669:low-rise residential 646:LEED energy modeling 613:rainwater harvesting 508:Silver: 50–59 points 240:District of Columbia 30:For other uses, see 7883:HVAC control system 7873:Home energy monitor 7847:Building automation 7633:Inverter compressor 7295:Variable air volume 7204:Passive ventilation 7174:Kitchen ventilation 7074:Constant air volume 7044:Autonomous building 6555:. 29 October 2013. 6553:Washington Examiner 6518:Speck, Jeff (2012) 6382:. Cmhc-schl.gc.ca. 6150:on 22 November 2010 5998:on 21 January 2013. 5668:Building Retro Fits 4332:2015CEHR....2..250A 4278:2014BuEnv..77..148S 4198:2012InAir..22..119F 4125:2013BuRI...41..415N 4059:2013BuEnv..68...66A 3980:2013EneBu..65..185S 3820:2013EneBu..67..517S 3704:2009EneBu..41..897N 3252:2015BuRI...43..302H 3221:ASHRAE Transactions 2457:. 23 February 2015. 2151:. 8 September 2021. 1433:Energy conservation 1378:Washington Examiner 1267:In San Francisco's 1240:In September 2012, 1222:San Francisco 49ers 860:high-rise buildings 853:mechanical strength 271:In April 1993, the 145:improve the article 8146:Indoor air quality 8090:ASTM International 8027:Hydronic balancing 7804:Wood-burning stove 7683:Radiator reflector 7468:Evaporative cooler 7279:Underfloor heating 7264:Thermal insulation 6694:2014-04-16 at the 6605:2009-02-27 at the 6591:2009-02-27 at the 6035:on 17 October 2013 5965:on 23 January 2013 5791:. 4 October 2019. 5532:on 15 October 2007 4671:. 24 August 2015. 3774:www.energystar.gov 3609:2015-03-15 at the 3503:2014-03-02 at the 2662:Architect Magazine 2633:. 28 August 2013. 2560:. 13 January 2023. 2439:. 16 January 2014. 2344:. 22 October 2019. 2169:. 13 January 2022. 2009:learn.kaiterra.com 1458:Home energy rating 1180: 1157:industrial complex 1137: 1084: 1030:Incentive programs 980:life cycle costing 963: 847:nano-particles in 756:indoor air quality 706: 559:indoor air quality 532:environmental laws 511:Gold: 60–79 points 499: 353: 306:November 1, 2021. 303: 210: 195: 8223: 8222: 8139:Health and safety 7718:Scroll compressor 7673:Process duct work 7428:Convection heater 7423:Condensing boiler 7353:Air-mixing plenum 7249:Solar combisystem 7085:Cross ventilation 6888:Building envelope 6828: 6827: 6625:978-1-59448-882-5 6528:978-0-86547-772-8 6469:Kaiser Permanente 6252:. 20 October 2011 6173:. Inhabitat.com. 5456:. Rochester, NY. 5339:living-future.org 5208:bramptonbrick.com 5184:on 26 August 2012 4926:Detail-online.com 4896:Detail-online.com 4866:Detail-online.com 4836:Detail-online.com 3750:(12): 1386–1390. 3401:. 9 February 2022 3349:. 5 October 2023. 3328:. 2 October 2023. 2316:978-0-13-509388-7 2198:978-0-12-810443-9 1878:978-1-78990-469-7 1800:978-1-5013-1990-7 1520:Explanatory notes 1288:Kaiser Permanente 1234:U.S. Bank Stadium 1230:Minnesota Vikings 1182:Around 2010, the 988:Architecture 2030 845:calcium hydroxide 841:cultural heritage 762:(VOC), lighting, 465:sustainable sites 184: 183: 176: 166: 165: 114: 113: 77: 16:(Redirected from 8273: 8185:Building science 7940:Smart thermostat 7935:Room temperature 7518:Fireplace insert 7224:Radon mitigation 7122:Electric heating 7117:District heating 7112:District cooling 7029:Air conditioning 6855: 6848: 6841: 6832: 6831: 6820:Robert K. Watson 6742: 6735: 6728: 6719: 6718: 6630:Schendler, Auden 6617:Green Metropolis 6569: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6545: 6539: 6538:Owen, pp.221–35. 6536: 6530: 6516: 6507: 6506:Owen, pp.232–33. 6504: 6498: 6495: 6489: 6486: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6461: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6417: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6376: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6350: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6324:"Press Releases" 6320: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6268: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6193: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6149: 6143:. Archived from 6137: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6107: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6081: 6075: 6074: 6072: 6070: 6051: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6040: 6025: 6019: 6018: 6006: 6000: 5999: 5994:. Archived from 5981: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5970: 5961:. Archived from 5951: 5945: 5944: 5926: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5895: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5852: 5845: 5837: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5759: 5753: 5752: 5750: 5748: 5733: 5727: 5726: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5678: 5672: 5671: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5528:. Archived from 5522: 5516: 5515: 5504: 5498: 5497: 5495: 5493: 5487: 5480: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5449: 5443: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5418: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5361: 