31:
200:
185:). He remained the principal shareholder and manager of these banks until their collapse in the 1900s. The group also included insurance and trading companies. The assets of his top-level holding companies were valued at 40 million roubles, mostly in the stock of his own enterprises.
192:. His business rarely ventured into the textiles, metalworking, and real estate that were the fields of traditional Moscow bankers. However, the Jewish sources point at the rivalry between Polyakov and ethnic Russian bankers represented by the mayor of Moscow
254:). The three banks declared 25 million roubles in assets of which 17.5 million were written off as bad debt. United Bank was chaired by an ethnic Russian appointed by the government, while Polyakov's son Alexander retained a seat on the board of directors.
227:
Polyakov's continuing practice of relying on the inflated value of his own stock used as collateral contributed to his own downfall. It started with Yakov
Polyakov's bank problems in 1898. Then in 1901 Yakov's
232:
collapsed beyond recovery. The recession of the 1900s brought the stock prices down. Polyakov defaulted on his loans and his banks folded one by one. The
Ministry of Finance, fearing a
130:– died 1914) was a Russian entrepreneur. Polyakov founded his first bank in 1872 and by the 1890s owned an influential financial group; he was informally named "
495:
212:
520:
374:
324:
147:
106:
162:
version of "Polyak", which means Pole. Lazar remained in the shadow of his better-known brother and employer Samuel until 1872, when he founded
525:
257:
In the end, Lazar's own finances were ruined to the extent that his own sons refused to take up his debt-ridden estate upon his death.
500:
239:, initially supported Polyakov's banks. However, as the crisis developed the banker himself became an obstacle to restructuring.
505:
295:
345:
510:
276:. Our poorer brethren, blessing themselves on their wedding days, say 'Let God make you equal to Polyakov'".
260:
Lazar
Polyakov remained the leader of Moscow Jewish community for 35 years, and has been the main sponsor of
155:
242:
In 1909 the
Ministry of Finance took over the last three surviving banks and consolidated them into a new
30:
408:
515:
490:
383:
261:
216:
367:
317:
264:. Before its completion in 1906, Polyakov allowed the congregation to pray in his own house.
134:
of Moscow". His business collapsed in the early 1900s and was completely disbanded by 1909.
485:
480:
188:
Polyakov created wealth through stock-exchange deals and trading in
Southern Russian step
8:
355:
305:
273:
341:
291:
193:
131:
404:
247:
174:
119:
143:
101:
208:
169:
In the 1870s and 1880s
Polyakov founded five more commercial banks (in Moscow,
75:
196:. This competition allegedly influenced the deportation of Jews of 1891–1892.
474:
233:
159:
199:
331:
285:
151:
127:
51:
405:"The Brothers Polyakov: From the Shtetls of Poland to Russian Nobility"
182:
236:
211:
street, erected in 1897–1898. Polyakov instructed the architect,
290:. Woodrow Wilson Center Press, Johns Hopkins University Press.
269:
178:
265:
189:
170:
55:
334:
Predprinimatelstvo i gorodskaya kultura v Rossii 1861-1914 (
154:. His family was Jewish. Lazar's grandfather had moved from
220:
386:. The Jewish publication society of America, Philadelphia.
272:, that "his name is retold in fairytales across the
336:Предпринимательство и городская культура в России
150:, were born into the family of a small trader in
472:
142:Lazar and his brothers, future railroad magnate
332:Brumfield, Anan'ich, Petrov (editors) (2001).
286:Brumfield, Anan'ich, Petrov (editors) (2002).
384:"History of Jews in Poland and Russia, vol.2"
381:
288:Commerce in Russian Urban Culture, 1861-1914
35:Portrait of Polyakov by K. Makovskiy in 1882
496:Belarusian people of Polish-Jewish descent
29:
373:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
323:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
198:
521:Russian people of Polish-Jewish descent
473:
461:
459:
431:
429:
427:
425:
340:(in Russian). Tri Kvadrata, Moscow.
