310:
146:
348:
168:
418:. The Mediterranean widow primarily lives in steppes and other grasslands, and can be a significant problem in areas where grain is harvested by hand. The female of the species has a body length of about 7–15 mm (0.28–0.59 in), while the male is smaller and reaches 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) at best. Only the female spider's bite is dangerous (either for humans or cattle) as the male cannot penetrate the relatively thick epidermis.
36:
440:
has a painful bite that is fatal in rare cases. They are not in close association with humans generally, although epidemics of bites have been reported. There are many reports of
Ukrainian farm workers receiving bites while working in the fields. The
483:
I have seen her settle in the furrows, lay out her web and rush boldly at insects larger than herself; I have admired her garb of black velvet speckled with carmine-red; above all, I have heard most disquieting stories told about her. Around
560:
Christie, A.E.; Chi, M. (2015). "Neuropeptide discovery in the
Araneae (Arthropoda, Chelicerata, Arachnida): Elucidation of true spider peptidomes using that of the Western black widow as a reference".
414:
for "with thirteen spots"). These spots are usually red in colour, but may also be yellow or orange. It is otherwise similar to other species in the genus
410:
is black in color, similar to most other widow species, and is identified by the thirteen spots which are found on its dorsal abdomen (the species name is
1038:
1064:
53:
492:, her bite is reputed very dangerous, sometimes mortal. The countryman declares this for a fact and the doctor does not always dare deny it.
100:
72:
79:
1012:
1051:
889:
449:
venom has been measured as 0.59 mg/kg, and separately again as 0.59 mg/kg (with a confidence interval of 0.33–1.06).
86:
1056:
1151:
68:
1146:
973:
830:
119:
991:
835:
1069:
1004:
776:
794:"A crustacean-specific neurotoxin from the venom of the black widow spider Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus"
385:
to southwest and central Asia, hence the name. Specimens from central Asia are also known by the binomial name
57:
509:
93:
921:
1108:
926:
167:
1136:
389:; that name, however, is now considered improper, though it is still commonly found in the literature.
309:
903:
1141:
299:
24:
489:
46:
825:
1043:
851:
840:
282:
1095:
759:
598:"Transient Reverse Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following a Spider Bite in Greece A Case Report"
1131:
1103:
947:
898:
8:
395:
662:
622:
597:
325:
162:
145:
1090:
934:
805:
741:
737:
702:
627:
578:
378:
347:
939:
831:
https://archive.today/20121220052505/http://www.srv.net/~dkv/hobospider/widows.html
733:
694:
658:
617:
609:
570:
468:
1077:
613:
574:
999:
986:
596:
Alexakis, L.-C.; Arapi, S.; Stefanou, I.; Gargalianos, P.; Astriti, M. (2016).
460:(literally "black bug") – there are reports of this species biting and killing
698:
1125:
978:
874:
239:
793:
745:
631:
582:
427:
1082:
809:
706:
1025:
883:
373:
259:
249:
209:
792:
Krasnoperov, V. G.; Shamotienko, O. G.; Grishin, E. V. (November 1990).
675:
Bettini, S. (1964). Epidemiology of latrodectism. Toxicon, 2(2), 93–102.
1017:
531:
497:
465:
453:
1030:
960:
199:
179:
913:
845:
35:
965:
868:
219:
720:
McCrone, J.D. (December 1964). "Comparative lethality of several
645:
Levy, G.; Amitai, P. (1983). "Revision of the Widow-spider genus
505:
485:
472:
952:
595:
382:
229:
189:
791:
461:
442:
411:
841:
http://naturdata.com/Latrodectus-tredecimguttatus-13272.htm
377:
of the widow spiders. It is commonly found throughout the
836:
781:(transl. A.T. de Mattos), Ch.1, p.40 (New York 1917).
685:Rauber, Albert (1983). "Black Widow Spider Bites".
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
19:"Karakurt" redirects here. For the 2015 episode of
1123:
496:One crustacean-specific and two insect-specific
471:wrote of the spider's fearsome reputation in
526:
524:
559:
644:
393:was previously considered a subspecies of
308:
144:
621:
521:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
346:
719:
1124:
684:
850:
849:
563:General and Comparative Endocrinology
1005:d9644b59-de32-4f12-95f3-bdfeffaa54db
770:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
649:(Araneae: Theridiidae) in Israel".