5355: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5331: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5305: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5279: 5273: 5272: 5261: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5244: 5237: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5200: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5189: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5070: 5057: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5040: 5033: 5024: 5018: 5017: 5005: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4985: 4976: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4960: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4918: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4828: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4721:"Manzara Adalar" 4717: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4691: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4635: 4629: 4628: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4577: 4571: 4570: 4560: 4545:Heritage Science 4536: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4438: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4421: 4406: 4388: 4379: 4370: 4369: 4359: 4311: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4294: 4263: 4254: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4209: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4107: 4094: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4083: 4044: 4035: 4022: 4021: 4019: 4017: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3950: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3932: 3925: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3904: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3886: 3879: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3799: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3766: 3760: 3759: 3739: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3683: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3649: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3559: 3551: 3545: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3534: 3528:. Archived from 3523: 3514: 3508: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3391: 3385: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3339: 3330: 3329: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3281: 3272: 3271: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3201: 3195: 3194: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3161: 3155: 3153: 3147: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3120: 3111: 3110: 3104: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3061:on 27 March 2014 3060: 3054:. Archived from 3049: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3016: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3005: 2986: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2927: 2921: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2843: 2832: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2812: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2601: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2550: 2544: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2530:. Archived from 2524: 2518: 2517: 2511: 2502: 2496: 2495: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2447: 2441: 2440: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2378: 2370: 2364: 2363: 2352: 2346: 2345: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2300: 2291: 2290: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2260: 2251: 2250: 2238: 2225: 2224: 2212: 2203: 2202: 2182: 2171: 2170: 2159: 2153: 2152: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2122: 2116: 2115: 2097: 2091: 2090: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2059: 2053: 2052: 2040: 2031: 2030: 2019: 2013: 2012: 2000: 1994: 1993: 1981: 1975: 1974: 1962: 1949: 1948: 1908: 1902: 1901: 1889: 1883: 1882: 1862: 1851: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1826: 1805: 1804: 1784: 1775: 1774: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1743: 1737: 1736: 1724: 1718: 1717: 1716:. February 2023. 1706: 1693: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1669: 1663: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1636: 1630: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1606: 1600: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1581: 1565: 1558: 1552: 1549: 1543: 1539: 1533: 1530: 1483:Renewable energy 1322:Green Metropolis 1303: 1204:In October 2011 565:LEED v4.1 (2019) 469:water efficiency 417: 375: 374: 365: 364: 315:Robert K. Watson 253:circular economy 202:Washington, D.C. 179: 172: 161: 158: 152: 124: 123: 116: 109: 106: 100: 88: 87: 80: 69: 47: 46: 39: 21: 8281: 8280: 8276: 8275: 8274: 8272: 8271: 8270: 8226: 8225: 8224: 8219: 8180:ASHRAE Handbook 8168: 8152:Passive smoking 8134: 8067: 8061: 7973: 7971: 7965: 7819: 7813: 7794:Whole-house