201:
292:
266:
453:
438:
42:
99:
192:"Round ups, or lapankas, the Polish name they were known under, became an essential feature of life in Warsaw and precipitated much wider ferocity on both sides. (...) Whole streets were sealed off by police and soldiers and most trapped men and women were carted off to concentration camps or sent as slave labour to the Reich. Tram and trainloads of people, regardless of work documents, were herded like cattle into trucks, many never to see home or family again." -
161:
397:
488:
killed 361 gendarmes in 1943, and 584 in 1944. In Warsaw alone, ten Nazis were killed daily. From August to
December 1942, the AK launched 87 attacks on the Nazi administration and members of the apparatus of terror. In 1943 this number rose radically − the AK carried out 514 attacks during the first
419:
camp set up at about that time for Polish prisoners. There, he gathered first-hand intelligence on the camp, and organised inmate resistance. Pilecki deliberately went out into the street during a Warsaw roundup on 19 September 1940, and was arrested by the Nazis along with other civilians. Auschwitz
282:
claimed at least 400 victims every day, with numbers reaching several thousand on some days. On 19 September 1942, nearly 3,000 men and women, who had been caught in massive round-ups all over Warsaw during the previous two days, were transported by train-loads to slave labour in Nazi-Germany.
253:
The term was also used for describing the tactic of cordoning-off of streets, and the systematic searching of buildings. For men in their 20s and 30s, the only reliable defense against being taken away by the Nazis was the possession of an identity card (called
471:
carried out attacks on Nazi forces and prepared lists of Nazi leaders to be eliminated for their crimes against civilians. Nazi personnel responsible for organizing roundups, such as members of local unemployment offices, the SS, SD, and
258:) certifying that the holder was employed by a Nazi-German company or a government agency locally (for example, by the city utilities or the railways). Thus, many of those who were taken from cafes and restaurants in
133:
rounded up civilians on the streets of Polish cities. The civilians arrested were in most cases chosen at random from among passers-by or inhabitants of city quarters surrounded by German forces prior to the action.
100:
552:(Home Army). The song was also reproduced in several books and records after the Nazi occupation ended. In 1946 the song was featured in the first Polish movie created after the war,
231:
434:, the Military Organization Association), and in November 1940 sent its first report about the camp and the genocide being committed there to Home Army headquarters in Warsaw.
513:
Eugen
Bollodino - worked at the unemployment office and organised roundups of Poles to be sent to Nazi labor camps. Executed by combat patrol unit DB-17 on 8 June 1944.
938:
943:
581:
576:
145:
586:
148:, but some were also taken as hostages or executed in reprisal actions; imprisoned and sent to concentration camps or summarily executed in numerous
200:
501:
Kurt
Hoffman - chief of the unemployment office in Warsaw responsible for organising roundups of Poles. Executed by the AK on 9 April 1943.
247:
510:
Willi Lübbert - worked at the unemployment office and organised roundups of Poles to be sent to Nazi labor camps. Executed on 1 July 1944.
783:
468:
948:
227:
707:
591:
205:
481:
291:
265:
963:
933:
910:
889:
872:
834:
779:
759:
739:
731:
958:
348:
context for Muslim raids particularly to plunder and capture slaves from
Western and Central Africa, also known as
452:
426:
137:
The term usually refers to the action of rounding up and arresting a number of random people. Those caught in a
677:
884:
Richard C. Lukas "Forgotten
Holocaust - The Poles Under German Occupation 1939-1944" Hippocrene Books 1997
850:
647:
622:
141:
were either taken hostage, arrested, sent to labor camps or concentration camps, or summarily executed.
697:
522:
Criticism of the Nazi practice of roundups was the theme of the most popular song of occupied Warsaw,
262:
on the night of
December 5, 1940 were subsequently released after their documents had been checked.
437:
638:
Ron
Jeffery, "Red Runs the Vistula", Nevron Associates Publ.,Manurewa, Auckland, New Zealand 1985
610:
Ron
Jeffery, "Red Runs the Vistula", Nevron Associates Publ.,Manurewa, Auckland, New Zealand 1985
239:
17:
571:
490:
67:
63:
8:
953:
368:
vernacular and later became a figurative name for any act of pillage, with its verb form
357:
41:
559:
532:). In 1943 it was published by the Polish resistance's underground presses in the book
381:
881:, "Red Runs the Vistula", Nevron Associates Publ.,Manurewa, Auckland, New Zealand 1985
906:
885:
868:
830:
775:
755:
735:
727:
703:
693:
673:
554:
477:
270:
668:
524:
234:
for adoption by German families. Some − those without proper documents or carrying
149:
794:
Henryk
Witkowski "Kedyw okręgu warszawskiego AK w latach 1943-1944", Warszawa 1984
507:
Fritz Geist - chief of the unemployment office department. Killed on 10 May 1943.