13:
456:
422:
181:) and two mortgage banks (Moscow,
14:
537:
526:Privy Councillor (Russian Empire)
501:Bankers from the Russian Empire
447:
438:
397:
1:
279:
124:Ла́зарь Соломо́нович Поляко́в
506:Jews from the Russian Empire
137:
45:Leyzer Solomonovich Polyakov
7:
116:Lazar Solomonovich Polyakov
16:Russian-Jewish entrepreneur
10:
542:
409:National Library of Israel
268:Mase said in the funeral
251:
205:International Moscow Bank
158:in 1783. "Polyakov" is a
123:
97:
89:
81:
71:
63:
40:
28:
21:
391:
262:Moscow Choral Synagogue
382:Dubnow, S. M. (1918).
224:
202:
511:People from Dubrowna
453:Brumfield, 2001:211
230:Peterburg-Azov Bank
164:L. S. Polyakov Bank
366:has generic name (
316:has generic name (
274:pale of settlement
225:
215:, to recreate the
93:Banker, speculator
465:Brumfield 2001:74
435:Brumfield 2001:73
297:978-0-8018-6750-7
194:Nikolay Alekseyev
113:
112:
82:Years active
533:
466:
463:
454:
451:
445:
442:
436:
433:
420:
419:
417:
416:
401:
387:
378:
371:
365:
361:
359:
351:
328:
321:
315:
311:
309:
301:
253:
252:Соединённый Банк
217:San Spirito Bank
213:Semyon Eybushitz
175:Saint Petersburg
125:
33:
19:
18:
541:
540:
536:
535:
534:
532:
531:
530:
516:Polyakov family
491:Belarusian Jews
471:
470:
469:
464:
457:
452:
448:
444:Dubnow, ch.XXIX
443:
439:
434:
423:
414:
412:
411:. 9 August 2018
403:
402:
398:
394:
372:
363:
362:
353:
352:
348:
322:
313:
312:
303:
302:
298:
282:
144:Samuel Polyakov
140:
126:, born 1843 in
105:
102:Samuel Polyakov
59:
49:
47:
46:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
539:
529:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
468:
467:
455:
446:
437:
421:
395:
393:
390:
389:
388:
379:
346:
329:
296:
281:
278:
209:Kuznetsky Most
148:Yakov Polyakov
139:
136:
111:
110:
107:Yakov Polyakov
99:
95:
94:
91:
90:Known for
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
76:Russian Empire
73:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
50:
44:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
23:Lazar Polyakov
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
538:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
478:
476:
462:
460:
450:
441:
432:
430:
428:
426:
410:
406:
400:
396:
385:
380:
376:
369:
364:|author=
357:
349:
347:94-6070-110-8
343:
339:
335:
330:
326:
319:
314:|author=
307:
299:
293:
289:
284:
283:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
258:
255:
249:
245:
240:
238:
235:
234:domino effect
231:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
197:
195:
191:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
135:
133:
129:
121:
117:
108:
103:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
57:
53:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
449:
440:
413:. Retrieved
399:
337:
333:
287:
259:
256:
243:
241:
229:
226:
207:building in
204:
187:
168:
163:
141:
115:
114:
486:1914 deaths
481:1843 births
244:United Bank
203:Polyakov's
166:in Moscow.
160:Russianized
146:and banker
72:Citizenship
475:Categories
415:2020-02-02
280:References
132:Rothschild
104:(brother),
356:cite book
306:cite book
183:Yaroslavl
138:Biography
109:(brother)
98:Relatives
85:1872–1909
237:bank run
152:Dubroŭna
128:Dubroŭna
58:district
52:Dubroŭna
248:Russian
120:Russian
344:
294:
270:eulogy
179:Odessa
156:Poland
392:Notes
266:Rebbe
190:wheat
171:Oryol
56:Orsha
375:link
368:help
342:ISBN
325:link
318:help
292:ISBN
221:Rome
177:and
67:1914
64:Died
48:1843
41:Born
219:in
477::
458:^
424:^
407:.
360::
358:}}
354:{{
310::
308:}}
304:{{
250::
173:,
122::
54:,
418:.
377:)
370:)
350:.
338:)
327:)
320:)
300:.
246:(
223:.
118:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