fan 7708:Run-around coil 7703:Reversing valve 7648:Mechanical room 7638:Kerosene heater 7628:Infrared heater 7558:Gasoline heater 7498:Fan filter unit 7413:Condensate pump 7398:Centrifugal fan 7316: 7219:Radiant heating 7214:Radiant cooling 7189:Passive cooling 7184:Microgeneration 7054:Central heating 7002: 6978:Thermal comfort 6870: 6864: 6859: 6829: 6824: 6808: 6772: 6751: 6746: 6696:Wayback Machine 6655: 6650: 6607:Wayback Machine 6593:Wayback Machine 6577: 6575:General sources 6572: 6562: 6560: 6547: 6546: 6542: 6537: 6533: 6517: 6510: 6505: 6501: 6496: 6492: 6487: 6483: 6473: 6471: 6463: 6462: 6455: 6445: 6443: 6430: 6429: 6425: 6415: 6413: 6404: 6403: 6399: 6389: 6387: 6378: 6377: 6373: 6363: 6361: 6352: 6351: 6347: 6337: 6335: 6328:www.siemens.com 6322: 6321: 6317: 6307: 6305: 6296: 6295: 6291: 6281: 6279: 6270: 6269: 6265: 6255: 6253: 6244: 6243: 6239: 6229: 6227: 6212: 6208: 6195: 6194: 6190: 6180: 6178: 6167: 6163: 6153: 6151: 6147: 6139: 6138: 6134: 6124: 6122: 6109: 6108: 6104: 6094: 6092: 6083: 6082: 6078: 6068: 6066: 6053: 6052: 6048: 6038: 6036: 6027: 6026: 6022: 6007: 6003: 5982: 5978: 5968: 5966: 5953: 5952: 5948: 5927: 5923: 5913: 5911: 5896: 5892: 5882: 5880: 5871: 5870: 5866: 5856: 5854: 5850: 5843: 5839: 5838: 5834: 5824: 5822: 5813: 5812: 5808: 5798: 5796: 5787: 5786: 5782: 5772: 5770: 5761: 5760: 5756: 5746: 5744: 5735: 5734: 5730: 5717: 5716: 5712: 5697: 5693: 5679: 5675: 5664: 5660: 5650: 5648: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5624: 5622: 5611: 5607: 5597: 5595: 5586: 5585: 5581: 5567: 5563: 5550: 5549: 5545: 5535: 5533: 5524: 5523: 5519: 5506: 5505: 5501: 5491: 5489: 5485: 5478: 5474: 5473: 5469: 5450: 5446: 5436: 5434: 5419: 5415: 5405: 5403: 5388: 5384: 5374: 5372: 5363: 5362: 5358: 5348: 5346: 5333: 5332: 5328: 5318: 5316: 5307: 5306: 5302: 5292: 5290: 5289:on 1 April 2013 5281: 5280: 5276: 5263: 5262: 5258: 5248: 5246: 5242: 5235: 5226: 5222: 5212: 5210: 5202: 5201: 5197: 5187: 5185: 5176: 5175: 5171: 5161: 5159: 5150: 5149: 5145: 5135: 5133: 5124: 5123: 5119: 5109: 5107: 5092: 5088: 5078: 5076: 5064: 5058: 5054: 5044: 5042: 5041:on 24 July 2011 5038: 5031: 5025: 5021: 5006: 5002: 4994: 4983: 4977: 4973: 4965: 4958: 4949: 4945: 4935: 4933: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4905: 4903: 4890: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4860: 4859: 4855: 4845: 4843: 4830: 4829: 4825: 4815: 4813: 4800: 4799: 4795: 4785: 4783: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4759: 4757: 4744: 4743: 4739: 4729: 4727: 4719: 4718: 4714: 4704: 4702: 4693: 4692: 4688: 4678: 4676: 4667: 4666: 4662: 4652: 4650: 4637: 4636: 4632: 4623: 4622: 4618: 4608: 4606: 4593: 4592: 4588: 4579: 4578: 4574: 4537: 4533: 4523: 4521: 4513: 4512: 4508: 4469: 4465: 4455: 4453: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4386: 4380: 4373: 4312: 4308: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4261: 4255: 4251: 4241: 4239: 4178: 4174: 4164: 4162: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4108: 4097: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4042: 4036: 4025: 4015: 4013: 4000: 3999: 3995: 3964: 3960: 3944: 3943: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3923: 3921:"Archived copy" 3919: 3918: 3914: 3898: 3897: 3890: 3888: 3884: 3877: 3875:"Archived copy" 3873: 3872: 3868: 3858: 3856: 3841: 3837: 3800: 3793: 3783: 3781: 3768: 3767: 3763: 3740: 3731: 3721: 3719: 3684: 3671: 3661: 3659: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3636: 3634: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3614: 3611:Wayback Machine 3602: 3598: 3588: 3586: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3564: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3548: 3538: 3536: 3535:on 26 June 2013 3532: 3521: 3515: 3511: 3505:Wayback Machine 3495: 3491: 3481: 3479: 3473:"Certification" 3471: 3470: 3466: 3456: 3454: 3444: 3440: 3430: 3428: 3418: 3414: 3404: 3402: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3358: 3354: 3341: 3340: 3333: 3326:Inside Lighting 3320: 3319: 3315: 3308:Facilities Dive 3300: 3296: 3283: 3282: 3275: 3236: 3232: 3217: 3213: 3202: 3198: 3189: 3188: 3184: 3174: 3172: 3163: 3162: 3158: 3141: 3140: 3133: 3131: 3124:"Archived copy" 3122: 3121: 3114: 3098: 3097: 3090: 3088: 3081:"Archived copy" 3079: 3078: 3074: 3064: 3062: 3058: 3047: 3043: 3042: 3038: 3028: 3026: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3003: 3001: 2988: 2987: 2980: 2970: 2968: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2944: 2942: 2929: 2928: 2924: 2914: 2912: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2884: 2882: 2844: 2835: 2825: 2823: 2813: 2806: 2796: 2794: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2751: 2750: 2746: 2736: 2734: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2706: 2702: 2692: 2690: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2654: 2650: 2640: 2638: 2625: 2624: 2620: 2610: 2608: 2603: 