473:
365:
320:
118:
106:
93:
412:
927:
860:
663:
548:
421:
345:
160:
445:
377:
373:
312:
218:
114:
110:
77:
878:
193:
480:
of the Polish
Underground for crimes against Polish citizens during the
51:
441:
385:
278:
According to estimates, in Warsaw alone between 1942 and 1944 the Nazi
243:
235:
185:
920:, Fakty i Dokumenty,(Kedyw of Warsaw area. Facts and documents) 1984.
751:
724:
Fighting Auschwitz: the Resistance Movement in the Concentration Camp
485:
460:
456:
416:
408:
400:
300:
223:
126:
754:, Ochotnik do Auschwitz - Witold Pilecki 1901-1948 , Oświęcim 2000.
538:
177:
380:
Poles in the part of Poland that they occupied following the 1939
216:
Most people who were rounded up were transported to labour camps (
130:
803:
EUGENIUSZ DURACZYŃSKI "WOJNA I OKUPACJA", Wiedza Powszechna 1974
396:
353:
316:
259:
209:
47:
315:
in other occupied countries as well, particularly in northern
918:
Kedyw okręgu Warszawskiego Armii Krajowej w latach 1943- 1944
504:
Hugo Dietz - Hoffmann's assistant. Executed on 13 April 1943.
494:
459:
roundup, 8 September 1939 – Polish civilian being guarded by
340:
331:. In Denmark and the Netherlands, a Nazi roundup was called
484:. Because of the particular brutality of the police, the
328:
493:(Operation Heads), Polish underground combat units from
467:
In retribution for roundups as acts of Nazi terror, the
204:
Victims of roundup, transit camp at Szwoleżerów Street
122:
829:, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, Warszawa, 1994,
772:
History of the Holocaust: A Handbook and Dictionary
582:
German camps in occupied Poland during World War II
577:
Forced labour under German rule during World War II
420:was the main destination for the Poles from beyond
618:
616:
489:four months. In an underground operation known as
587:War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II
327:, applied primarily to the rounding-up of French
144:Those caught in roundups were most often sent to
925:
319:, although not as extensively as in Poland. The
613:
384:. Men, women, and children were transported to
939:Forced migrations of Poles during World War II
944:Sexual violence in Europe during World War II
184:for the children's game known in English as "
180:connotation due to the prior use of the word
699:Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin
105:; English: "roundup" or "catching") was the
896:Akcje zbrojne podziemnej Warszawy 1939-1944
688:
686:
734:; reprinted by Time Life Education, 1993.
246:. Others, particularly Jews in hiding and
27:World War II roundups by Germans in Poland
683:
451:
436:
395:
290:
264:
199:
159:
672:, Oxford University Press, pp. 1002-3.
497:eliminated roundup organizers such as:
388:in remote regions of the Soviet Union.
286:
14:
926:
702:. New York: Basic Books. p. 281.
692:
657:
226:. Many Polish women were selected for
592:Nazi crimes against the Polish nation
857:(1859 Days of Warsaw), Kraków, 1974.
391:
222:) or concentration camps, including
24:
764:
25:
975:
629:(1859 Days of Warsaw), pp. 303-4.
476:, were sentenced to death by the
407:In 1940, one roundup was used by
376:used similar tactics to round up
949:Unfree labor during World War II
92:
40:
844:
819:
806:
797:
788:
546:(Propaganda Commission) of the
295:Nazi German roundup in France (
250:, were shot dead on the spot.
248:Poles wanted for harboring them
172:, derived from the Polish verb
745:
716:
654:(1859 Days of Warsaw), p. 167.
641:
632:
604:
13:
1:
597:
517:
427:Związek Organizacji Wojskowej
164:Street roundup in Warsaw 1941
536:(Listen, folks), one of the
403:roundup on 8 September 1939.
360:) The word was adopted from
230:. Many Polish children were
146:slave labour in Nazi Germany
7:
565:
323:term for this practice was
10:
980:
905:, Książka i Wiedza, 1987,
307:Such roundups as Poland's
155:
964:Nazi war crimes in France
934:Nazi war crimes in Poland
827:Polskie Państwo Podziemne
338:In historical terms, the
73:
59:
39:
32:
812:Władysław Bartoszewski,
774:, Westview Press, 1994,
722:Jozef Garlinski (1975),
311:were carried out by the
274:roundup, occupied Poland
176:("to catch"), carried a
959:Enforced disappearances
825:Stanisław Salmonowicz,
415:to gain entry into the
851:Władysław Bartoszewski
648:Władysław Bartoszewski
623:Władysław Bartoszewski
534:Posłuchajcie ludzie...