13:
663:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb01720.x
14:
1163:
819:
638:
589:
553:
1109:urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007826
166:
34:
785:
510:angiotensin-1-converting enzyme
456:– where it has the common name
45:needs additional citations for
760:"Spiders plague Kazakh camels"
752:
713:
678:
669:
402:
69:"Latrodectus tredecimguttatus"
1:
542:. Natural History Museum Bern
515:
904:Latrodectus_tredecimguttatus
890:Latrodectus tredecimguttatus
860:Latrodectus tredecimguttatus
738:10.1016/0041-0101(64)90023-6
534:Latrodectus tredecimguttatus
391:Latrodectus tredecimguttatus
371:, is a species in the genus
360:Latrodectus tredecimguttatus
292:Latrodectus tredecimguttatus
138:Latrodectus tredecimguttatus
7:
614:10.1097/MD.0000000000000457
575:10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.02.003
475:, where it is known as the
421:
10:
1168:
1152:Taxa named by Pietro Rossi
425:
18:
1147:Spiders described in 1790
858:
699:10.3109/15563658308990435
500:have been recovered from
365:Mediterranean black widow
331:
324:
316:
307:
288:
281:
163:Scientific classification
161:
152:
143:
136:
826:The World Spider Catalog
381:, ranging from southern
274:L. tredecimguttatus
25:Karakurt (The Blacklist)
335:Aranea tredecimguttatus
779:The Life of the Spider
494:
355:
481:
350:
1000:Fauna Europaea (new)
540:World Spider Catalog
387:Latrodectus lugubris
379:Mediterranean region
369:European black widow
363:, also known as the
157:, swollen with eggs
54:improve this article
777:Fabre, Jean Henri,
687:Clinical Toxicology
502:L. tredecimguttatus
447:L. tredecimguttatus
438:L. tredecimguttatus
408:L. tredecimguttatus
396:Latrodectus mactans
353:L. tredecimguttatus
319:L. tredecimguttatus
155:L. tredecimguttatus
356:
1137:Spiders of Europe
1119:
1118:
1091:Open Tree of Life
852:Taxon identifiers
345:
344:
339:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:Species of spider
1159:
1112:
1111:
1099:
1098:
1086:
1085:
1073:
1072:
1060:
1059:
1047:
1046:
1034:
1033:
1021:
1020:
1008:
1007:
995:
994:
982:
981:
969:
968:
956:
955:
943:
942:
930:
929:
917:
916:
907:
906:
894:
893:
892:
879:
878:
877:
847:
846:
814:
813:
789:
783:
774:
768:
767:
756:
750:
749:
717:
711:
710:
693:(4–5): 473–485.
682:
676:
673:
667:
666:
642:
636:
635:
625:
593:
587:
586:
557:
551:
550:
548:
547:
528:
504:, as have small
469:Jean Henri Fabre
337:
312:
294:
171:
170:
148:
134:
133:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1142:Spiders of Asia
1122:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1094:
1089:
1081:
1078:Observation.org
1076:
1068:
1063:
1055:
1050:
1042:
1037:
1029:
1024:
1016:
1011:
1003:
998:
990:
985:
977:
972:
964:
959:
951:
946:
938:
933:
925:
920:
912:
910:
902:
897:
888:
887:
882:
873:
872:
867:
854:
822:
817:
790:
786:
775:
771:
758:
757:
753:
718:
714:
683:
679:
674:
670:
643:
639:
594:
590:
558:
554:
545:
543:
532:"Taxon details
530:
529:
522:
518:
430:
424:
405:
303:
296:
290:
277:
165:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1165:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1100:
1087:
1074:
1061:
1048:
1035:
1022:
1009:
996:
987:Fauna Europaea
983:
970:
957:
944:
931:
918:
908:
895:
880:
864:
862:
856:
855:
844:
843:
838:
833:
828:
821:
820:External links
818:
816:
815:
804:(11): 1567–9.
784:
769:
766:. 2 July 2004.
751:
732:(3): 201–203.