2602: 2595: 2585: 2583: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2552: 2551: 2547: 2537: 2535: 2534:on 24 July 2015 2526: 2525: 2521: 2509: 2503: 2499: 2484: 2480: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2449: 2448: 2444: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2411: 2407: 2392: 2388: 2376: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2356:"Gerard Heiber" 2354: 2353: 2349: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2301: 2294: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2261: 2254: 2239: 2228: 2213: 2206: 2199: 2183: 2174: 2161: 2160: 2156: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2123: 2119: 2098: 2094: 2079: 2075: 2060: 2056: 2041: 2034: 2021: 2020: 2016: 2001: 1997: 1982: 1978: 1971:Facilities Dive 1963: 1952: 1909: 1905: 1890: 1886: 1879: 1863: 1854: 1844: 1842: 1827: 1808: 1801: 1785: 1778: 1763: 1759: 1744: 1740: 1725: 1721: 1708: 1707: 1696: 1686: 1684: 1671: 1670: 1666: 1656: 1654: 1637: 1633: 1623: 1621: 1608: 1607: 1603: 1593: 1591: 1583: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1568: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1540: 1536: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1393: 1375:. In 2013, The 1313:Auden Schendler 1309: 1298: 1122:net-zero energy 1076: 1032: 952: 943: 934: 913: 829: 764:thermal comfort 758:, the level of 748: 727:energy modeling 691: 678: 665: 648: 629: 601: 575: 567: 551: 436: 411: 372: 370: 362: 360: 299:Massillon, Ohio 295:Shearer's Foods 281:David Gottfried 269: 229:green buildings 206:U.S. East Coast 180: 169: 168: 167: 162: 156: 153: 142: 125: 121: 110: 104: 101: 98: 89: 85: 48: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8279: 8269: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8221: 8220: 8218: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8176: 8174: 8170: 8169: 8167: 8166: 8160: 8154: 8149: 8142: 8140: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8071: 8069: 8063: 8062: 8060: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7977: 7975: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7930:Psychrometrics 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7906: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7827:Air flow meter 7823: 7821: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7603:Heating system 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7583:Heat exchanger 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7548:Gas compressor 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7483:Expansion tank 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7403:Ceramic heater 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7324: 7322: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7298: 7292: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7244:Solar air heat 7241: 7236: 7234:Renewable heat 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7150: 7145: 7143:Forced-air gas 7140: 7135: 7130: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7098: 7093: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7010: 7008: 7004: 7003: 7001: 7000: 6995: 6993:Thermodynamics 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6963:Psychrometrics 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6918:Gas compressor 6915: 6913:Fluid dynamics 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6874: 6872: 6866: 6865: 6858: 6857: 6850: 6843: 6835: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6822: 6816: 6814: 6810: 6809: 6807: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6770: 6765: 6759: 6757: 6753: 6752: 6745: 6744: 6737: 6730: 6722: 6716: 6715: 6710: 6709: 6708: 6686: 6685: 6684: 6678: 6672: 6654: 6653:External links 6651: 6649: 6648: 6641: 6627: 6610: 6596: 6582: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6570: 6540: 6531: 6508: 6499: 6490: 6481: 6453: 6423: 6397: 6371: 6345: 6315: 6289: 6263: 6237: 6206: 6197:"Willis Tower" 6188: 6161: 6132: 6102: 6076: 6046: 6020: 6001: 5976: 5946: 5921: 5890: 5864: 5832: 5806: 5780: 5754: 5728: 5710: 5691: 5673: 5658: 5632: 5605: 5579: 5561: 5543: 5517: 5499: 5467: 5444: 5413: 5382: 5356: 5326: 5300: 5274: 5256: 5220: 5195: 5169: 5143: 5117: 5100:New York Times 5086: 5052: 5019: 5000: 4971: 4943: 4913: 4883: 4853: 4823: 4793: 4767: 4737: 4712: 4686: 4660: 4630: 4616: 4586: 4572: 4531: 4506: 4463: 4433: 4397:(3): 255–274. 4371: 4326:(3): 250–258. 4306: 4249: 4192:(2): 119–131. 4172: 4146: 4119:(4): 415–434. 4095: 4023: 3993: 3958: 3912: 3866: 3835: 3791: 3761: 3729: 3698:(8): 897–905. 3669: 3644: 3618: 3596: 3570: 3546: 3509: 3489: 3464: 3438: 3412: 3386: 3372: 3352: 3331: 3313: 3294: 3273: 3246:(3): 302–315. 3230: 3211: 3196: 3182: 3156: 3112: 3072: 3036: 3011: 2978: 2952: 2922: 2892: 2858:(1): 173–196. 2833: 2804: 2774: 2744: 2719: 2700: 2674: 2648: 2618: 2593: 2563: 2545: 2519: 2497: 2478: 2460: 2442: 2424: 2405: 2386: 2365: 2347: 2329: 2315: 2292: 2274: 2252: 2226: 2204: 2197: 2172: 2154: 2136: 2117: 2107:IndeOnline.com 2092: 2073: 2054: 2032: 2014: 1995: 1976: 1950: 1923:(1): 493–514. 