464:
449:
404:
352:when practiced by the
304:
275:
238:− were transported to
213:
198:
165:
455:
440:
424:. There he organised
399:
294:
268:
203:
190:
163:
121:, whereby the German
572:Chronicles of Terror
542:publications of the
482:Occupation of Poland
344:roundup was used in
287:Targeted territories
68:Nazi occupied Poland
64:Nazi-occupied Europe
901:Stachiewicz Piotr,
894:Tomasz Strzembosz,
784:Google Print, p.413
444:'s announcement of
358:Barbary slave trade
916:Henryk Witkowski,
770:Hershel Edelheit,
560:Leonard Buczkowski
544:Komisja Propagandy
465:
450:
405:
382:invasion of Poland
305:
276:
214:
166:
903:Akcja "Kutschera"
898:, Warszawa, 1978.
865:Europe: A History
855:1859 dni Warszawy
814:1859 dni Warszawy
709:978-0-465-00239-9
669:Europe: A History
652:1859 dni Warszawy
627:1859 dni Warszawy
555:Zakazane piosenki
478:Underground court
469:Polish resistance
392:Polish resistance
271:Sicherheitsdienst
84:
83:
16:(Redirected from
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525:Siekiera, motyka
150:ethnic-cleansing
104:
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66:, predominantly
46:1941 roundup in
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29:
21:
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978:
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491:Operacja Główki
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366:Algerian Arabic
346:French colonial
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119:occupied Poland
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413:Witold Pilecki
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228:sexual slavery
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890:0-7818-0901-0
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873:0-19-520912-5
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861:Norman Davies
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835:83-02-05500-X
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780:0-8133-2240-5
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760:83-912000-3-5
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740:0-8094-8925-2
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732:0-449-22599-2
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664:Norman Davies
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414:
411:secret agent
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359:
356:. (See also:
355:
351:
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343:
342:
336:
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326:
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318:
314:
310:
303:January 1943.
302:
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241:
240:concentration
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547:
543:
537:
533:
529:
528:(Polish for
523:
521:
466:
446:forced labor
431:
425:
406:
386:labour camps
378:middle-class
369:
361:
349:
339:
337:
332:
324:
308:
306:
296:
279:
277:
269:
255:
252:
219:Arbeitslager
217:
215:
196:memoir, 1943
191:
181:
173:
169:
167:
152:operations.
143:
138:
136:
113:practice in
111:World War II
109:name for a
87:
86:
85:
78:World War II
33:
879:Ron Jeffery
726:, Fawcett,
474:Nazi police
244:death camps
194:Ron Jeffery
80:(1939–1945)
954:Kidnapping
928:Categories
845:References
678:0198201710
598:References
518:In culture
442:Hans Frank
422:the ghetto
236:contraband
752:Adam Cyra
461:Luftwaffe
457:Bydgoszcz
417:Auschwitz
409:Home Army
401:Bydgoszcz
301:Marseille
232:kidnapped
224:Auschwitz
168:The term
127:Wehrmacht
696:(2010).
666:(1996),
566:See also
530:Axe, Hoe
280:łapankas
178:sardonic
60:Location
54:district
52:Żoliborz
837:, p.255
463:soldier
374:Soviets
370:razzier
313:Germans
309:łapanka
256:Ausweis
182:łapanka
170:łapanka
156:History
139:łapanka
131:Gestapo
88:Łapanka
34:Łapanka
18:Lapanka
909:
888:
871:
833:
778:
758:
738:
730:
706:
676:
539:bibuła
448:, 1940
372:. The
362:ġaziya
354:Tuareg
350:rezzou
341:razzia
333:razzia
321:French
317:France
260:Warsaw
212:, 1942
210:Warsaw
115:German
107:Polish
74:Period
48:Warsaw
495:Kedyw
325:rafle
297:rafle
174:łapać
96:
907:ISBN
886:ISBN
869:ISBN
831:ISBN
776:ISBN
756:ISBN
736:ISBN
728:ISBN
704:ISBN
674:ISBN
329:Jews
242:and
206:(pl)
129:and
432:ZOW
364:of
335:.
299:),
188:".
186:tag
50:'s
930::
867:,
863:,
853:,
685:^
650:,
625:,
615:^
562:.
486:AK
208:,
125:,
123:SS
913:.
875:.
782:,
742:.
712:.
680:.
430:(
117:-
91:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