712:
677:
668:
637:
588:
552:
536:(Rossi, 1790)"
519:
517:
514:
426:Main article:
423:
420:
404:
401:
343:
342:
341:
340:
329:
328:
322:
321:
314:
313:
305:
304:
297:
286:
285:
279:
278:
271:
269:
265:
264:
257:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
237:
233:
232:
227:
223:
222:
217:
213:
212:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
159:
158:
150:
149:
141:
140:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1164:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
984:
980:
975:
971:
967:
962:
958:
954:
949:
945:
941:
936:
932:
928:
923:
919:
915:
909:
905:
900:
896:
891:
885:
881:
876:
870:
866:
865:
863:
861:
857:
853:
848:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
788:
782:
780:
773:
765:
761:
755:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
716:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
681:
672:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
641:
633:
629:
624:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
592:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
556:
541:
537:
535:
527:
525:
520:
513:
511:
508:that inhibit
507:
503:
499:
493:
491:
487:
480:
478:
474:
470:
467:
464:. Pioneering
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
439:
435:
429:
419:
417:
413:
409:
400:
398:
397:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:
370:
366:
362:
361:
354:
349:
336:
333:
332:
330:
327:
323:
320:
315:
311:
306:
301:
295:
293:
287:
284:
283:Binomial name
280:
276:
275:
270:
267:
266:
263:
262:
258:
255:
254:
251:
248:
245:
244:
241:
240:Araneomorphae
238:
235:
234:
231:
228:
225:
224:
221:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
169:
164:
160:
156:
151:
147:
142:
139:
135:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
21:The Blacklist
859:
801:
797:
787:
778:
772:
763:
754:
729:
725:
721:
715:
690:
686:
680:
671:
654:
650:
646:
640:
605:
601:
591:
566:
562:
555:
544:. Retrieved
539:
533:
501:
495:
482:
476:
466:entomologist
457:
451:
446:
437:
433:
431:
428:Latrodectism
415:
407:
406:
394:
390:
386:
372:
368:
364:
359:
358:
357:
352:
334:
318:
291:
289:
273:
272:
260:
236:Infraorder:
154:
137:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
20:
1132:Latrodectus
1026:iNaturalist
884:Wikispecies
798:Bioorg Khim
722:Latrodectus
647:Latrodectus
608:(5): e457.
498:neurotoxins
477:malmignatte
434:Latrodectus
416:Latrodectus
403:Description
374:Latrodectus
338:Rossi, 1790
261:Latrodectus
250:Theridiidae
210:Chelicerata
206:Subphylum:
110:August 2015
1126:Categories
569:: 90–109.
546:2016-01-28
516:References
454:Kazakhstan
200:Arthropoda
80:newspapers
911:Araneae:
724:venoms".
657:: 39–63.
490:Bonifacio
436:species,
432:Like all
317:Range of
268:Species:
220:Arachnida
186:Kingdom:
180:Eukaryota
1044:10536312
869:Wikidata
764:BBC News
746:14298228
651:Medicine
632:25654384
602:Medicine
583:25687740
506:peptides
458:karakurt
422:Toxicity
326:Synonyms
246:Family:
196:Phylum:
190:Animalia
176:Domain:
1018:2157921
953:1187528
875:Q756200
810:2096828
726:Toxicon
707:6381753
623:4602706
486:Ajaccio
473:Corsica
367:or the
302:, 1790)
256:Genus:
230:Araneae
226:Order:
216:Class:
153:Female
94:scholar
1096:673735
1083:564347
1057:859148
1031:151791
992:353292
979:227896
966:LATRTL
808:
744:
705:
630:
620:
581:
462:camels
383:Iberia
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
23:, see
1039:IRMNG
974:EUNIS
940:3SLX7
927:27903
443:LD-50
412:Latin
351:Male
300:Rossi
101:JSTOR
87:books
1070:6925
1065:NCBI
1052:ITIS
1013:GBIF
961:EPPO
922:BOLD
914:2138
806:PMID
742:PMID
703:PMID
628:PMID
579:PMID
488:and
73:news
1104:WSC
948:EoL
935:CoL
899:ADW
734:doi
695:doi
659:doi
618:PMC
610:doi
571:doi
567:213
452:In
445:of
56:by
1128::
1106::
1093::
1080::
1067::
1054::
1041::
1028::
1015::
1002::
989::
976::
963::
950::
937::
924::
901::
886::
871::
802:16
800:.
796:.
762:.
740:.
728:.
701:.
691:21
689:.
655:77
653:.
626:.
616:.
606:94
604:.
600:.
577:.
565:.
538:.
523:^
512:.
399:.
812:.
748:.
736::
730:2
709:.
697::
665:.
661::
634:.
612::
585:.
573::
549:.
479::
298:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