1903: 1884: 1877: 1852: 1806: 1799: 1776: 1757: 1738: 1719: 1694: 1664: 1631: 1601: 1589:leed.usgbc.org 1575: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1553: 1544: 1534: 1524: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1357:Lenexa, Kansas 1320:, in his book 1308: 1305: 1226:Levi's Stadium 1206:Apogee Stadium 1075: 1072: 1031: 1028: 951: 948: 942: 939: 933: 930: 912: 909: 880:, designed by 862:, such as the 828: 825: 781:visual privacy 747: 744: 690: 687: 677: 674: 664: 661: 647: 644: 628: 625: 600: 597: 593: 592: 589: 586: 574: 571: 566: 563: 550: 549:LEED v4 (2014) 547: 516: 515: 512: 509: 506: 495:Shanghai Tower 457: 456: 453: 450: 447: 444: 435: 434:LEED v3 (2009) 432: 410: 409:Rating systems 407: 268: 265: 191:Shanghai Tower 182: 181: 164: 163: 128: 126: 119: 112: 111: 92: 90: 83: 78: 52: 51: 49: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8278: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8233: 8231: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8177: 8175: 8171: 8164: 8161: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8147: 8144: 8143: 8141: 8137: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8068:organizations 8064: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8012:Duct cleaning 8010: 8008: 8005: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7978: 7976: 7968: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7910: 7907: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7863:Control valve 7861: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7824: 7822: 7816: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7783:Turning vanes 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7758:Thermal wheel 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7723:Solar chimney 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7493:Fan coil unit 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7438:Cooling tower 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7319: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7302: 7299: 7296: 7293: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7284:Vapor barrier 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7259:Solar heating 7257: 7255: 7254:Solar cooling 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7229:Refrigeration 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7199:Passive house 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7128: 7125: 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Urban Land. 5669: 5662: 5646: 5642: 5636: 5620: 5616: 5609: 5593: 5589: 5583: 5576: 5572: 5565: 5557: 5553: 5547: 5531: 5527: 5521: 5513: 5509: 5503: 5484: 5477: 5471: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5448: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5417: 5401: 5397: 5396:wheatland.com 5393: 5386: 5370: 5367:. usgbc.org. 5366: 5360: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5330: 5314: 5310: 5304: 5288: 5284: 5278: 5270: 5266: 5260: 5241: 5234: 5230: 5224: 5209: 5205: 5199: 5183: 5179: 5173: 5157: 5154:. USGBC.org. 5153: 5147: 5131: 5127: 5121: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5090: 5074: 5068: 5063: 5056: 5037: 5030: 5023: 5015: 5011: 5004: 4993: 4989: 4982: 4975: 4964: 4957: 4953: 4947: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4917: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4857: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4827: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4797: 4781: 4777: 4771: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4741: 4726: 4722: 4716: 4700: 4696: 4690: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4634: 4626: 4620: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4582: 4576: 4568: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4535: 4520: 4516: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4467: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4437: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4385: 4378: 4376: 4367: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4310: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4260: 4253: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4176: 4160: 4156: 4150: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4041: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3997: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3962: 3954: 3948: 3929: 3922: 3916: 3908: 3902: 3883: 3876: 3870: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3839: 3830: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3798: 3796: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3765: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3658: 3654: 3648: 3632: 3629:. Usgbc.org. 3628: 3622: 3612: 3608: 3605: 3600: 3584: 3581:. 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